CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SPEED CONTROL OF D.C.

SHUNT MOTOR :

KW RPM ARMATURE VOLTAGE ARMATURE CURRENT FIELD VOLTAGE

INSULATION ENCLOSURE FIELD CURRENT

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

SPEED CONTROL OF D.C. SHUNT MOTOR

AIM: To control the speed of the D.C. Shunt Motor by means of Field and Armature control methods and to draw their corresponding speed characteristics. APPARATUS REQUIRED:S.No 1 2 3 4 5 THEORY: In Shunt Motor, as speed is inversely proportional to flux, speed can be increased by decreasing the flux, hence the name flux control method, the speed of a D.C Motor can be changed by changing I sh is relatively small, shunt field current rheostat has to carry a small current which measures I2 R losses which is small. So that rheostat is small in size. This method is thereby very efficient. In interpose machine the speed can be Increased in ratio 6 : 1. In interpole machine it can be adjusted in 2 : 1 ratio. The speed of a D.C. motor is given by the equation Name of the Equipment Type Range Ammeter M.C 02A Voltmeter M.C 0 300V Rheostat Wire wound 50 / 5A Rheostat Wire wound 360 / 1.2A Tachometer Digital 0 10,000 rpm Qty. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No.

V I a Ra k V I a Ra

---------- (1)

Where N = Speed of the motor in rpm V = Applied voltage in volts Ia = Armature circuit current in amps Ra = Armature circuit resistance in ohms = Flux per pole in webers. From equation (1) it is observed that the speed can be controlled by varying 1. Field flux or field current. 2. Armature circuit resistance (Ra) 3. Applied voltage (V) ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD: This method is used when speed is below rated speed. As supply voltage is normally constant the voltage across the armature is constant the voltage across the armature is varied by inserting a variable rheostat at a resistance in series with armature as controller resistance is increased the potential difference across the armature is decreased there by decreasing the armature speed. PROCEDURE: 1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

2) Give the supply to the motor by closing DPST switch. 3) Start the motor with the help of starter. 4) Adjust the speed of the motor to its rated value by varying either field ( or ) armature rheostat as per the requirement. FIELD CONTROL METHOD: 1. In field control method vary the rheostat in such a way that speed is increases to 1600 rpm. 2. Repeat the step until the speed is reached to 2000 rpm. 3. Then vary the rheostat to its previous position i.e 1500 rpm speed postion. 4. Note down all the readings for each step. TABULATION FOR FLUX CONTROL METHOD: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD: 1. In this method vary the armature rheostat until you get 1400 rpm speed. Note down the voltmeter reading. 2. Follow the above method in steps of 100rpm until you get 1000 rpm. TABULATION FOR ARMATURE CONTROL METHOD: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Precautions:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Model Graphs:Flux Control Method:Armature Control Method:Connections should be tight. Take the readings without parallax error. Fuses should be properly rated. The operation of the 3 Point starter should be slow and uniform. Armature rheostat should be connected in maximum position initially. Field rheostat should be minimum resistance position. Speed inRPM Back emf Eb in Volts Speed inRPM Field current in Amperes

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

Result:- Hence the speed of motor is controlled by using armature controlled and field control methods.

VIVA QUESTIONS
1) What are the different speed control methods of D.C shunt motor? 2) Which method do you prefer for obtaining speeds above the normal speed? 3) What is the relation between speed and field flux? 4) Write the equation to the speed? 5) If the armature resistance increases then what will happen to the speed of the motor? 6) If the field current increases then what will happen to the speed of the motor?

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

SWINBURNES TEST

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SWINBURNS TEST CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR CONDUCTING DROP TEST Ra :

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

SWINBURNS TEST
AIM: To predetermine the efficiency of D.C .Machine by conducting Swinburns Test, at full load, half full load full load and full load When the machine is working as a generator as well as motor. APPARATUS: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 THEORY:Swinburns test is also known as no-load test or losses method. It is a simple method in which losses are measured separately and from their knowledge, efficiency at any desired load can be predetermined in advance. The only running test needed is no-load test. However, the test is applicable to those machines in which flux is practically constant. In calculating armature cu losses hot resistance of armature should be used A stationary measured of armature Ckt resistance of the room temperature of say 150C is mode by passing through the armature from a low voltage D.C supply. 1). It is convenient and economical because power required to test large machines is small 2). The efficiency at any load can be predetermined because constant losses are known. Name of the Equipment Type Range Ammeter M.C 02A Ammeter M.C 0 5A Voltmeter M.C 0 300V Voltmeter M.C 0 30V Rheostat Wire wound 50 / 5A Rheostat Wire wound 360 / 1.2A Tachometer Digital 0 10,000 rpm Qty. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No.

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

PROCEDURE: 1. 2. 3. 4. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. Give the supply to the motor by closing DPST. Switch. Start the motor with the help of 3-Point starter. Adjust the speed of the motor to its rated value by using either by armature or field rheostat. 5. Note down all the meter readings. 6. Remove the connections and connect the circuit for drop-test. 7. Apply voltage 30 volts to the motor by using regulated power supply. 8. Note down voltmeter, ammeter readings. 9. Vary the rheostat and take 4 different readings. 10. Find out armature resistance by taking the average value of above readings . 11. By using above readings. Calculate the efficiency of the given machine for full load, full load, th full load, th full load for both running as motor as well as generator and draw the necessary graphs TABULATION: S.No. Line Current Field current Voltage in IA = IO ISH ( IO ) ( ISH Amp) ( VO ) 1.

For Drop Test ( Ra) :S.No. Voltage ( V ) Current in ( A ) Armature Resistance Ra = V / I 1 2 3 4 AVERAGE = Model Calculations: CONSTANT LOSSES ( WC ) = VOIO I2ARA TABULATION FOR MOTOR: S.No Load IL (A) V INPUT ( VIL ) Ia = IL ISH WC Cu. Losses(WCU) Ia2 Ra O/P = I/P
LOSSES( Wcu + Wc)

[ IA = IO +ISH For GEN : IA = IO ISH For MOT]

Efficiency = Output/In put

1. 2. 3.

FULL 19.5 3/4 1/2

220

14.625 220 9.75 220

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

4.

1/4

4.87

220

TABULATION FOR GENERATOR :

S.No

Load

IL (A)

Out put ( VIL )

Ia = IL + Ish

Cu.Losss (WCU) Ia2 Ra

WC

I/P = O/P + LOSSES

( Wcu + Wc)

Efficiency = Output/Inp ut

1. 2. 3. 4.

FULL 3/4 1/2 1/4

19.5 14.62 5 9.75 4.87

220 220 220 220

Model Graphs:-

Precautions:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Connections should be tight. Take the readings without parallax error. Fuses should be properly rated . The operation of the 3-Point starter. Should be slow and uniform. Armature rheostat should be connected in maximum position initially. Field rheostat should be minimum resistance position.

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima

Result:The experiment on the given D.C Machine was done and determined the efficiency at Full,3/4th,1/2 full load, full load when the machine is working as a generator and as well as motor and necessary graphs were drawn.

VIVA QUESTIONS
1. What is the difference between determination and pre determination? 2. Swinburnes test is also known as _________________ 3. In Swinburnes test generator or motor efficiency is higher? 4. On what type of DC machines can we conduct Swinburnes test? 5. By conducting Swinburnes test which losses we are finding? 6. Can we conduct Swinburnes test on DC series machine?

EM1LAB,BVCR,RAJAHMUNDRY Prepared by K. Nagesh & V.D.Neelima