Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
7 in the Concrete Design Handbook- Page 4-28 Assume an equivalent concentrated column load (950 kN/m x span length including supports) applied at the centre of the beam. Assume the same beam height. Determine the size of the column, the size of struts and the area and distribution of reinforcement. Show your design on a neat sketch. Repeat the problem assuming the flexural theory on a simply supposed beam. Determine the amount of flexural and shear reinforcement (using the simplified method). Discuss the differences with the strut-and-tie model.
Column Design Step 1. Initial Calculations Equivalent concentric column Load = 950 kN/m x span length including supports Equivalent concentric column Load = 950 kN/m x 11.3 m Equivalent concentric column Load = 10735 kN Step 2. Determine the value of g g = 0.02 Step 3. Compute the column dimensions Pf Pr,max = 0.8 Ag ( 1cfc(1-g) + sfyg) = 0.8 x (1cfc (1-g) + sfyg) = 0.8 x (0.8 x 0.65 x 25 x (1 - 0.02) + 0.85 x 400 x 0.02) = 15.632 MPa
Pr,max = 10735 kN
Considering the column to be a square column b = 828.7 mm = 850 mm Step 4. Determine the longitudinal reinforcement
We are supposed to compute this value from the moment Interaction diagram but I do not have the particular moment Interaction diagram for fc =25Mpa and fy = 400MPa so I am giving an estimated value instead. Pg = 0.0231
24 No. 30M Bars (16800mm2) 0.08Ag = 57800 > As = 16800mm2 > 0.01 Ag = 7225 mm2 OK Step 5. Check Minimum Requirements a) Transverse Reinforcement db = No. 30M db,tie 30% db = 0.3 x 29.9 = 8.97 mm No.10M ties selected 16 db = 16 x 29.9 = 467.2 mm stie 48db,tie = 48 x 11.3 = 542 mm b = 850 mm Stie = 450 mm
Canadian sizes Metric bar designations represent the nominal bar diameter in millimeters, rounded to the nearest 5 mm. Metric Bar Size 10M 15M 20M 25M 30M 35M 45M 55M Mass per unit length Nominal Diameter Cross-Sectional (kg/m) 0.785 1.570 2.355 3.925 5.495 7.850 11.775 19.625 11.3 16.0 19.5 25.2 29.9 35.7 43.7 56.4 (mm) Area (mm) 100 200 300 500 700 1000 1500 2500
b) Longitudinal Reinforcement
S2 = 209.3 mm
850 mm
S1 = 113.6 mm
850 mm
Reinforcement Details of Column
Factored Column Load = kN Column Dimension = 850 x 10736 850 mm fc = 25 MPa fy = 400 MPa Estimating the size of the beam The maximum shear ignoring the self-weight of the beam is b = 400 mm
1. Estimate the size of the beam This will be done in two different ways a) Limit Vf to (0.5 to 0.8) c bwd The maximum shear force ignoring the dead load of the beam is 5368 kN h = 4000 mm d = 0.9 x 4000 = 3600 mm
b) Select height of keep the flattest strut at an angle of 40o Shear span = 5650 mm Minimum height c/c of nodes = 5650tan 40o = 4740.91 mm Assumed d = 3600 mm < 4741 mm So d = 4741 and the height becomes 4741 / 0.9 = 5268 mm h = 5300 mm For first trial we shall assume bw = 700mm and h = 5300mm With the lower chord located 0.05h = 265 mm above the bottom of the beam and the center of the top node at 0.05h = 265 mm below the top of the beam. The weight of the beam is 0.7 x 5.3 x 11.3x24 = 1006 kN Factored weight of beam = 1.2 x 1006 = 1207 kN For simplification Total Load = Column Load + Factored beam self-weight Total load = 10736 + 1207 Total load = 11944 kN Now adding the self-weight of the beam the reaction of the beam becomes Reaction Load at A and C = 5972 kN
Subdivision of Node The node B is subdivided in to two nodes B1 and B2 Each transmitting a load of 5972 kN Node B is a CCC node so using the equation The total width of the strut in the column at B is
