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Picture credit: New Scientist Magazine

Contents

Table of Contents
Briefing Note ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Broadband Commission for Digital Development .............................................................................. 8 Membership ........................................................................................................................................ 9 National Broadband Network ........................................................................................................... 10 2007 federal election ........................................................................................................................ 14 Rudd Government............................................................................................................................. 14 Global Energy Network Institute....................................................................................................... 15 Renewable Energy Interconnected Global Grid................................................................................ 15 Smart Grid ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Club of Rome..................................................................................................................................... 19 Fossil-fuel phase-out ......................................................................................................................... 20 Australia ............................................................................................................................................ 20 DESERTEC/GRENATEC ....................................................................................................................... 21 A Global Green Energy Revolution..................................................................................................... 23 DESERTEC Foundation, in its own words .......................................................................................... 25 Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC) ........................................................ 26 German Aerospace Center................................................................................................................ 26 SuperSmart Grid................................................................................................................................ 27 Wide Area Synchronous Grid ............................................................................................................ 27 European super grid.......................................................................................................................... 28 Unified Smart Grid ............................................................................................................................ 29 The International Energy Agency (IEA) ............................................................................................. 30

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Briefing Note
With the passing of the Carbon Tax in Australia; a new set of dynamics have set into motion, namely the funding of the Australian Smart Grid, a new super bureaucracy with special powers of policing emissions and right to entry, the funding of the UNs bureaucracy with the funds extracted from the Carbon Tax (CT), the development of new technologies to enable the functioning of the global smart grid (Smart Grid Australia or SGA), the integration of synergy technologies such Information technology, Robotics, VR, neural implants, AI, Mechanics, Networking and Medicine to name a few. However it is easy to get lost in the mountain of details, the most important question of all, what is the direction and the final destination of these observed events? It is to create a globally controlled, planned entity which integrates technology, ideology, laws, government, police force, economic resources inclusive of people. A global singularity, a new form of technological collectivism

Time Magazine issue year 2045 (cybernetic connection from the brain to internet), Ray Kurzweils book The Singularity is Near.

The issue facing people is that the finer details hide the major direction of the aggregated trends. This is the vision of the future for Humanity and the planet. It is not mere sciencefiction imagination; it is a deliberate mega trend of the national social systems to form a global social system through integration on multiple levels.

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Transhumanism has well-endowed funders, they are training tomorrows future leaders at the Singularity University and promoters of the H+ Movement among young people with its vision of Techno Utopia.

The UNs goal to manage the global population is by using the smart grid for its many purposes; to control the energy, internet, taxation, information flows, allocation of resources, surveillance, monitor its subjects. With the rise of the Occupy Movement a new observation has come to the fore, the existence of a militarising police force at global level, interacting via international law which allows cooperation to coordination the national police forces. Technology enables surveillance of citizens at low cost and wide in scope.

The revealing character of Technocracy is the control, rationing, planning of energy use. The Zeitgeist Movement and Venus Project have repackaged this concept in their deceptively named RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMY. Technocracy is the governing system being built by the United Nations.

The undercurrents cited above seems to have a particular turning point with the events of 911, the subsequent militarisation of the society in America, the spin-off military technology of surveillance reaching consumer products. The war effort has funded the progression of technological development to deployment to the civilian market. The Police State generates a source of profits to reinforce itself by government demand and the meek acceptance of citizens.

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The naming of this end process as being a Cyborg Planet. It is in relation to the effect that technology, environment and Humanity are being integrated into a global whole in progressive steps. Cyborgisation. The Singularity referred to by Ray Kurzweil (The Singularity Is Near), Transhumanists, Venus Project (Cybernation) and the Zeitgeist Movement (descendants of Technocracy and the deceptive-name Resource-based economy, energy use economy, aligned with the UNs Sustainable Development). Different names are produced but the concept each time is a super organism. While the push for the Smart Grid, Carbon Tax and its Environmentalism has come from the radical, progressive or reformist side of politics, this is not full story; transnationals, Big Business, business leaders, academics, scientists, and what has come to be known as NeoLiberal ideology have congruent goals with this thrust towards this global project (weakening the nation-state in favour of a global state as a result). These are associated to ordinary conservative politics. It is not known whether traditional politics can understand this and devise a strategy to resolve issue.

