=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=jpeg2ps - convert JPEG compressed images to PostScript Level 2 jpeg2ps is available from http://www.pdflib.

com and many mirrors Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Thomas Merz <tm@pdflib.com> =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=Purpose of jpeg2ps ================== jpeg2ps converts JPEG files to PostScript Level 2 or 3 EPS. In fact, jpeg2ps is not really a converter but a "wrapper": it reads the image parameters (width, height, number of color components) in a JPEG file, writes the corresponding EPS header and then copies the compressed JPEG data to the output file. Decompression is done by the PostScript interpreter (only PostScript Level 2 and 3 interpreters support JPEG compression and decompression). If you have a slow communication channel and a fast printer, sending compressed image data is a big win. Note: if you are interested in conversion of JPEG or other formats to PDF take a look at PDFlib (http://www.pdflib.com). Change History ============== V1.9 (February 04, 2002) - Maintenance release without any functional changes. - Updated contact information to the address http://www.pdflib.com. - Slightly modified a few include files. - Added a JPEG test file and test target in the Makefile. - Added install and uninstall targets to the Makefile. - Added a CodeWarrior 6 project file for Mac and Windows. - Added a man page, constructed from various user contributions. - Cleaned up a few warnings. - Removed support for old-style K&R C compilers. V1.8 (July 28, 1999) - Added -q option for suppressing all non-error messages. - Don't use the supplied getopt on Unix by default, but still include the source module in the distribution (and use it on DOS/Windows) - Added -p option for setting the page size on the command line. If no such option is supplied, A4 or letter is used as default, according to a compile time option. - Renamed makefile.gcc to the more common Makefile. - Added casts to get rid of some warning messages. - Added Mac support for use with DropUNIX. This required opening the files in binary mode, properly initializing some statics, and replacing the getopt loop with a plain argc loop (for now). V1.7 (April 9, 1999) - Fixed an omission in the Makefile (makefile.gcc) - Removed the OS2 #ifdefs and made the conditional code identical to the DOS code. Therefore, using -DDOS should also work on OS/2. V1.6 (March 29, 1999) - Changed all references to my old Web site to the current address

http://www.ifconnection.de/~tm - Added support for OS/2, provided by Stefan A. Deutscher (sad@utk.edu / stefand@ibm.net) - Added support for VMS, provided by Rolf Niepraschk (niepraschk@ptb.de) - Changed the get_2bytes() macro in readjpeg.c to a static function in order to avoid portability issues. Since the evaluation order in the formely used macro version isn't guaranteed, the result was garbled on some platforms, notably with the Metrowerks C compilers for BeOS and Macintosh. - Changed the auto rotate feature in order to produce "clean" (unrotated) EPS files. The old feature of automatically rotating images to landscape mode if width > height can be reactivated with the new command line option "-a" (auto rotate) - Changed the ASCII85 output routine in order to avoid two consecutive percent characters at the beginning of a line. Although legal PostScript, this may cause trouble with some post-processing programs, notably when including jpeg2ps output in TeX files. This should fix the problems dvips users sometimes encountered when using jpeg2ps. The comment in this file (jpeg2ps.txt) regarding problems with TeX PostScript drivers has been deleted. V1.5 (Dec. 12, 1996) - Included ASCIIHex encoding again (the code was already there, only command line option added). This is primarily useful as as workaround for a brain-damaged dvips "feature" (see below). - Added note on dvips and tgif in jpeg2ps.txt. - Removed jpeg2pdf again. Its functionality will be contained in the forthcoming PDFlib C library and some library client programs. V1.4 (Aug. 19, 1996) - included getopt.c in distribution, changed option handling - prepared readjpeg.c for use with jpeg2pdf program (accept baseline only) - included jpeg2pdf in the distribution V1.3 (Jan. 31, 1996) - Fixed ASCII85 encoding bug. In rare cases ~ and > could get separated. V1.2 (Jan. 25, 1996) - Fixed "unsigned" bug when reading JFIF density marker. V1.1 (Jan. 22, 1996) Several enhancements: - invert colors of Adobe Photoshop CMYK files - interpret JFIF resolution ("density") markers - implemented -r switch for specifying resolution - accept compression markers other than SOF0 and SOF1 (this won't be useful for many people, and didn't have any testing). V1.0 (Jan. 9, 1996) Re-release of formerly released Usenet version. Building JPEG2PS ================ jpeg2ps is coded in rather simple-minded ANSI C. It should compile cleanly on all relevant systems. The jpeg2ps distribution is available in .zip and .tar.gz format. jpeg2ps-x.x.zip is intended for DOS or Windows and also includes an executable. Source code is identical in both jpeg2ps-x.x.zip and

