books from the library

of
walter pagel
Part I: 14831600
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From the library of Walter Pagel
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Books from the library
of Walter Pagel (+86+8)
Part I: +(8+6oo
Roger Gaskell Rare Books
Ca1aLoocc (+
ROGER GASKELL RARE BOOKS
+; Ramsey Road, Warboys,
Cambridgeshire icz8 zw, UK
Telephone (+((/o) +(8; 8zo
Fax (+((/o) +(8; 8zo;o
E-mail roger@RogerGaskell.com
www.RogerGaskell.com
Introduction
WALTER PAGEL was one of the great historians of medicine of the
twentieth century. He sought to understand his chosen authors on their
own terms and in their own time. Instead of ignoring what was not
explicable in modern scientic terms, as his contemporaries were doing,
he embraced their ideas, exploring the philosophical, metaphysical and
religious background. As Pagel himself pointed out early in his career, we
will have to embark on the cumbersome task of reconstructing ancient
thought if we wish to write history and not best-sellers.
+
It is this
historicist approach, giving as much, or more, weight to habits of mind and
approaches to the natural world that are still often described as pseudo-
science, which made Pagel a true pioneer; one of the most inuential
historians of science, not just of medicine, of his generation.
While Pagels research was centred on three gures, Harvey, van Hel-
mont and Paracelsus, his research took him into seventeenth-century
Aristotelianism; chemical and alchemical history; the Hermetic and
Gnostic tradition in the Latin West; a range of topics connected with
medical history in the Renaissance; a revaluation of Cesalpino; pioneering
studies of early sixteenth and seventeenth-century Paracelsians; and his
excellent but all too rare excursions into the eld of Romantic medicine.
z
All these are represented in the books oered in the present catalogue of
fteenth and sixteenth-century books, and a forthcoming catalogue of
books printed after +6oo. They include some of the key pre-Vesalian
anatomies and the second edition of Vesalius Fabrica; very rare illustrated
alchemical texts; and many of the great medieval encyclopedias, several of
them in fteenth-century editions.
After his death, Pagels papers were transferred to the Wellcome
Library and the bulk of his library was sold at Sothebys. The sale included
about +;oo books.

Sothebys advertised it as Pagels entire library,

+. Walter Pagel, The Vindication of Rubbish, Middlesex Hospital Journal (
(+() (z(, on p. (; reprinted in Pagel, Religion and Neoplatonism in Renaissance
Medicine, ed. Marianne Winder (+8) pp. ++(.
z. Allen G. Debus, ed., Science, Medicine and Society in the Renaissance. Essays to
honor Walter Pagel (+;z), Introduction, p. 6.
. Sothebys, Printed Books. The Library of the Late Dr. Walter Pagel. Sold by Order
of the Executors, London, ; February +8(. There were 8; lots but many lots
contained several titles.
unaware, apparently, that Pagel had, in fact, set aside the best books to
leave to his son.
(
Before his death, Pagel had selected the rarest books, the most valuable,
and the ones most central to his own interests. These he annotated in his
own hand, or on a typed slip, Ex libris B. E. J. Pagel, occasionally adding
a few words on the books signicance. Bernard Pagel, FRS (+ozoo;)
was an astronomer, though he helped his father with his historical work at
least at the end of his life. Bernard corrected and revised the text of the
second edition of Walter Pagels Paracelsus, an Introduction to Philosophical
Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance (+8z).

Feeling uncomfortable having so many valuable books in his house,

Bernard Pagel placed the books on deposit at Kings College, Cambridge,
where they were made available to scholars. Bernards widow, Annabel,
has donated a ne +th century Spanish manuscript of Rupescissa, De
consideratione quintae essentiae to Kings; and a copy of Flamsteed, Atlas
cleste (+;) to the Royal Society in memory of her late husband. The rest
are oered in the present catalogue and the next.
Pagels ownership marks
All the books in this catalogue are from the library of Walter Pagel (+8
+8). They all carry the ex-libris of his son Bernard Pagel (+ozoo;) on
a slip of paper pasted to the inside of the upper board, typed or written in
Walter Pagels hand. Walter Pagel signed a few of his books on an endleaf
when he acquired them, in some cases with a date, and these inscriptions
are recorded in the catalogue. He did not annotate his books, except for
some rare notes on the endleaves or on inserted scraps of paper.
(. In the introduction to Sothebys catalogue, H. A. Feisenberger wrote: During
the last twenty-ve years we have been entrusted with the sale of several important
libraries founded in our time in the eld of the history of medicine and science.
Among these, the library of Dr. Walter Pagel which is oered in this catalogue has
a unique place. It is the collection as it was left at his death... with the exception of
a few items which at his wish went to friends and colleagues.
. Preface, p. xii.
Walter Pagel (t88t8)
Allen Debus recalls his rst meeting with Walter Pagel:
During the year +6o I was an Overseas Fellow at Churchill
College [Cambridge] and I used to visit Professor Pagel once a week
to discuss his work as well as my own progress on my dissertation. It
was a wonderful experience. His rather small study was packed with
his incredible collection of books and going over the catalog I can
recall when he received some of the items you list. He always told
me to buy books and I am glad that I did when there were some
+6th+8th century books I could aord.
6
Pagels pupil, close friend and disciple, Debus has written several accounts
of Pagels life and assessments of his intellectual achievements and
inuence.
;
The following paragraphs are extracted, with permission, from
a memorial notice published in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine.
8
Walter Pagel was the son of Julius Pagel who held the Chair in
medical history at Berlin and whose two-volume Geschichte der
Medizin was published in +88, the year of Walters birth. Pagel
frequently spoke of his fathers books which eventually were to be
sent to St. Louis after his death in ++z. Young Walter was educated
in the classical tradition of the humanistische Gymnasium and during
the rst World War he aided the wounded in the hospitals. He
studied medicine at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Berlin, where
he received his M.D. in +zz, From there he moved to the Robert
Koch Institute and then the Berlin Municipal Tuberculosis Hospital
at Sommerfeld where he continued his microbiological and
immunological research. His special interest in the pathology of
tuberculosis was eventually to lead to his Pulmonary Tuberculosis:
Pathology, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention (jointly with George
Gregory Kayne and L. S. OShaughnessy, Oxford University Press,
+) which reached a fourth edition by +6(.
During the +zos Pagels latent interest in the history of medicine
was rekindled by a rereading of the work of van Helmont in +z6...
and then by hearing Henry Sigerists anniversary lecture on Harvey
in +z8. He was to spend some time with Sigerist at Leipzig, but
then went on to Heidelberg where he was able to lecture on the
6. Personal communication, 6 November zoo8.
;. These include the Introduction to the Festscrift, cited in n. + above; and
Chemists, Physicans, and Changing Perspectives on the Scientic Rovolution,
Isis 6 (+8) 668+.
8. Allen G. Debus, Walter Pagel (+88+8), Bulletin of the History of Medicine,
; (+8) 6++6+ on p. 6+z.
history of medicine as well as pathology. Over the years I have
spoken to several of his students from this period and they praised
his skill as a lecturer no less than his kindness to those who had no
scientic or medical background, but who showed an interest in the
history of medicine. Pagel was expelled from his post at Heidelberg
when Hitler came to power in + and he occasionally spoke with
sadness of those whom he had befriended, but who now refused to
speak to him on the street. He called this the Pestjahr, and, with his
wife and son, the small family decided to leave Germany, rst for the
laboratory of Albert Calmette in Paris, and then for the Papworth
Village Settlement near Cambridge where he established and
administered a pathological laboratory. It was at this time that he
came into contact with others who had similar historical interests.
With Joseph Needham he organized the History of Science Lectures
Committee, for which he served as Honorary Secretary from + to
+. This Committee arranged a series of lectures, many by notable
scientists from the University. A selection of these was published in
+8 as The Background to Modern Science. The Committee itself was
instrumental in activating interest in the subject and may be said to
have led to the present program in the history and philosophy of
science at Cambridge University.
In + the Pagels moved to London where Walter took a position
as Assistant Pathologist (and later Consultant Pathologist) at
Central Middlesex Hospital. And in +6, due to persistent health
problems, he moved to a part-time position at Clare Hall
Sanatorium in Barnet, retiring at last in +6;.
Debus adds: Although his illness kept him housebound in his later years,
he always welcomed visiting scholars. Afternoons at the Pagel home were
lled with stimulating discussions that remain etched in the memories of
those who took part in them.
t
AGRICOLA, Johann (+(6+;o)
Ain grntlicher eissiger auzug, au allen bewerten Kriechischen
un[d] Lateinischen lerern, dermassen biher noch nye beschehen. Von
ursachen, zaichen, frserung, und haylung der grewlichen Pestilentz,
sampt alle[n] zfellen die sich in diser Kranckhait begeben mgen,
Alles auss gtem grund, on all Sophistisch oder Arabisch, in der
Artzney ungegrndt, zserz un[d] erdichtes geschwertz. Durch Doct.
Johan. Agricol, der Artzney und Kriechischen sprach leser z
Ingolstat. Deren von Eck, z Wols und Randeck Wapen. [Colophon:]
Augspurg, Gedruckt durch Philipp Ulhart [no date].
Augsburg: Phillip Ulhart the elder, date taken from dedicatory letter, +.
(to: AF
(
, zo leaves, . [z], +8 [i.e. zz]. Gothic letter, large woodcut
arms on title.
+;( x +omm. Cropped aecting last line of titlepage (identifying the
arms of the dedicatee), rst line of f. +z and a few folio numbers;
library stamps partially erased from title and f. +, causing some holes
in the latter aecting several letters but without loss of legibility; some
light staining and soiling.
Binding: Recent quarter cloth over marbled boards, z rear endleaves
from an earlier binding preserved.
Provenance: Early inscription ad Medic. ad Bibl. Karsersh and early
shelfmarks on title; early manuscript notes in German on original rear
endleaves; Walter Pagels signature, undated, on pastedown.
First edition. vb+6 A+oz; Durling ;.
A pamphlet describing the outbreak of sweating sickness and the methods of
prevention and treatment. Some of the recommendations deal with diet,
drink, baths and the use of purgatives. Johann Agricola was professor of Greek
and medicine at Ingolstadt and was responsible for important editions of
Galen, Hippocrates, Dioscorides and Oribasius.
z
ALBERTI, Salomon (+(o+6oo)
Historia plerarunque [sic] partium humani corporis membratim
scripta, et in usum tyronum retractatius edita... [Colophon:]
Vitaebergae Excudebant Haeredes Iohannes Cratonis Anno
M.D.LXXXV.
Wittenberg: Heirs of Johann Krat the elder, +8.
8vo: AH
8
, I
(
and folding woodcut plates after Dz, E+ and F;, ;+
leaves, pp. [+6] +z+ [z] (last page blank), the pagingation including the
rectos of the plates, the versos being blank and unpaginated. Roman
letter with Italic headings and Greek words in the text. Allegorical
woodcut on title, z text woodcuts, several full page, and larger
woodcuts on the folding plates.
+(8 x mm. Small worm holes and tracks almost entirely marginal
but just touching one or two letters, light waterstains in the last few
leaves only; a good fresh copy.
Binding: Recent panelled polished calf.
Provenance: No ownership signature but heavily annotated on text and
plates in an early hand.
Second edition (rst Wittenberg +8; enlarged +6o+ and reprinted
unchanged +6oz, +6o). vb+6 A+o; Adams A(; Bird ;o; Durling
;; Manchester z; Waller o8; Wellcome +o; ChoulantFrank p.
z+;; Cushing p. +;, Vesaliana z.
An extensively illustrated small format textbook dealing with the anatomy and
physiology of dierent organs and structures in the body. These are shown in
somewhat crude, but highly informative woodcuts. This is one of the earliest
post-Vesalian illustrated anatomy books published in a small and inexpensive
format. In the same year the same publisher produced an edition of Vesalius
revised version of Winters unillustrated Institutiones anatomicae.
Salomon Alberti was born in Naumburg on the Saale and moved to
Nuremberg with his parents as an infant. He was professor in Wittenberg and
electoral body physician from +z until his death in Dresden in +6oo. He was
recognised as an industrious anatomist and an independent investigator
(ChoulantFrank) and is celebrated for having given the rst illustrations of
the valves in the veins in his Tres orationes (Nuremberg, +8).
This is a fascinating copy heavily annotated by an early, possibly con-
temporary, owner who closely studied both the text and the illustrations.

ALBERTUS MAGNUS, (c.+zoo+z8o)

De animalibus
[+r] Divi Alberti Magni de Animalibus libri vigintisex Novissime
Impresi. Videbis studiosissime lector hoc in volumine. [a+r] Incipit
liber Alberti magni animaliu[m] primus qui est de co[m]muni
diversitate animaliu[m]. [Colophon on Q8v] Impressum Venetiis per
Ioannem & Gregorius de Gregoriis fratres. Anno incarnationis
dominice Millesimo quadrigentesimo nonagesimo quinto die. xxi.
Maii. Regnante d[omi]no Augustino Barbadi co inclito Duce
Venetiarum.
Venice: Johannes and Gregorius de Gregoriis, de Forlivio, :I May, +(.
Folio:
6
az & # ? AP
6
Q
8
, z6o leaves, . [6] +( (. 6o, +(, +8 and
zz misnumbered o, +(, +(6 and z(). Gothic type, 6 lines in
double columns, initial spaces with guide letters, +r in Roman type
with gothic heading. Large woodcut printers device on Q6v.
o x zo8mm. First page soiled stained and corner chipped, corners
rounded in the rest of the book, worm tracks in the lower margins and
gutter in the rst half of the book, well away from the text; some light
waterstains at the beginning and end. Generally a good fresh and clean
copy.
Binding: Seventeenth-century carta rustica, manuscript lettering on
lower page edges and spine. Worn, spine damaged at the foot.
Provenance: Three inscriptions on +r: +. Sum francisci argilagues de
valencia artium et me[dicine] doctoris ragusii meiorensibus conducti
physici anno +oz alexandro 6 pontice maximo vivente. Franciscus
Argilagues (. c. +(;o+o8) was the editor of the Articella (Venice
+(8) and Petrus de Abano, Conciliator (Pavia +(o); z. Anno
redemptionis +68 legitme fueri in manus et postestate Ambrosii
Francisci Malachreido origine Curiensis (Chur, Switzerland); .
scored out and illegible. A few words of annotations in Latin and
Greek in two hands in the text and a + word annotation on f. +6v;
early underliniing and pointing sts in red crayon, mostly conned to
. z++z+.
Third edition (rst edition, Rome +(;8; second, Mantua +(;). There
were many later editions. Go A-zz; Klebs +(.; Bod-inc A-+oo;
BMC V (6; BSB-Ink A-+((; GW 8; ISTC iaoozzooo; Walsh
zoozo++; Wellcome +z;.
One of the outstanding works of scientic interest written between the time
of Pliny and the sixteenth-century (Stillwell). Albertus made original
observations, conducted experiments and performed dissections. The work is
especially noteworthy for its sections on reproduction and embryology
(DSB). Albertus, regarded as the most learned scholar of his time, is described
in Printing and the Mind of Man as the most important observer of nature that
the Middle Ages had yet produced, the greatest naturalist since Pliny.
Pagel pointed out that Albertus experimental demonstration of fetal
irritability foreshadowed that of Harvey (William Harvey, fetal irritability
and Albertus Magnus, Medical History +o (+66) (o(++, citing f. +ov of the
present edition, which he probably therefore owned by +66). He noted in the
article: It is not unlikely that Harvey was familiar with Albertus text in which
comparative embryology was treated on a broad Aristotelian basis, although
Albert deviates in some points from the Philosopher (p. (++).
Stillwell 66; Printing and the Mind of Man +;b.
q
ALBERTUS MAGNUS, (c.+zoo+z8o)
Parva naturalia
[A+r] Tabula tractatuum parvorum naturalium Alberti Magni Episcopi
Ratispon. de ordine predicatorum. De sensu et sensato. De memoria et
reminiscentia. De somno et vigilia. De motibus animalium. De erate
sive de inventute & senectute. De spiritu et respiratione. De morte et
vita. De nutrimento et nutribili. De natura et origine anime. De unitate
intellectus contra Averroem. De intellectu et intelligibili. De natura
locorum. De causis et proprietatibus elementorum. De passionibus
aeris. De Vegetabilibus et plantis. De principiis motus processivi. De
causis et processu universitatis a causa prima. Speculu[m]
astronomicu[m] de libris licitis et illicitis. [Colophon on ccv] Venetiis:
impensa heredu[m] quonda[m] d[omi]ni Octaviani Scoti civis
Modoetie[n]sis: ac sociorum. Die. +o. Martii. ++;.
Venice: heirs of Octavianus Scotus, ++;.
Folio: A
6
, az
8
, &
8
, ?
8
, #
8
, aa-bb
8
, cc
+o
(blank cc+o), z(o leaves, . [6]
z [+ blank]. Gothic letter in double columns, sizes of woodcut
initials, woodcut printers device on ccv.
+z x z+omm. Portion of lower margin of A+ restored, a few leaves
browned, light brown waterstains in upper and lower corners, the
lower one into the text and the paper slightly limp due to loss of size.
Binding: Recent half vellum.
Provenance: About oo words of annotation in at least two hands,
longer notes on . v, 6r, +zr, +6r in one hand and several
annotations on . 66 in another hand.
First edition of this collection of +8 treatises. cbi1+6 cNcc ;8.
De vegetabilibus et plantis, rst printed in this edition is a masterpiece for its
independence of treatment, its accuracy and range of detailed description, its
freedom from myth, and its innovation in systematic classication. His
comparative study of plants extended to all their parts, and his digressions
show a remarkable sense of morphology and ecology... He seems to have been
the rst to mention spinach in Western literature, the rst to note the inuence
of light and heat on the growth of trees, and the rst to establish that sap (which
he knew was carried in veins like blood vessels, he said, but without a pulse)
is tasteless in the root and becomes avored as it ascends. (William A.
Wallace, DSB I:+o+z.)