The GENI amp and the context of the NBN, DESERTEC and the Smart Grid Australia

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From left to right: Nicola Roxon, Federal Health Minister, Cloud Computing, federal agenda supported by the NBN, eHealth and RFID chip by Verisign

The final point of no return is the integration of RFID technology (chipping) of humans, trackable throughout the Smart Grid (Internet of Things), its National Broadband Network (NBN) and the regulation of power with Smart Meter technology. These a fledging totalitarian tendencies, while science and technology may be value-free, it comes to the political and social goals they are employed in. .

From top left, extract from the NSW Health Dept, implanted RFID, the new wave of RFID attachable film-thick RFID tag.

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The existing concentration of power, consequent to economic and political centralisation was raised earlier in October 2011, by the New Scientist article (Revealed the capitalist network that runs the world, 24/10/ 2011)) on its network of transnationals that dominate the bulk of global economic activity. To bring the Smart Grid and its system of integration rationalises and entrenches this emerging form of new governance on several levels. The United Nations Broadband Commission will eventually control this global technological infrastructure in the expected post-national world government with machine-like efficiency, making an insurrection by any isolated group, movement and people near-impossible. However the UN sells this concept as a development goal for the Third World. The final point is the creation of an Artilect (a form of evolving, self-aware artificial intelligence, Hugo De Garis) which could be unleashed into the Smart Grid to fully automate the global control process. This caps the Cyborg planet concept cited above, an integrated biological, technological and environmental global system incorporating Humanity.

Hugo De Garis and the Artilect War: Sci-Fi however hypothetical result of current technocratic trends on integration and Artificial Intelligence. The key issue is when Human Decision-making is replaced by Artificial Intelligence for a number of reasons.

It is up to the reader to make the difference, it is my sincere hope that Humanity will see bright days again. Fight The Good Humanity Sydney, Australia, 24 December 2011

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Broadband Commission for Digital Development

The Broadband Commission for Digital Development was established in May 2010 as a joint initiative by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

The National Broadband Network in context with the UNs Broadband Commission and Big Business.

Its stated purpose is to promote the deployment of high-speed, high-capacity broadband connections to the Internet as an essential part of modern infrastructure, with considerable economic and social benefits in countries at every stage of development.

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In particular, the Broadband Commission states that broadband networks are uniquely powerful tools for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were announced by the United Nations in 2000 and have a target date of 2015. The Broadband Commission believes that progress towards the MDGs can be significantly accelerated by using broadband networks to improve the delivery of services across a huge range of social and business sectors.

Membership
In addition to its chairs and vice-chairs, the Broadband Commission has 54 Commissioners from around the world. They represent governments, relevant industries, academia and international agencies concerned with development. They include well-known figures such as Professor Jeff Sachs, Dr Vinton Cerf and Professor Muhammad Yunus. Activities In September 2010, the Broadband Commission presented its initial findings to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, in a meeting in New York ahead of the UN summit on the MDGs.

These findings were in a report A 2010 Leadership Imperative: The Future Built on Broadband, which includes recommendations as a blueprint for broadband deployment. One of the key messages is that governments and the private sector must work together to create an environment that encourages the provision of broadband to all communities and sustains its use. The report also emphasizes that a coordinated approach to the deployment of broadband networks must be taken at the national level, so that the full benefits can be gained by all sectors of an economy and society. The Broadband Commission continues its advocacy work, including in specific areas such as e-government, e-health and e-education that can be delivered by broadband. Information Resource On its website, the Broadband Commission provides a Sharehouse where case studies, research reports and other relevant materials on broadband can be viewed. Bmore campaign The B more with Broadband campaign is endorsed by the Broadband Commission in order to promote its message and raise awareness of the importance of broadband. Campaign materials, including video, are freely available for downloading.
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References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ^ http://www.broadbandcommission.org/about.html ^ http://www.broadbandcommission.org/about.html ^ http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml ^ http://www.broadbandcommission.org/outcomes.html ^ http://www.broadbandcommission.org/outcomes.html

