ABDOMEN and ACUTE ABDOMINAL SERIES ROUTINE POSITIONS: AP (K.U.B., Flatplate) AP Abdomen (K.U.B.) 1. 14 X 17 film 2. Patient supine 3.

Cassette is placed so that the pubic bone is at the bottom of the film. 4. Bucky or grid if patient is unable to be moved. 5. 40" SID 6. Central Ray is perpendicular to the film. 7. Expiration ADDITIONAL VIEWS: Upright, Decubitus, Lateral Upright Abdomen 1. 14 x 17 film 2. Patient is in an AP ERECT POSITION (allow time for free air to rise). 3. Place top of cassette to the axilla (diaphragms must be demonstrated). 4. Bucky 5. 40" SID 6. Central Ray: horizontal, parallel with the fluid level, even if patient isn't completely 90 degrees upright. 7. Expiration Decubitus Abdomen 1. 14 x 17 film 2. Patient is placed in a recumbent left lateral position (allow time for free air to rise). 3. Place the top of film at axilla (diaphragms must be demonstrated). 4. Upright bucky or grid. 5. 40" SID 6. Central Ray: perpendicular to film. 7. Expiration Lateral Abdomen 1. 14 x 17 film 2. Patient is placed in a recumbent left lateral position. 3. Bucky

4. 40" SID 5. Central Ray: perpendicular to film. 6. Centering point - level of crest. 7. Expiration ACUTE ABDOMINAL SERIES (A.A.S.) ROUTINE POSITIONS: PA chest, AP abdomen, AP upright PA chest 1. 14 x 17 film 2. Patient upright 3. Patient's chin is extended with their hands on hips and shoulders rolled forward. 4. 72" FFD 5. Central Ray: perpendicular to film. 6. Deep inspiration AP (K.U.B.) 1. 14 x 17 film 2. Patient supine 3. Cassette is placed so that the pubic bone is at the bottom of the film. 4. Bucky or grid if patient is unable to move. 5. 50" FFD 6. Central Ray: perpendicular to the film. 7. Expiration Upright 1. 14 x 17 film 2. Patient erect 3. Cassette is placed at the axilla (diaphragms must be demonstrated). 4. Bucky 5. 40" FFD 6. Central Ray: horizontal, parallel with the fluid level, even if the patient isn't completely 90 degrees upright. 7. Expiration

AIR CONTRAST BARIUM ENEMA (ACBE) SUPPLIES: Air Contrast Bag with 500 cc of heavy barium (Polibar). VIEWS: K.U.B. (Scout) * CHECK WITH RADIOLOGIST BEFORE CONTINUING* Right Lateral Decubitus Left Lateral Decubitus Cross Fire Lateral Recto-Sigmoid Area PA AP 30 degree Cephalic PA 30 degree Caudal AP RPO 45 degrees LPO 45 degrees Post Evac ALL FILMS ON 14 X 17, EXCEPT RECTUM VIEWS, 10 X 12 FILMS. ALL FILMS TAKEN ON EXPIRATION. Prelim K.U.B. 1. Patient supine 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. Center at crest Right Lateral Decubitus 1. Patient recumbent in right lateral position. 2. Horizontal beam 3. Grid 4. Center to iliac crest. 5. 40" SID 6. Center beam to grid. Left Lateral Decubitus Positioned the same as Right Lateral Decubitus except patient is on left side. PA 1. Patient prone 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. Center at crest.

AP 30 Degree Cephalic (Up-Shot) 1. Patient supine 2. Central Ray: angled 30 degree cephalic, center to ASIS 3. Bucky 4. 40" SID 5. To demonstrate sigmoid colon. PA 30 Degree Caudal (Down-Shot) 1. Patient is prone 2. Central Ray: angled 30 degree caudal, center to ASIS 3. Bucky 4. 40" SID 5. To demonstrate sigmoid colon. AP 1. Patient supine 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. To demonstrate transverse colon and flexures. 5. Center to iliac crest. RPO 1. Patient recumbent in a 45 degree RPO position. 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. To demonstrate splenic flexure 5. Center at crest LPO 1. Patient recumbent in a 45 degree LPO position. 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. To demonstrate hepatic flexure. 5. Center at crest Lateral Rectum Cross-Fire 1. Patient prone 2. Horizontal beam 3. Grid (10 x 12) 4. 40" SID 5. Film to include Recto-Sigmoid area. 6. *Deflate balloon on enema tip before exposure. 7. Center midaxillary plane midway between ASIS and posterior sacrum.

Post Evac Position the same as Scout. *110 KVP should always be used on adults. ** 90 KVP should always be used on infants. ***Always check films with Radiologist before patient is allowed to evac. BARIUM ENEMA FULL COLUMN SUPPLIES: Enema bag mixed with room temperature water. VIEWS: K.U.B. (Scout) RPO 45 degree LPO 45 degree Left Lateral Abdomen for Flexures Left Lateral Abdomen for Rectum PA PA Sigmoid 30 degree Caudal Tube Angle, (or) due to patient condition A.P. 30 degree Cephalic. Post Evac All films in 14 x 17 except rectum views 10 x 12. All films taken on expiration. Scout K.U.B. 1. Patient supine 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. Center at iliac cres 5. Include Symphysis Pubis RPO 45 degree 1. Patient recumbent, rotated 45 degrees with right side down. 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. To demonstrate splenic flexure 5. Center iliac crest. L.P.O. 45 degree 1. Patient recumbent, rotated 45 degrees with left side down.

2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. To demonstrate splenic flexure 5. Center iliac crest. Left Lateral for Flexures 1. Patient recumbent in left lateral position. 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. Center to include flexures. 5. Center at iliac crest. Left Lateral Rectum 1. Patient recumbent in left lateral position. 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. Center to include rectum 5. Deflate tip, midaxillary plane between ASIS and posterior sacrum PA 1. Patient prone 2. Bucky 3. 40" SID 4. Center to include flexures as well as rectum. 5. Center at iliac crest PA Sigmoid (Can be done A.P. due to patient condition) 1. 11 x 14 film 2. Patient prone or supine. 3. Bucky 4. 40" SID 5. Center to include sigmoid colon, PA exits ASIS, AP enters ASIS 6. Central Ray: PA 30 degree caudally, AP 30 degree cephalic Post Evac Position the same as the scout. *110 KVP should be used on adults. **90 KVP should be used on infants. ***Always check films with radiologist before allowing patient to evac.

Introduction to Medical Terminology

Objectives
On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the fundamental word elements used to build medical terms. Identify and give the meaning of selected prefixes that pertain to position or placement, numbers and amounts, and those that are descriptive and used in general. Identify and give the meaning of selected word elements that pertain to weights and measures. Identify and give the meaning of selected suffixes that pertain to pathologic conditions, those used in diagnostic and surgical procedures, and those that are used in general. List three guidelines that will assist you with the identification and spelling of medical words. Identify and give the meaning of selected word elements that pertain to color. Analyze, build, spell, and pronounce selected medical words. Successfully complete the review section.