ARISTOTLE.
Secreta secretorum Aristotelis [and other works]. [No imprint on
title, colophon:] Lugduni impressus in edibus Antonii Bla[n]chard
anno d[omi]ni M.D.xxviii. die xxiii. mensis Martii.
Lyon: Antoine Blanchard for Louis Martin, +z8.
8vo: AK
8
, L
(
(blank L(), 8( leaves, . 8 [+] (last leaf blank). Gothic
letter, title within a woodcut border made up of ( blocks, ; and +z-line
white on black initials and a ne +-line historiated initial F on f.
showing hares boxing; device of Louis Martin on 8v.
+( x ++mm. Moderate browning; a fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, gilt and gauered edges, no free
endleaves, traces of ties, manuscript lettering on top edge and spine.
Soiled, upper inner hinge broken.
Provenance: No marks of ownership. A few ink lines in the margins
and a z-word annotation on 6v.
Second edition of this collection, apparently a reprint of the edition
printed at Paris in +zo with the same contents. The Secret of secrets
was rst printed c. +(;z. Durling z;o; Baudrier V, p. +o(.
The pseudo-Aristotelian Secreta secretorum has been called the most
popular book of the middle ages and deals with the science of government,
astrology, alchemy and, the greater part of the work, hygiene, diet and
medicine. It is supposed to have been written by Aristotle as a series of letters
addressed to Alexander the Great, but is in reality a compilation of the 8th
century. Numerous manuscripts survive and Thorndike notes that the texts
vary considerably but gives no guidance on distinguishing them. The rst
printed edition (Cologne c. +(;z) is the translation by Philippus Tripolitanus,
also used for the present edition (Durling).
The Secreta secretorum occupies the rst ( leaves and is followed by six
shorter works: Aristotle, De signis aquarus ventorum et tempestatum; and
De mineralibus; Alexander of Aphrodisias, De intellectu; Averoes, De
beatitudine anime; Achillini, De universalibus, and pseudo-Alexander the
Great, Ad Aristotelem de mirabilibus Indie.
A delightful copy of an attractively printed book. The subtle elegance of the
gilt edged, but otherwise plain binding represents the top end of the laced
cased hierarchy (Nicholas Pickwoad, private communication). Antoine
Blanchard has used a nice set of blocks for the title border, there is a charming
initial F showing hares boxing, some more run-of-the-mill woodcuts and
Louis Martins device of two unicorns. Blanchard worked exclusively for
booksellers, rather than publishing on his own account. A good part of his
small output was of medical books, and these were, unless otherwise indicated
(as here), printed for Barthlemy Trot, including the two editions of
Mundinus, in +z8 and ++.
6
ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA (d. ++?)
Opera
Arnaldi de villanova medici acutissimi op[er]a nuperrime revisa: una
cum ipsius vita recenter hic apposita. Cu[m]que tractatu de
philosophoru[m] lapide. Addtionibus marginalibus tabulaque librorum
et capitolorum in hac novissima impressione: diligenter additis.
Venundantur lugnuni apud scipionem de gabiano in vico mercuriali
sub signo fontis. [Colophon:] Lugd. i[m]ressa in calchographia honesti
viri Jacobi myt. Anno domini. M.cccccxxii. die vero. x. mensis Junii.
Lyon: Jacob Myt for Scipio de Gabiano, +z.
Folio: AA
8
, BB
6
, az
8
&
8
?
8
#
8
AN
8
O
6
, z leaves, . [+(] +8. Gothic
letter. Title printed in red and black within a woodcut border from a
single block and with a woodcut device; (, 6 and +z-line initials;
woodcut astrological diagrams on f. z(v.
o x zomm. Titlepage soiled, light marginal waterstains. A good
fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum with remains of ties. Soiled and
cockled with old repairs to spine and sides.
Provenance: Underlining and marginal marks and about z words of
contemporary annotation, heaviest in the section on epilepsy, . ++
+;. Georgius Klo M. D. Francfurti ad Moenum, bookplate,
probably Georg Franz Burkhard Kloss (+;8;+8(); Sir Francis
Palgrave (+;88+86+), archivist and historian (see ODNB), inscription
on title dated +6 October +8(o.
Later edition, a reprint of the Lyon, +zo edition (rst Lyon +o().
Adams A+8+; Durling o; Baudrier VII, p. +;6; Gtlingen V, Myt
+z6.
Arnalds teaching and writing established the scholastic curriculum at the
medical school at Montpellier, the most important centre of medical
education in the middle ages. He was principally responsible for the fusion of
the Western empirical tradition with the systematic medical philosophy of the
Greeks and Arabs. Compared with his predecessors at Montpellier he lectured
on a much wider range of Hippocratic and Galenic works. On his advice the
Papal bull of 8 September +o, which regularised medical education at
Montpellier, dened a set of fteen Greek and Arab texts as the basis for future
study. At the same time he was evidently committed to experience rather than
to theory or to authority. (McVaugh).
Several of the texts in the Opera are now thought to be apocryphal, including
the most famous medical work once attributed to him, the Commentum super
regimen sanitatis Salernitanum. The alchemical texts also now appear to be of
doubtful authenticity, especially since Arnaldus himself considered alchem-
ists to be ignorant and foolish. Those printed in the Opera are Rosarius
philosophorum, Novum lumen, Flos orum, and Epistola super alkimia. All were
reprinted in one or more of the great alchemical collections.
Arnalds family may originally have been Provenal, but he himself was
Catalan by birth, probably from Valencia. He was a student at Montpellier
from about +z6o and by +z8+ had become physician to Peter III of Aragon, and
then to his successors, Alfonso III and James II. By +z+ Arnald was a medical
master at the newly chartered studium generale, but he was repeatedly called
back to Spain for professional consultations. The life of Arnaldus prefaced to
the Opera is by Symphorien Champier.
Michael McVaugh, DSB +: z8z+.
y
ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA (d. ++?)
Opera omnia. Cum Nicolai Taurelli medici & philosophi in quosdam
libros annotationibus: indice item copiosissimo... Basileae ex ocina
Pernea per Conradum Waldkirch. M D XXCV.
Basle: heirs of Peter Perna for Konrad von Waldkirch, +8.
Folio: ):(
6
az
6
AzZ
6
AANN
6
OO
(
PPXX
6
, (( leaves, . [6] cols
+zo;z (i.e. zo6(, +;+;8 omitted), . [z8]. Roman letter with Italic
headings, text in double columns, Woodcut printers device on title,
woodcut initials, astrological diagrams in cols zo666.
+8 x z+omm. Titlepage soiled and with early inscriptions erased,
brown stain on last leaf, some light waterstains at the beginning and
end of the volume. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind-stamped calf, the sides with foliage
panels enclosing vertical strips from rolls with full length
personications of the virtues, brass catches on upper board but straps
and hooks lacking. Head and tail of spine chipped, upper joint cracked
but cords holding, endleaves sometime replaced.
Provenance: Bookplate removed from front pastedown; Drs Th. Ronz,
small stamp on verso of title. Occasional underlining and marginal
marks and a word or two of annotation.
The last complete edition. Earlier editions: Lyon, +o(, +o, +zo, +z;
Venice, +o, +z;. vb+6 A 6(; Adams A; Bird z+o; Durling +o;
Manchester +; Wellcome (;.
A handsome copy of the most complete edition of the Opera and, in the
absence of a modern scholarly edition, still the standard edition of Arnalds
works. Only one tract is not included, De conservatione visus, not published
until +o (in Collectio ophthalmologica veterum auctorum, I, Paris, +o, +z).
8
ARTICELLA
Articella nuperrime impressa cu[m] quamplurimis tractatibus
pristine impressio[n]i superadditis: ut patet i[dest] pagina seque[s]ti.
Petri pomarii Valentini hispani ad lector[e]m hexastycho[n]...
[Colophon:] Imp[re]ssum Lugduni per Antoniu[m] du Ry. Impe[n]sis
domino honesti viri Jacobi q[uondam] Fra[n]cisci de Giuncta
Florentini: ac socioru[m]. Anno d[omi]ni. Mcccccxxv. die.xv.Maii.
Lyon: Antoine du Ry for Jacques Giunta, +z.
8vo: az
8
, &
8
, ?
8
, #
8
, AU
8
, 68 leaves, . ccclxx (i.e. xxxlxviii, cclxv and
cclxvi omitted). Gothic letter in double columns, title printed in red
and black within a woodcut border, woodcut initials, printers device
on verso of last leaf, diagrams on f. cclxxiii verso and a full page
woodcut on f. ccclxvi recto.
+8 x +oomm. Titlepage and last leaf very worn and frayed and
strengthened with tissue; worm tracks in the inner margins touching
a few letters, a few headlines shaved, waterstained, paper brittle.
Binding: Nineteenth-century vellum boards.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription in Greek on title. ( words of
annotation in Latin on . clxxvii-viii and ; on f. cccxxi.
Later edition (rst +(;6). Seventeen editions were printed before the end of
+. Durling notes that the contents of this edition are the same as the
Lyon editions of ++ and ++. Durling +; Baudrier VI, pp. ++6.
The Articella is a collection of ancient and medieval medical treatises,
including the Isagoge Ioannitii ad Tegni Galieni, based on Galens Art of
healing by the Baghdad physician and polyglot H
.
unayn ibn Is
.
haq (d. c. 8;),
and works by al-Majus (Haly Abbas), Ibn S na (Avicenna), Hippocrates,
Celsus, Arnaldus de Villanova and others.

AVERROS IBN RUSHD (++z6++8)

Colliget Averoys Medici ut acutissima ita presta[n]tissimi, cum
marginariis adnotationibus dilige[n]tissima (ubi congruere visum est)
additis Adiecta est et tabula rerum scitu necessariarum in prinipio
operis quo que scire volueris tibi facilius occurra[n]t. ++.
Venundantur Lug. ab Jacobo de Giunti. [Colophon:] Excudebat
Lugduni Joan[n]es Crispin dictus du Carre mandante honestissimo
viro Jacobo de Giunti. ++. mense Mayo.
Lyon: Jean Crespin for Jacques Giunta, ++.
8vo: AY
8
, +;6 leaves, . [(] +;+ [+]. Gothic letter in double columns.
Title printed in red and black within a woodcut border, woodcut
initials, printers device on verso of last leaf, otherwise blank.
+6+ x +omm. Inscription partially erased from title damaging
woodcut border; wormholes in title and rst leaf repaired aecting a
word on the title and words in the index on the following three pages.
Light browning but apart from the title leaf a good fresh copy.
Binding: Recent vellum.
Provenance: Early inscription on title partially erased leaving the word
Bibliothec. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
Later edition (rst Ferrara, +(8z), issued as the second part of Avenzoar,
Geminum de medica facultate opus. Part II only of Durling ;o; Baudrier
VI, pp. +(o; Gltlingen VI, Crespin, (.
Ibn Rushds major work in medicine, Kitab al-Kull ya t, Book of General
Principals. It is divided into seven books, on Anatomy, Health, Sickness,
Symptoms, Drugs and Foods, Hygiene, and Therapy. The Latin translation
was made in Padua in +z by Bonacosa and rst printed at Venice in +(8z and
frequently reprinted.
In the Colliget, Ibn Rushd was the rst to attribute photoreceptor properties
to the retina. He was also one of the rst to depart from the Greek emanation
theory of vision in which rays passed from the eye to the object and back again
(Albert, Norton and Huertes p.+6).
This edition was issued with a work by Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar). It has its own
titlepage (utilising the same woodcut border) with imprint and date, so could
have been issued independently. The partially erased inscription on the
titlepage of this copy seems to suggest this, but on the other hand the majority
of copies in libraries are bound with the Ibn Zuhr.
to
BARTHOLOMAEUS ANGLICUS, (+th century)
De proprietatibus rerum
[+r] Liber de proprietatib[us] reru[m] Bartholomei anglici. [*zr]
Incipiu[n]t tituli librorum et capitulorum venerabilis Bartholomei
anglici de proprietatibus rerum. [Rv] Explicit liber de proprietatibus
reru[m] editus a fratre Bartholomeo anglico ordinis fratrum minorum.
Impressus Argentine Anno d[omi]ni. M.cccc.xci. Finitus altera die
post sestum sancti Laurenii martyris.
Strasbourg: printer of the I8 Jordanus de Quedlinburg (Georg Husner),
II August, +(+.
Folio:
6
ab
8
cd
6
e
8
fg
6
h
8
ik
6
l
8
m n
6
o
8
pz
6
AR
6
(R6 blank),
z; of z8 unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter, z lines in double
columns. Initial spaces with guide letters except for the larger initial
spaces on a+r and a(r which are blank (cf. Bod-inc B-o6 Woodcut
initials, but this is an error).
z6 x +88mm. Blank lower margin of second leaf ((omm) cut away and
restored with old paper; a few headlines shaved. Some leaves browned
and foxed and some isolated waterstains. A reasonably fresh copy.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: A few words of contemporary annotation and marginal
marks in ink and red chalk. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
Later edition (rst, Basle, +(;+). ISTC IB.zo6o; Go B-+(o; Klebs
+(.++; Walsh z(; z(; Bod-inc B-o6; BMC I +(z; BSB-Ink B-8;
GW (+z; Ritter 6;.
Ostensibly written for the plain people (simplices et rudes), Bartholomews
encyclopaedia was adopted as a university text book and was enormously
popular for three centuries. Comprehensive and methodical though it was,
Sarton concluded that on the whole it represented a state of knowledge which
was already superseded. On the other hand Bartholomew had a genuine taste
for natural history... his descriptions of plants and animals contain original
touches which are exceedingly delightful. His herbal was by far the most
notable work of its kind writen by an Englishman in the Middle Ages. The
political geography of Europe contains a quantity of information which had
not been put together before.
Bartholomew was born in England though his parentage is obscure and
probably studied at Oxford, perhaps with Grosseteste. He became a Fran-
ciscan and taught at Paris and Magdeburg.
Pagel cites Bartholemew (giving the page reference to this edition which he
must have owned at the time) in discussing the etymology of the Latin cor,
heart, which Harvey derrived from currere, runs, but which Bartholomew
derived from cura, care (William Harveys Biological Ideas, p. zzz).
Sarton II, pp. 86;.
tt
BARTHOLOMAEUS ANGLICUS, (+th century)
Le grand proprietaire de toutes choses. Tresutile et protable pour
tenir le corps humain en sant. Contenant plusieurs diverses maladies, &
dont ilz procedent, & aussi les remedes preservatifz. Avec les proprietez
du ciel, de la terre, des bestes, des oyseaulx, des pierres, & des metaulx, &
autre matiere moult bonne pour toute personne qui volunt savoir
diverses choses. Translat de Latin en Franois, par maistre Jean
Corbichon, *Additions nouvellement faictes. Les vertus & proprietez des
eaues articielles, & des herbes. Les Nativitez des hommes & des
femmes, solon les douze signes, & plusieurs receptes contre aucunes
maladies. Remede moult utile & protable contre ebure pestilecieuse &
autre maniere depidimie, aprouv par plusieurs docteurs en medecine. A
Paris. Par Loys de Banville, tenant sa bouticque en la grand Salle du
Palays, pres la Chappelle de messieurs les Presidens. +6.
Paris: Louis de Banville, +6.
Folio: a
6
AZ
6
AAPP
6
OO
8
, zo leaves, . [6] ccxxiv. Roman letter
in double columns, woodcut initials, device on title and z8 woodcuts
on z+ leaves, some with decorative borders from separate blocks.
o+ x +mm. Ruled in red throughout. Titlepage soiled, overall very
light browning. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century mottled calf, gilt spine. Head and tail of
spine chipped, joints cracked but cords holding, corners worn.
Provenance: Two early signatures washed out on titlepage but almost
legible, one could be Jonbert.
The last French edition (rst French, Lyon, +(8z). A title page variant has
the imprint of Estienne Grouleau. Cf ocLc +(++(+; inNioo6zz+;.
This edition is illustrated by a series of old-fashioned woodcuts, many
presumably from Hortus sanitatis editions of a generation earlier. As in
previous editions there is a dissection scene, this one printed from a block rst
used in a French edition of Mundinus, Anatomie de Mondini Paris, A. Lotrian
and D. Janot, +z (Wolf-Heidegger no. 6).
Gerhard Wolf-Heidegger, Die anatomische Sektion in bildlicher Darstellung (+6;).
tz
BEDE, the Venerable, Saint (6;;)
De natura rerum et temporum ratione libri duo. Nunc recens
inventi, & in lucem editi. Gustum quendam, humanissime lector,
habes operum Bedae, eorum quae antea no extabant, quem si
probabis, ecies ut primum tomum desideratum hactenus, nobis
vero nuper situ prolatum, simus quaque prima occasione edituri.
Basileae excudebat Henricus Petri mense martio, An: M. D. XXIX.
Cum gratia & privilegio Caesareo.
Basle: Heinrich Petri, +z.
Folio:
6