External links

www.broadbandcommission.org www.itu.int www.unesco.org www.un.org/millenniumgoals http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Commission_for_Digital_Development

National Broadband Network


The National Broadband Network (NBN) is a future open-access, wholesale-only national data network in Australia. Up to one gigabit per second connections are sold to retail service providers (RSP), who then sells Internet access and other services to consumers. The formation of a "national broadband network" by governments and industry stakeholders was one of the recommendations from a broadband policy report in January 2003.

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The Synergies of the National Broadband Network: Internet Communications, Electricity generation and rationing, Smart Grid management and e-Healths databases.

While in opposition and during the 2007 election, the Labor Party's broadband plan was the construction of a fibre to the node (FTTN) network in partnership with the private sector. The Coalition's policy in government and later in opposition is to fill the "gaps" in the current networks where commercial solutions were not viable.

The expected reach of the NBN into providing phone service, wireless and via the smart meters control of smart appliances power use

The Rudd Government issued a request for proposals (RFP) to build the NBN following the election win, however, later terminated it in April 2009 as none of the bidders met the requirements. The Rudd Government announced instead it would construct a new national network combining fibre to the premises (FTTP), fixed wireless and satellite technologies.

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Internet Censorship and the NBN, clear and present policy by the ALP

The network is estimated to cost A$35.9 billion to construct over a 10-year period, including an Australian Government investment of A$27.5 billion. This cost has been a key point of both criticism and praise of the NBN. During the announcement, then-Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said the project is "the single largest nation building infrastructure project in Australias history". Later, Opposition Leader Tony Abbott described the project as a "white elephant". The project is supported by the Greens, independent MPs, and by some telecommunications companies, however, others have expressed concern about the effect on competition and the scale of the investment. Apart of the new plan, Mike Quigley was appointed as chief executive officer of NBN Co, established to design, build and operate the NBN. NBN Co began the construction with a trial rollout of the FTTP network in Tasmania. The first services in this trial rollout were connected in July 2010. The mainland rollout began with five first-release sites in August 2010 with the first services connected in April 2011. The FTTP rollout is planned to reach approximately 93 per cent of the population by June 2021. Construction of the fixed wireless network is planned to begin in 2011, delivering its first services in 2012 and to be completed by 2015. Two satellites will be launched by 2015, with an interim agreement with Optus and IPStar to provide satellite services to some customers from July 2011. The network will gradually replace the copper network, owned by Telstra and currently used for most telephony and data services. As part of an agreement with NBN Co, Telstra will move its customers to the NBN, and lease access to its exchange space and extensive network ducting to assist in the rollout. [...]

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Policy development Howard Government See also: Howard Government The Broadband Advisory Group (BAG) was established by the Howard Government in March 2002 to review broadband policy. In the report released on 22 January 2003, the BAG recommend the Federal Government work with other governments and industry stakeholders to form a "national broadband network".[1] A subsequent Senate committee recommend the Federal Government replace the "increasingly obsolete" copper network with a new network based on fibre to the node (FTTN) or alternative technologies.

The Broadband Connect policy was announced by the Howard Government in June 2006 with an aim to provide greater access to broadband services in rural and regional areas. OPEL Networksa 5050 joint venture between Optus and Elderswas announced on 18 June 2007 as the sole successful bidder in tender. A funding agreement was signed where the government agreed to invest A$958 million combined with A$917 million of private investment by OPEL. The Labor Party, in opposition at the time, said they would honour this agreement if they won government in the 2007 federal election.[5] This commitment was repeated by the new Rudd Government in December 2007; however, on 2 April 2008 Communications Minister Stephen Conroy terminated the agreement because OPEL had "failed to meet the terms of [the] contract".

Telstra, the owner of the copper network, announced a plan on 15 November 2005 to upgrade its ageing networks, including a rollout of a fibre to the node (FTTN) network. At the time, the Federal Government was the majority shadeholder, but the plan did not involve any additional government investment.