jpeg2ps-x.x.tar.gz, the only exception being different line end conventions. General compilation options ---------------------------DA4 makes jpeg2ps use A4 as default paper size. If -DA4 is not given, letter format will be used instead. Note that the paper size can always be specified at the command line. Unix ---jpeg2ps should compile out of the box on most Unix systems, probably after a little Makefile tweaking. The distributed Makefile is set up for GCC on Linux. Windows and DOS --------------Use -DDOS to compile jpeg2ps on DOSish systems. The distributed source builds fine with MS Visual C++ 6.0. A project file for this environment is included in the distribution. OS/2 ---OS/2 support was provided by Stefan A. Deutscher (sad@utk.edu / stefand@ibm.net) and is included in the distribution "as is", i.e., I'm unable to assist in any OS/2-related issues. The following is from Stefan's description for OS/2: >The executable was made from the unmodified unix sources with gcc >emxfix2 applied. To run it you need the emx runtime system, which >find as emxrt.zip, or on ftp-os2.cdrom.com or ftp-os2.nmsu.edu or >Newer versions than emx09c+ef2 should be fine. I tested this only >and there it works. / emx09c + you ftp.leo.org. on Warp 4,

Mac --jpeg2ps can be built on Mac OS 9 using a facility called DropUNIX. This is a wrapper for conventional command-line driven Unix programs which gives some sort of drag-and-drop support. However, command line options are not available. For this reason, jpeg2ps always generates ASCII85 output if built on the Mac. In order to build jpeg2ps on the Mac, you will need DropUNIX from http://www.zenspider.com/ZSS/Products/DropUNIX/index.html The supplied CodeWarrior project file is set up to link against the DropUNIX library which you must build before making jpeg2ps. The idea for the Mac port and the DropUNIX support were provided by Ujwal Sathyam (setlur@bigfoot.com). Note that for unknown reason the Mac version currently supports only conversion of single files. Although it seems to work with multiple files too, the output generated for the second and subsequent files will be rubbish. On Mac OS X the Unix-style Makefile works just fine. VMS ---

A VMS build file was provided by Rolf Niepraschk (niepraschk@ptb.de). It isn't supported by the author of this software. Use the supplied file "descrip.mms" as a starting point for building jpeg2ps with the VMS build tool mms. Usage Details ============= jpeg2ps [options] file.jpg > file.eps -a -b -h -o name -p size -q -r dpi auto rotate feature binary mode hex mode (ASCIIHex encoding) output file name (as an alternative to output redirection) page size name. Known names are: a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, b5, letter, legal, ledger, p11x17 quiet mode: suppress all informational messages resolution value (0 = read from file if possible)

jpeg2ps reads a JPEG file (*not* stdin) and writes a DSC-compliant EPS file containing the compressed JPEG data in PostScript format to stdout. The produced EPS files contain the necessary DSC comments including BoundingBox, so they may be imported in page layout applications. However, they do not contain preview images, so you will only see a gray box on screen. If the auto rotate feature is activated with the -a option, images with width > height are automatically rotated to landscape mode. Don't use this option if you simply want to generate EPS files for inclusion in your documents. Note: prior to version 1.6, jpeg2ps always "autorotated" images with width > height which was especially bad for TeX users. I hope this change helps the TeX community in better using jpeg2ps! jpeg2ps performs some sanity checks with the JPEG data. It detects several kinds of corrupt input data, but it is not absolutely foolproof. One special feature is that you can feed Macintosh JPEG files (PICT-JPEG) to jpeg2ps. These normally have several hundred bytes of additional stuff before the JPEG data. This PICT rubbish is simply ignored by jpeg2ps. Output modes ============ By default, jpeg2ps sends the image data in ASCII85 encoded form which is suitable for any communication channel (serial, parallel or whatever). If you are *sure* that your channel is truly 8-bit clean, you can force 8-bit data with the -b option. Note that this normally does not apply to 8-bit serial or even parallel channels since some control characters are reserved for the communications protocol. You can use binary data e.g.: - with some networked printers - with direct-access PostScript interpreters, e.g. Ghostscript or Distiller - serial or parallel channels using Binary Control Protocol (BCP). Using the -h option, jpeg2ps generates 7-bit clean data by using ASCIIHex encoding instead of the more space-efficient ASCII85 encoding. This is only useful for specialized applications, e.g. for debugging, since jpeg2ps requires PostScript Level 2 anyway, and ASCII85 is supported in any Level 2 interpreter. Scaling and resolution ======================