(
al
6
m
8
, o leaves, . [+6] ;(. Roman letter. Woodcut
initials and a headpiece on f. (8.
z6 x ++mm. Title lightly dustsoiled, marginal repair to blank margin
of last leaf. A fresh clean copy.
Binding: Recent half morocco.
Provenance: No marks of provenance, a few nineteenth-century pencil
annotations.
First edition. This recension was not reprinted, all later editions deriving
from dierent manuscript sources. vb+6 B+(; Adams B((.
The rst scientic works by an Englishman. This edition comprises the editio
princeps of Bedes three authentic scientic works: De natura rerum, De
temporibus and De temporum ratione. Many other computistical and scientic
works have been ascribed to Bede but these three are the only complete works
of undoubted authenticity. De natura rerum deals with natural phenomena,
including Bedes statement that the earth is a sphere and explainations of the
changing length of the day and the appearance of the moon. The rst chapter,
De computu vel loquela digitorum, is the main, and almost the only, source
for the study of mediaeval nger reckoning or symbolism. The work is based
on Isidore of Seville, but Bede was the most synthetic mind of that time, and
his acquaintance with Pliny enabled him to go far beyond Isidore of Seville
(Sarton). De tempore provides an introduction to the principles of calculating
the date of Easter and De tempore ratione contains the rst formulation of a
perpetual cycle of Easters based on the Metonic nineteen-year lunar cycle. It
is in this work too that Bede established the convention that governs our
everyday lives: the custom of counting the years from the birth of Christ. And
it contains his important theory of tides, based on Pliny but advanced by
personal observation. Bede understood that the tides are governed by the
phases of the moon, and was the rst to state the tidal principle of estab-
lishment of port, the principle that high tide follows the moons meridian
passage at a certain interval, and that this interval is dierent at dierent ports.
This most essential principle for coastal navigation has been described as the
only original formulation of nature made in the West for eight centuries.
Bede was born in or near Jarrow, county Durham, entered the Benedictine
monastery at Wearmouth and transferred to the sister house of Jarrow. He
remained there for the rest of his life and apparently never travelled more than
fty miles from his monastery. Bedes Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, for
which he is known as the father of British history, rst published at Strasbourg
in +(;, was one of the rst historical books to be printed.
Adelard of Bath (c.+o8oc.++6o) is traditionally called The rst English
scientist but Bede would seem to have a prior claim. Sarton named the rst
half of the eighth century The time of Bede and he is the rst Englishman to
have an entry in the Dictionary of Scientic Biography.
The editor of this edition was John Sichardus, a humanist scholar at Basle
who was responsible for the rst printed editions of many classic texts. In his
study of Bedes scientic works, both authentic and spurius, Jones comments
on this edition as follows. Sichardus edition is beautifully printed; it is
apparently scarce, for I have not seen a copy in America, and it is seldom
mentioned by those who comment upon Bedes works. The texts were
probably taken from a single manuscript. That of the long work, De Temporum
Ratione, belongs to a family represented by Paris MS., Theol. Q. +;z (saec. xii,
from Chomberg): and Munich MS., +8+8 (seac. xi, from Tegernsee). This
family of manuscripts is especially marked by the omission of DTR, Ch. XV
(De Mensibus Anglorum). The omission of the chapter in Sichardus text
indicates that he did not compare manuscripts. (Jones p. 6.)
Sarton I, pp. +o++; Charles Williams Jones, Bedae pseudepigrapha: scientic
writings falsely attributed to Bede (+) pp. 6; Ibid, DSB I, pp. ;666.
t
BEGARDI, Philippus
Index sanitatis: Eyn schns und vast ntzlichs Bchlin, gen[n]t
Zeyger der gesundtheyt, Den jhenen, so kranck seind, vnd nit wissens
haben, wie, wo vn[d] mit was massen sie widerumb bekommen mgen
vnd erlange[n] recht volkommende gesundtheyt zu trost gemacht und
an[d] tag geben. Durch Philippum Begardi der Freien kunst vn[d]
Artznei Doctorem, der zeit der Lblichen Keyserlichen Reichstatt
Wormbs Physicum vnd Leibartzet. Zu Wrombs truckts Sebastianus
Wagner. [no date on titlepage, colophon]... M. D. xxxix. Den xx. tag
des Augsmonats.
Worms: Sebastian Wagner, +.
Folio:
(
AL
(
, (8 leaves, . [(] XLIIII. Gothic letter. Large
wooodcut on title, 8 and +( line white on black initials.
z88 x +mm. Small wormholes in corners and margins and a few
large holes through the text towards the end; marginal waterstaining,
rst and last leaves soiled, page edges frayed towards the end. Still a
reasonably fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Recent panelled calf, red painted and gauered edges from a
former binding.
Provenance: From the gauering it appears that this work was formerly
bound with, or formed a companion to, nos , ; and +o8.
Inscription on verso of title Warowpka Jar R Maker. About +o words
of early annotation and NBs in the margins.
First edition. vb+6 B+(6;.
This popular guide to health is an important source for the historical Dr
Faustus. Begardi, City Physician of Worms, says he knows a number of people
duped by Faust, an arrogant swindler who boasted great skill in medicine and
referred to himself as another Paracelsus. He mentions Faust as a man who
was well known, but of whom nothing had been heard lately.
The vivid title woodcut (+6o x +mm) is a medical scene showing the male
patient on a bed attended by two women and a young physician. The text
contains some ne white on black woodcut initials decorated with stylised
plant forms.
tq
BERENGARIO DA CARPI, Jacopo (c. +(6o+o)
Isagog[a]e Breves, perlucide ac uberrime, in anatomia[m] humani
corporis, a, com[m]uni medicoru[m] academia usitat[a], a, Carpo in
almo gymnasio ordinaria[m] chirurgie publice docente, ad suo[rum]
scholasticoru[m] p[re]ces in lucem date... Nicolaus Bargilius Bonon.
dissecuit varios hominem Mundinus in artus subiciens cupidis
qu[ae]q[ue] videnda oculis. Mundinum at melior divisit Carpus: &
auxit: ne foret, alcerutru[m] qui sibi forte paret. Idem. In Carpo seri
discent tua scripta ne potes h[a]ec Mundine charta loquentur anus.
[Colophon] Anno Virginei partus. M.D.XXII. Sub die. xxx.
Dece[m]bris. Imp[re]ssum Bononi[a]e p[er] Benedictu[m] Hectoris
bibliopola[m] Bonon[um].
Bologna: Benedetto Faelli, +zz.
(to: AI
8
, . ;z. Roman letter, title within a cribl woodcut border,
initial spaces with guide letters, printers device on f;zr. + large and z
smaller anatomical woodcuts.
z+z x +(mm. Titlepage soiled and bound tight obscuring some of the
border at the inner margin; heavy soiling to lower outer margins and
extensive repairs to blank margins of sigs AE and I (all the leaves that
contain illustrations), tears in B+ extending into the printed captions
of two illustrations and in I and I( into the captions and woodcuts of
three illustrations, all without loss, a few letters lost on f. r; a few
small worm holes, some lled, one aecting the printers device on the
last leaf.
Binding: Re-sewn and re-cased in seventeenth-century carta rustica; no
free endleaves.
Provenance: Franciscus Justinie[?], signature, partially erased, on
titlepage. Pen trials on f. v and f. (r, some colour added to the
illustration on f. z.
First edition. A second edition, slightly enlarged, was issued by Faelli in
+z, followed by reprints, Strasbourg, +o and Venice +. Putti
pp. +(8o; cbi1+6 cNcc (z+; Wellcome ;8z; GarrisonMorton 68;
Norman +88; Waller o;.
This famous work introduced several innovations in anatomy and anatomical
illustration and is among the most important precursors of Vesalius. Beren-
gario was the author of the rst [anatomical] illustrations made from nature.
His innate feeling for the graphic arts seems to have aided him considerably
in his rst attempts (Choulant p. +8). Several of Berengarios illustrations,
such as those of the veins on f. 6;r, show the inuence of Leonardo (Herlinger
p. 8). This set of anatomical illustrations is by far the most extensive that had
appeared up to this time.
The male skeleton and muscle gures are displayed against landscape
backgrounds in the way that would be followed by Estienne and Vesalius. The
female gures are equally striking and, in contrast to the male gures, are
revealed in bedrooms, or holding sheets (or shrouds?) behind themselves.
Both the situation and the poses of the gures giving them an erotic charge;
they are modelled on works of art and inspired Estiennes female gures, but
not those of Vesalius. As Talvacchia remarks artistic conventions for the
display of the eroticized female body shared those developed for the
demonstration of female sexual organs (Talvacchia pp. +6;o). The last ve
woodcuts seem to have been intended for artists.
The Isagogae breves is a condensed version of Berengarios Commentaria on
Mondinos anatomy (+z+) and uses many of the same woodcuts, but with
signicant revisions and additions. The Commentaria was printed at Bologna
by Girolamo de Benedetto whom Choulant suggests may have cut the blocks.
Three of the woodcuts which Choulant says were intended for artists are
omitted, but the illustration of two uteri on f. zr is new, as is the muscleman
on f.6r. The second edition, printed in the following year, added three more
anatomical woodcuts and revisions to other woodcuts.
GarrisonMorton notes that this work includes a description of the valves
of the heart and Pagel discusses Berengarios views on the disputed septum of
the heart in the Commentaria (William Harveys Biological Ideas, p. +).
Though he does not mention the Isagogae specically he would no doubt have
been interested in what Berengario says here about the veins and the heart.
Berengario was born in Carpi, near Modena, the son of a surgeon. He took
is MD at Bologna and taught surgery rst at Pavia, then at Bologna. After +z;
he was in Ferrara and Rome where he was the rst to use mercury in the
treatment of syphilis and thereby earned a large fortune. He was regarded by
Benvenuto Cellini as a great connoisseur in the arts of design (quoted by
Choulant, p. +6).
Vittorio Putti, Berengario da Carpi; saggio biograco e bibliograco, seguito dalla
traduzione del De fractura calvae sive cranei (+;); Ludwig Choulant, trs and
annotated by Mortimer Frank, History and Bibliography of Anatomic Illustration
(+() pp. +6+(z; Robert Herrlinger, History of medical illustration (+;o), pp. 8o
8; Bette Talvacchia, Taking Positions. On the Erotic in Renaissance Culture (+).
t
BERENGARIO DA CARPI, Jacopo (c. +(6o+o)
Isagogae breves et exactissimae in anatomiam humani corporis, per
illustrem medicum Carpum, in inclito Bononie[n]si gymnasio,
ordinariu[m] chyrurgiae professorem.
Strasbourg: Heinrich Sybold (printer and date from dedicatory letter),
+o.
8vo: AR
8
, +6 leaves unpaginated. Roman letter. -line historiated
initial on A. z( woodcut illustrations, mostly full page.
+( x omm. A fresh clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary calf, blind roll-stamped sides. Joints and
corners repaired, new endleaves, worn.
Provenance: Several early inscriptions on titlepage scored out and
names illegible; bookplate removed from pastedown; words of
contemporary annotation.
Third edition. Putti pp. +(; vb+6 B +;; Benzing +o8; Muller p. z,
Sybold +z; Ritter IV, ;6; Bird +; Durling ; Manchester z;
Waller o.
This edition contains the illustrations of the edition of +zz, but besides these
a group of splanchological illustrations, viz., four of the heart, two of the brain,
and myological representations dierent from those in the previous edition...
Since, however, this edition was not prepared by Berengario himself, and since
such illustrations are not found in the edition of Venice +, it seems doubtful
whether they are his at all (ChoulantFrank p. +(o).
This is presumably a piracy, with surprisingly crude and amateurish
reduced copies of the original woodcuts. Surprising because Heinrich Sybold
was a good printer, though his other publications are unillustrated. A
physician as well as a printer, Sybolds output was small, mostly in the years
+z and +o, and mostly of Italian medical writers. He printed at least six
works by Giorgio Valla, who had died in +oo, the two books by Bonacciuoli
oered below (nos +8 and +), and this Berengario.
Ludwig Choulant, trs and annotated by Mortimer Frank, History and Bibliography
of Anatomic Illustration (+() pp. +6+(z.
t6
BODENSTEIN, Adam von (+z8+;;)
Herrlicher philosophischer Rhatschlag zu curirn Pestile[n]tz,
Brustgeschwer, Carfunckl: dardurch auch andere gyt, so in spei oder
tranck ein genommen, augetriben mgen werden, sampt gytiger
thieren biss, al rasender hunden und schlangen... M.D. LXXVII.
Basle: No imprint or colophon, attributed to Peter Perna by VDI6, +;;.
8vo: AC
8
, z( leaves, pp. [+(] (. Gothic letter, combined with
Roman and Italic on title and in prelims, woodcut initial on Az.
+; x omm. Light foxing, tiny wormholes in lower margin, well away
from the text. A fresh copy.
Binding: Recent polished calf.
Provenance: words of contemporary annotation.
First edition. vb+6 ZVz+z; Durling 8.
A short treatise on the plague. There is no name in the imprint but the
publication is attributed to Peter Perna who had published Bodensteins
Onomasticon Theophrasti Paracelsi two years earlier in +;. An ardent disciple
of Paracelsus, Bodenstein was responsible for editing many of the works of his
master that began to pour out after his death. Bodenstein and Michael Schtz
(known as Toxites) had been given Paracelsus manuscripts by the Greek
scholar and publisher Johannes Oporinus (+o;+68) who had been
Paracelsus pupil and apprentice (Pagel, Paracelsus +8z, pp. + and +z6;).
ty
BODIN, Jean (+o+6)
Universae naturae theatrum. In quo rerum omnium eectrices
causae, & nes contemplantur, & continuae series quinque libris
discutiuntur... Francofurti, apud heredes Andreae Wecheli, Claudium
Marnium and Ioan. Aubr. M.D.XCVII.
Frankfurt: Claude Marne and Johann Aubry, Heirs of Andreas Wechel,
+;.
8vo: ):(
8
AzQ
8
zR
(
, z( leaves, pp. [+6] 6 (i.e. 6+, pp. ((6
omitted) [+] (last page blank). Roman letter, woodcut device on title,
woodcut initials. woodcut diagrams in the text.
+6; x8mm. Blank corner of Az torn away, waterstains on rst and
last two leaves. A good clean and fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary sti vellum with yapp edges, blind ruled sides,
remains of linen ties, green edges. A little cockled and stained but a
well preserved binding.
Provenance: No owners name or annotation.
Second edition (rst edition, Lyon +6). Another edition was printed at
Hanau in +6o; French translation +;. vb+6 B6z8; Adams Bzz(.
An enclyclopedia of natural philosophy, covering the whole of the natural
world and the celestial bodies. Intended for a scholarly, but non-specialist
audience, Ann Blairs extensive study of the work demonstrates its importance
for our understanding of the general level of scientic knowledge in the late
renaissance. The work had some success, with three Latin editions, a French
translation, and German paraphrases, but it lagged behind works such as
Cardanos De varietate. Blair gives a survey of extant copies in her chapter on
The Reception of the Theatrum, tabulating altogether +( copies of the four
editions. Most are bound singly, but copies survive bound with other works,
and she analyses these, as well as other aspects of the distribution and
ownership of the surviving copies.
Blairs work, probably the most detailed study of a work of general science
of the renaissance, makes Bodins book especially valuable for understanding
the state of knowledge in the period following the publication of the canonical
works of Copernicus, Fuchs and Vesalius.
The Theatrum was the last work of John Bodin, lawyer and political
thinker, famous for Les six livres de la republique (Paris, +;6), the foundation
of modern political science.
Ann Blair, The Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (+;).
t8
BONACCIUOLI, Luigi (d. c. +(o)
De conceptionis indiciis, nec non maris foemineiq[ue] partus
signicatione. Eiusdem. Quae utero gravibus accidant. Et eorum
medicinae. Prognostica causae[qua] euxionum & abortuum. C[um]
proceritatis i[m]proceritatisq[um] partuum causae. [G8v:]
Argentin[a]e per henricum Sybold.
Strasbourg: Heinrich Sybold (signed foreword but no imprint or date),
+o.
8vo: AH
8
, 6( unnumbered leaves, verso of last leaf blank. Roman
letter, 6 white on black woodcut initials.
+8 x +ozmm. A little dustsoiling, a few light stains, a good large and
fresh copy.
Binding: Nineteenth-century marbled boards, spine defective.
Provenance: Early inscription on title, undeciphered.
First edition. Older catalogues give the date as +; or +8 but Ritters
date of +o is now accepted. vb+6 B6(o; Adams z;6; Benzing +8;;
Muller p. z, Sybold +; Ritter IV, +oo; Durling 6+; Wellcome (.
A treatise on the signs of conception, abortion and obstetrics. It is one of
several gynaecological works by Bonacciuoli. His best known work Enneas
muliebris a, sex manual written for Lucrezia Borgia, was rst printed in +oz
and reprinted in Wolf and Spach, Gynaeciorum (+;) and again in Pineau, De
virginitatis notis (+6).
There is a brief foreword by Sybold, and at the end of Bonacciuolis work
is printed Aristotle, De indiciis quibus maris a foeminae generatione generatio
discernatur.
Bonacciuoli (or Buonaccioli in some sources) was professer of medicine at
Ferrara from sometime at the end of the fteenth century.
ODowd and Philipp note that Bonacciuoli gave detailed descriptions of
the mons veneris, clitoris and hymen, presumably this is in Enneas muliebris,
but no source is given (Michael J. ODowd and Elliot E. Philipp, The history
of obstetrics and gynaecology (+() p. 6o).
t
BONACCIUOLI, Luigi (d. c. +(o)
De uteri partiumq[ue] eius consectione. Eiusdem. Quonam usu in
abse[n]tibus etiamnum Venus citetur. Quid, quale, undeq[ue]
prolicum semen, unde me[n]strua [et]c. [Colophon:] Argentinae per
Henricum Sybold. Mense Decembri.
Strasbourg: Heinrich Sybold, +o?
8vo: AI
8
, ;z unnumbered leaves. Roman letter. -line historiated
initial on Azr and one smaller white on black woodcut initial.
+ x omm. Azr poorly inked with some loss of legibility in last few
lines; light waterstains in the lower and inner margins, faint browning.
A good fresh copy.
Binding: Early eighteenth-century French polished calf, gilt spine.
Joints cracked, head and tail of spine chipped, corners worn.
Provenance: Old shelf mark on pastedown.
First edition. Durling 6zo; vb+6 ZV zz6.
Printed after Bonacciuolis work is Aristotele, De signis quae puerorum seminis
emissionem, puellarumque viri potentiam preveniunt.
zo
BRISSOT, Pierre (+(;8+zz)
Apologetica disceptatio, qua docetur per quae loca sanguis mitti
debeat in visceru[m] inammationibus, pr[a]esertim in pleuritude.
Paris ex ocina Simonis Colinaei. M. D. XXV.
Paris: Simon de Colines, +z.
8vo: ai
8
k
6
(blank k6), ;8 unnumbered leaves. Roman letter. 6-line
cribl initials on azr, a(r and av and a (-line initial on a; woodcut
diagrams in the margins of b+ and e+ and a half-page illustration on f6.
+o x +omm. Marginal diagrams shaved; lower blank margin of k+
cut away with loss of signature only; light waterstains on a few leaves;
a good fresh copy.
Binding: Seventeenth-century English unlettered sheep, upper joint
repaired, last gathering sprung.
Provenance: Underlining and annotation in an early hand in Latin and
Greek on about (o pages, some annotations cropped; Walter Pagels
undated signature on pastedown.
First edition. Later editions, Basle +z8, +z, +o; Venice +; Paris
+6zz. Durling ;o; Renouard, Colines p. ;o; Cushing Vesaliana no. (.
Brissot aroused controversy by his practice of letting blood close to the aected
area, in opposition to the accepted wisdom of the time of letting blood away
from the aected area. The method was taken up by Vesalius in his Vene-
section epistle (+), important for the way he used his anatomical know-
ledge to justify a clinical procedure.
Brissots treatise was written in response to a violent attack on his method,
but he died just as he was about to publish it and it did not appear until three
years later with a preface by Antoine Lucens. The dispute continued after his
death between Leonhard Fuchs, Andr Thurin and Mathieu Curtius.
Brissot was born at Fontenay-le-Comte and studied medicine at Paris. He
was a passionate advocate rst of Arabic medicine, then of the Greek origins
of Arabic medicine. His love of botany took him to Portugal, where he spent
much time, and intended to go to America but stopped at Ebora where he died.
Pagel was interested in the book for Brissots description of the smallest
visible blood vessels and discusses it in his work on William Harvey as follows.
Much attention has been given to the use of [the term Capillamenta] by
Cesalpinus, by those who accorded as well as those who denied him the laurels
of priority. Harvey too used the term. However, neither the latter nor
Cesalpinus were original in doing so. Galen had spoken of synanastomoses.
He had distinguished between small spider-like vessels (mikrai arachnoeides)
and hair-like (trichoeides) vessels. Not long before Cesalpinus, Peter Brissot
(+(;8+zz) speaks in his famous treatise on blood letting of the smallest veins
which are disseminated through the body like hair (quae capillamentorum modo
per corpora disseminantur). (Pagel, William Harveys Biological Ideas, +6;, p.
+8.)
zt
BRUNO, Giordano (+(8+6oo)
De umbris idearum. Implicantibus artem, quaerendi, inveniendi,
iudicandi, ordinandi, & applicandi: ad internam scripturam, & non
vulgares per memoriam operationes explicatis... Parisiis, apud
aegidium Gorbinum, sub insigne spei, regione gymnasii
Cameracensis. M. D. LXXXII. Cum privilegio regis.
Paris: Giles Gorbin, +8z.
8vo:
*
(
, a, e, i, o
8
, u
(
, ak
(
(blank u(), +zo leaves, [(o], 8o. Roman
and Italic letter, woodcut head and tailpieces and z text illustrations.
+6( x 8mm. A little very light soiling and paper discolouration,
marginal waterstains on a few leaves. A ne fresh and only lightly
pressed copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century crimson morocco, triple gilt let borders
to sides, at gilt spine with green morocco lettering piece, blue paste-
paper endleaves, gilt edges. A trie rubbed.
Provenance: Early signatures on titlepage Ex libris g. Mascolti and Ex
libriae Johannes Massolaei; Richard Heber (+;;+8) English book-
collector, small bookstamp on free endleaf; Duke of Hamilton,
engraved armorial bookplate; Walter Pagels signature dated +(.
First edition. Adams Bzz; Salvestrini z; Sturlese +.
Brunos rst book and one of his major works on the art of memory. It presents
a complex system integrating mnemonics, psychology and Hermetic magic.
The transformation of the art of memory into magical practices forms the basis
of the long accepted reading of the text by Frances Yates. However more
recent analysis of the book shows that Brunos memory images work as
systems of logical communication. In this view, the memory images used by
Bruno form systems of logical connection and communication. This
interpretation seems to be supported by Brunos statement at his trial. When
the French King, Henri III, to whom the work is dedicated, asked Bruno if his
memory techniques worked by magic or by art (scienza), he replied that he
could demonstrate that they worked by art.
In his memory system Bruno used the signs of the zodiac and Lullian
memory wheels composed of numbers and letters from ancient alphabets.
Their meaning has been much discussed. Were these constructed to contain
magic energies and powers that the Magus could manipulate; or are they
calculatory tables, used in the formation of words or phrases linked to images
designed to help memorise them? Such opposing views demonstrate the
extraordinary vitality of Brunos text, a text that has inspired and frustrated
commentators for centuries.
In this early work the key elements of Brunos world view are already appar-
ent: an innite universe composed of constantly moving atoms; and the sun at
the centre of the universe. Bruno was certainly familiar with the work of
Copernicus during his time in Paris, where De umbris idearum was written and
published, and probably earlier as a copy of De revolutionibus (znd edition,
+66) with the signature Brunus Fr[ater] D[ominicus] is fairly well authenti-
cated as Brunos own copy (Gingerich, Annotated Census no. II.(). Heliocen-
trism is in the present work discussed in mystical and Hermetic terms; Brunos
full discussion of Copernicanism is in his De cena de le ceneri (London, +8().
Bruno was born in Nola, a small town near Naples, and at the age of +
entered the Dominican order there. In the monastery of San Dominico he was
trained in scholastic philosophy and became procient in the art of memory,
for which the Dominicans were noted. Early on he formed a belief in the
pseudo-Egyptian religion described in the texts supposed to have been written
by Hermes Trismegistus. This religion he believed to be older than Judaism
or Christianity, and to have been suppressed by these inferior religions. Once
these heretical views became known Bruno had to leave Naples and begin his
wandering life, including time spent in France, England and in Germany. He
returned to Italy in ++ mistakenly believing that he would be well received,
but he was almost immediately arrested. He was tried for heresy, rst in
Venice, where he recanted, and then in Rome, where his trial dragged on for
8 years. He nally refused to recant any of his views and was burnt at the stake
in February +6oo.
A full analysis of Frances Yates interpretation of De umbris idearum and the more
scientic reading of Rita Sturlese is given by Hilary Gatti, Giordano Bruno and
Renaissance Science (+), especially pp. and +;88+. Virgilio Salvestrini and
Luigi Firpo, Bibliograa delle opera di Giordano Bruno (znd edition, +8); Rita
Sturlese, Bibliograa, censimento e storia delle antiche stampe di Giordano Bruno
(Florence, +8;).
zz
BRUNO, Giordano (+(8+6oo)
De imaginum, signorum, et idearum compositione. Ad omnia
inventionum, dispositionum, & memoriae genera libri tres...
Francofurti apud Iaon. Wechelum et Petrum Fischerum consortes.
++.
Frankfurt: Johann Wechel and Peter Fischer, ++.
8vo: (:)
(
, AANN
8
, OO
(
(blank OO(), ++z leaves, pp. [8], +zz [i.e.
z+o], [6] (last z pages blank). Roman and Italic letter. Woodcut device
on title and +o woodcut text illustrations, typographic diagrams and
tables in the text.
[bound with:]
De triplici minimo et mensura ad trium speculativarum scientiarum
& multarum activarum artium principia, libri V... Francofurti apud
Ioannem Wechelum et Petrum Fischerum consortes, MDLXXXXI.
Frankfurt: Johann Wechel and Peter Fischer, ++.
8vo: a
(
, AN
8
, O
(
P
z
, ++( leaves, pp. [8], z+8, [z]. Roman and Italic
letter, woodcut printers device on title, woodcut headpieces and
initials and + text illustrations.
+ x o(mm. Very light paper discolouration, ne fresh copies.
Binding: Two works bound together in nineteenth-century burgundy
morocco, gilt edges. A trie rubbed.
Provenance: Duke of Hamilton, armorial bookplate; Walter Pagels
signature dated +(.
First editions. I: vb+6 B86+; Adams Bz(; Salvestrini zo;; Sturlese z;.
II: vb+6 B866z; Adams Bz+; Salvestrini +;; Sturlese z(.
These two works published in ++ are complementary, though apparently
dierent in subject matter. De imaginum is Brunos last work, and is on the art
of memory, the subject with which he began his publishing career twenty years
earlier with De umbris idearum.
De triplici minimo et mensura is a work on the foundations of mathematics.
As the title announces, this deals with the minimum, the maximum and
measuring. It is the work in which Bruno brought to completion his reection
on the mathematics of his time by linking it inextricably to the denition of his
atomism... It takes into consideration simple objects: the elements considered
are limits, the minimum, size, founded on the straight line, the angle, and the
triangle. The ultimate demonstrations of these elements are the temples of
Apollo, Minerva, and Venus, formed by touching, intersecting, and circum-
scribing circles. In all these temples all gures, numbers, and measures are
implicit, represented, and explicit in virtue of the denitions, axioms, and
theories they embody (Gatti p. +(;). These mathematical entities are not,
however, consonant with the concept of mathematical entities having a direct
relationship with the natural world that would develop in the seventeenth
century. Indeed Gatti goes so far as to say that Brunos mathematics has more
in common with concepts of measurement in twentieth-century quantum
mechanics. In the De triplici minimo Bruno investigates the possibility that
numbers and Euclidean geometry can act as the mnemonics required to reveal
the nature of nite bodies composed of atomic minimums in a universe of
innite space. Then, at the very end of the book, he seems to lose faith in
number as a tool for determining quantity... Bruno nishes the De triplici
minimo by considering the possibility of forming symbolic reference systems
not out of numbers but of letters. Bruno was not thinking of an algebra... but
rather... the creation of a new symbolic language comparable to that of
mathematics (Gatti p. +;+). Bruno developed just such a symbolic language
in his works on the art of memory, on which De imaginum is his last word.
The importance of De imaginum was recognised by Hegel as an attempt to
oer a scientic treatment of the mental image in terms of the complex
functioning of the mind in time and space. The De imaginum starts with a
theoretical investigation of images in the mind which, as Bruno himself
admits, treats the problem as already elaborated in the early De umbris
idearum... Bruno goes on to attempt to give an account of how various types
and classes of images are formulated in the mind, to discover the unifying
criteria that underlie them, and to demonstrate the ways in which an art of
memory can be established to remember and manipulate letters and words. A
notable aspect of his treatment of the theme of images is the idea that language
is fundamentally coexistent with the presence of images in the mind. (Gatti
pp. +6+;). Bruno believed that imagery arises out of a collective uncon-
scious. In De imaginum he investigates the ancient and traditional sources of
imagery, dealing particularly with the imagery of astrology.
For detailed analyses of these two books, see Hilary Gattis linked chapters, Epist-
emology I: Brunos Mathematics; and Epistemology II: Picture Logic, in Gior-
dano Bruno and Renaissance Science (+), chapter and +o, pp. +(+;o; +;+zo.
z
BRUNO, Giordano (+(8+6oo)
De monade numero et gura consequens quinque de minimo
magno & mensura. Item de innumerabilibus, immenso, & ingurabili;
seu de universo & mundis libri octo... Francofurti, apud Joan.
Wechelum & Petrum Fischerum consortes.
Frankfurt: Johann Wechel and Peter Fischer, ++.
8vo: ):(
8