The rollout was later put on hold after the Howard Government refused to exempt the new network from laws requiring third party access, instead saying Telstra could achieve the exemption by applying to the competition regulator, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). Telstra dropped plans for the new network on 7 August 2006, after reaching a impasse in negotiations with the ACCC.[11] Former ACCC chairman, Graeme Samuel later said the proposal was "an illusion on cost and on the capacity to truly deliver high-speed broadband to end users".

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Nine telecommunications companiesAAPT, Internode, iiNet, Macquarie Telecom, Optus, PowerTel, Primus, Soul and TransACT, formerly known as G9proposed its own FTTN network on 20 April 2007,[13] however, it was rejected by the ACCC on 17 December 2007 because of future unknown conditions for access.

2007 federal election


At the National Press Club on 15 November 2006, then-opposition leader Kim Beazley announced a newly elected Labor Government would build a "super-fast" national broadband network which would deliver "25 times faster" speeds to "98 per cent of Australians". Beazley said the business community has been "crying out" for this infrastructure to raise productivity.[

Leading up to the 2007 federal election, then-opposition leader Kevin Rudd reaffirmed the national broadband network commitment on 21 March 2007. The updated plan, estimated to cost A$15 billion included a government contribution of A$4.7 billion and co-operation from the private sector. The remaining 17 per cent of the Federal Government's shareholding in Telstra, a total of A$2.7 billion, would be sold to help pay for the government's contribution. When outlining the plan, then-Shadow Minister for Communications Stephen Conroy said the plan was "regulatory reform" needed to break the impasse in negotiations between Telstra, G9, the ACCC and the Federal Government. The Howard Government did not take a national policy to the election; instead said the existing strategy would "support areas that needed ongoing, targeted government assistance ... where commercial solutions were not always viable". Helen Coonan, then-Minister for Communications, Information Technology and the Arts said the government's plan would "deliver broadband to all Australian consumers". At the subsequent election, the Coalition has continue to advocated a policy on filling "gaps" in the current networks.

Rudd Government
The new Rudd Government issued a request for proposals (RFP) to build the NBN, six proposals were submitted. Acacia's bid proposed a "broadband as a utility infrastructure" to cover 100 per cent of the population using a mix of technologies.

Axia NetMedia lodged a bid, however, it was depended on raising the necessary funding. Optus submitted a bid on behalf of Terria. TransACT and the Tasmanian Government both submitted a state-only bid covering ACT and Tasmania respectfully.

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Telstra submitted a bid, however, it was later excluded as it did not met the requirements. Telstra said it would submit a full bid if it received certainty on whether the government would later forced a separation.

During the RFP, legal advice warned if the project continued without Telstra and the existing copper network was used, Telstra would have been entitle to compensation estimated at A$1520 billion. The expert panel evaluating the proposals raised concerns the compensation could be used to build a competing network, devaluing the NBN.[26][27] With the other bidders unable to met government's requirements nor could raise the necessary capital funds for the project during the global financial crisis, the RFP was terminated on 7 April 2009.

] At the same time, the Rudd Government announced it would bypass the copper network by constructing a new national network combining fibre to the premises (FTTP), fixed wireless and satellite technologies. When announcing the new project, then Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd said it will be "the single largest nation building infrastructure project in Australias history".[29] Tasmania was selected for a trial deployment commencing in July 2009, building on the Tasmanian Government's submission to the RFP. [...] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Broadband_Network

Global Energy Network Institute

Global Energy Network Institute (GENI) is a research and education organization founded by Peter Meisen in 1986 and registered as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in 1991. GENI's focus is on the interconnection of electric power transmission networks between nations and continents, emphasizing tapping abundant renewable energy resources, and utilizing the efficiencies of seasonal, time of day, and load differences around the world.

