229

JAPAN

Area:
Japan proper ..
Saghalien ..
Korea .220,700
Kwantung.
Formosa .35,800
Population:
Japan proper (IX. I938)
Saghalien (XI. 1937) ..
Korea (XI. 1937)
Kwantung (X. 1935) ..
Formosa (XI. 1937) ..

382,000 sq. km.

36,Ioo sq. km.

sq. km.
3,700 sq. km.
sq. km.
678,300 sq. km.
72,223,000

338,000
.23,640,000

1,657,000
5,446,000
103,304,000
152.3
189.1

Density per sq. km .........

Japan proper ....

I.

Army.

ORGANISATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY.

The armed forces of Japan on a peace-time footing include the
following units
i.

Higher Units.
17 divisions (including I Imperial body-guard division).

4 brigades of cavalry.
4 brigades of heavy artillery.
2.

Arms and Services.

Infantry.
68 regiments.
2 tank regiments.
An infantry regiment consists of 3 battalions and a machine-gun
corps, and an infantry battalion of 3 companies and a machinegun section.

230

JAPAN

Cavalry.
25 regiments (of 3 or 4 squadrons each).
Eight of these regiments are organised into four independent
cavalry brigades, while the remaining seventeen are attached one to
each of the divisions.
Artillery.
Field artillery: 14 regiments.
Heavy field artillery : 8 regiments.
Heavy coastal artillery : 8 regiments.
Mountain artillery : 5 regiments.
Anti-aircraft artillery: 2 regiments.
Horse artillery 4 groups.
A field artillery regiment consists of 6 batteries each equipped
with four guns.
Engineers.
i7 battalions of pioneers of 3 companies each.
2. railway regiments.
2 telegraph regiments.
Air Force.
9 regiments (ii reconnaissance squadrons, Ir fighting squadrons,
4 bombing squadrons and one balloon group).
RECRUITING SYSTEM AND PERIOD OF SERVICE.
Military service is compulsory from the age of 17 to the age of 40.
The service is divided as follows : standing army, consisting of
active service forces and the first reserve; second reserve ; replacement
service and territorial service.
PERIOD OF SERVICE.
Category of service

Active service..
army
Secondirst

reserve

Stanm.
ry

..

Navy
Army

.2

Army..
{Army
rNavy

Replacement service
Territorial service

from
20 to 2I
from 20
to 21

22

Io4
..

to 36
27tO
36
27 to 31

....

24

22
to 26

..........
....

Age

(years)

20

to 36

7 to 4o

231

JAPAN

Those having finished the period of active service are placed on

the first reserve list for terms as stated above. At the end of such
terms, they are removed to the second reserve, and then finally
to the territorial service. Those who have gone through the period
of replenishment reserve service are also transferred to the territorialservice.
Examination for Conscription.

Total number
examined
568,796
585,819

I928.....
1929....

I930..
931.
I932
1933
I934...
1935
1936 ..

595,505
6619,146
621,844
63I,099
641,969
633,886
630,802

.
...
...
..

..

EFFECTIVES.
The strength of the army on a peace-time footing is about
officers.

250,000, including I5,0oo0

MILITARY STATUTE OF THE ISLANDS UNDER

JAPANESE MANDATE.
..............
Area
Population (X. I937)

..-

2,I49 sq. km.

II3,o00

The Islands under Japanese mandate belong to category " C" of

the mandated territories, which are administered under the laws of
the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory. According to
Article 4 of the mandate, the military training of the natives, otherwise than for purposes of internal police and the local defence of the
territory, is prohibited. Furthermore, no military or naval bases
can be established or fortifications erected in the territory.
The maintenance of peace and order in the territory is placed
exclusively in the hands of the police.

232

JAPAN

II.

Navy.

(1938 and 1939.)

LIST OF UNITS.
(I938.)

Io capital ships (battleships) :

Names of the ships

i.
2.

Ncagato
3
MutU

..

3.
4.

Ise

..

5
6.

^
Husd
..
Yamasiro ..

7.
8.
9.

..

Hysga

..

UO

Date (i) of
launching;
(a)
of entry
entry
(2) of
into service

Standard
Dimensions
displace(feet)
ment
Length
(tons)
Beam Draught

1919I-20
132,720-21

32,

1916-17~
17-18

29,
29,99

683
94 2
I281

1914-15

29,3

673

1915--17
(
~Ha~r~cna
I9I5-I7 i
..
1912-13

Kong6
Haruna ..
Kirisima ..

1913-15
I93-I5
_

29,330

700
95
30

28j
704
924

H.P..P.
H

Speed
s(kts.)

8
80,000

23

VIII 16, XX 5.5, VIII

5 (A.A.), VI tubes
(21).