*
(
AzS
8
, (o leaves, pp. [z(] 6 [+] (last page blank).
Roman and Italic letter, woodcut head and tail-pieces and initials, ((
woodcut illustrations and a few diagrams and tables made up of rules
and type.
+o x omm. ioc Lcavcs,
*
+(, iN ino1ooainic iacsi:iLc, 1wo
1nibs oi Las1 Lcai 1oN awav aNb cs1ocb iN oLb icN iacsi:iLc.
Corners rounded, page edges browned, intermittent foxing and some
staining.
Binding: Recent half calf.
Provenance: Inscription on p. +(; Banon. +686. Edr:.
First edition. vb+6 B866; Adams Az(8; Salvestrini zo+; Sturlese z.
This is the second work of the Frankfurt trilogy, Brunos last three philo-
sophical works published at Frankfurt in ++: De triplici minimo et mensura; the
present work; and De immenso et innumerabilibus, seu de universo et mundis. In
the rst of these works... Bruno denes the terms of his revaluation of ancient
atomism and his commitment ot Euclidean geometry. In the second [the
present work] he discusses the concepts of traditional Pythagorean number
symbolism, dening and commenting on the accepted meanings of the
numbers from + to +o. It is clear, however, that his insistence on the importance
of the monad, indicated in the title, links this work with the monadic or
atomistic theories proposed in the rst work of the trilogy. Only in the third
and last work of the trilogy, the De imenso, is Bruno primarily concerned with
cosmological speculation. (Gatti p. z.)
Pagel cites this work for Brunos exposition of his philosophy of circles, the
circularity of natural proceses, and the centrality of the heart in the microcosm.
The motion of the blood from the heart and back to the heart is referred to,
though not as clearly as in another work published in the same year, De rerum
principiis et elementis et causis (++).
Hilary Gatti, Giordano Bruno and Renaissance Science (+); Walter Pagel, William
Harveys Biological Ideas pp. +o++ and Giordano Bruno, the philosophy of
circles and the circular movement of the blood, Journal of Medical History, 6 (++),
++6+z(.
zq
CAIUS, John (++o+;)
De medendi methodo libri duo, ex Galeni Pergameni, & Io.
Baptistae Montani... opus utile, & iam primum natum. Basileae M. D.
XLIIII. Cum Imp. Maiestatis privilegio. [Colophon:] Basileae apud
Hieronymum Froben & Nicolaum Episcopium Anno M. D. XLIIII.
Basle: Hieronymus Froben the elder and Nikolaus Episcopius the elder, +((.
8vo: ag
8
(g; blank), of 6 leaves, pp. +o; []. Roman letter with
Italic for the dedication. Woodcut printers device on title and verso of
last leaf, large historiated initials.
+( x +omm. Corner of titlepage and b( bleached; stains on inner
margin of titlepage; small holes in blank margins of colophon leaf.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco.
Provenance: 8 words of contemporary annotation, rather faint, near the
beginning. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition. Reprinted in Opera aliquot et versiones (Louvain, +6). vb+6
K6; Adams C++6; Bird ((; Durling ;; Wellcome ++6.
Caius was a learned, intelligent, if not always scrupulous Galenist. His De
methodo medendi, he claimed, had the merit of bringing the new, humanist
Galenism to public attention its real author, Montanus, was outraged at the
plagiarism, but Caius reprinted the book in the Louvain collection of +6.
(Vivian Nutton in ODNB)
At the age of z Caius left his comfortable academic life as a fellow of
Gonville Hall, Cambridge to study medicine at Padua. There he shared a
house with Vesalius, four years his junior and recently appointed professor of
anatomy. They also shared an interest in studying Galenic anatomy
manuscripts. But while Caius gained a lifelong commitment to Galen and an
evangelical zeal for the return of Galenic principles to modern medicine,
Vesalius researches led him in the opposite direction. His dissections revealed
errors in Galen which no amount of scholarly editing and translating could
resolve. Caius returned to England, his faith in Galen unshaken, and set up as
a physician in London. He became extremely wealthy, leaving large bene-
factions to the College of Physicians and to his old Cambridge College,
refounded in +; as Gonville and Caius College generally referred to as
Caius College.
z
CELSUS, Aulus Cornelius (. a.b. z)
De re medica libri octo, inter Latinos eius professionis autores facil
principis: ad veterum & recentiu[m] exemplarium dem, necnon
doctorum hominum iudicium, summa diligentia excusi. Accessit...
Scribonii Largi... Compositionu[m] medicamentorum: nunc primum,
tineis & blattis, ereptus industria Joannis Ruellii doctoris disertissimi.
Parisiis apud Christianum Wechel, sub scuto Basiliensi. M.D. XXIX.
[Colophon:] Excudebat Parisiis Simon Silvius Anno Domini. M. D.
XXVIII. mense Octobri.
Paris: Simon du Bois for Chrtien Wechel, +z.
Folio: AB
6
C
8
AY
6
;
*
6
z
*
(
zAzF
6
(blanks Y8 and z
*
(), +8
leaves, . [zo] ++ [+]; [+o] + [] including the blanks. Text in Roman
letter, with Italic in preliminary matter. Title within a woodcut border,
a ne series of 6-line historiated initials and smaller decorated initials.
[bound with:]
GALEN
Liber de plenitudine. Polybus de salubri victus ratione privatorum.
Guinterio Joanne Andernaco interprete. Apuleius Platonicus de
herbarum virtutibus. Antonii Benivenii Libellus de abditis nonullis ac
mirandis morboru[m] & sanationum causis. Prostant in vico Jacobaeo,
apud Christianu[m] Wechel, sub scuto Basileinsi. M. D. XXVIII.
Paris: Simon du Bois for Chrtien Wechel, +z8
Folio: aagg
6
; AACC
6
6 zD
(
(zD(), 6 of 6( leaves, . (z; z+,
LackiNo 1nc coLoinoN Lcai zD(. Type and initials as above.
z;o x +zmm. Narrow strip cut away from head of rst title leaf and a
larger strip (z;mm) from the foot restored with minimal loss to
woodcut border; rst title dustsoiled and discoloured, marginal
waterstains in prelims; multiple worm holes at the beginning and end
of the volume, one or two round holes through the text of the rst
work, several elongated holes in the text of the second work. After the
prelims of the rst work clean and fresh copies.
Binding: Eighteenth-century English calf. Old rebacking, rubbed.
Provenance: Motto Mors Christi mihi vita and signature Hen: Lester
in a sixteenth-century hand on titlepage with a date, +6o, apparently
added later; about 8 words of marginal annotation in the rst work
and o in the second in another contemporary hand; engraved arms
(unidentied) pasted to verso of title. Walter Pagels signature dated
+(.
I. First edition, rst issue with z*( blank (in the second issue a letter by
Pellisso dated October +z8 is printed on this leaf) of Ruels recension
of Celsus, De re medica (rst edition +(;8) including the editio prin-
ceps of Scribonius Largus, De compositionibus medicamentorum. Inven-
taire Chronologiques +68 state A; Adams C+z(; Bird o8; Durling
+o; Wellcome +8; the Scribonius is GarrisonMorton +;8.
II: rst edition, containing the editio princeps of Galen, De plinitudine
and later editions of works by Pliny and Benivieni. Inventaire
Chronologique +(;;; Adams G8; Bird +oo6; Durling++;; Wellcome
z6oo. Durling, Chronological census +z8.8.
An important compendium edited by Jean Ruel, usually catalogued as two
separate works but fairly clearly issued as a single entity and usually bound
together as here.
The rst text in the rst work is Ruels edition of Celus De medicina, the
oldest Western medical document after the Hippocratic writings: it is of
enormous importance for medical historians and for four centuries it proved
to be an eminently useful handbook of medicine for practitioners (Grolier
Medicine no. (). This is followed by the editio princeps of Scribonius Largus
(. ab (o), De compositionibus medicamentorum an important compilation of
drugs and prescriptions... Scribonius was the rst to describe accurately the
preparation of true Opium (GarrisonMorton).
The second work contains the editio princeps of Galens De plenitudine,
translated by Guinter von Andernach, which was not included in editions of
the Opera omnia before +(+. This is followed by Polybus, De salubri victus
ratione privatorum, also translated by Guinter, the Herbal of Apuleus (rst
printed in +(8+, but early editions are rare, the earliest in the Hunt catalogue
is +;), and Benivienis Libellus de abditis nonullis ac mirandis morborum et
sanationum causis. This last was rst printed in +o;, and is the rst modern
work to contain reports of post-mortem examinations carried out to ascertain
the cause of death (see GarrisonMorton zz;o and Osler +).
The editor, Jean Ruel (+(;(+;), produced many scholarly editions and
translations including the rst of Dioscorides and is regarded as one of the
rst popularisers of botany.
In this copy, with an English provenance, the annotation is most extensive
in the text of Apuleius Herbal.
R. J. Durling, A chronological census of renaissance edition and translations of
Galen, J. Warburg (and Courtauld) Institute z( (+6+), zoo.
z6
CESALPINO, Andrea (+z( or +6o)
De plantis libri XVI... Florentiae, apud Georgium Marescottum.
MDLXXXIII.
Florence: Giorgio Marescotti, +8.
(to: ae
(
, A(K
(
, 6 leaves, pp. [(o], 6z+, [++]. Roman and Italic
letter in prelims, text in Roman. Woodcut printers devices on title
and last leaf, woodcut headpieces and initials.
zz( x +mm. Titlepage soiled; worm holes and tracks in the prelims
and inner margin in the rst half of the book, not aecting the text,
and in the index touching a few letters without signicant loss; z(
leaves (sigs ZzF) damaged towards the lower margin from a sharp
edged rectangular object once pressed between the leaves, causing
some tears which have been repaired; isolated stains. On the whole a
good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum over thin boards, yapp fore-edges,
green page edges. Head of spine repaired.
Provenance: Centre of front pastedown cut out, presumably to remove
a bookplate; ownership inscription, possibly W. S. Hancs, dated +8o
on titlepage. A few bibliographical notes in an early hand on titlepage,
endleaves and in the text; the nineteenth-century owner has annotated
many of the entries with Linnaean binomials. Walter Pagels signature,
undated.
First edition. cbi1+6 cNcc +o; Adams Czo; Bird z8; Manchester (;
Wellcome ++8+; Pritzel +6(o*; Printing and the Mind of Man ;;
Dibner, Heralds of Science zo.
The begining of scientic botany. With Andreas Cesalpinus a new era
begins... His book On Plants was the rst attempt to classify plants in a
systematic manner based on a comparative study of forms; a similar study had
been made by Gesner but was not published until the eighteenth century. The
traditional division into trees, shrubs, half-shrubs and herbs is retained, but
they are now subdivided into dierent categories according to their seed, fruit
and ower. The rst section contains the general system, while the other
fteen sections describe +,zo plants in fteen classes. (Printing and the Mind
of Man.)
Cesalpino was professor of materia medica and director of the botanical
garden at Pisa and later professor at the Sapienza in Rome and physician to
Pope Clement VIII.
Linnaeus was greatly indebted to this work and it is therefore quite tting
that a later owner has added Linnaean taxonomy to Cesalpinos plant
descriptions.
zy
CESALPINO, Andrea (+z( or +6o)
Quaestionum peripateticarum lib. V.... Daemonum
investigatio peripatetica... Quaestionum medicarum libri II.
De medicament. facultatibus lib. II... Venetiis, apud Juntas.
MDXCIII.
Venice: Lucantonio Giunta, +.
(to: z
(
a
8
b
(
AzN
8
zO
(
(zO( blank), ++ of +z leaves, . [zo]
z+, wanting the nal blank. Roman letter with Italic headings and
prelims, woodcut device on title, woodcut initials, head and tailpieces.
A few diagrams in the text.
zo6 x ++mm. A rather small copy (the Norman copy measures z+ x
+8mm), but clean and fresh.
Binding: Eighteenth-century French calf backed boards, gilt spine, red
sprinkled edges. Spine chipped and torn, corners worn, upper inner
hinge splitting, endleaves removed.
Provenance: Old oval stamp erased from blank area of title. Walter
Pagels signature, undated.
Second, enlarged edition of Quaestionum peripateticum (rst as
Peripateticarum quaestionum, +;+), second edition of Daemonum
investigatio (rst +8o) and rst editions of the other two tracts. cbi1+6
cNcc +o(; Adams Cz+; Bird z; Durling z; Manchester oz;
Wellcome ++8z; GarrisonMorton ;6.
Cesalpinos chief scientic and medical work setting out his Aristotelian
approach to medicine and science and including his most important medical
studies, on the anatomy and physiology of the movement of the blood.
In the rst edition of the the Quaesionum Cesalpino had preceded Harvey
in putting forward the idea of the circulation of the blood though without
experimental evidence and is credited with being the rst to use the phrase
circulatione sanguinis. In this second, enlarged edition, he records for the
rst time the results of tying a vein and the centripetal ow in the veins (p. z().
Pagel made a close study of the text, stating that:
In assessing Cesalpinus (+z+6o) position with regard to Harveys
discovery of the circulation of the blood two points stand out as focal:
+. Cesalpinus statement that there is a perpetual movement of blood into
the heart from the veins and from the heart into the arteries, and
z. the linking of this statement with a corollary to the eect that the venous
ow to the heart applies not only to the blood conveyed by the inferior vena
cava, but to peripheral veins as well. (Pagel p. +6).
Pagel devotes (o pages to a closely argued analysis of Cesalpinos ideas in
relation to Harveys, examining both the +;+ and revised + texts of the
Questionum as well as the other texts published in this edition and in Cesal-
pinos other works. He concludes that In spite of some fundamental dier-
ences from Harvey and although lacking any certainty and synthesis, Cesal-
pinus remains an important forerunner of Harvey if not the most important.
Harvey does not mention Cesalpino in any of his writings, but Pagel says
that it is hardly conceivable that Harvey was not acquainted with Cesalpino.
But maybe not, as there was no copy of the Quaestionum in the Library of the
College of Physicians which included Harveys own books. Merrets catalogue
of the library (+66o) shows that there was, however, a copy of De plantis on
the same shelf as Harveys De motu cordis.
Pagel, William Harveys Biological Ideas (+6;), pp. +6zo; English translation,
with commentary, of the sections in Cesalpinos work dealing with the circulation,
by Clark, Nimis and Rochefort, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
(+;8) +8z+.
z8
CHAMPIER, Symphorien (+(;+ or zc. +)
Symphonia Platonis cum Aristotel: & Galeni cu[m]
Hippocrate... Hippocratica philosophia eiusdem. Platonica medicina
de duplici mundo: cum eiusde[m] scholiis. Speculum medicinale
platonicum: & apologia literaru[m] humaniorum. Quae omnia
venundantur ab Iodoco Badio. [Colophon:] Impressum est hoc opus
apud Badiu[s] Parrhisiis. Anno salutis. MD. XVI.XIIII, Calen. Maias.
Paris: Jodocus Badius Ascensius, ++6.
8vo: ax
8
y
(
, . [I]CLXXII. Roman letter. Woodcut on title ( x
;6mm). A ne series of +-line woodcut cribl initials and several
smaller series; woodcut medallion on rv.
+6 x +omm. Two round wormholes through the text on az and the
rst two leaves of each gathering for the rest of the book; a few
isolated stains but a ne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum stained green, yapp edges,
remains of ties, French vernacular vellum MS used as sewing guards.
Spine cracked and chipped at the head.
Provenance: Early shelf mark on title; early nineteenth-century owners
stamp of Ph. le Bas at foot of title.
First edition. Adams C++; Renouard, Badius Ascensius II, pp. z;(.
Champier examines the conformity between Plato and Aristotle on the one
hand, and Galen and Hippocrates on the other. The punning title is taken up
in the lovely woodcut on the titlepage, showing a symphony of the four
characters, a string quarted with Galen on ddle, perhaps leading the quartet,
Plato, Aristotle and Hippocrates on viols.
Symphorien Champier was born at St. Saphorine-le-Chteau, in the
Lyonais, and gained his medical education at Montpellier. He was an
alderman of the city of Lyon in +zo and in + established the College of
Medicine in the city. Champier studied Greek and Arabic texts and wrote a
number of historical works as well as his large output of medical works.
Garrison calls him One of the earliest of the French humanists and one of
the last of the conciliators of Greek and Arabist doctrine (History of Medicine,
(th edition, +z, p. +6).
z
COITER, Volcher (+(+;6)
Externarum et internarum principalium humani corporis
partium tabulae, atque anatomicae exercitationes observationesque
variae, novis, diversis, ac articiosissimis guris illustratae, philosophis,
medicis, in primis autem anatomico studio addictis summ utiles...
Noribergae, in ocina Theodorici Gerlatzeni. M. D. LXXIII.
Nuremberg: Dietrich Gerlach, +;.
Folio: A
(
zAzB
(
zC
6
zDzQ
(
zR
6
(zR6 blank),; of ;6 leaves, pp.
[+(] ++ [+] +66z [+] 6+ [+], without the nal blank. ( of ;
leaves of engraved plates, LackiNo iLa1cs, sciiLicb iN ino1o-
oainic iacsi:iLc. Roman and Italic letter, +z-line woodcut initials.
; x z(omm. Titlepage discoloured, clean tear in zL closed, plates
stained and possibly inserted from another copy, rst plate cut where
folded and re-joined with slight loss of engraved surface.
Binding: Eighteenth-century boards, red stained edges. Worn.
Provenance: Contemporary signature Martinus Fogelii Hamburg (very
faint) on title and a few words of annotation in the same hand; another
signature erased from endleaf. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition (a few copies are dated +;z on the titlepage). vb+6 ZV;(;
Adams Czz+; Manchester p. ;; Durling 8(; Wellcome +z;
GarrisonMorton + (for De auditus organis).
A collection of ten short works, including: the rst monograph on the ear; the
earliest study of the growth of the skeleton as a whole in the human foetus; the
rst description of the spinal ganglia and musculus corrrugtor supercilii; and
the rst published study of chick embryo development based on daily observa-
tion.
Coiter was one of the rst anatomists to make drawings of his own obs-
ervations. The engravings are signed V. C. D. for Volcher Coiter delineavit.
The rst two leaves of plates bear impressions of four engravings of the skull,
followed by two full page plates of adult skeletons after Vesalius but more
accurate in anatomical detail (see Herlinger pp. +z8o). The three plates
missing from this copy are two human foetal skeletons and a simian skeleton.
According to Cole, the rst to elevate this study [comparative anatomy] to
the rank of an independent branch of biology, is the Frisian Volcher Coiter,
whose relevant works were published in +;z and +; (Cole p. ;). The
present work can therefore be regarded as the foundation of scientic
comparative anatomy. The other work cited by Cole is Fallopius, Lectiones...
ex diversis exemplaribus a Volchero Coiter summa cum diligentia collectae (Nurem-
berg, +;).
Coiter was born at Grningen. He studied at Montpellier and in Italy with
Eustacius, Fallopius and Aldrovandi. His career in Italy was cut short when
he was imprisoned by the Inquisiton. On his release he left Italy for Augsburg
and later went to Nuremberg, where he became the citys chief physician and
anatomist.
F. J. Cole, A History of Comparative Anatomy (+(() pp. ;8; English translation
of the Externarum with introduction by B. W. Th. Nuyens and Abraham
Schierbeek in Opuscula selecta Neerlandicorum de arte medica, +8 (+); Choulant
Frank pp. zo+o. K. B. Roberts and J. D. W. Tomlinson, The Fabric of the Body:
European Traditions of Anatomical Illustration (Oxford, +z) p. zzo.
o
COLOMBO, Realdo (c. +++)
De re anatomica libri XV. Hisce iam accesserunt Ioannis Posthii...
Obs. Anatomicae. Cum indice rerum... Francofurdi, apud Martinum
Lechlerum, sumptibus Petri Fischeri. M D XCIII.
Frankfurt: Martin Lechler for Peter Fischer, +.
8vo:
*
8
AzH
8
zI
(
zKzL
8
zM
(
, z;6 leaves, pp. [8] + [z]. Italic
letter with Roman headings and shoulder notes. Woodcut device on
title, woodcut initials.
+;+ x +ozmm. Uniform light browning, Wormholes in blank margins
at the end, wormtracks in the last z leaves repaired.
Binding: Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin with z of ( linen ties,
panel stamp showing Avicenna on lower board; central panel cut out
from upper board. Spine rubbed.
Provenance: Moritz Roth (+8++() pathologist and historian, with
signature on free endleaf; Basle Public Library with release stamp on free
endleaf. Walter Pagels signature on endleaf and notes on pastedown.
Fifth edition, a reprint of the Frankfurt, Wechel, edition of +o (rst,
folio, Venice, +). Johannes Posthius (+;+;), In Realdi
Columbi... Observationes anatomcae, here on pp. (+6+, was rst
printed in the +o edition. The index appears here for the rst time.
vb+6 C(6+o; Adams Cz(o6; Bird ;; Durling .
Colombo is famous for having discovered the pulmonary transit of the blood
from the left ventricle of the heart to the right through the lungs, rmly
rejecting the possibility that blood could pass through the supposed septum
from one side of the heart to the other. This discovery was rst reported by
Colombos pupil Valverde in +6 (see no. +z below), before the publication
of the rst edition of De re anatomica in +. Colombo made many improve-
ments to Vesalius anatomical descriptions and corrected many errors. [H]e
succeeded in giving a good account of human anatomy that was both brief and
clear; these qualities probably explain the considerable popularity of the De re
anatomica during the later sixteenth century (Jerome J. Bylebyl, DSB : b).
As well as the discovery of the pulmonary circuit, Colombos studies of the
origin of the pulse were among the most important stepping stones for Harvey
in his discovery of the circulation of the blood. On the endleaf of this copy Pagel
has noted that this + edition was the one used by Harvey and quoted by him
in Praelectiones anatomicae fol. ;;r, with a reference to p. (;( on the motion of
the heart.
A student of medicine at Padua, Colombo probably received his degree in
+(+ and in +( gave the annual anatomical demonstration while Vesalius was
in Basle overseeing the printing of the Fabrica. Colombo formally took over the
chair of anatomy from Vesalius in +((. Shortly afterwards he went to Pisa and
then Rome where he made anatomical investigations with Michelangelo with
the intention of publishing an illustrated anatomy to supersede Vesalius.
Michelangelos declining health meant that this project was abandoned.
The former owner of this copy, Moritz Roth (+8++(), professor of
pathology at Basle is remembered for Roths spot, a white, round spot in the
retina close to the optic disk, often surrounded by oval areas of haemorrhages.
He wrote many articles on medical history and a remarkable biography of
Vesalius in +8z (Cushing, Bio-bibliography of Andreas Vesalius p. xv and
Vesaliana no. ().
Walter Pagel, William Harveys Biological Ideas (+6;), pp. +66-.
t
DODOENS, Rembert (++;+8)
Purgantium aliarumque eo facientium, tum et radicum,
convolvulorum ac deleteriarum herbarum historiae libri IIII... Accessit
Appendix variaru[m] & quidem rarissimarum nonnullarum strirpium,
ac orum... Antverpiae, ex ocina Christophori Plantini
Architypographi Regii. M.D.LXXIIII.
Antwerp: Christoph Plantin, +;(.
8vo: AZ
8
ai
8
, z6 leaves, pp. o [;]. Italic letter with Roman
headings and shoulder notes. Woodcut printers device on title, zz+
full page botanical woodcuts.
+( x ;mm. Woodcuts fully or partly coloured by a contemporary hand:
some degradation of the pigments on a few pages; titlepage soiled and
stained and frayed in the margins and with several holes aecting text on
recto and verso; a few shoulder notes just shaved; small burn hole in I(
and tear in i+ with minor loss; heavily browned throughout.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: Several early signatures erased from the title and old
round stamps, one with initials MZ; a few contemporary
annotations.
First edition. Voet, Plantin press +o; Adams D;z+; Bird ;z+; Durling
++8+; Manchester 6; Wellcome +8z+; Hunt ++6; Nissen +; Pritzel
z(8; Meerbeeck ;.
An interesting partly coloured copy of one of the small format herbals that
Dodoens published in preparation for his folio Stirpium historiae pemptades sex
(+8).
This herbal was a third step towards the preparation of the Stirpium historiae
pemptades sex. As was the case with the rst two preparatory herbals, there was
a preference for a small, but handy booklet. Four groups of plants were
described in four books and +zo chapters: plants with laxative properties,
plants with medicinal roots, climbing plants and poisonous plants. The
majority of the woodblocks used for the woodcuts of these plants were cut by
Gerard Janssen van Kampen probably according to drawings by Peeter van der
Borcht. Meanwhile Dodoens had also discovered new species that, according
to him, rather belonged in the two herbals published before. The new study
material and the respective illustrations were therefore added to the herbal in
a separate contribution. Although this appendix was a part of the herbal, it was
given a separate title page and divided into two parts. A rst part, subdivided
into chapters, showed 6( plants. An additional +; illustrations, mainly
Umbelliferae, were added to the + chapters of the second part. (Botany in the
Low Countries no. .)
Dodoens was born at Mechelen (now Malines, Belgium) and studied
medicine at Louvain. Between + and +(6 he travelled in Italy, Germany
and France before returning to Mechelen where he was appointed a municipal
physician in +(8. In the year the Purgantium was published he left Mechelen
for Vienna to take up the post of physician to the Emperor Maximillian II,
remaining to serve Rudolph II in the same capacity. He returned to the Low
Countries via Cologne, thence to Antwerp where he supervised the printing
of Stirpium historiae pemptades sex by Plantin, and spent the remainder of his
life at Leiden.
A heavily browned copy but attractively coloured by a contemporary or
early hand. The colouring is fascinating for being unnished. The woodcuts
are fully coloured to p. z, thereafter a few are fully coloured but most were
left in the process of being coloured. Often just one colour is applied to a run
of woodcuts, with sometimes a second colour added. In other words the
woodcuts were evidently coloured in groups, not one at a time and a close
study of this copy should reveal more about the way woodcut herbals were
coloured at this period.
P. J. van Meerbeeck, Recherches Historiques et Critiques sur la Vie et les Ouvrages de
Rembert Dodoens (+8(+); F. de Nave and D. Imhof, eds, Botany in the Low Countries
(Plantin-Moretus Museum exhibition catalogue, +).
z
DRYANDER, Johannes (+oo+6o)
Anatomia, hoc est, corporis humani dissectionis pars prior, in
qua singula quae ad caput spectant recensentur membra, atq[ue]
singulae partes, singulis suis ad vivum commodissim expressis guris,
deliniantur. Omnia recens nata. Per Io. Dryandrum medicum &
Mathematicum: item Anatomia [brace] Porci, ex traditione Cophonis;
infantis, ex Gabriele de Zerbis. [end of bracketed section] Marpurgi
apud Eucharium Cervicornum. Anno +; mese Junio.
Marburg: Eucharius Cervicornus, +;.
(to: ai
(
, 6 leaves unpaginated, and a folding letterpress table.
Roman letter, woodcut border to title, one half page gothic initial, one
+o-line and six (-line woodcut initials, and z woodcut illustrations
(+ full page including z repeats and ( half page), printers device and
motto on i(v.
+ x +mm. Border of woodcut on f. [+;] just touched by the
binders knife; exceptionally skillful and almost invisible paper
restoration to inner margins, with small portions of the extremity of
the woodcut on f. [(]v and the borders of the woodcuts on f. [+], [+6]
and [+8] touched in. An unusually large copy, ne and fresh.
Binding: Recent vellum backed boards.
Provenance: Walter Pagels signature, undated.
Second edition of Anatomia capitis humani +6, with considerable addi-
tions. The original work comprised +( leaves with ++ woodcuts, re-used
here. vb+6 E6z; Durling +z+; Manchester ;(6; Wellcome +86;
GarrisonMorton ;+ Heirs of Hippocrates z(; Choulant pp. +(8;
Stillwell 6z+; Norman 6;.
This famous work on the anatomy of the head is one of the most important
illustrated anatomical treatises before Vesalius. It is one of the rst mono-
graphs on a single part of the body, one of the rst illustrated anatomies, and
the illustrations are, with those of Berengario, the best that were published
before Vesalius Fabrica in +( (Lind p. z;). Dryander performed some of
the earliest dissections in Germany and was one of the rst anatomists to make
illustrations after his own dissections. This edition was intended to be the
rst part of a complete illustrated anatomy, but the project was abandoned.
Despite accusing Dryander of plagiarism, in works printed in +(+ and
+(z, Vesalius himself copied Dryanders illustrations of dissections of the
head.
The text expands that of the +6 Anatomia capitis humani, exploring the
anatomy of the head in greater detail, and including new material on the lungs
and heart as a preliminary to the larger treatise that never appeared (hence the
pars prior in the title). Also included is the +zth-century Anatomia porci,
traditionally ascribed to Copho (. ca. +++o) and rst printed at Lyon in +z,
and excerpts from the Anatomia infantis by Gabriele de Zerbis (+((+o), a
treatise on the anatomy of the foetus.
Born at Wetter in Oberhessen, Johannes Eichmann, or Dryander as he is
usually known, took his MA at Erfurt in ++8 and studied at Bourges and at
Paris between +z8 and +, at the same time that Vesalius was there.
The woodcuts consist of + full-page illustrations of the head and brain, of
which ++ were reprinted from the Anatomia capitis with the numbers removed
from the woodblocks, the remaining two full-page skull cuts, both dated +6,
being new to this edition; four small detail cuts of the skull seen from dierent
angles, also reprinted from the earlier work; and four large new cuts of the chest
and lungs, one dated +;.
The blockcutter of the new woodcuts, as well as ve of the previously used
cuts, signs himself with the initial G with a pair of compasses, or sometimes
G V B, or V B only. The initials G V B have been associated with Georg
Thomas of Basle the pair of compasses is the symbol of the apostle Thomas
(Herlinger).
This is an unusually large and complete copy: the woodcuts are almost
always cropped, and the printed table often lacking.
L. R. Lind, Studies in Pre-Vesalian anatomy (+;) pp. +z+, z;z8 and
translations and illustrations from the +6 edition, zo; Robert Herlinger,
History of Medical Illustration from Antiquity to A.D. I6oo (+;o) pp. 88; K. B.
Roberts and J. D. W. Tomlinson, The Fabric of the Body: European Traditions of
Anatomical Illustration (+z) pp. 8(+.

