Literatul'"e on tanks (Selected)

American Petroleum Institute, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage , API Standard 650, 7th Edition , Wash i ngton , D.C. , 1980. American Water Works Association, AWWA Standar d for Welded Steel Tanks for Water Sto r age , American Welding Society, Ne\IV England Water Works Association , AWWA D100-84, Denver, Colorado , March 1985.

Becher B,

Becher H, Becher H . Gas Tanks ,

MIT Press, September 1993.

Bell RA, Ivvakiri J. Settlement comparison used in tank- failure study , Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE , 1980; 106 (2): 153-169.

Brovvn GD, Peterson WG. Failure of an oil storage tank founded on sensitive marine clay, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1964; 1 : 205-214.
Clark JS. Survey of oil tank failure . Annales de !"Institute Beige du Petrol. 1969 : No.6. 15-24. D'Orazio T. Ducan JM . Bell RA. Distortion of steel tank due to settlement of their vvalls , Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE . 1989; 115 (6): 871-890. D'Orazio T . Ducan JM. Differential settlements in steel tanks. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE. 1987; 113 (9): 967-983. EI-Zeiny, A.A . Nonlinear Time-Dependent Seismic Response of Unanchored Liquid Storage Tanks . Ph.D. Dissertation , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California. Irvine, 1995. Flores, F. G. and Godoy. L A . (1991). "Instability of shells of revo l ution using ALREF: Studies forvvind loaded shells. " Sea and in the Air, J . F . Jullien (Ed . ), Elsevier Applied Science, Oxford. 213-222. Flores. F. G. and Godoy, L A . (1998). "Buckling of short tanks due to hurricanes. " In: Buckling of Shells in Land, in the

J . Engineering Structures , 20(8) . 752-760.

Godoy LA. Mendez JC. Buckling of aboveground storage tanks vvith conical roof. In: Thin-Walled Structures: Advances and Developments. Ed. J. Zaras. K, Kovval-Michalska and J . Rhodes, Elsevier, Oxford, 2001: 661-668. Godoy LA, Portela G. Sosa EM , Suarez LE, Virella JC, Zapata R. Damage due to buckling in abov eground storage tanks. Proc. III Int. Conf. on the Behavior of Structures vvith Damage , DAMSTRUC 2002, Ed. P. Castro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , July, 2002 . Godoy LA, Sosa EM . Deflections of thin-vvalled storage tanks vvith roof due to localized support settlement, Proc. Engineering and Mechanics . Techno-Press. Seoul, Korea, 2002 . II Int. Conf. on Advances in Structural

Green PA. Hight DW. The failure of t\No oil storage tanks caused by differential settlement. Proceedings of the Conference on Settlement of Structures . British Geotechnical Society, Cambridge, England, 1964: 353-360. Greiner, R. and Derler, P. (1995). "Effect of imperfections on vvind loaded cylindrical shells." Thin-Walled Structures, 23, 271-281 . Hanson, R.D . Behavior of Liquid Storage Tanks, Report, National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., 1973 , pp. 331-339 . Haroun , M.A. , and Housner, G .W .. Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks. Journal of Technical Councils , ASCE . Vol. 107, April 1981 , pp. 191-207. Haroun , M.A. , Behavior of Unanchored Oil Storage Tanks: Imperial Valley Earthquake . Journal of Technical Topics in Civil Engineering , Vol. 109. April 1983, pp.23-40. Housner. G., The D y namic Behavior of Water Tanks, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. Vol. 53 , 1963, pp. 381-387. Jonaidi M, Ansourian P. Harmonic settlement effects on uniform and tapered tank shells, Thin-Walled Structures. 1998; 31 : 237-255. Kamyab H , Palmer SC. Analysis of displacements and stresses in oil storage tanks caused by differential settlement. Proceedings of Institutional Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science . 1989; 203: 60-70 . Kundurpi, P. S., Samavedam , G. Division . 101 ( 5), 517-530. and Johns, D. J. ( 1975) . "Stability of cantilever shells under vvind loads." ASCE Journal of the Engineering Mechanics

