1/25/2009

UNISA

SOM401M-LECTURE NOTES 2009-01

Deflections of beams | Mashilo Nkgoeng

Chapter 9-Gere and Goodno

This topic is covered in chapter 9 and 10 of the prescribed textbook. The determination of beam slopes and deflections by simple integration or Macaulays methods requires knowledge of certain conditions for various loading systems in order that the constants of integration can be evaluated. These conditions are as follows: Deflections at supports are assumed to be zero unless otherwise stated. Slopes at built-in supports are assumed to be zero unless otherwise stated. Slope at the centre of symmetrically loaded and supported beam is zero. Bending moments at the free ends of a beam are zero.

We will be concentrating in determining slopes and deflections for beams that are not simply loaded. The simply loaded beams were discussed in SOM381B already. We will be tackling the following: Beams with more than two reactions Linearly varying distributed loads Parabolically varying distributed loads, etc.

In this first instalment of a series of notes, I would like you to read chapter 9 and 10. I will not follow some of the methods used in the textbook and the reason for this is to show you that there are different ways of arriving at a common solution.

Sample problem 1 and 2

Determine the equations for the slope and deflection of the following loaded beams:

Figure 1-Problem 1

Figure 2-Problem 2

Solution to Sample Problem 2 We need to first determine the reactions but of great importance is the reaction on the left. Let us take moments about point B and taking the anticlockwise moments as positive:

Sum Of the forces in the upward direction are taken as positive and is equal to the following:

The next step is to determine the slope of the diagram. This is found to be

. This slope is going

to help us in the moment equation that we are going to write below as the basis of our derivation. We now cut the beam at a distance x from the left hand support as follows:

Figure 3-Solution to Sample problem 2

Taking moments about the X-X section

[ ] [ ] [ ] The boundary conditions are as follows: At At

[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ]

[ ]

The equation for the slope is therefore found by substituting the value of the constant of integration as follows: ( ) [ [ ] [ ] ]

The equation for the deflection is found in a similar manner as follows: ( ) [ [ ] [ ] ]

Your task is to try Sample problem 2. I will do the problem in the following week when we cover the section on continuous beams. A hint on how to determine the reactions on the left for sample problem 2 ( )

This should get you going. What to study in chapter 9 Section 9.2: Differential equations of the deflection curve Section 9.3: Deflections by integration of the bending-moment equation Section 9.4: Deflections by integration of the shear-force and load equations Section 9.8: Strain energy of bending Section 9.9: Castiglianos theorem