DRYANDER, Johannes (+oo+6o)

Artzenei Speigel Gemeyner Innhalt derselbigen, Wes beide, einem
Leib unnd Wundtartzt, in der Theoric, Practic, unnd Chirurgei
zsteht. Mit anzeyge bewerter Artzneien, zu allen Leiblichen
Gebrechen, durch natrliche mittel, siebei beneben des menschen
Crpers Anatomei, und Chirurgischen Instrumenten, warhat
Contrafeyt, und beschriben... D. Joan. Dryandrum; Jetzt widerumb,
mit verbesserung, inn Truck verordnet... Zu Franckfort am Meyn, bei
Christian Egenols Erben [no date on titlepage, colophon:] Im Jar
M.D. XLVII.
Frankfurt: heirs of Christian Egenol the elder, +(;.
Folio:
*
(
AZ ab
6
c
(
(c(, presumably blank), +; of +8 leaves, .
[(] +;. Gothic letter with a few words in Roman and Roman
headings at the end of the book. woodcuts on title, device on verso
of last leaf and about z; woodcuts, including repeats.
z;o x +;8mm. A few headlines and the borders of the large woodcut on f.
+ov cropped; extensive paper repairs to margins in the anatomical
section at the beginning of the book and on one leaf at the end, aecting
text and woodcuts on a number of pages; soiling to lower outer corners
becoming heavy in places, especially in the anatomy section.
Binding: Recent half morocco.
Provenance: No marks of ownership. About ( words of annotation in
two hands and a pointing st; the woodcut of a man defecating inked
over.
Second edition of Der ganzen Artzenei,+(z; another issue or edition with
the same foliation is dated +;. Durling +z+;. For the +; issue see
vb+6 E66z and Waller z;;.
A lavishly illustrated folio, an amazing display of about z; early fteenth-
century German medical woodcuts from a range of sources. These include
blocks rst used in Dryanders Anatomiae (+;); his Anatomia Mundini
(+(+); and works by other authors, as well as some new cuts. There are a
number of sickroom and childbirth scenes, and large and small woodcuts
illustrating anatomy, obstetrics and gynaecology, health and diet (many
foodstus are shown, and a scene of a gardener tending his vegetables in a
raised bed) and surgery. The surgery section includes cuts copied from
Gersdor, Feltbuch der Wundtartzney (Strasbourg, ++;) and a large number
of illustrations of surgical instruments.
Twenty-three of the leaves, some of them with several gures, are plates
taken from the above-mentioned book [Anatomia Mundini]. Two sheets are
entirely new and represent (+) a gure, showing the vascular system, with heart
and liver, and (z) a gure showing the cutaneous veins of the back (leaves ;
and 8). On pages ;ob and 86, we, furthermore, nd ve smaller gures
representing the brain and the tongue. These gures are the same as those of
Laurentius, Phryesen, Spiegel der Artzney, Strasburg, ++8, fol., but are
positively new engravings [i.e. woodcuts]. A great many other gures are non-
anatomic, and were probably all done by Hans Brosamer. Some of them can
also be found in other works. (ChoulantFrank p. +(.)
q
EROTIANUS (+st century ab); EUSTACHI, Bartolomeo (d. +;().
Erotiani Graeci scriptoris vetustissimi Vocum, quae apud
Hippocratem sunt Collectio. Cum annotationibus Bartholomaei
Eustachii... eiusdem que Eustachii Libellus de multitudine... Venetiis,
apud Lucam Antonium Iuntam.
Venice: Lucantonio Giunta, +66.
(to: +
8
z
6

*
6
AP
8
Q
(
RT
8
V
(
, +;z leaves, . [zo] +z. Greek and
Roman letter with Italic in prelims. Woodcut printers device on title,
woodcut initials, typographic head and tailpieces.
z+( x +6omm. Titlepage frayed with the margins restored and an
abrasion aecting the printers device; a few leaves browned; worm
tracks and waterstains in the blank margins of the last few leaves.
Binding: Seventeenth-century vellum boards. Worn, endleaves
removed (front enleaf replaced).
Provenance: Booksellers ticket of Rappaport, Rome.
First Latin edition, translated and annotated by Eustachius. cbi1+6 cNcc
+8z8o; Adams Ez;; Durling +8;; Manchester ;66; Wellcome zo;o.
Erotianus medical dictionary a glossary to the works of Hippocrates was
rst printed in Greek in Estienne, Dictionarium medicum (+6(). In this edition
the words are printed in Greek with Eustachis latin translation and extensive
commentary. Following the dictionary is the rst and only edition of
Eustachis essay Libellus de multitudine in which he admits having over-
looked many of Galens errors. [Eustachi] had a good humanistic education
in the course of which he acquired such an excellent knowledge of Greek,
Hebrew, and Arabic that he was able to edit an edition of the Hippocratic
glossary of Erotian (+66) and is said to have made his own translations of
Avicenna (Ibn S na ) from the Arabic. (C. D. OMalley, DSB (:(86.) Eustachi
is best known for his remarkable series of monographs on the kidney, venous
system, auditory organs and teeth, as well as for his anatomical atlas, not
published until +;+(.

