Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Roof beam
Roof beam: RB 1 and RB2
BS 8110
Reference
Calculations
Output
Specification:
Self weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
f cu = 30mm
f y = 460 N/mm2
Table 3.3
2m
4m
Design load=
4.00kN/m
4 KN/m
2m
4m
i)
Fixed end moment
FEMAB = FEMCB = 0
(
FEMBA =
FEMBC = -
=-
)( )
(
= 2.00KN. m
)( )
= - 8.00KN.m
ii)
Stiffness factor for each member (K)
Kab = Kba =
=
= 1.5EI
Kbc = Kcb =
= 0.75EI
iii)
Joint stiffness factor ( K)
Kb = Kba + Kbc
= 1.5EI + 0.75EI
= 2.25EI
iv)
Distribution factor, DF =
DFab = 1
DFba =
DFbc =
DFcb = 1
v)
= o.67
= 0.33
Carry over
0.5
0.5
2m
4m
Calculations
vi)
Joint
a
Span
DF
FEM
Balance
Distribution
Carry over
Final
moment
b
ba
0.67
2.00
6.00
4.02
0
6.02
COF
c
cb
1
0
0
0
0
0
bc
0.33
-8.00
6.00
1.98
0
-6.02
6.02 KN
B (L)
8kN
4 KN/m
6.02 KN
B
2m
C
4m
Taking moment at BL
+ MB = 0
-2Vab + 8.00 6.02 = 0
VA = 0.99KN
VB (L) = 7.01 KN
VA = 0.99KN
VB (L) = 7.01 KN
Shear diagram
0.99
2-x
7.01
=
1.98 0.99
= 7.01
= 0.2475
=0
1.7525 m
) 1.7525 ( 7.01 ) = 0
Mmax. = 0.1225KN.m
4m
VB (R)
Vc
16 KN
Taking moment at BR
+ MB (R) = 0
-6.02 + 16(2) 4Vc = 0
Vc = 6.495 KN
VB (R) = 9.505 KN
Vc = 6.495 KN
VB (R) = 9.505 KN
9.505
4-x
x
6.495
=
38.02 9.505
= 6.495
= 2.376m
6.02 KN.
4 KN/m
Mmax
2.376 m
9.505
9.504 KN
) 9.505 (2.376) = 0
4 KN/m
Mmax
1.624 m
6.496 KN
+ Mmax + 6.496 (
Mmax = 5.273 KN.m
6.495 KN
) + 6.495 (1.624) = 0
w = 2.29 KN/m
Beneficial
2m
A
4m
C
h = 300m
b = 200m
Self weight of the concrete = 24 0.3 0.2
= 1.44 KN/m
Gk = 0.85 KN/m
Qk =0.5 KN/m
4.00 KN/m
2.29 KN/m
A
2m
4m
i)
Fixed end moment
FEMAB = FEMCB = 0
FEMBA =
FEMBC = -
=-
)( )
(
= 2.00KN. m
)( )
= - 4.58KN. m
ii)
Stiffness factor for each member (K)
Kab = Kba =
=
= 1.5EI
Kbc = Kcb =
= 0.75EI
iii)
Joint stiffness factor ( K)
Kb = Kba + Kbc
= 1.5EI + 0.75EI
= 2.25EI
iv)
Distribution factor, DF =
DFab = 1
DFba =
= o.67
DFbc =
= 0.33
DFcb = 1
v)
Carry over
0.5
2m
0.5
4m
vi)
Joint
a
Span
DF
FEM
Balance
Distribution
Carry over
Final
moment
COF
ab
1
0
0
0
0
0
b
ba
0.67
2.00
2.58
1.729
0
3.729
COF c
bc
cb
0.33
1
-4.58
0
2.58
0
0.851
0
0
0
-3.729
0
4 KN/m
Mmax
3.729 KN
2m
VA
8.00 KN
BL
VB1(L)
VA = 2.136 KN
VB(L) = 5.864 KN
2.136
2 x = 1.4762m
x
5.864
=
4.272 2.316
= 5.864
= 0.534m
3.729 KN.m
Mmax
1.466 m
5.864 KN
5.864 KN
Max. moment
+ Mmax 2.136 ( 0.534 ) +
Mmax = 0.57 KN.m
=0
+ Mmax + 5.864 (
Mmax = 0.57 KN.m
For span RB2(BR C)
3.729 KN.m
2.29 KN/m
BR
4m
VB (R)
9.16 KN
Vc
Taking moment at BR
+ MB (R) = 0
3.729 9.16 (2) +Vc1 = 3.65 KN
VB (R) = 5.51 KN
5.51
VB (R) = 5.51 KN
4x
x
3.65
=
22.04 5.51
= 3.65
= 2.406m
2.29 KN/m
Mmax
1.594 m
3.65 KN
+ Mmax 3.65(
Mmax = 2.90 KN.m
Left hand side
3.65 KN
) + 3.65 ( 1.594 ) = 0
3.729KNm
2.29 KN/m
Mmax
2.406 m
5.51 KN
5.51 KN
) (5.51)(2.406) = 0
adverse
2m
A
4m
C
h = 300m
b = 200m
Self weight of the concrete = 24 0.3 0.2
= 1.44 KN/m
Dead load of root + ceiling = 0.75 + 0.1
= 0.85KN/m/m width
= 0.85 1m
= 0.85 KN/m
Live load = 0.5KN/m/m width
= 0.5 1 m
= 0.5 KN/m
Design load for span AB (Beneficial)
Design load = 1.0 Gk + 0 Qk
= 1.0 Gk
= 1.0 ( 1.44 + 0.85 )
= 2.29 KN/m
Design load for span BC (Adverse)