Maher, F. J. ( 1966) "Wind loads on dome-cylinder and dome-cone shapes", ASCE Journal of the Structural Division, 92 ( 5), pp. 7 9-96. Malik Z, Morton J, Ruiz C. Ovalization of cylindrical tanks as a result of foundation settlement, Journal of Strain Analysis, 1977; 12: 339-348. Manos, G . C., and Clough, R.W., Tank Damage During the Coalinga Earthquake, International Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics . Vol. 13. July 1985. pp. 449-466 . Marr A, Ramos JA, Lambe TW. Criteria fo r settl ement of tanks , Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE , 1982; 108 (8 ): 1017-1039. Megson, T. H. G . Harrop. J. and Miller. M. N. ( 1987) "The stability of large diameter thin-vvalled steel tanks subjected to vvind loading" . In Stability of Plate and Shell Structures . Proc. ECCS Colloquium, P. Dubas and D. Vandepitte (Eds.) , University of Ghent. Belgium, 529-538 . Myers P. Abov eground Storage Tanks , McGravv-HiII, Nevv York, 1997: 519-562. National Society for Earthquake Engineering, Seismic Design of Storage Tanks , Recommendations of a Study Group of the Nevv Zealand Nationa l Society for Earthquake Engineering , December 1986. Onate . E., Zienkievvicz, O. C . Suarez . B. and Taylor. R . L. ( 1993). "A methodology for deriving shear constrained Reissner-Mindlin plate elements." Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Engineeri ng. 33 . 345-367. Purdy, D. M. , Maher, F. J. and Frederick, D. ( 1967) "Model studies of vvind loads on flat-top cylinders", ASCE Journal of the Structural D ivision . 93(2 ). pp . 3 7 9-395. Resinger, F. and Greiner, R . ( 1982). " Buck ling of vvind-Ioaded cylindrical shells: Application to unstiffened and ring-stiffened tanks." In Buckling of Shells, E . Rami'll (Ed .) , Springer-V erlag, Berlin. 305-331. Rinne . J.E., The Prince William Sound, Alaska . Earthquake of 1964. and Aftershocks . Vol. II , Part A, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1967, pp. 245-252. Rish, R. F. (1967 ) . " Forces in cylindrical shells due to vvind", Proc. Institution of Civ il Engineers , 36, pp. 791-803. Schmidt, H., Binder, B. and Lange, H. (1998). "Postbuckling strength design of open thin-vvalled cylindrical tanks under vvind load." Thin-Walled Structures , 31, 203-220 . Uematsu, Y . and Uchiyama. Aerody namics. 18 , 245-261. K . (1985). "Deflections and buckling behavior of thin, circular shells under vvind-Ioads." J . W ind Engineeri ng and Industrial

Yamada, S. and Croll, J. G. A . ( 1993). "Buckling and postbuckling characteristics of pressure-loaded cylinders" . ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 60 , 290-299.

Selected specific comrnents Philip E . Myers ! Hardcover ! McGravv-HiII Professional ! April 1997. From the publisher: The one reference devoted e x clusiv ely to ASTs , this boo k assembles the most critical information on the subject in a single convenient v olume. The result is an ideal tool for chemical, env ironmental, and civil engineers, as vvell as management a n d gov ernment personnel and others concerned vvith the regulatory i ssues gov erning ASTs. Section by section, this complete reference thoroughly e x amines and clarifies various types of storage media and their applications; fundamental envi ronmental engineering concerns ; industrial codes and standards for ASTs; AST design considerations ; the proper construction, fabrication . and erection of tanks; and the oftenconfusing requirements designed to keep ASTs environmentally sound . Becher B, Becher H, Becher H. Gas Tanks , MIT Press, September 1993. From the publisher : The Bechers' industrial vision has become an essential part of the vvay vve see today; their head-on, deadpan photographs of pithead gear, vvater tovvers, and blast furnaces hav e for more than 30 years expressed a serenely cool, r i gorous approach that reduces the individual structures they photograph to v ariations on an ideal form. In this . their latest vvork. the Bechers present four principally different forms of gas holders or gas tanks in 102 photographs taken during the years 1963- 1992 in Great Britain, France, Belgium. Germany. and the United States . The subjects are photographed under overcast skies that eliminate expressive variations in lighting; the Bechers make no attempt to analyze or explain thern. Captions contain only the barest of informati on: time and place. On the subject of gas holders, the Bechers limit their remarks to a minimal functional description, leaving the esthetic dimension of their subject to the photographs themselves: much of the fascination of these photographs lies in the fact that these unadorned metallic structures , presumably built vvith little concern for their v isual impact, are almost invariably striking in appearance. Bernd and Hilla Becher teach at the Dusseldorf Art Academy. They began their collaborativ e photographic enterprise in 1957, vvhen they did a study of vvorke r s' houses in their native Germany. The Bechers follovv in a distinguished line of German photographers that includes August Sander, Albert Renger-Patzsch, and Werner Manz, all of vvhom contributed in different vva y s to the definition of "objective" photography. Water Tanks . For more than 25 years. the West German artists Bernd and Hilla Beche r have been photographing vvater tovvers vvith a zeal that verges on the obsessive . W orking in a nearly deadpan style that is carefully calibrated to convince us of their objectivity, they have assembled an unprecedented archive of industrial architecture . . . . As the architectural historian Reyner Banham notes in his forevv ord, their images 'avoid the standard rhetorics of flattery and approval that hav e been the preferred language of architectural photography' since its beginnings . Instead, these photographs add up to a dispassionate survey of an o v erlooked . undervalued arena of human invention--one that provokes a mixture of avve. amusement and melancholy . These 223 b lack and vvhite photographs of vvater tovvers in Europe and America vvere taken over the past t\Nenty-five years. 'Tvv o short essays b y curator of photographs Westin Neff and architectural historian Re y ner Banham {endea v or} to introduce the vvork and place it vvithin the arena of contemporary art and photography." (Antioch Rev)