FABRICI, Girolamo Fabricius ab Aquapendente (+c. +6+)

Pentateuchos cheirurgicum... publicis in Academia Patavina
lectionibus ab auctore propositum: iam vero, contractiore paullo
forma, capitibus distinctum, lucique datum, opera Johannis Hartmanni
Beyeri... Indices novo operi ubique adiecti sunt marginales
locupletissimi... Impressum Francofurti ad Moenum, Anno M. D.
LXXXII. Impensis Petri Fischeri.
Frankfurt: [Martin Lechler, according to VDI6] for Peter Fischer, +z.
8vo: ):(AZ am
8
, z88 leaves, pp. [+6] ( [6]. Roman letter with
Italic headings and shoulder notes. Woodcut printers device on title,
the words Impensis Petri Fischeri below the date are hand-stamped;
woodcut initials and headpieces.
+8+ x +o8mm. Slight soiling to titlepage; a good clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, remains of linen ties, date +6o+
stamped on upper board, green page edges. Heavily soiled, spine
worn, but a sound binding.
Provenance: Inscriptions on titlepage Sum ex lib: Henrici Valentini
Kaecrrii[?] and Smptg Frid[?]: Herone[?] +6o+ in the same hand
the date +6o+ is also stamped on the cover; seventeenth-century
engraved armorial bookplate Ex Bibliotheca Venarabilis Conventus
Viennensis in Rossaugia Ord: Servorum B.M.V. with spaces for shelf-
mark lled in, and a smaller version of the arms pasted to the margin
of p. +; label pasted to upper board, Ad C. R. Academiam Ling:
Orient: +;6. Early underlining on one page but no annotations.
First edition. Another edition was printed in +6o( and there were
numerous later editions. The copies described by Durling, Norman
and vb+6 have no printers name on the titlepage; in this copy
Fischers name is hand-stamped. vb+6 F(8; Durling +(+6;
Norman ;(8.
The major publication of Fabrici s surgical work, edited, without his consent,
from notes taken at his lectures by his student, Hartman Beyer. An addendum,
Operationes chirurgicae was published in +6+. The ve books deal with
tumours, wounds, ulcers and stulas, fractures, and dislocations.
Fabrici studied anatomy with Gabriele Fallopio at Padua and succeeded
him as professor of anatomy there in +6z. In +6 he was nominated by the
university to lecture on both anatomy and surgery. His great series of large
format illustrated monographs on anatomy are celebrated especially for the
one on the veins, De venarum ostiolis (Venice, +6o), describing his discovery
of the valves in the veins, made in +;(, demonstrated to his students in +;8
or and rst published by Salomon Alberti in +8. Among Fabricis students
was William Harvey, who lodged with him for a while. The mechanism of the
valves was crucial to Harveys discovery of the circulation of the blood and he
reproduced Fabricis illustration of the veins (via an intermediary source) in
De motu cordis (+6z8).
6
FALLOPPIO, Gabriele (+z+6z)
Observationes anatomicae... Venetiis. Apud Marcum Antonium
Ulmum M D LXII.
Venice: Marcantonio Olmo, +6z.
8vo:
*
8
AzE
8
(zE;,8), zo leaves, . [8] zzz. Roman letter.
Woodcut device on title, woodcut initials. Errata leaf
*
8 present.
+( x mm. Light waterstaining towards the end but a good fresh copy.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: No marks of ownership or annotation.
First edition, second issue with date on title altered from +6+ to +6z,
the errata corrected and the last two leaves cancelled. Further editions
were printed in Cologne and Paris in +6z. cNcc +8z6; Bird 86o;
Durling +((+; Norman ;;; GarrisonMorton ;8.z, +zo8 and +;;
LeFanu, Notable Medical Books from the Lilly Library, p. .
Falloppios most important work (the only one published in his lifetime), one
of the classics of anatomy presenting many new discoveries. It takes the form
of a commentary on Vesalius, Fabrica in a long continuous narrative, without
summary, index or annotations. Among Falloppios original contributions,
the most famous is his description of the oviducts, the fallopian tubes. He also
described the clitoris, asserted the existence of the hymen in virgins, coined the
word vagina and disproved the popular notion that the penis entered the
uterus during coition. In addition Falloppio added to knowledge of the
centers of ossication and described the primary teeth and their replacement.
He improved on earlier accounts of the muscles of the head and face and also
made numerous discoveries concerning nerve pathways. He was the rst
anatomist to delineate precisely all three ossicles of the ear, and he provided
a full description of the kidney. (LeFanu.)
A native of Modena, Falloppio may have studied under Realdo Colombo,
whom he succeeded as professor of anatomy at Padua.
In this second issue of Observationes anatomicae, with the date altered on the
title from +6+ to +6z, the colophon leaf, bearing the original date and the
imprint Apud Gratiosum Perchachinum, is cancelled, along with the
terminal blank. In most copies the errata leaf *8 is also cancelled because the
errata have been corrected, but in this copy it has been left in place.
Arturo Castiglioni, Fallopius and Vesalius, in Harvey Cushing, A Bio-bibliography
of Andreas Vesalius (znd edition, +6z), pp. +8z+( and g. 8;.
y
FICINO, Marsilio (+(+()
De vita libri tres.
[a+r] De triplici vita libri tres. Primus de vita sana, sive de cura
valitudinis eorum, qui incumbunt studio litterarum. Secundus de vita
longa. Tertius de vita coellitus comparanda. [zv] Impressa Venetiis
M. ccccxcviii.
Venice: Bartholomaeus Pelusius, Gabriel Bracius, Johannes Bissolus and
Benedictus Mangius, +(8.
(to: az
(
&
(
&
(
(blank &(), +oo leaves, unfoliated. Roman letter, o
lines per page, initial spaces with guide letters.
zo x +(8mm. First page dustsoiled; single round worm hole through
text in rst +z gatherings lled in; a washed copy, but some staining
remaining in the lower margins towards the end.
Binding: Re-sewn and re-cased in contemporary beech boards with
remains of brass clasps, new leather back.
Provenance: Booksellers ticket of Leo Olschki, Florence.
Fifth edition (rst +(8). Go F+6+; Klebs ;.; GW 88; Walsh z;8
z;; Bod-inc F-o; BSB-Ink F-++8.
Three books on life, the rst being the earliest treatise on the health of scholars;
the second on good health and long life; and the third on astrological medicine.
There are chapters on headaches, diseases of the stomach, and dietetics. The
sections on melancholy are often cited.
Ficinos father was an eminent physician in the household of Cosimo de
Medici where the young Marsilio got his elementary education. He was also
interested in natural philosophy and made considerable progress in medicine
under his fathers tuition. At the age of eighteen Ficino was chosen by Cosimo
for his long cherished project, the foundation of a Platonic academy. Ficinos
Latin translation of Plato into Italian (+(8() became the standard text and he
was also responsible for the translation of the works associated with Hermes
Trismegistus known as the Corpus Hermeticum. He translated and edited
many Neoplatonic writings, a number of which are included in the Aldine
edition of Iamblichus of +(; (no. below).
Ficino, Three books on life (+8), critical edition, translation and notes by Carol V.
Kaske and John R. Clark.
8
FICINO, Marsilio (+(+()
Tractatus singularis...de epidimiae morbo, ex Italico in Latinum
versus. [Colophon:] Augustae Vindelicor[um] in Sigismundi Grim[m]
Medici & Marci Wyrsung ocina ex cusoria Anno virginei partus.
M.D.XVIII. sexto Kalen[s]. Octobres.
Augsburg: Sigmund Grimm and Marx Wirsung, ++8.
(to: af
(
g
6
(blank g6), o unnumbered leaves. Roman letter.
Woodcut initials, large woodcut (8 x +omm) on title.
+6 x +(zmm. Title slightly discoloured and with a minor ink stain;
light waterstain in lower inner corners. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Nineteenth-century boards, worn.
Provenance: Nineteenth-century inscription Ex libris O. H. (6.
Walter Pagels signature dated +(.
First Latin edition, translated by Girolamo Ricci (rst edition, in Italian,
+(8+). vb+6 F+; Durling +6; Wellcome zz6; Heirs of Hippocrates +z.
A treatise on the Plague discussing its signs, causes, diagnosis and treatment.
One of Ficinos earliest works dealing entirely with medicine. The ne sick-
room scene on the titlepage is by Hans Burgkmair. It was used again a month
later in Engel, Tractat von der Pestilentz (Augsburg, Grimm & Wirsung, ( Nov-
ember, ++8). (R. Muther, Die deutsche Bcherillustration, v. + (+88() no. 8;.)

FRACASTORO, Girolamo (+(;8+)

De sympathia et antipathia rerum liber unus. De contagione et
contagiosis morbis et curatione libri III. Venetiis. M D XLVI.
[Colophon:] Venetiis apud heredes Lucantonii Iuntae Florentini.
MDXLVI Mense Aprili.
Venice: heirs of Lucantonio Giunta, +(6.
(to:
*
(
AV
(
(blank V() 8( leaves . [(] ;6 [(] including the blank.
Italic letter with Roman headings. Woodcut printers devices on title
and Vv, woodcut initials and dropped capitals.
zo8 x +(6mm. Wormholes through text in rst few gatherings; light mar-
ginal waterstains at the beginning and end. A good clean and fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum. A little worn, small hole in spine.
Provenance: A few corrections in a contemporary hand. Inscribed
Walter and Magda Pagel.
First edition. cbi1+6 cNcc +6+o; Adams F8z+; Durling +66; Wellcome
z. GarrisonMorton zz8; Lilly p. z.
The classic work on infectious diseases which introduced the germ theory of
disease and for which Fracastoro has been called the founder of scientic
epidemiology. LeFanu calls it a truly original contribution to medical
knowledge.
De contagione is arranged in three books. The rst explained the mech-
anism of contagion, how seminaria can be carried a distance, and how only
some diseases are contagious. In the second book he wrote about a series of
contagious diseases. Fracastoro had made careful observations; he dieren-
tiated smallpox from measles, gave the earliest precise description of typhus,
and showed that tuberculosis was contagious. He discussed rabies and syphilis
and dealt with the dierential diagnosis of contagious skin diseases. Finally,
in the third book, he outlined the treatment of diseases covered in book two
and commented on the spread and control of epidemics. (LeFanu p. z).
Fracastoro, humanist scholar and physician in Verona, had already
published his famous mock-heroic Latin poem Syphilis in +o.
William R. LeFanu, Notable Medical Books from the Lilly Library (+;6).
qo
FRIES, Lorenz (c. +(o++)
Epitome opusculi de curandis pusculis ulceribus, & doloribus
morbi Gallici, mali frantzoss appellati... Basileae excudebat Henricus
Petrus. [Colophon:]... mense Augusto, anno M. D. XXXII.
Basle: Heinrich Petri, +z.
(to: AG
(
, z8 leaves, pp. [z] 6 (i.e. , several errors in pagination)
[+]. Roman letter. (-line and -line black on white initials, woodcut
printers device on title and verso of last leaf.
zo x +(zmm. Light foxing but a good large and fresh copy.
Binding: Recent polished calf.
First edition. Reprinted with other works on syphilis in Liber de morbo
gallico, Venice +; ocLc shows an edition Basle +6 at Gottingen,
unknown to vb+6. vb+6 Fz8(; Bird z; Durling +66o.
Fries attributes the outbreak of syphilis at the end of the fteenth century to
conjunctions of the planets on October + and November +, +(8. He cites
Haly Abenragel and the Conciliator or Peter of Abano for the inuence of the
stars. (Thorndike p. (().
Thorndike devotes a chapter on sixteenth-century German medicine to
Fries and Paracelsus. Fries knew Paracelsus and corresponded with Agrippa
and Thorndike notes that His career and writings... had something in
common with those of such intellectual vagabonds, devotees of occult science,
and semi charlatans as Henry Cornelius Agrippa and Paracelsus. Fries was
from Colmar in Alsace, not from Frisia as his name would suggest, though he
may have been of Dutch descent. He studied medicine at Vienna, Piacenza,
Pavia and Montpellier. He practiced in Colmar, then Strasbourg, before
moving to Metz shortly after Agrippa had left the city. His most famous
medical work (he wrote on many other subjects) is the Spiegel der Artznei
(++8), the earliest work in German on internal medicine.
This edition includes Scribonius Largus, Antidota, excerpts from his De
compositione medicamentorum liber.
Thorndike, V, pp. (o8.
qt
FUCHS, Leonhart (+o++66)
De historia stirpium commentarii insignes. Adjectis earundem
vivis, & ad naturae imitationione[m] ariticios expressis imaginibus...
Accessit iis, succincta admodum vocum quarundam subobscurarum in
hoc opere passim occurrentium explanatio. Triplex item index...
Lugduni. Apud Balthazarem Arnolletum. M. D. XLIX. [Colophon:]
Excudebat Balthazar Arnolletus.
Lyon: Balthazar Arnoullet, +(.
8vo: aabb
8
az
8
AzH
8
(blank zb8), ((8 leaves, pp. [z] (last z
blank) 8z [+z]. Roman letter with Italic headings, German names in
Gothic. Woodcut device on title, portrait of Fuchs on verso, and +o
botanical woodcuts.
+; x +omm. Some soiling in the index; minor spotting and small
stains. A very good clean and fresh copy.
Binding: German blindstamped pigskin dated +z on upper board,
brass clasps. Corners worn.
Provenance: Contemporary or early inscription on free endleaf Sum
Danielis Gndelngeri Nordlingensis. A few words of contemporary
annotation;.
Fifth small format edition (rst edition: folio, Basle, +(z; small format
editions: +zmo, Paris, Dupuys +(6; +zmo, Paris, Bogardan, +(6;
8vo, Lyon, Arnoullet for Gazeau, +(;; +6mo, Paris, Fouchet, +(;).
Arnoullet published another edition with the same collation in ++.
Stbler (+ b+ a; Baudrier X, p. +zo; Gltlingen IX, Arnoullet 8z;
Adams F++oz; Durling +6;; Hunt 6+; Nissen 66;; Pritzel +8;
Fairfax Murray +8+; Mortimer z(o.
Perhaps the most beautiful herbal ever published, De historia stirpium was rst
printed at Basle as a folio in +(z, with a German edition in the following year.
Fuchs was professor of medicine at Tbingen; and as such his primary
objectives were to improve the knowledge of materia medica and to show the
largest possible number of plants useful as drugs and herbs. He described four
hundred German and one hundred foreign plants and illustrated them in ve
hundred and twelve superb woodcuts... Yet Fuchss interest in plants was not
wholly pharmacological; he dilates upon the beauties of nature, and he is
enough of a true botanist to describe the characteristics of plants, their habits,
habitats, and forms. (Printing and the Mind of Man 6.)
New woodcuts were made for this edition, the portrait of Fuchs and the
botanical illustrations copied from the folio edition by Clement Bussey who
moved from Paris to Lyon to work for Arnoullet in +(;.
A most attractive copy, showing signs of use but still well preserved in a stout
binding with the brass clasps intact.
Edward Stbler, Leonhart Fuchs, Leben und Werk (+z8).
GALEN, Liber de plenitudine (+z8), bound with Celsus, De re
medica libri octo (+z), no. z above.
qz
GEBER (+th cent)
In hoc volumine de alchemia continentur haec. Gebri Arabis... De
investigatio[n]e p[er]fectionis metallor[um]. Liber I. Summae
perfectionis metallorum, sive perfecti magisterii. Libri II... Eiusdem De
inventione veritatis seu perfectionis metallorum. Liber I. De fornacibus
construendis. Liber I. Item. Speculu[m] Alchemiae... Rogerii Bachonis
[etc]... Norimbergae apud Joh. Petreium, Anno M. D. XLI.
[Colophon: ] Excusum Norimbergae per Joh. Petreium, anno M. D.
XLI. Mense Augusto.
Nuremberg: Johann Petreius, +(+.
(to: zazb
(
zc
z
az
(
AZ
(
&
(
, +8 leaves, pp. [zo] ; (i.e. ;+, ;8
omitted) []. Roman letter. Woodcut initials and +6 three-quarter
page woodcuts (including repeats).
+z x +zmm. Title and prelims dustsoiled; waterstains in the last
third of the book; a good copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century panelled sheep. Rebacked (pencil note on
rear pastedown, Reback Dr Pagel).
Provenance: A few contemporary annotations and extensive later
annotations (seventeenth-century? French?) in the margins throughout
and on ( inserted slips, the annotations cropped, mostly without loss
of sense. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
Later edition, the rst printed in Nuremberg with the addition of works
by Bacon and others (rst edition of Gebers alchemical works, Rome,
probably +(8). Ferguson lists the following sixteenth-century Latin
editions: Strasbourg, +z8, +z, +o(?), ++, all folio; (to,
Nuremberg, +(+ [the present edition]; 8vo, Venice, +(z;
Nuremberg, (to, +( (with other works [a reprint of the present
edition]); 8vo, Basle, +;z [see next item]; 8vo, Strasbourg, +8.
Translations were rst printed in German in +z; in French in +6;z;
and in English in +6;8. vb+6 J+; Wellcome z;+.
A signicant edition of Gebers alchemical writings, of which the
Summa perfectionis is by far the longest and most important.
We may consider it the main chemical textbook of mediaeval
Christendom... an elaborate treatise on the art, at once
theoretical and practical (Sarton). The writings that go under
the name of Geber were once thought to be the work of the
eighth-century Arabian alchemist, Jab r ibn H
.
ayyan; in fact they
are quite separate and probably written in the second half of the
thirteenth century. Sarton comments that whether they be
translations or elaborations, they represent the amount of Arabic
chemical knowledge made available to Latin reading people
toward the end of the thirteenth century; or, to put it otherwise,
they represent the best Latin knowledge on chemistry in that
period. (Sarton II, p. +o((.)
This edition, printed by Johann Petreius who was to print the
rst edition of Copernicus, De revolutionibus two years later, contains six other
treatises in addition to the four by Geber. These are specied on the titlepage
as Speculu[m] alchemiae... Rogerii Bachonis. Correctorium alchemiae...
Richardi Anglici [see no. +o; below]. Rosarius minor, de alchemia, incerti
authoris. Liber secretorum alchemiae Calidis lii Iazichi Judaei [Khalid ibn
Yazid]. Tabula smaragdina de alchemia, Hermetis Trismeg. Hortulani
philosophi, super tabulam smaragdinam Hermetis commentarius.
Pagel has noted on the endleaf (following Ferguson) that this edition
contains the rst edition of Hermes Trismegistus Tabula smaragdina, the
Emerald Table, one of the most ancient alchemical texts and for a long time
associated with Hermes. Indeed alchemy itself has always been called the
Hermetic art. Almost everything about the text and its authorship are prob-
lematic, yet The student of the history of chemistry cannot well ignore it
(Ferguson). And according to Read, Although the precepts of Hermes Tris-
megistos have sometimes been dismissed as meaningless, they appear to oer
one of the oldest statements of fundamental alchemical doctrine. The Emer-
ald Table, whatever its source may have been, exerted a profound inuence
upon alchemical writings of the thirteenth century and later. (Read p. .)
At the end of the volume is an address by Petreius and a list of works which
he intends to edit and publish.
Sarton II, pp. +o(. Ferguson, Bibliotheca chemica I, p. oz for Geber and I,
for Hermes; Read, Prelude pp. (;+ for Geber and + for Hermes; for Jab r ibn
H
.
ayyan, who was not the author of these works, as was established at the end of the
nineteenth century, see DSB VII:(z, but confusion still reigns and the works
of Geber are still sometimes catalogued under Jabirs name.
q
GEBER (+th cent)
Summa perfectionis magisterii... cum quorundam Capitulor[m],
vasorum, & fornacum, in volumne alias mendosissime impresso
omissorum. Libriq[ue] investigationis magisterii, & Testamenti
eiusdem Geberis... [no imprint on title, R;v:] Venetiis apud Petrum
Schoeer: Germanum, Mauntinum. Anno +(z. [R8v, under printers
device:] Apud Dominum Joannem Baptistam pederzanu[m]
Brixiensem. Anno +(z.
Venice: Giovanni Battista Pederzano and Peter Schoeer, +(z.
8vo: [A]
8
BR
8
, +6 leaves, . [8] pp. ++6 . +z6 [z]. Italic letter
with Roman headings. Woodcut initials, woodcut printers device on
verso of last leaf. Full page woodcut on verso of title and smaller
woodcuts on other leaves. (The change from pagination to foliation
after the second gathering is of no textual signicance.)
+( x +oomm. Woodcut on verso of title shaved; light waterstains on
rst and last few leaves. A ne fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, old MS lettering on top edge,
later lettering on spine, ties lacking. Strip torn from top of front free
endleaf.
Provenance: Contemporary note of contents on front free endleaf and
words of annotation in the same hand in Italian on f. +o+, a few
marginal marks and a pointing st. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
Later edition of Gebers works (see note above for earlier editions) but
the rst to contain the Testamentum. cbi1+6 cNcc zo86; Adams Go+;
Duveen p. z8; Neu zo((; Neville I, p. o; Wellcome z;+;.
This important edition is the rst to include the Testamentum, the fth of the
ve treatise ascribed to Geber. The earlier editions contained only four
treatises (see above). The edition also includes Ibn S na (Avicenna), Mineralia
and Interpretatio Epistolae Alexandri Regis; Khalid, Liber Trium Verborum; and
the anonymous treatises Philosopphici lapidis secreta; and Merlini allegoria; and
Rachaidibi et al, De materia philosophici lapidis.
qq
GEMMA FRISIUS, Reiner (+o8+)
De radio astronomico & geometrico liber. In quo multa quae ad
geographiam, opticam, geometriam & astronomiam utiliss. sunt,
demonstrantur... Adjunximus brevem tractationem... Lutetiae, Apud
Gulielmum Cavellat, in pingui gallina, ex adverso Colegii
Cameracensis. +8 cum privilegio regis.
Paris: Guillaume Cavelat, +8.
8vo: al
8
, 88 leaves, . 8; [+]. Italic letter with Roman headings.
Woodcut initials and headpieces and z woodcut illustrations.
+;z x +o;mm. Wormholes in title aecting a few letters; light
browning. A good fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, red edges. A little soiled, small
tears in spine but a well preserved binding.
Provenance: Occasional underlining and one correction in the margin;
inscription on title Joh. Jessenius Pragae comp. An. +6+, identied
by Pagel as Johann Jessenio de Magna Jessen (+66+6z+) of Prague,
famous physician, Rector of Prague University & Statesman, executed
after the battle at the White Mountain.
Second, enlarged edition, some copies are dated +; (rst edition
Antwerp +(). Adams Az; van Ortroy +z; Renouard Parisiens,
Cavelat +(+; Houzeau and Lancaster z(z8.
An important surveying treatise describing the construction and use of an
improved cross sta. The Jacobs sta, or cross-sta, the earliest surveying and
astronomical instrument discussed by Daumas, was reputedly invented by the
fourteenth-century Jewish astronomer, Levi ben Gerson. It was used by
Regiomontanus for astronomical observations and Ry illustrated its use in
measuring the heights of towers in +((;, but it was only adopted as an
important instrument in surveying and navigation in the course of the
sixteenth century. Gemma Frisius, early in the sixteenth century, published
a detailed description of the Jacobs sta in a more rational form. As he
described it, the instrument consisted of a sta, and a cross-piece, or transom,
whose respective lengths were in the proportion of z:+. Thus a sta cubits
in length had a cross-piece + cubits long. Sta and cross-piece were engraved
with scales for angle reading... The construction of such an instrument at the
date at which Gemma Frisius described it, cannot have been easy. Long,
cumbersome and fragile, it had to withstand complex handling. The same
instrument was described in a simpler form by Gallucci in +8. (Daumas
p.+o.)
After Gemmas text is a table for laying out sun dials by Peurbach, as in the
rst edition, followed by two shorter treatises not printed there: De arte
mensurandi in compositionem baculi Iacobi Ioannes Spang; and
Sebastianus Munsterus de baculo Jacob ex lib. I. de principiis geometriae
eiusdem.
Maurice Daumas trs Mary Holbrook, Scientic Instruments of the Seventeenth and
Eighteenth Centuries and their Makers (+;z); Fernand van Ortroy, Bibliographie
de Gemma Frisius, Mmoires de lAcadmie royale des sciences... de Belgique, Classe
des Letters, znd ser. ++ (+zo).
q
GESNER, Konrad (++6+6)
The newe jewell of health, wherein is contayned the most excellent
secretes of phisicke and philosophie, devided into fower bookes. In the
which are the best approved remedies for the diseases as well inwarde
as outwarde, of all the partes of mans bodie: treating very amplye of all
dystillations of waters, of oyles, balmes, quintessences, with the
extraction of articiall saltes, the use and preparation of antimonie, and
potable gold. Gathered out of the best and most approved authors, by
that excellent doctor Gesnerus. Also the pictures, and maner to make
the vessels, furnaces, and other instrumentes thereunto belonging.
Faithfully corrected and published in Englishe, by George Baker,
chirurgian. Printed at London, by Henrie Denham +;6.
London: Henry Denham, +;6.
(to:
*
(
AY
8
zAzL
8
zM
z
, z;o leaves; . [+z] z8. Black letter with
Roman and Italic headings. Large woodcut on title, arms on the verso,
initials and 8 text illustrations.
+;; x +(omm. Titlepage soiled, blank corners of prelims restored;
small wormholes in inner margins touching a letter or two on +z
leaves; some waterstaining and browning, but a largely fresh and clean
copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century half russia. Spine cracked, chipped and
worn, corners worn.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription on Bzr George Gower est
verus possessor huius libri praecui s (d and about (o words of
marginal annotation, mostly on . o+, in the same hand. This
could be George Gower (d. +6), the leading portrait painter in
London in the +;os and 8os, appointed sergeant-painter to
Elizabeth I in +8+ (see ODNB); Walter Pagels signature,
undated.
First edition in English, a translation of Euonymus, sive de remediis secretis,
pars secunda (+6), by George Baker (+(o+6oo). Another edition
was printed in + under the title The practise of the new and old
phisicke (with the same collation but a complete re-setting and with
changes to the prelims). STC ++;8; ESTC S+oo6o; Wellisch Bz.(;
Durling zo88; Wellcome z8o+; Cole zo; Neville I, pp. +8;
Luborsky and Ingram I, pp. (.
A translation of the second part of Gesners Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri de
remediis secretis (+z), known as the rst textbook of pharmaceutical
chemistry. It was this work that proved to be the great Swiss naturalists most
popular work, rather than his major contributions to philology, bibliography,
botany and zoology for which he is best remembered today. The rst part
(originally published under the pseudonym of Euonymus Philiatrus because
Gesner felt that it did not live up to his own exacting standards) was translated
into English by Peter Morwen as The treasure of Euonymus (+).
The book is lavishly illustrated and is perhaps the best illustrated English
technical treatise of the sixteenth-century certainly in the eld of chemistry.
Compared with the woodcuts in the original the English copies are larger,
include a spatial setting, however rudimentary, and often add human gures,
some in contemporary middle-class dress (Luborsky and Ingram). In
addition to the cuts copied and adapted from the original edition, there are two
small cuts from Part I (copied from the Lyon + edition), several from
Biringuccios De la pirotechnia (Venice +(o); and four full-page cuts on the
divisional titles are based on engravings in Thurneisser, Quinta essentia,
(Munster +;o). All but two cuts were re-used in the + reprint, but apart
from this and a single cut used by Byneman in a publication of +6;;, this
remarkable series of woodcuts was not used again.
Hans Wellisch, Conrad Gessner: a bio-bibliography, Journal of the Society for the
Bibliography of Natural History ; (+;) ++z(;.
q6
AL-GHA