Concerning the size of the printed image, you have three options: Default behaviour: By default, doesn't change the image size and rotation. With the -a option, jpeg2ps tries to fit the image on the page, rotating it if necessary (image width exceeds image height) The image is scaled in a way to use at least one full edge of the paper. A 20 pt margin is subtracted on each side. "Page" means A4 size if compiled with "-DA4", letter size otherwise. The -p option may be used to select other page sizes. Using resolution value from the file: The option "-r 0" instructs jpeg2ps to look for a JFIF density/resolution marker and use that value. Automatic scaling and rotation are disabled. However, if no resolution information is found in the file, jpeg2ps applies the default algorithm described above. Explicitly setting the resolution: Using "-r <dpi>" you can force jpeg2ps to use a certain dpi value. Since automatic actions are also disabled in this case, you are responsible for choosing a reasonable resolution value. For example, you can print a 300 dpi image half-sized by supplying -r 600. Messages ======== jpeg2ps issues three kinds of messages: Notes: have informational character

Warnings: a potential problem with the file was recognized, processing continues. Errors: Either a severe problem within the JPEG file was found or the file explores JPEG features not compatible with PostScript Level 2.

Note that there are some JPEG producers which do not exactly conform to the specification and that the JPEG spec itself does not cover every aspect of the file format. You are on the safe side if you demand JFIF files which are happily accepted by jpeg2ps. (For further information see the JPEG FAQ by Tom Lane.) Adobe Photoshop CMYK files ========================== This is what the Independent JPEG Group has to say about Photoshop CMYK files (quoted from libjpeg.doc, part of the IJG JPEG library): > > > > > > > > > > > > CAUTION: it appears that Adobe Photoshop writes inverted data in CMYK JPEG files: 0 represents 100% ink coverage, rather than 0% ink as you'd expect. This is arguably a bug in Photoshop, but if you need to work with Photoshop CMYK files, you will have to deal with it in your application. We cannot "fix" this in the library by inverting the data during the CMYK<=>YCCK transform, because that would break other applications, notably Ghostscript. Photoshop versions prior to 3.0 write EPS files containing JPEG-encoded CMYK data in the same inverted-YCCK representation used in bare JPEG files, but the surrounding PostScript code performs an inversion using the PS image operator. I am told that Photoshop 3.0 will write uninverted YCCK in EPS/JPEG files, and will omit the PS-level inversion. (But the data polarity used in bare JPEG files will not change in 3.0.) In either case,

> the JPEG library must not invert the data itself, or else Ghostscript would > read these EPS files incorrectly. Accordingly, jpeg2ps tries to detect such files (by looking for Adobes APP marker) and inverts the colors in the case of 4-component images. This inversion takes place in the PostScript instructions, not by changing the actual image data. A Shameless Plug =============== My book contains a lot of information on PostScript, Fonts, and PDF (currently only available in German): Die PostScript- & PDF-Bibel Von Thomas Merz und Olaf Druemmer 654 Seiten, ISBN 3-935320-01-9 Kopublikation PDFlib GmbH/dpunkt Verlag http://www.pdflib.com/bibel e-mail orders: books@pdflib.com Related Software ================ Note that there is a related PostScript program called "viewjpeg.ps" which is part of the Ghostscript distribution. viewjpeg.ps operates similarly to jpeg2ps, but the PostScript interpreter does the "wrapping" of JPEG data itself. With viewjpeg.ps you can e.g. view JPEG files directly within GhostScript or another interpreter with access to the file system. Ghostscript can be found at http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost Disclaimer ========== This software is free. You are granted the right to use and copy it. This software may not be sold or bundled with any commercial package without express written permission of the author. The author accepts no responsibility this software and makes no warranty, not limited to, any implied warranty particular purpose. This software is when using it. for damages resulting from the use of either express or implied, including but of merchantability or fitness for a provided as is, and you assume all risks