Design load = 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
= 1.4( 1.44 + 0.85) + 1.6( 0.5)
= 4.00KN/m
2.29 KN/m
4.00 KN/m
A
2m
4m
Gk=0.85 KN/m
Qk=0.5 KN/m
i)
Fixed end moment
FEMAB = FEMCB = 0
(
FEMBA =
FEMBC = -
=-
)( )
(
= 1.145 KN. m
)( )
= - 8.00 KN. m
ii)
Stiffness factor for each member (K)
Kab = Kba =
=
= 1.5EI
Kbc = Kcb =
= 0.75EI
iii)
Joint stiffness factor ( K)
Kb = Kba + Kbc
= 1.5EI + 0.75EI
= 2.25EI
iv)
Distribution factor, DF =
DFab = 1
DFba =
= o.67
DFbc =
= 0.33
DFcb = 1
vii)
Carry over
0.5
2m
A
0.5
4m
B
v)
Moment distribution table
Joint
a
COF
b
COF c
Span
ab
ba bc
cb
DF
1
0.67 0.33
1
FEM
0
1.145 -8.00
0
Balance
0
6.855 6.855
0
Distribution 0
4.593 2.262
0
Carry over 0
0 0
0
Final
0
5.738 -5.738
0
moment
BL
VB1(L)
4.58 KN
VA
VA = -0.579 KN
VBL = 5.159 KN
5.159
x
2-x
0.579
=
1.158 0.579 = 5.159
= 0.2018
Left Hand Side
2.29 KN/m
Mmax
0.2018 m
0.462 KN
0.579 KN
)=0
2.29 KN/m
5.738
Mmax
1.7982 m
4.118 KN
5.159 KN
) + 5.738 5.159(1.7982) = 0
+ Mmax + 4.118(
Mmax = - 0.163KN.m
For span RB2(BR C)
5.738 KN.m
4.0 KN/m
BR
4m
VB(R)
16 KN
Vc
Taking moment at C
+ MC = 0
16(2) + 5.738 4VB1(R) = 0
VB (R) = 9.435 KN
VC = 6.565 KN
9.435
4x
x
6.565
6.565
=
37.74 9.435
= 2.359 m
= 6.565
9.435
VB1(L)
) 9.435( 2.35 ) = 0
+ Mmax + 9.436(
Mmax = 5.39 KN.m
Right Hand Side
4 KN/m
Mmax
1.641 m
6.564 KN
6.565 KN
Mmax + 6.564 (
) 6.565 ( 1.641 ) = 0
Mmax = 5.39 KN.m
9.505
2.136
9.435
5.51
0.99
0.579
5.519
3.65
6.495
5.864
6.565
7.01
Shear force envelope diagram
6.02
5.738
3.729
2.90
0.1225
0.57
5.273
5.39
Reinforced design
For sagging at B
Check
K=
=(
)(
)(
= 0.0147< 0.156 ok
Clause
3.4.4.4
z = 261[ 0.5 +
=(
)(
)(
= 55.58
= 226
Check
K=
=(
)(
)(
= 0.00139
Find z
Clause
3.4.4.4
z = d [ 0.5 +
= 261 [ 0.5 +
)(
= 5.26
For span B C (Hogging)
Check
K=
=(
)(
= 0.0132
)(
AS prov = 226mm2
2T12
K < K( = 0.0129 ) ok
So the compression
reinforcement is not
required
Find z
Clause
3.4.4.4
z = d [ 0.5 +
= 261 [ 0.5 +
)(
As prov = 226mm2
2T12
= 48.66
Table 3.25
)(
) = 78mm2
(200)(300) = 2400mm2
As min = 78 mm2
As max = 2400 mm2
2T12
B1
A1
C1
Check deflection
For span A B ( Hogging )
( )basic = 26 ( For continues beam )
d = 261mm
=(
)(
= 0.04184
fs =
=
Table 3.10
)(
(
)
)
= 7.137
The modification factor for tension steel
= 0.55 +
(
= 0.55 +
= 4.707 > 2
( )
= 26
= 52
( )
Table 3.10
( )
>( )
ok
=(
)
= 7.663
For span B C
( )basic = 26 ( For continues beam )
d = 261mm
=(
)(
= 0.3956
fs =
(
)(
(
)
)
= 65.95 N/mm2
The modification factor for tension steel
= 0.55 +
(
= 0.55 +
= 3.1939 > 2
( )
= 26 2
= 52
( )
=(
)
= 15.33
Table 3.8
( )
ok
Check shear
At support A
As prov = 226mm2
(
)
= ( )( )
ok
= 0.433 < 3
(
=( )
= 1.1126 > 1
ok
=
= 1.06
Vc =
=
= 0.5639 N/mm2
>( )
Table 3.7
V=
=
)(
= 0.0409 N/mm2
0.5Vc = 0.282N/mm2
At support B
Take 9.05 KN to calculate the shear
V =
=
)(
= 0.182
0.5Vc > V
At support C
Take 6.565 KN to calculate the shear
V =
=
)(
= 0.126
0.5Vc > V
Hence, for the beam RB1 and RB2. Minimum link
should be provided in all beams of structural
importance, it will be satisfactory to omit them in
members of minor structural importance such as lintels
or where the maximum design shear stress is less than
half Vc.