ZALI

, Abu H
.
am d (+o8++++)
Logica et philosophia Algazelis Arabis. [Colophon:] ingenio et
impensis Petri Liechtensteyn Coloniensis anno virginei partus. +o6.
Idibus februariis sub hemispherio Veneto.
Venice: Peter Liechtenstein, +o6.
(to: a
8
b
6
cg
8
h
+o
, 6( unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter in double
columns with shoulder notes. Woodcut initials on az and c+. A few
geometric diagrams in the text.
z+6 x +mm. A few spots, a ne fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Nineteenth-century calf backed boards. Joints cracked, spine
almost detached.
First edition, a translation by D. Gundislavus of the rst z parts of the
Maqasid al-falasifah. cbi1+6 cNcc zo; Adams G6(.
Maqas
.
id al-falasifah, The Aims of Philosophers, is an early work in which al-
Ghazal presents the basic theories of philosophy, based on Avicenna. It thus
sets out the ground work for his sceptical Tahafut al-Falasifa, The Incoher-
ence of the Philosophers.
Al-Ghazal , a Persian theologian and philosopher who taught in Baghdad,
is considered a pioneer of the methods of doubt and scepticism, changing the
course of early Islamic philosophy. His works were a major inuence on
Western medieval philosophy, especially through Thomas Aquinas who
studied his works at the university of Naples. It has also been suggested that
Descartes, in the Discours de la Mthode took ideas from al-Ghazal (Najm).
This seems to have been the rst of al-Ghazal s works to be translated and
published in the West. The Tahafut al-Falasifa was rst published as Subtil-
issimus liber Averois, qui dicitur Destructio Destructionum philosophiae Algazelis
(Venice, +z6).
Sami M. Najm, The Place and Function of Doubt in the Philosophies of Descartes
and al-Ghazal Philosophy East and West +6 (+66), +(+.
qy
GUY DE CHAULIAC or GUIDO DE CAULIACO
(c. +ooc. +68)
Chirurgia.
[A+] Cyrurgia Guidonis de cauliaco. Et Cyrurgia Bruni.
Theodorici Rogerii Rolandi Bertapalie Lanfranci. [GGr] Venetiis
Imp[re]ssaru[m] ma[n]dato et exp[r]esis nobilis viri d[omi]ni
Octaviani Scoti civis Modoetie[n]sis cura et ante Bonet Locatelli
Bergom[e]nsis. Anno a salustero virginali partu. Millesimo
q[ua]drige[n]tesimo nonagesimo octavo. undecimo kale[n]das
Decembres.
Venice: Bonetus Locatellus, for Octavianus Scotus, :I November I8,
+(8.
Folio: AZ
8
&
8
?
8
,
+o
AAFF
8
GG
+o
(GG+o blank), z6; of z68 leaves,
. z6;. Gothic letter, 6 lines in double columns, woodcut initials,
printers device on GGv. z8 text illustrations, mostly simple diagrams
but including one of a skull on f. +;, three of instruments on f. +;6
and fourteen on f. zo.
z( x z+mm. A few worm holes running through the text; blank
corners of U(6 cut out to remove a stain; some waterstaining and
soiling but mostly near the beginning and end and much of the book
clean and fresh.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, traces of ties. Old repair to
head of spine
Provenance: Three contemporary or early inscriptions on A+: +.
Georgius f[ilius] d.mi lanzeloti de colleris aromatarius i[n] daro. z.
Questo libro sie de io fr. bernardino de Forno mi fu donato del + e
trentase [i.e. +6] in cremona da miser antonio de iseo; . Ex libris
Lucii de Ricobellis. Another inscription on nal leaf Questo libro sie
de Gorg de Celeri spizier i[n] daro. About o words of
contemporary annotation and pointing sts in the margins.
First edition in the original Latin (French and Italian translations had
been printed in +(;8 and +(8o). Go G8; ISTC igoo8ooo; Klebs
((.+; BMC V (+; GW ++66; Walsh zo; Rhodes (Oxford
Colleges) 8;(.
The most important surgical text of the middle ages, written around +6 in
Latin and immediately translated into French and other European languages.
The importance of the Chirurgia lies not in its description of technical
advances but in its systematization of surgery and its recognition of the
responsibilities of the surgeon and the needs of his patients, which have not
changed in the six hundred years since the work was written.... The Chirurgia
is one of the landmarks in the history of surgery... it represented the most
complete compilation of surgical material prepared to that date, and it
remained authoritative in Western medicine until the seventeenth century.
(Grolier +oo Medicine 8, citing the French, +(;8, and Italian, +(8o, editions).
Guy de Chauliac studied at Toulouse, Montpellier and Bologna; he was
physician to successive popes in exile at Avignon where he met Petrarch.
Besides Guys Chirurgia this edition includes: Brunus Longoburgensis,
Chirurgia magna et minor; Bonaventura de Castello, Recepta aquae balnei de
Porrecta; Theodoricus Cerviensis, Chirurgia; Rolandus, Libellus de chirurgia;
Lanfrancus Mediolanensis, Chirurgia; Rogerius, Practica; Leonardus
Bertapalia, Recollectae super quarto libro Avicennae.
Sarton III, pp. +6o+6(.
q8
GUY DE CHAULIAC (c. +ooc. +68)
In arte medica exercitatissimi chirurgia, nunc iterum non
mediocri studio atq[ue] diligentia pluribus mendis purgata: cum
duplici dictionum & rerum indice per se plurimum signicantium per
ordinem alphabeticum digesto. Lugduni, apud haeredes Jacobi Iuntae.
M.D.LIX.
Lyon: heirs of Jacques Giunta, +.
8vo: az
8
AO
8
, z6 leaves, pp. [z] 6o. Roman letter with Italic
headings. Woodcut printers device on title, woodcut initials.
+o x mm. Some headlines cropped, a few shoulder notes shaved,
light waterstains throughout.
Binding: Seventeenth-century (Italian?) vellum with ties, red and blue
mottled page edges.
Provenance: Walter Pagels signature, undated, on pastedown.
First and only edition of this recension? The edition was shared and two
other title page variants exist, one with the imprint of Sebastian de
Honoratis, the other with that of Gaspar de Portanariis. Baudrier VI,
p. z; Gltlingen IV, Giunta 8.
q
HALY ABBAS AL-MAJU

SI

, Al ibn Abbas, (d. ()

Liber totius medicine necessaria continens quem sapientissimus
Haly lius abbas discipulus abimeher moysi lii seiar edidit: regi[que]
inscripsit unde et regalis dispositionis nomen assumpsit. Et a stephano
philosophie discipulo ex arabica lingua in Latinam satis ornatam
reductus. Necnon a domino michaele de capella artis et medicine
doctore fecundis sinonimis a multis et diversis autoribus ab eo collectis
illustrat[us] sum[m]aq[u]e c[um] dilige[n]tia impressus, +z.
[Colophon:] Lugduni typis Jacobi myt exacte impressus fuit Anno
domini millesimo quingentesima xxiii. die vero. xviii.mensis martii.
Lyon: Jacob Myt, +z.
(to:
8
a
8
b
(
cz
8
&
8
?
8
#
8
AO
8
(blank O8), z( leaves, . [8] + [+].
Gothic letter in double columns. Title printed in red within an
elaborate woodcut border, several lines printed in red on +v, zr and
a+r. Woodcut initials.
+8 x +mm. Title soiled and inked over in places; short tears in
margin of next leaf repaired; paper aw in corner of x6 aecting a few
letters; a few headlines shaved; several gatherings lightly browned.
Overall a good copy.
Binding: Seventeenth-century sprinkled calf, gilt spine, red sprinkled
edges. Worn, front free endleaf removed.
Provenance: A few words of contemporary annotation. Nineteenth-
century inscription Ex libris [undeciphered] on verso of title.
Second edition (rst, Venice +(z). Adams A;(6; Bird +o; Durling +68;
Gltlingen II, Myt 86.
The al-Mal ki, or Liber regius, of al-Majus was the leading treatise of medicine
for a hundred years, when it was displaced by ibn S nas Canon (Garrison
Morton (z, citing the +(z edition). According to Sarton it is more systematic
and concise than Raz s Haw , but more practical than ibn S nas Qanun, by
which it was superseded. Dealing with both the theory and practice of
medicine, Sarton says the best parts are those devoted to dietetics and the
materia medica. He also notes al-Majus s rudimentary conception of the
capillary system; interesting clinical observations; and proof of the motions of
the womb during parturition (the child does not come out; it is pushed out).
The rst edition, Venice +(z, is based on the translation by Stephen of
Antioch, completed in ++z;; the same translation is used here, with annota-
tions by Michael de Capella. An earlier translation by Constantine of Africa
was published in part in Constantines works (Basle +) and in part by Julius
Pagel in +o6.
Sarton, I, p. 6;;.
o
HARNISCH, Anthonius
Tractatulus de complexionibus ex phisicis sumptus principiis. [No
imprint or colophon].
Leipzig: Martin Landsberg, printer identied by device, date from
foreword, +o.
(to, A
6
, 6 leaves unpaginated. Gothic letter, spaces for initials, text
ends on A6r with printers device, verso blank.
zoo x +;. Slight discolouration. A good copy with wide margins.
Binding: Recent cloth.
First edition. Bird ++z; vb+6 H(.
An astrologicalmedical treatise on complexion, that is the combination of the
four humours controlling the temperament and the constitution of the body.
From his dedicatory epistle addressed to Johann Hummel, we learn that the
author was from Friburg, but nothing else seems to be known about him.
t
HERBARIUS, Italian
Herbolario volgare, nel quale le virtu de le herbe, & molti altri
simplici se dechiarano, con alcune belle aggionte nouame[n]te di latino
in volgare tradutto. [Colophon:] per Gioanni Andrea Vauassore detto
Guadagnino et fratelli. Nel anno. +(. Adi. +. Novembrio.
Venice: Giovanni Adrea Valvassore detto Guadagnino et fratelli, +(.
8vo: aa
6
AX
8
, Y
6
, +8o leaves, .[6], Cap. +++, . [z]. Gothic
letter. Woodcut initials, woodcut printers device on last leaf, verso
blank; woodcut of z saints on title, full page woodcut of the Madonna
and Child with musicians on aa6v; and ++ three-quarter page text
woodcuts.
+ x +o(mm. Leaves D6, M, O and R+ supplied from another copy
and remargined; titlepage worn and soiled; the rest of the book
waterstained and with some soiling but still fresh.
Binding: Late nineteenth-century half vellum.
Provenance: About o words of contemporary annotation. Walter
Pagels signature on pastedown.
Third edition in Italian of the Latin Herbarius of +(8( (rst Italian
edition, Venice +zz, second +z6; there were another ; sixteenth-
century editions). cbi1+6 cNcc zz;; Hunt (; KlebsBecher +6;
Nissen z+;.
The Latin Herbarius, rst printed in +(8(, was the prototype of all the herbals
printed in the fteenth and the rst part of the sixteenth centuries. It is an
anonymous compilation of classical and Arabic authors describing and
illustrating +o plants in the rst part, and the drugs derived from them in the
second.
This rare Italian edition is a new translation, dierent from that of +zz, and
illustrated with a new series of woodcuts. These were not used again in any
other publication, though they were copied for the + and three following
editions of the Herbarius in Italian. In all the Italian editions the traditional
chapter 8, on Matricaria, is replaced by a chapter on honey, and a new chapter
numbered ++, on wine and vinegar, has been added.
z
HIPPOCRATES ((6o?;;? B.C.)
Aphorismi. De natura humana. De atibus. Praesagia. De ratione
victus. Galeni ars medicinalis. Parisiis apud Simone Colinaeum.
Paris: Simon de Colines, +o.
+6mo: az
8
&
(
(blank &(), +88 leaves, . ++8; [+]. Roman letter,
some Greek in shoulder notes. Cribl and outline woodcut initials.
+o+ x (mm. A few shoulder notes shaved; somewhat soiled, especially
the title and prelims, waterstained, worming in inner margins.
Binding: Nineteenth-century vellum boards.
Provenance: Extensive contemporary or early annotations on the rst
dozen pages of the Aphorisms, on a few pages later in the book and on
z( pages of z blank leaves bound at the end. Signature W. Mortimer
Clark +8( on free endleaf.
Later editions. Durling z(; Bruni Celli z.
An attractive shirt-pocket edition of Hippocrates Aphorisms and other texts.
Colines had published all the texts in similarly diminutive volumes in +z(
and +z (Renouard pp. 6( and ;(). This collected edition seems to have been
unknown to Renouard but seems to be identical to Colines + edition
(Renourad pp. ++z).
The Aphorismi and Techne iatrike is translated by Niccol Leoniceno; De
natura humana by Andrea Brenta; De atibus by Constantino Lascaris;
Praesagia and De ratione victus by Gulielmus Copus.