This is centered in the column. The strut can be considered to be made up of two struts with width. Ws1 = 618 mm Ws2 = 618 mm As the vertical load components acting at B1 and B2 are the same so the distance from the strut end to the point of application load will also be same for both struts = 309 mm
Compute the widths of the struts and ties and draw the strut-and-tie model. Strut A B at B: 1. Distance from centroid of beam to the column center = = 5.025 m 2. Horizontal projection = 5.025m - 618 m = 4407 mm 3. Vertical Projection = 5300 265 265 = 4770 mm 4. The angle between axis of the strut and the horizontal = arc tan = 47.3o 5. The axial force in strut A-B = 5972/Sin47.3o = 8126 kN 6. Width of strut at B
It is a strut with a width (measured perpendicular to the axis of the strut) of 841 mm at A, and 1228mm at B. Strut B C The design of this strut will be similar to the previous one due to loading at the center. Tie A C Axial force based on the geometry at A or C =
= 5510 kN
We could use, 24No. 30M Bars or 17No. 35M Bars The height of the tension tie = wf = So the axis of the tie is located at 323mm above the bottom of the beam as shown in the section which is close enough to the assumed 265 mm in the first step.
700mm
Provide 24 NO. 30M Bars in 6 layers of 4 bars spaced so that the middle layer is 323 mm above the bottom of the beam. Use 12 No. 25M Bars horizontal harpins bars with the legs of the harpins lap spliced.
By Flexural Theory
Repeat the problem assuming the flexural theory on a simply supported beam. Determine the amount of flexural and shear reinforcement (using the simplified method).
ln = 8800 + 2 x 1250 = 11300 mm Initial Calculations Height of beam = h = 4000mm Width = Width = Width = Width = Self-weight Self-weight of beam = 24 x 4 x 2.2 = 211.2 kN /m Factored self-weight = 1.2 x 211.2 = 253.44 kN/m (Column of Loading) wf = 950 kN/m wf,total = 950 + 253.44 = 1203.44 kN/m Calculating Moment
From Table 4.4 Chalal and Lachami fc = 25 Mpa fy = 400 Mpa b = 2.24 % 1 = 0.813 1 = 0.908 Assume = 0.6 b = 0.6 x 2.24 = 1.344 % ( ) Kr = 3.779 MPa
h2 = d2 + bc
b, stirrup +
h max (h1; h2) h max (4000; ) h = 4000 mm d = h - bc- db, stirrup d = 4000 30 11.3 d = 3944 mm b = 2200 mm Compute the required amount of reinforcement and verify if As,required As,min
Select the number of bars and verify their suitability for the sections; compute As,provided and Providing 22 No. 35M Bars
For fc = 25 MPa
( >
So the beam is under reinforced and therefore ductile failure will occur OK
Compute
Verify compliance with minimum requirements and detailing provisions Spacing of longitudinal reinforcement 1.4 db = 1.4x35.7 = 49.98 mm Smin = max 1.4 amax = 1.4 x 20 = 28 mm 30 mm Smin = 50 mm 22 No. 35M Bars Providing in 2 Layers 11 Bars per layer
Smin = 50 mm Skin Reinforcement h = 4000 mm > 750 mm skin reinforcement s required Crack control parameter (Z factor)
Shear Design Effective shear depth d = 3944 dv = is the effective shear depth taken as greater of 0.9d = 0.9 x 3944 = 3550 mm 0.72h = 0.72 x 4000 = 2880 mm dv = 3550 mm
5368 kN >
so Av is required
Vs = Vs = Find the required stirrup spacings Use 10M bars Ab = 100 mm2 2xAb = 200 mm2 Calculate spacings Simplified method is used for calculation of spacing
< smax OK
Difference between the design by strut and tie model and Flexure theory
Flexural theory
22 No. 35M Bars more steel area Beam Dimensions bw = ,h= mm more concrete