PREPARED BY : MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN AMIRUDDIN (SBPI Rawang) (4 JANNATUL KHULDI)

INDEX
No. 1 2 Contents Meaning Of Alloys Examples Of Pure Metals and Material Made Up Of Alloys in Daily Life Strength and Hardness Comparison between Pure Metals and Alloys Arrangement Of Atoms in Metals and Alloys Purpose Of Making Alloys Page

4 5

MEANING OF ALLOYS
Alloys are two soft metals can be mixed together to make a stronger metal called ALLOY. An ALLOY is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition in which the major component is a metal. Most pure metals are soft and weak. The properties of pure metals can be improved by making them into alloys. The aim of making alloys is to make them stronger, harder, resistant to corrosion, have a better furnish and lustre.

Examples Of Pure Metals and Material Made Up Of Alloys in Daily Life

Alloy High carbon steel Composition 99% iron 1% carbon Stainless steel 80.6% iron 0.4% carbon 18%chromium 1% nickel Brass 70% copper 30% zinc Bronze 90% copper 10% tin Pewter 90% tin 2.5% copper 0.5% antimony Duralumin 95% aluminium 4% copper 1%magnesium Cupronickel 75%copper 25%nickel Attractive, silvery Making of silver coins appearance, hard and tough Light, strong and durable Hard, do not rust, bright appearance Hard, do not corrode easily and durable Ductile and malleable, white silvery appearance Making of ornaments, electrical wiring and plug. For casting bells, medals, swords and statues Making of ornaments, souvenirs and mugs Making part of aircrafts and racing cars Properties Uses

Strong,hard and high Making of cutting tools, hammers wear resistance and chisels Do not rust and tarnish, strong and durable Making of surgical instrument, knives forks and spoons

Strength and Hardness Comparison between Pure Metals and Alloys

Arrangement Of Atoms in Metals and Alloys

1. 2. The atom of pure metals are packed together closely. This causes the metal to have a hight density The forces of attraction between atoms (metallic bonds) are strong. More heat energy is needed to overcome the metallic bond so that the atoms are further apart during the melting. This is why metals usually have hight melting point. Heat energy can be transferred easily from one atom to the next by vibration. This make metal good conduct of heat. The freely moving outermost electrons within the metals structure are able to conduct electricity. Metal are, therefore, good electrical conductors. Since atoms of pure metal are of the same size, they are arranged orderly in a regular layered pattern. When a force is applied to metal, layer of atom slide easily over one another. This make pure metals soft, malleable and ductile.
Layer of atom slide

3. 4. 5.

Force

Metals are ductile

Force

The shape of the metal change

Purpose Of Making Alloys

1. The purposes of making alloys include the following: a) Increase the strength i. Pure iron is soft and vary malleable. When a small amount of carbon is added to iron, an alloy, steal is formed. The more carbon is added, the stronger the steel becomes. ii. Pure aluminium is light but not strong. With a small amount of copper and magnesium are added to aluminium, a strong, light and durable alloy call duralumin is produced. b) Improving the resistance to corrosion i. Iron rust easily but stainless steel which contains 80.6% of iron, 0.4% of carbon, 18% of chromium and 1% of nickel does not rush. These properties make stainless steel suitable for making surgical instrument and cutlery. ii. Pure copper tarnish easily. When zinc (30%) is added, the yellow alloy which is known as brass develops a high resistance to corrosion. c) Enhancing the appearance i. Pewter, an alloy of tin (97%), antimony and copper is not only hard but also has a more beautiful white silvery appearance. ii. When copper is mixed with nickel to form cupronickel, an alloy that has an attractive silvery, bright appearance is formed which is suitable for making coins.