Renewable Energy Interconnected Global Grid


GENI's goal is to educate world leaders and policy makers on the benefits of this global strategy. The concept of an interconnected global grid linked to renewable resources was first suggested by Buckminster Fuller in the World Game simulation in the 1970s. Fuller concluded that this strategy is the highest priority of the World Game simulation, (see page 206 of Fuller's book Critical Path (1981, ISBN 0-312-17491-8).

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GENI has organized international workshops on international electricity transmission grids and coordinated workshops on renewable energy generation, the latter hosted by the IEEE Power Engineering Society. GENI is one of the original members of American Council on Renewable Energy and has been a regular presence at the World Energy Congress, held internationally every 3 years. GENI has stated that one reason technologies to accelerate the use of renewable energy and to avert climate change were not making headway in the marketplace has been the lack of ways for investors to track and easily invest in these technologies. Because of this, in 2004, GENI partnered with KLD, who creates socially-conscious investing stock indexes in the US, to create the KLD Global Climate 100 stock index. The index became available for investment in Japan in 2005 and in the U.S. on April 24, 2007. By connecting regional electricity grids around the world into a global network, it will be possible to tap new renewable resources and phase out our worst polluting coal-fired power plants Michael Powers, Spokesman Research GENI's research includes information about national electricity power grids; location and availability of renewable energy resources; international integrated energy models; current national energy usage (by fuel type) and global issues that are addressed by the GENI concept, such as international relations, human security, peace and disarmament, the environment, conflict and development, and global health.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Energy_Network_Institute

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Smart Grid

Smart Grid City Model

Smart grid is a type of electrical grid which attempts to predict and intelligently respond to the behaviour and actions of all electric power users connected to it - suppliers, consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently deliver reliable, economic, and sustainable electricity services.

In Europe, the smart grid is conceived of as employing innovative products and services together with intelligent monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing technologies in order to:

Better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and technologies; Allow consumers to play a part in optimising the operation of the system; Provide consumers with greater information and options for choice of supply; Significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system; Maintain or even improve the existing high levels of system reliability, quality and security of supply;
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Maintain and improve the existing services efficiently;

In the United States, the Smart Grid concept is defined [2] as the modernization of the nation's electricity transmission and distribution system to maintain a reliable and secure electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth and to achieve each of the following, which together characterize a Smart Grid:

(1) Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid.

(2) Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-security.

(3) Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including renewable resources.

(4) Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and energy-efficiency resources.

(5) Deployment of smart technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.

(6) Integration of smart appliances and consumer devices.

(7) Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal-storage air conditioning.

(8) Provision to consumers of timely information and control options.

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(9) Development of standards for communication and interoperability of appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.

(10) Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and services. More details http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Grid Base load power plant Baseload (also base load, or baseload demand) is the minimum amount of power that a utility or distribution company must make available to its customers, or the amount of power required to meet minimum demands based on reasonable expectations of customer requirements. Baseload values typically vary from hour to hour in most commercial and industrial areas.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseload_power

Club of Rome
The Club of Rome is a global think tank that deals with a variety of international political issues. Founded in 1968 at David Rockefellers estate in Bellagio, Italy, the CoR describes itself as "a group of world citizens, sharing a common concern for the future of humanity." It consists of current and former Heads of State, UN bureaucrats, high-level politicians and government officials, diplomats, scientists, economists, and business leaders from around the globe. It raised considerable public attention in 1972 with its report The Limits to Growth. The club states that its mission is "to act as a global catalyst for change through the identification and analysis of the crucial problems facing humanity and the communication of such problems to the most important public and private decision makers as well as to the general public." Since 1 July 2008, the organization has its headquarters in Winterthur, Switzerland.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_of_Rome

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Fossil-fuel phase-out

A fossil fuel phase-out are plans for transport electrification, decommissioning of operating fossil fuel-fired power plants and prevention of the construction of new fossil-fuel-fired power stations. The purpose of this is to decrease the high concentration of greenhouse gas emissions, which are the scientific consensus for the cause of the current climate change. The energy vectors concerned are petroleum (oil), natural gas (gas), and coal.

The proposals are strongly opposed by the many nations who rely on such resources for electricity generation, such as the USA, Russia, China and India.

