HEART STRUCTURE

Aorta Pulmonary artery

4 sections Left atrium Right atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle

Right Atrium Left Atrium Vena Cava

Pulmonary vein

4 main blood routes into and out of the heart Vena Cava Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary vein

Tricuspid valves

Bicuspid valves

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle Semi-lunar valves

Left side of the heart has more muscle than the right side because the blood from the right hand side just has to go to the lungs WHEREAS the blood from the left hand side has to be pumped all around the body. 2 lots of valves there are each set on valves on both sides of the heart Atrioventricular valves between the atrium and the ventricles Tricuspid valve on the right Bicuspid (mitral) valve on the left Semi-lunar valves in the pulmonary artery and the aorta

CARDIAC CYCLE
Deoxygenated blood enters from the body into the right atrium via the Vena Cava Vena Cava

Once all the blood has entered into the right atrium the blood is pushed down into the right ventricle

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle The blood is then pumped up through the Pulmonary artery to the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs ( CO2 diffuses out of the blood and O2 is diffuses in from the lungs

Pulmonary Artery

The newly oxygenated blood is returned to the heart via the Pulmonary Artery into the left atrium

Left Atrium

The blood is pumped down into the left Ventricle

Left Ventricle

The blood is pumped from the left ventricle up through the Aorta and is pumped around the body to provide oxygen to organs

Aorta

Miss Gs input (I hope you dont mind Claire and Matilda)

Pressure changes in the heart and how the valves open and close
The only way blood moves from the atrium and into the ventricles, is due to pressure changes. When the atriums are relaxed and at diastole, they fill with blood causing the pressure to increase. The atrium will then s in o - a t r ia l n o d e ( S A N ) receive impulses (from the SA node) to contract (systole) and the pressure increases even more, and is higher than the pressure in a t r io - v e n t r ic u la r n o d e ( A V N the ventricles, causing the atrioventricular valves (AV valves) to B u n d l e o f H is open, forcing blood to enter the ventricles. As blood fills the ventricles, the pressure increases, and become higher in the P u r k in je f ib r e s ventricles than in the atrium. This causes the AV valves to close. At this same time, the AV node (stimulated by the impulses across the top two atria) will send impulses over the ventricles (bundle of His and purkinji fibres), causing the ventricles to contract. Whilst the ventricles have contracted, the atriums have been relaxed and have filled with blood. Once the ventricles have contracted, both the atrium and ventricles will relax and be at diastole, and will wait for another impulse to reach the SA node. The noise of the heart beat (lub dub), is only due the AV valves opening and closing. The lub noise is due the AV valves opening and the dub occurs when the valves close
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E v e n ts

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