Table 3.7
=
Let link = 8 mm
Area = 101 mm ( for 2 leg )
(
)
=
(
)
Sv = 299.84 mm
Max. spacing = 0.75d
= 195.75 mm
Hence use
R8@175mm c/c
max. Spacing
8mm
4T12
110mm
25mm
Calculations
Specification:
Self weight of concrete = 24 KN/m3
f cu = 30mm
Table 3.15
f y = 460 N/mm2
Fire resistance = 1 hours
Concrete exposure = mild
Cover = 25mm
Ceiling = 0.10KN/m2
Roof = 0.75 KN/m2
Tension = 12mm
Output
Link = 8mm
f yv = 250 N/mm2
Estimation thickness of slab, h
Table 3.9
(Assume, MF = 0.80)
=
= 250mm
Take d = 250mm,
Assume tension steel = 12mm
Link = 8mm
Cover = 25mm
h = 289mm
So, h = 300mm
b = 200mm
Loading
Self-weight of the concrete = 24 0.3 0.2 1.4
= 2.016KN/m
Dead load of roof + ceiling = 0.75 + 0.1
= 0.85KN/m/m width 1m
= 0.85 KN/m width
Live load = 0.5KN/m/m width
6.965KN
6.965KN
6.965KN
8.064KN
1m
1m
1m
1m
VA2
VA1
MA1 = 0,
6.965KN
6.965KN
A1
6.965KN
8.064KN
A2
1m
14.48KN
1m
1m
1m
14.48KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 2.016 - V aL = 0
V aL = 12.464KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 2.016 6.695 V aR =0
V aR = 5.499KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 4.032 6.695 V DL =0
V DL = 3.483KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 4.032 6.965 6.965 - V DR = 0
V DR = -3.482KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 6.048 6.695 6.695 - V CL =0
V CL = -5.498KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 6.048 6.965(3) - V CR = 0
V CR = -12.463KN
+ F y = 0; 14.48 8.064 3(6.965) V A2L =0
V A2L = -14.48KN
Shear Diagram:
14.48
12.464
5.499
3.483
-3.482
-5.498
-14.48
17.963
13.472
13.473
Check
K=
=(
)(
)(
= 0.0439
d = h 25 8 6
= 300 25 8 6
= 261 mm
Find z
z = d [ 0.5 +
= 261 [ 0.5 +
= 247.58 mm
0.95d = 247.95 mm
Find As :
M = 0,95 f y A s Z
A s req =
=
0.95d,
Use z = 247.58 mm
)(
= 166.03 mm2
bh
Min As =
200 300
= 78 mm2
bh
Min As =
200 300
= 2400 mm2
Check deflection:
) actual =
=
= 15.326
d = 261 mm
(
) =
)(
= 1.318
f s=
=
)(
(
)
)
= 225.29 N/mm2
The modification factor for tension steel
= 0.55 +
= 0.55 +
= 1.4957 < 2
( ) all
( ) allowable = 20 1.4957
-ok-
( ) actual
= 29.914
( ) actual =
= 15.326
Check Shear:
As = 226mm2
-ok=
= 0.433 < 3
)=(
= 1.1126
)
1
=
= 1.06
vc=
= 0.5639 N/mm2
v=
V = 15.49 KN
)(
0.5Vc
= 0.2774 N/mm2
0.5Vc = 0.282 N/mm2
Note 1 : Minimum links should be provided in all
beams of structural importance, it will be
satisfactory to omit them in members of minor
structural importance such as lintels or where
the maximum design shear stress is less than
half Vc .
=
Assume link = 8mm,
Area = 101 mm2 ( for 2 legs )
=
S v = 299.84 mm
Hence, max spacing = 0.75 d
= 195.75mm
= 110 mm
Clear spacing
(
300
)
300
-ok-
8 mm
25 mm
2T12
110 mm