Australia
The Australian Greens party have proposed to phase out coal power stations. The NSW Greens proposed an immediate moratorium on coal-fired power stations and want to end all coal mining and coal industry subsidies. The Federal Government's proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme, an emissions trading scheme will, if enacted, make it more difficult for new coal fired power stations to be developed.

The Federal Government and Victorian State Government want to modify existing coal-fired power stations into clean coal power stations. The Federal Labor government extended the mandatory renewable energy targets, an initiative to ensure that new sources of electricity are more likely to be from wind power, solar power and other sources of renewable energy in Australia.

Australia is not only one of the largest consumers of coal, but also one of the largest producers, and the proposals are strongly opposed by industry and the main Opposition Party in Parliament.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_phase_out

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Source: Pan-Asian Energy Infrastructure: Outlook :http://www.grenatec.com/research

DESERTEC/GRENATEC
As of November 2011, DESERTEC has been renamed GRENATEC, with files on the operations and scope of the Smart Grid from Australia to the rest of South East Asia.

Sketch of possible infrastructure for a sustainable supply of power to Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (EU-MENA) (Euro-Supergrid with a EU-MENA-Connection proposed by TREC) Extent of Sahara Desert ecoregion DESERTEC is a concept proposed by the DESERTEC Foundation for making use of solar energy and wind energy. This concept will be implemented in North Africa and the Middle East by the consortium Dii GmbH, formed by a group of European companies and the DESERTEC Foundation. The DESERTEC concept was initiated under the auspices of the Club of Rome and the German Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation

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(TREC). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertec The global overview of Grenatecs smart grid.

Source: Grenatec, global map of the renewable energy infrastructure

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Extract from Grenatecs page. http://www.grenatec.com/world.htm

A Global

Green Energy Revolution

http://www.grenatec.com/world.htm
In the 21st Century, billions of people will join the global economy. Billions of others, already connected, will consume ever more energy. To meet the challenges ahead, the global energy industry must undergo an efficiency revolution akin to those that transformed telecommunications and aviation. The answer lies in deeper, more interconnected networks. These expanded networks will allow new market entrants to innovate, consumers to exercise greater choice and carbon prices to differentiate quality. The market can then do the rest. The economic growth and environmental remediation benefits will be huge. Roadblocks to creation and movement of energy must be removed just as roadblocks to the creation and movement of data have been eliminated through the Internet. That's because petajoules and megawatt hours are just 'packets' of energy. Like 'packets' of data, they are fungible, uniform units optimized for delivery through a standardized global infrastructure. In the data revolution, fiber optics cables were the key enabler. In the energy revolution, High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power lines and natural gas pipelines are the enablers. Serendipitously, these can follow the same cross-border pathways already traversed by fiber optics cables. This is sensible. All HVDC cables come with fiber optic cables embedded. The Internet has transformed a hidebound global telecommunications industry once dominated by national monopolies into a highly-innovative, highly-redundant series of reliable network businesses that - among other things -- disseminate intellectual progress. The internet revolution transformed business, culture and society. A second revolution is now needed in energy.

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The full report on the Pan-Asian Grid can be found here and downloaded. http://www.adbi.org/files/2009.08.31.book.infrastructure.seamless.asia.pdf http://www.grenatec.com/Asia.htm Site accessed 23 December 2011

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DESERTEC Foundation, in its own words


The DESERTEC Foundation was established on 20 January 2009 as a non-profit foundation. Founding members of DESERTEC Foundation are the German Association of the Club of Rome, members of an international network of scientists as well as committed private individuals. Our mission is the fast global implementation of the DESERTEC Concept to ensure the earth will be able to support 10 billion people in 2050.