45,000

23

XII 14, XVIII 5.5,

VIII 5 (A.A.), IV
tubes (21).

o,ooo
08

22

64,000

26

271

I9^

_Hd__I2I4__

Armament 2 (number,
and calibre in inches)

XII 14, XVI 6, VIII 5

(A.A.), II tubes (2I).

(VIII I4, XVI 6, VIII

5 (A.A.), IV tubes
(21).

92

64,000

26

(A.A.), IV

3 (A.A.).

5 (+ i building 7) aircraft-carriers
!iryu

I937-

(building)

i.

SoryI..

..

1935-38

I06880

10,05o

2.

Ryazy6

..

I931-33

7,100

3.

Akagis

..

I925-27

26,900

4.

Kaga..

..

I921-28

26,900

6881

6884
68
6
548
6o0
'51
763
92
21I
715
I02

60,000

lff

30

XII 5. (A.A.).

30

XI 5 (A.A.).

40,000

25 '

XII 5 (A.A.).

131,200

28.5

X 8, XII 4.7 (A.A.).

9I,000

23

X 8, XII

30,000

25

IV 5.5, II 3 (A.A.).

6,000
600

4.7 (A.A.).

211
510

5.

HIsy6

..

I921-22

7,470

62
201

Four new battleships (of over 40,000 tons) are believed to have been laid down during I938-39.
2 Guns and torpedo-tubes.
3 Reconstructed I934-36.
1

4 Haruna,Kirisiha:95 feet.

5 Completely rebuilt, I935-37.

0 Listed for training ship (de-militarised), is now being re-armed.
Not including one unit (Koryu) believed to have been laid down in I938.
8 Under refit i937.
0 Refitted I935-36

JAPAN

233

42 (+ 2 building) cruisers:
Names of the ships

Date (I) of Standard Dimensions

launching; displace(feet)
(2) of entry
ment
Length
(tons) Beam Draught
into service

H.P.

Speed
(kts.)

Armamentl (number,
and calibre in inches)

ist-Class Cruisers.
i.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6.
7.
8.
20.
9.

Atago
Takao
Ty6kai
aya
Nati ..
Mydk6
Myd~k6
Asigarce
Hagusro

..
..

1I930-32

..

i^93I-32
-62j

1930-32
1930-32

65

9' 850

60

^'

..
..
..

1
I930-32
1927-28
1927-29
i927-29
..
1928-2^9
I928-29
..
Aoba..
..
1i926-27
Kinugasa .. 1926-27 9
i^
..
Aoba^126-27

10,000

640
^621
5

7,00

5
595

I0O

33

X 8, VIII 4.7 (A.A.),

VIII tubes (21).

VI 8, IV 4.7 (A.A.),
XII tubes (21).

141

ii.
12.

Kako ..
Hurutakac

..

I925-26
1925-26

00

23.

Kasuga

..

1902-04

7,080

595
501

I41
357
61

95,0

33

123,5o00

20

VI 8, IV 4.7 (A.A.),
XII tubes (2i).

I io, II 8, IV 6, IV
3, I3

4521

Aduma

;.

1899-

8,640

591

17,000

IV

8,

13

..

899-

9,00

6,

IV

3,

434
Yakumo

VIII

(A.A.), IV tubes.

25
i5.

(A.A.),IVtubes

(S8).

251
14.

8, IV 4.7 (A.A.),
VIII tubes (2i).

641

I5,500

201

IV 8, VIII 6, IV 3,
II tubes (i8).

231
i6. Iwate ..
17.
Idumo

434
6899-i900
68

1900-0o1

9,o

..

V 3,

IV

tubes.

2nd-Class Cruisers.
Tone..
Tikuma

..
....

9371938-

8,500

6I41

8,500

63

(building)
i.
2.

Kumano
Mikumea

3.

Mogami

..
..

4.

Suzuya

5.
6.

ex Ning-Hai
ex Ping-Hai

..

7.
7. Naka..
Naka ..
8.
9.
io.
ii.
I2.
23.
24.
15.

Zint
Sendai
Abukumna
Kinus ...
Ysura ..
Natori
Nagara

18.
19.
20.

Ooi ..
Tama
Kuma

9439

-34-3
-3:x9::
I934-3o5

13
535

1920-21

1919-20

..
..
..
.

Isuzu
i6. Kiso ..
17. Kitakami
..
00 I~itaka~uti
..

32,500

I925-25
1925-25

..

59
59

932-36

..

..

8,5005

293I-

..

..

33

XII 6.i, VIII 5 (A.A.),

XII tubes (21).

9o0,000
9,00O

33
33

XV 6. , VIII 5 (A.A.),
XII tubes (2i).

221

VI

1934-37

1923-25
1923-24
1923-25
1922-:22
I.2922-23
I922-22
192-22
1921-23
920-2
1920-21
I920--2I i
1920-21

..