For this reason we have already founded the industry initiative Dii GmbH for the Mediterranean region and the DESERTEC University Network. In the future, we will focus on further desert regions and build social networks to support the aims of DESERTEC. The DESERTEC Foundation stands for A global civil society initiative aiming to shape a sustainable future. A concrete and realizable solution, which arose in the aftermath of the nuclear disaster in Tschernobyl. Climate protection and climate security by global transition to renewables, thus the complete change from fossil and nuclear fuels towards a renewable energy supply A combination of all available forms of renewable energies (sun, wind, water, geothermal and biomass). The combination of centralized & decentralized, of global & local approaches to solve the energy problem. Supply security (electricity, food, water) through energy security and therefore prevention of resource-related conflicts. Advocacy efforts in all parts of society, politics, economics and science We are working for the worldwide implementation of DESERTEC. In concrete terms this means... Intense political work with national ministries, Arab League and EU Active public relations via website, social media and press Books, films, editorials regarding the themes DESERTEC and global transition to renewables

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More than 300 international lectures, meetings, talks in universities, schools, congresses, with associations & companies Initiating Dii GmbH, an industrial consortium for the implementation of the DESERTEC Concept in the Mediterranean area The build-up of an international DESERTEC University Network (DUN) Further studies for the implementation of DESERTEC in different regions of the world State-funded projects in cooperation with research facilities to promote and foster the expansion of renewables in the Middle East and North Africa http://www.desertec.org/organization/

Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC)

The Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC) is a voluntary association formed in 2003 as an initiative of the German association of the Club of Rome and the Hamburg Climate Protection Foundation.

TREC promotes an increase of Europe's energy supply and a reduction of its CO2 emissions by campaigning for renewable non-polluting electric power transmission to Europe via highvoltage direct current (HVDC) lines from solar and wind power stations in the deserts of the Middle East and North Africa. Supporters of TREC include the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the German green party, the German Physics Society, the German Advisory Council on Global Change, Greenpeace, and Prince Hassan bin Al Talal of Jordan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Mediterranean_Renewable_Energy_Cooperation

German Aerospace Center

The German Aerospace Center (DLR) (German: Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.) is the national centre for aerospace, energy and transportation research of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has multiple locations throughout Germany. Its headquarters are located in Cologne. It is engaged in a wide range of research and development projects in national and international partnerships. In addition to conducting its own research projects,

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DLR also acts as the German space agency. As such, it is responsible for planning and implementing the German space programme on behalf of the German federal government. As project management agency, DLR also coordinates and answers for the technical and organisational implementation of projects funded by a number of German federal ministries. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center

SuperSmart Grid
The SuperSmart Grid (SSG) is a hypothetical wide area electricity network connecting Europe with northern Africa, the Middle East, Turkey and the IPS/UPS system of CIS countries. The system would unify super grid and smart grid capabilities into a comprehensive network. There is no planned locations for infrastructure or schedule explicitly for the SSG; the name is used to discuss the economic and technological feasibility of such a network and ways that it might gain political support. The ambitious upgrade and unification of current transmission and/or distribution grids finds support among advocates of large scale utilization of alternative energy, and as well as advocates of enhanced energy security for Europe.[1] The SSG proposal was initiated by the European Climate Forum and at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research by Antonella Battaglini and colleagues. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperSmart_Grid

Wide Area Synchronous Grid

A wide area synchronous grid, also called an "interconnection" in North America, is a power grid at a regional scale or greater that operates at a synchronized frequency and is electrically tied together during normal system conditions. These are also known as synchronous zones, the largest of which is the synchronous grid of Continental Europe (ENTSO-E) with 603 gigawatts (GW) of generation, and the widest region served being that of the IPS/UPS system serving countries of the former Soviet Union. Synchronous grids with ample capacity facilitate electricity market trading across wide areas. In the ENTSO-E in 2008, over 350,000 megawatt hours were sold per day on the European Energy Exchange (EEX)[1]. As discovered in the California electricity crisis, there are strong incentives among some market traders to deliberately create congestion and poor management of generation capacity on an interconnection network to artificially inflate prices. Increasing transmission capacity and expanding the market by uniting with neighboring synchronous networks will make such manipulations more difficult.

All of the interconnects in North America are synchronized at 60Hz, while those of Europe run at 50Hz. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines (DC ties), or with variable frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a

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controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side.