90,000

I41
6391

1936-37

5,195

461
15 ft.

5,I00

39

70,000

33

70,00

33

70,000

33

01I

57Q5i
46
1
15 ft. 1o in.

5,70

5,100

2,500

9,500

535Vu
535
461
51tubes

VII 5.5, II
3 (A.A.),
VIII tubes (22).

1 VII

1 Guns and torpedo-tubes.

2 Not induding 5 cruisers of 7,000 tons reported as being under construction.

a Ping-Hai, III.

5, VI 3.5 (A. A.),

I
IV tubes()
tubes (2 ).
VII 5.5 II 3 (A.A.),
VIII
tubes 2in).

5.5,
V
(2).

II
T 3, VIII
I)

234

JAPAN

Date (i) of
Names of the ships
launching;
the ships
(2) of entry
into service

Standard
displacement
(tons)

Dimensions
(feet) Length
Beam
Draught

HP

Speed
(kts.)

Armament' (number, and

calibre in inches)

2nd-Class Cruisers (cont.)

21.

Ydbari

..

1923-24

22.

Tatuta
Tenryu

..
..

1918-19

23.

2,890

Yahagi

Hirado

..

tubes (21).

198-19

468

3,230

~24.' .. Yahagi
' 1911-12
91-12

24.

25.

VI3 5.5, I

I92

40
I)I
Itubes

4,40046

51,000

31

V
I 3 (A.A.), VI
tubes (2).

22,5 00

26

VIII
6,
V1
6T II 3, II
I 3 (A.A.),

47

1911-12

(A.A.), IV

500tubes

(i8).

Guns and torpedo-tubes.

I30 (+ 8 building 1) destroyers and torpedo-boats

1' g
Type

-p

Date of
launching

Standard
displacement
(tons)

Draught
(feet)

Speed
(kts.)

Armament (number,
and calibre in inches)

Ist-Class Destroyers.
Kurosio ..
Asasio
..
Sigure
..
Hatuharu
Heubuki ..
Mutuki
Kamikaze
Minekaze

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

1938
1936-38
1935-37
1932-34
I927-32-I.
1925-27
1922-25
1920-22

7 Wakatake
i9 Kaya
..

..
..

I922-23
1919-22

820
770

81
8

Momo

..

..

1916-17

755

7t

8.
...
8 Otori
4 Tidori

....
..
..

..
..

building
1935-37
1933

595
595
527

2
12
io
6
23
12
9
i5

2,000
1,500

9
91
81
91

1,368
1,368
1,700
1,315
1,270
1,215

9
-

34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34

39,000
38,000
37,000
40,000
38,500
38,500
38,500

91

VIII 5.
VI 5, VIII tubes (21).
V 5, VIII tubes (21).
V 5, VI tubes (21).
VI 5, IX tubes (21).
IV 4.7, VI tubes (2I).
IV 4.7, VI tubes (2i).
IV 4.7, VI tubes (2I).

2nd-Class Destroyers.

21,500
17,50021,500
16,00017,500

31.5
31.5

III 4.7, IV tubes (2i).

III 4.7, IV tubes (21).

31.5

III 4.7, VI tubes (18).

9,000
9,000
7,000

28
28
26

III 4.7, III tubes (21).

III 4.7, III tubes (21i).
III 4.7, II tubes (21).

H.P.

Speed
(kts.)

Torpedo-boats.

61
61
6

Not including 6 destroyers building or projected.

Guns and torpedo-tubes.

62 (+ 8 building) submarines:

o
Z

eDate of
aunching
launching-

Type
^

Standard
displacement
(tons)

Armament 2
Draught
(feet)
(feet

os)

(number, and
calibre in inches)

ist-Class Submarines.
8 I 9-I

16

..

building

2 I 7-I

8..

1935-36

about
2,000

I For 2nd class: date of completion.

2 Guns and torpedo-tubes.

90
2,600oo

6,ooo

II 5.5, VI tubes (21).

9

JAPAN

I2

Date of
1
launching
-(tons)

ZU.

Standard
displacement

235

Draught
(feet)

lip

Speed
(kts.)

Armament 2 (number,
and calibre in inches)

ist-Class Submarines (cont.).

1,900

1i 6

..

'9..
134

Y QQ

'
15

1,400

5 17I-175

..

1934-37

168-I 7

..

1933-34

.....

1931

1931

165,66, 67..

12

.-

I 53-64 ..

1 924-28

..

1925-2.9
I

..

..

1922

I 151

1921
I....

,2,500

I5

1 21-24

....

I926-27

20

6,000

17

-oo

6,ooo

19

i,800

isi--

2,48o

1,635
16

2,100

6,ooo

17

I,800

6,00o0

19

1,800

6,00o
17

--

2,000

i,8oo

5,200

1,390
1,142
-

9,470261

15

5,00

141

2,400
4
1,200

15, VI tubes (21).

2,100

2,000

1 4.7, VI tubes (21).

14, VI tubes (21).

1,390
I 152

15, VI tubes (21).

6,000

1,955

4 I 1-4.

20
-

13

1,638
3

6,000

1,955
I

17

13
1,400

6,000
-1

I 4, VI tubes (21).

II 5.5, VI tubes (21).

I 4.7, VIII tubes (2i).6

19
-

I 4.7, VIII tubes (21).

17
-800

I 4.7, VIII tubes (21).

14
9.5

15.5, IV

tubes (21).

2nd-Class Submarines.
700
2

Ro. 33-34

..

I934-354

988
9

Ro. 60-68

..

1923-27

Ro. 51, 53-59..

1920-23

,082

Ro. 26-28

1922-24

746
7i4
:,oo

Ro. 30-32

..

I924-27

1,000

2,400

i6
To

I3(A.A.),IVtubes(2i).

i,8oo
2,400
1,200

17

l3(A.A.),Vltubes(i8).

2,600

16
9
9

I 3 (A.A.),IVtubes(21).

12

655
3

i6

13
I7O
889-893

..

2,600
12

12

1 For 2nd class: date of completion.

2 Guns and torpedo-tubes.
*Three units have only VI tubes.
4 Date of launching.
* For four units ; the remaining four have IV tubes (21).

200

--o
1,200

1,200

13

1,200

Io

3,VItubes (2).
5

I 4,
3-pdr., IVtubes
(21).

236

JAPAN

SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS.

(1938.)
Number

Tonnage

Vessels

Vessels

Artillery
Guns

Type

Torpedo-tubes

Number
In ~
ser-S

Total

In
service

Building

Total

io

291,570

291,570

In
ser-

Total

Capital
ships
(battleships)

io

Aircraftcarriers

Cruisers

..

42

44

78,420

280,145

I0,o5o

88,470

17,000 297,145

16

78 14

96
76
76
4

96
76
76
4

6
5.5
5
3

20
4

8
5.5

36
24
2

5
4.7
3

24
24
2

12
-

I122

4.7
3.5

65

--

65

306
267

Submarines

62

70

80,284

16,ooo

96,284

16
2
22

6
22

1,590

24

--

--

76

36

320

24

344

5.5

162,686

1 Not including guns under 3-inch.

52
124

36

6.1
6

64
9

4,760

47,810o 936,155

84

157,926

888,345

I 10o
122 8

64
9

138

268

24

48

19

i6

130

249

32

torpedoboats
..

..

52
124

Total

- 8

20
4

60

Destroyers
and

i6 16

78

306
291

5
4.7

789

24

813

i6

5.5

356

356

5
4.7

22

6'4
22

1,666

3
1,50

48

1,549

237

JAPAN

SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS.

(I939)
Tonnage

Number

Type ^^

srin
service

Io

oI
5
43

...

Capital ships (battleships)

Aircraft carriers
Cruisers.

io
16

146
75

29

282

44

136

Destroyersandtorpedo-boats
.59
Submarines

Total

uilding

253

Building

Total

8,500

291,570
98,520
297,145

76,863

8,760
28,000

279,686
04,863

906,424

65,36o

972,784

In service

291,570
78,420
288,645
170,926

20,100

Budget Expenditure on National Defence.

III.

The financial year covers the period from April ist to March 3Ist.
i934-35

1935-36

1936-37'

1937-38

1938-39

1I939-40

Estimates

Closed accounts
Yen (ooo,ooo's)
Army :
Ordinary

Extraordinary

..

Totalarmy ....

..

168.8

79.9

19.4

65.9

289.7

36.7

319.3

4009

458.5

496.6

5Io.7

591.4

566.8

216.5

236.4
331.1

294.1

826.7

1,000.4

Navy:
Ordinary
Extraordinary

.199.4

..

Totalnavy ....

..

Grand total: Army and navy..

Index numbers of:

Wholesale prices (i929/30=io00)..
Retail

prices :

(I929/30

00)

3 I 9.9

283.9

of

Cost
..

386.3

483.3

536.4

5675

645.3

680.4

941.8

1,033.0

,078.2

1,236.7

1,247.2

I,827.1

84

88

98

114

120

126'

84

87

92

MoI

living

....

Ii62

Average, April-May 1939.

2 Average, April 1938 to February i939.

The figures above do not include the special extraordinary credits occasioned

by the North China events, amounting for 1937-38 to 2,559.9 million yen, for
are
1938-39 to 4,850 million yen and for 1939-40 to 4,605 million yen, which
covered by the yield of supplementary taxes, by the proceeds of loans, and for
1938-39 and 1939-40 by transfers from the general budget (Ministry of Finance,
351.9 and 535.2 million yen respectively).