The benefits of synchronous zones include pooling of generation, resulting in lower generation costs; pooling of load, resulting in significant equalizing effects; common provisioning of reserves, resulting in cheaper primary and secondary reserve power costs; opening of the market, resulting in possibility of long term contracts and short term power exchanges; and mutual assistance in the event of disturbances.[2]. The Tres Amigas SuperStation aims to enable energy transfers and trading between the Eastern Interconnection and Western Interconnection using 30GW HVDC connections.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_synchronous_grid

European super grid

The European super grid is a specific concept of super grid involving interconnecting Europe and regions around its borders including North Africa, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, etc. with a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power grid. The intention and purpose is:

to lower the cost of power in all participating countries by allowing the entire region to share the most efficient power plants; to pool load variability and power station unreliability, reducing the margin of inefficient spinning reserve and standby that have to be supplied; to allow for wider use of renewable energy, particularly wind energy, from the concept that "it is always windy somewhere" in particular it tends to be windy in the summer in North Africa, and windy in the winter in Europe; to allow wide sharing of the total European hydro power resource which is about 6 weeks of full load European output.

The conclusion, in theory, is that such a grid largely based on wind energy and utilising existing hydro storage but no pumped storage - with a certain amount of back up based on biomass - could provide all European power at around the same cost price as many Europeans currently pay. However, several studies into the reality of such a grid have shown limited ability for such a grid to provide stable power, and raise concerns about increased prices. A similar but nevertheless quite separate concept is the DESERTEC concept which is linked to the idea of using concentrating solar power (CSP) stations in the deserts with power brought to Europe by HVDC lines. However Dr Czisch has examined various options for generating power and has found that the optimum grid at present is based around wind
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energy, although this may change if prices for CSP change. All his scenarios have included 30% of European power coming from Norwegian and other hydro plants.

A report by Pyry stated that a super grid would only partially reduce the problems from intermittent renewable energy production. While it found that spreading renewables across Europe produced a smoothing effect, large scale weather patterns would impact many European countries at similar times. This still results in large highs and lows of energy output. However this report does not consider the super grid covering the same (larger) area as the Czisch study, which would further smooth energy output to some extent.

There may also be significant opposition to such a grid in countries such as Norway that would likely see a sharp increase in electricity prices for the local consumers, if prices between countries equalize. If problems of intermittency were not alleviated by such a grid, 'on demand' energy production such as fossil fuels may have to increase output as a form of failsafe, thus working inefficiently and increasing energy prices.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_super_grid

Unified Smart Grid


Unified National Smart Grid is a proposal for a United States wide area grid that is a national interconnected network relying on a high capacity backbone of electric power transmission lines linking all the nation's local electrical networks that have been upgraded to smart grids. Europe's analogous project is sometimes referred to as the SuperSmart Grid, a term that also appears in the literature describing the Unified Smart Grid. President Barack Obama asked the United States Congress "to act without delay" to pass legislation that included doubling renewable energy production in the next three years and building a new electricity "smart grid".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Smart_Grid

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The International Energy Agency (IEA)

The International Energy Agency (IEA; French: Agence internationale de l'nergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.

The IEA was initially dedicated to responding to physical disruptions in the supply of oil, as well as serving as an information source on statistics about the international oil market and other energy sectors. The IEA acts as a policy adviser to its member states, but also works with non-member countries, especially China, India and Russia. The Agency's mandate has broadened to focus on the "3Es" of sound energy policy: energy security, economic development, and environmental protection. The latter has focused on mitigating climate change. The IEA has a broad role in promoting alternate energy sources (including renewable energy), rational energy policies, and multinational energy technology co-operation. IEA member countries are required to maintain total oil stock levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year's net imports. At the end of July 2009, IEA member countries held a combined stockpile of almost 4,300,000,000 barrels (680,000,000 m3) of oil. On March 11, 2011, Former Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs, Maria van der Hoeven, was selected Executive Director. On 1 September 2011, she succeeded in this position Nobuo Tanaka. The Deputy Executive Director is Richard Jones.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Energy_Agency

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