HORTUS SANITATIS
Gart der gesuntheit Zu latein hortus sanitatis. Sagt in vier Bcheren
wie hernach volget. Von [brace] Im Ersten. Vierfsigen und
Krichenden. Im Anderen. Vglen und den Fliegenden. Im Dritten
Vischen und Schwimmenden. Im Vierden. Dem Edlen Gesteyn und
allem so in den Aderen der erden wachsen ist... item ein new Register,
zeigt klrlich an die Artzneien zu allerlei kranckheiten... Getruckt zu
Straburg bei Mathia Apiario nach Christi geburt M. D. XXXVI jar.
[Colophon:] Gedruckt und volender zu Straburg durch Mathiam
Apiarium, nach Christi geburt im M D xxxvi. jar.
Strasbourg: Matthias Apiarius, +6.
Folio: az
6
A
(
B
6
(blanks +6 and B6), +(8 leaves, . [6] +(+ [+]. Gothic
letter. Title printed in red and black within a woodcut border,
woodcut printers device on Bv. woodcut illustrations, including
repeats.
z8 x zoomm. Corner of c+ torn away with loss of several words from
the end of ( lines; clean tear in p. ( through text and illustration
repaired; a number of marginal tears, some reparied; light waterstains
towards the end; soiled from heavy use throughout. None-the-less a
reasonably fresh copy with good margins.
Binding: Recent calf, red painted and gauered edges from a former
binding.
Provenance: From the gauering it appears that this work was formerly
bound with, or formed a companion to, nos +, ; and +o8. Early
signature, undeciphered, on B(v.
Later edition. vb+6 H+z;; Muller p. 8(, Apiarius 6. Not in Ritter or
Benzing; Nissen (;o.
An unusual Hortus Sanitatis edition devoted to the world of animals and
minerals and their medicinal products. In other words there are no plants in
this garden, but far more illustrations of birds, reptiles, mammals, sh and
minerals than are found elswhere in the Hortus Sanitatis literature. The
illustrations are somewhat stylised but the attitudes of the animals are often
vivid and characteristic at least so far as we know (there are many mythical
creatures for whose attitudes we can only take the artists view on trust). In
the mineralogy section a number show jewellers at work or selling their wares.
The cuts were apparently made for this edition, published simultaneously
with a Latin edition using the same blocks. Some illustrations showing
workers engaged in their trades in outdoor or indoor scenes are made up of
two, or in some case three blocks which could be rearranged to make dierent
pictures. This technique was used by another Strasbourg printer, Johann
Grninger.
q
HUTTEN, Ulrich von (+(88+z)
De guaiaci medicina et morbo gallico liber unus. [Colophon:]
Impressum Bononiae per Hieronymum de Benedictis procurante
Carpo, Anno Virginei Patus. M. D. XXI. quarta Aprilis.
Bologna: Girolamo Benedetti for Berengario da Carpi, +z+.
(to: ak
(
(-k( blank), of (o leaves, . XXXIX. Roman letter. Title
within a woodcut border +z-line woodcut initial on a(v.
+; x +(6mm. Title leaf soiled and restored with insignicant loss to
woodcut; corner of c( restored, some isolated spots; otherwise a large
and fresh copy.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: Seven words of contemporary annotation. Walter Pagels
signature on pastedown.
Third edition (rst, Mainz ++, second Paris same year); the Mainz
edition was reprinted in +z( and there were several later editions.
cbV'+6 cNcc zo+z; Durling z+o; Putti IV p. +(6.
Huttens short treatise on the use of oil of guaiac as a treatment for syphilis,
in the form of an exchange of letters between Paul Ricius and the author and
a postscript by Wofgang Angst. This edition was printed for Berengario da
Carpi who is credited with introducing the use of mercury in treating syphilis.
It contains a postscript by Berengario in which he commends Huttens
classical style (Osler (;6). Putti discusses reasons for Berengarios interest in
the text (pp. 6().
The ne woodcut titlepage border was also used by Benedetti for Beren-
garios Commentaria ... super Anatomiam Mundini printed in March of the same
year. It incorporates the arms of Pope Leo X to whom the Commentaria was
dedicated, and a dissection scene (Wolf- Heidegge no. ++).
Putti, Vittorio, Berengario da Carpi; saggio biograco e bibliograco, seguito dalla
traduzione del De fractura calvae sive cranei (+;); Gerhard Wolf-Heidegger, Die
anatomische Sektion in bildlicher Darstellung (+6;).

IAMBLICHUS, (c. zc. o); Marsilio FICINO (+(+()

De mysteriis Aegyptiorum [and other works].
[Colophon:] Venetiis mense Septembri. M.IIID. In aedibus Aldi.
Venice: Aldus Manutius, +(;.
Folio: ai
8
K
(
LM
6
NZ
8
&
+o
(&+o, blank), +8 of +86 un-numbered
leaves, wanting the nal blank leaf. Roman letter, initial spaces with
guide letters.
+( x z+mm. Title worn and soiled with a tear aecting several
letters; multiple wormholes and tracks throughout aecting the text on
many leaves; waterstains in rst gatherings; inner margins
strengthened throughout and some repairs to worm tracks. Otherwise
a fresh copy with good margins.
Binding: Resewn and bound in recent vellum backed boards.
Provenance: Old owners stamp on rst leaf.
First edition. In this copy az is correctly signed and the mis-spelling
abente on Kzr corrected to absente. Go J-z+6; Klebs z.+; ISTC
ijooz+6ooo; BSB-Ink I-+z; Bod-inc J-o; BMC V, ;; Walsh z6(8
z6; Renouard, Alde p. +, no. 6; Wellcome 8.
An important collection of neo-platonic works translated and adapted, some
with commentaries, by Marsilio Ficino [see above no. ;]. The edition
comprises the following texts: Iamblichus, De mysteriis; Proclus, In Platonicum
Alcibiadem; Proclus, De sacricio et magia; Porphyrius, De occasionibus, de
abstinentia, &c; Synesius De somniis; Psellus, De daemonibus; Priscianus et
Marsilius, In Theophrastum De sensu, &c; Alcinous, De doctrina Platonis;
Speusippus, De Platonis denitionibus; Pythagorae, Aurea verba et symbola;
Xenocrates, De morte; Marilius, De voluptate.
Aldus ne typography even among Aldus output, Renouard calls it a
rare et beau volume is sadly disgured by worming and unsympathetic
repairs.
For details of Ficinos contributions, and references, see Alan Coates and
others, A catalogue of books printed in the fteenth century now in the Bodleian
Library (zoo), J-o.
6
IBN BUT
.
LA

N, (d. c. +o68)
Tacuini sanitatis Elluchasem Elimithar Medici de Baldath, De sex
rebus non naturalibus, earum naturis, operationibus, & rectication-
ibus, publico omnium usui, conservandae sanitatis, recens exarati.
Albengnet De virtutibus medicinarum, & ciborum. Iac. Alkindus De
rerum gradibus. apud Ioannem Schottum librarium. Cum praerogatiua
Caes. Maiestatis ad sexennium. M. D. XXXI.
Strasbourg: Johann Schott, ++.
Folio: AM
6
, NO
(
, P
6
(blank P6), pp. +6, [] (last z pages blank).
Roman letter, titlepage and sigs DK printed in red and black,
woodcut initials on Ar, K6r and M(v, (o woodcut illustrations.
First edition. Another state has the majority of the tables printed in black
only, and some of the errata corrected. A German translation was
published by Schott two years later (see below). vb+6 M 6;;;; Ritter
6;8; Muller p. z, Schott +; Adams I++; Bird +z8o; Durling zzo;
Manchester ;(8; Waller z;(o; Wellcome +6. Cleveland Herbal (+.
Simon II, 6; Vicaire z.
[bound with:]
RHAZES. AL-RA

ZI

, Abu Bakr Muh

.
ammad ibn Zakar ya (86?z?)
Liber nonus ad Almansorem (cum expositione Silani de Nigris).
Add: Petrus de Tussignano: Receptae super nonum ad Almansorem.
Venice: Otinus de Luna, Papiensis, :I July, +(;.
Folio, ap
6
(blank p6), o unnumbered leaves, gothic letter, ;z lines in
double columns, spaces for guide letters, unrubricated.
Fourth edition of al-Raz s, Liber nonus ad Almansorem with the
commentary of Syllanus de Nigris (. +8), and other texts. The
Liber nonus was rst published in +(;, independently of the rest of the
Liber ad Almansorem, ten books in all, rst published complete in +(8+.
Syallanus de Nigris commentary was rst printed in +(;6. Go R-
+8(; BMC V, 6; ISTC iroo+8(ooo; Klebs (6.z; BSB-Ink R-+6(;
Wellcome (z.
o x +8mm. I. Insignicant paper discolouration. A superb fresh and
clean copy. II. Fore-edge of rst leaf chipped; some light waterstains, a
good fresh copy.
Binding: Two books bound together in early sixteenth-century limp
vellum. Manuscript fore-edge lettering. Hebrew manuscript on vellum
fragment used as a sewing guard at the front, plain vellum at the rear,
traces of cloth ties, manuscript fore-edge lettering.
Provenance: Walter Pagels signature dated +(.
The Tacuini Sanitatis is an important work on diet and health, the rst Arabic
book on gastronomy printed in the Western world. It is illustrated with (o
superb woodcuts by Hans Weiditz of foodstus and prepared dishes. Ibn
But
.
lans work is printed with other Arabic health manuals, and in this copy
bound in the sixteenth-century with a fteenth-century edition of a health
manual by the greatest of all the Arab physicians, al-Raz . All these works bring
home forcibly the holistic approach to health in the middle ages, and what now
seems so modern, the insistence on the benets to health not just of diet, but
of mental health; of music, dance, singing and games; of climate, the seasons,
and geographical location.
The Taqw m al-s
.
ih
.
h
.
a, tables of health, is a medieval manual on health and
diet compiled by the eleventh-century Christian physician Ibn But
.
lan, a native
of Baghdad where he taught medicine and philosophy. The text is arranged in
a series of tables so that the hazards and benets of each object whether it be
a foodstu or a life-style choice can be quickly found. There are forty tables
of seven items arranged vertically; horizontally the tables are divided into
fteen domus or criteria, such as the as the nature, benet, or harm of each item.
General dietetic information on food and drink from a sixteenth domus
precedes the forty tables. In the introduction, Ibn But
.
lan names the six non-
natural causes of sickness and health, traditionally part of Regimen sanitatis
literature: air; food and drink; exercise and rest; sleeping and waking; repletion
and excretion; and emotional well-being. The rst thirty tables, three-quarters
of the work, are devoted to foodstus, and between one and four tables each
to the remaining ve non-naturals.
The illustrations. The woodcuts are generally accepted as the work of Hans
Weiditz the younger (born before +oo, died c. +6), the son of a sculptor of
the same name and one of the best German woodcut artists of his generation.
He is celebrated for the unprecedented naturalism of his botanical illustrations
in Brunfels Herbarum vivae eicones published by Johannes Schott the year after
he printed this edition of the Tacuini sanitatis. Here, every opening of the main
work has at the bottom a frieze of small illustrations (usually seven) to the text
above, some show foodstus, others human gures in sickness and health. The
foodstus include plants, fruits, animals, butchers meat and many prepared
dishes. Men and women are shown pursuing healthy activities and in the
sickroom. All the subjects noted above are illustrated, so that three-quarters
of the illustrations relate to foodstus, and as each frieze contains seven
images, there are over zoo illustrations of ingredients and prepared dishes.
The texts. Nine arabic manuscripts of the Taqw m al-s
.
ih
.
h
.
a survive. It was
translated into Latin in the thirteenth century by an anonymous translator,
probably at the court of Manfred of Sicily in Palermo and a number of
manuscripts of the Latin translation survive, the earliest from the thirteenth
century, but it was not printed until this edition was produced in Strasbourg
in ++. To make a more substantial book, the publisher, Johannes Schott,
added Latin translations of two earlier Arabic works (both previously
published) which complement in subject matter the main text. These are the
work Ibn Wad (Latinised Albengnet, ++th-century) advocating the
treatment of disease primarily by diet and secondarily by simple drugs; and a
work on pharmacology by al-Kind (th-century), the foremost Arabic
philosopher of his time who played a major role in making the ancient science
and philosophy of the Greeks available to the Arab world.
The copy. This very ne copy of this collection of works by three Arab writers
is bound with an early edition of a work of Abu Bakr Muh
.
ammad ibn Zakar ya
al-Raz (Latinised Rhazes or Rhases, 86z). Al-Raz was chief physician at
the hospital in Baghdad and ranks with Hippocrates and Galen as one of the
founders of clinical medicine. The Liber nonus ad Almansorem is the ninth book
of his Liber ad Almansorem (addressed to prince Almansor) and is a popular
treatise on pathology and therapeutics, complementing therefore the work of
the Arab physicians published by Schott in ++.
Johnston, Stanley H. The Cleveland herbal, (Kent, OH, +z); Heinrich Rttinger,
Hans Weiditz der Petrarkameister (+o(), p. + and no. 8.
y
IBN BUT
.
LA

N, (d. c. +o68)
Schachtafelen der Gesuntheyt I Erstlich, Durch bewarung der Sechs
neben Natrlichen ding... II Zm Anderen, durch erkantnussz, cur, und
hynlegung Aller Kranckheyten menschlichs zfalls... III Zum Dritten.
Aller lxxxiiij. Tafelen sonderlich Regelbch angehenckt, in gemeyn, und
yeder dyenstlich. Vormals nye gesehen... newlich ugangen unnd
vertetscht Durch D. Michael Hero Leibartzt z Strasszburg... Getruckt
durch Hans Schotten zm Thyergarten. M. D. xxxiij.
Strasbourg: Johann Schott, +.
Folio: A
6
BI
(
K
6
LzH
(
zI
6
, ( leaves, pp. [(], lxxxj [(] lxxxijcclij
[8] (last page blank). Gothic letter. Woodcut initials and head and tail
pieces. (o woodcut illustrations, woodcut city arms and a three-
quarter page woodcut on p. clxx.
zo x +mm. Titlepage frayed and restored in margins; single
wormhole through text to sig. z; annotation on p. cxcix erased leaving
a hole. A few stains. Soiled throughout from heavy use.
Binding: Recent calf with remains of pigskin sides from a former
binding laid down, medallion portrait of a bearded man on upper
cover, arms on lower cover, red painted and gauered edges.
Provenance: From the gauering it appears that this work was formerly
bound with, or formed a companion to, nos +, and +o8. About +z
words of early annotation; inscription on front pastedown (from
former binding), undeciphered but dated +666.
First German edition (rst edition, in Latin, ++). vb+6 M6;;6; Ritter 6;;
Muller p. , Schott zo;; Rttinger 8; Durling zzz; Wellcome +6.
A German version of Ibn But
.
lans Taqw m al-s
.
ih
.
h
.
a (and other texts) from
Schotts Latin edition, Tacuini sanitatis (++) including all the Weiditz
woodcuts followed by versions of the Taqw m al-abdan f tadb r al-insa n of
Yah
.
ya ibn Isa , Ibn Jazlah (Durling).
8
ISIDORE OF SEVILLE, Saint (d. 66)
Etymologiae. Add: de summo bono
[+v:] Registru[m] iu [sic] libros etymologiaru[m] Sancti Isidori
Hispalensis Episcopi. [azr:] Incipit epistola. [A+r:] Incipit... de
su[m]mo bono. [Colophon:] Impressus Venetiis per Petru[m] lostein
de Langencen[ensis]. M.cccc.lxxxiii.
Venice: Peter Lslein, +(8.
Folio:
(
ah
+o
I
+z
k
+o

z
AB
+o
C
8
(blank a+; az signed a+(), +6
leaves, . [] +o+ [z] z8. Gothic letter, initial spaces with guide letters.
Full page woodcut on f. (8v and small woodcut diagrams on 6 other
leaves.
+o x zomm. Wormholes in blank margins in the last o leaves; light
waterstains in upper margins of rst zo leaves; scattered light foxing;
owners stamp erased from rst initial space on azr. A superb large
and fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary Italian blind stamped calf over wooden
boards, the sides panelled with roll stamps and single tools, diaper
ruled spine with raised bands, brass clasps and catches. Old repairs
to head and tail of spine and corners, one corner chipped, some
abrasions to sides and several worm holes; one clasp replaced, the
other missing.
Provenance: Owners stamp erased from az. Seven words of early
annotation. Walter Pagels signature on pastedown.
Fourth edition (rst, Strasbourg, +(;z). Go I +-8(; ISTC iioo+8(ooo;
BMC V, ;; BSB-Ink I-6o; Bod-inc I-o8; Klebs 6.(.
The rst great medieval encyclopedia, an epitome of all learning. It was the
most popular compendium in medievel libraries and was printed in eight
editions between +(;z and +oo.
His main work is the Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, written
probably between 6zz and 6; an encyclopaedia based upon classical
authors, chiey grammarians, and even more upon patristic literature. It
served as a model for later encyclopaedias and its inuence upon mediaeval
thought was very great. Poor as the Origines are, they reveal a genuine interest
in science, independently from theology. (Sarton.)
The Etymologiae, an encyclopaedic work, presents the sum of contemp-
orary knowledge on all branches of science. Book IV aords a survey of the
entire range of medicine. (GarrisonMorton 6;8;, +(;z edition).
... the Etymologiae or Origines... briey denes or discusses terms drawn
from all aspects of human knowledge and is based ultimately on late Latin
compendia and gloss collections. The books of greatest scientic interest deal
with mathematics, astronomy, medicine, human anatomy, zoology, geo-
graphy, meteorology, geology, mineralogy, botany, and agriculture... he wrote
nothing original... but his inuence in the Middle Ages and Renaissance was
great, and he remains an interesting and often authoritative source for Latin
lexicography, particularly in technical, scientic, and nonliterary elds.
(William D. Sharpe, DSB ;:z;).
Isidore was educated by his elder brother Leander and in monastery
schools. He succeeded Leander as bishop of Seville and Catholic primate of
Spain in . He was much concerned with the reformation of church
discipline and with the establishment of schools. Besides the Etymologiae he
wrote De natura rerum and numerous works on Scripture, canon law,
systematic theology, liturgy, general and Spanish history and ascetics.
There is a woodcut tree of tree of knowledge f. (8 v and the famous world
map on f. 68v in +(;z this was the rst map ever printed.
Sarton I, pp. (+;z.

ISRAELI, Isaac, the elder ISH

.
A

Q IBN SULAYMA

N al-ISRAI

LI

(c. 8zc. z)
Omnia opera ysaac... cum quibusdam aliis opusculis. [Colophon:]
Curauit ea imprimi honest[us] vir Bartholomeus Trot bibliopola
Lugdunen[sis]. Extrema man[us] apposita fuit anno D[omi]ni. xv.
supra. M. mense Decembri: in lugdunen[sem]. emporio in ocina
probi viri Johannis de Platea chalcographi.
Lyon: Jean de La Place for Barthlmy Trot, ++.
Folio: az
8
&
8
#
8
?
8
A
8
B
+o
a
+o
; AzB
8
zC
+o
A
6
(A6, presumably blank),
(+ of (z leaves, . zz6 [+o]; z+o []. Gothic letter in double
columns. a
+o
and A
6
(A6) at the end of each part are indexes, not
included in the registers printed on B+ov and zC+or. Title printed in
red and black and with a large woodcut (+z x +;mm); woodcut
initials in several sizes.
o+ x zomm. Titlepage soiled and worn with slight damage to type
and woodcut; small worm hole through text in rst (o leaves, other
wormholes in the margins; uniformly browned throughout.
Binding: Eighteenth-century vellum boards. Small hole in vellum on
spine and fore edges of boards, worn.
Provenance: A few contemporary annotations.
First complete edition. The Tractatus de particularibus dietatis was rst
printed in +(8;. Adams I+8+; Baudrier VIII, p. (z; Gltlingen II, La
Place z;; Durling z; (not including indexes in foliation).
Among the medical works, the Book on Fevers and the Book on Urine were
highly regarded textbooks. Sarton calls the latter by far the most elaborate
mediaeval treatise on the subject. The Treatise on diet, the only text in print
before this edition of Isaacs works, was the rst separately printed work on the
subject (GarrisonMorton +6+). Of Isaacs philosophical works, the Book of
Denitions and Descriptions, largely based on al-K nd , was widely used by the
Schoolmen in Gerard of Cremonas Latin version (Stern). The hearing of a
text by Isaac was a requirement of Cambridge students according to the
statutes of +6 (Stillwell).
Isaac Israeli or Judaeus, one of the greatest physicians of Western Islam
(Stillwell) was one of the rst to direct the Jews to Greek science and
philosophy... he composed many medical writings in Arabic. Translated into
Latin in +o8; by Constantine of Africa, into Hebrew, and into Sapanish, their
inuence was very great... Isaac was the earliest Jewish philosopher (or one of
the earliest) to publish a classication of the sciences. This was essentially the
Aristotelian one as transmitted and modied by the Muslims. (Sarton.)
The Pantegni and Viaticum here ascribed to Isaac are free Latin versions by
Constantinus Africanus of the Kitab ab-Malik of Al ibn al-Abbas and the Zad
al-musar of Ahmad ibn Ibrah m, called ibn al-Jazzar, respectively. The Liber
de oculis is also a translation by Constantinus, of the Kitab al-ashr makalat
l-ain, of H
.
unain ibn Ishak, al-Ibad . (Durling.)
Sarton I, pp. 6(o; Stillwell (z;; S. M. Stern, DSB ;, pp. zzz.
6o
LA RIVIERE, Roch le Baillif, sieur de (d. +8)
Le demosterion... Auquel sont contenuz trois cens aphorismes latins
& franois. Sommaire veritable de la medecine paracelsique, extraicte
de luy en la plus part... A Rennes, pour Pierre le Bret marchant
Libraire, demeurant audict liu pres la porte S. Michel. +;8. Avec
privilege du Roy. [Imprint on rst table:] Excudebat Jul. Closeus
Typographus Rhed. +;8].
Rennes: Julian du Clos for Pierre le Bret, +;8.
(to: a( e( AM
(
N
8
O
6
PZ
(
a
(
(blank a(), ++o leaves, pp. [+6] + [i.e.
;], . 6+o [i.e. +o8], pp. +++o (with many errors in numbering);
plus z folding printed tables, one in circular form. Roman and Italic
letter. Woodcut printers device on title, woodcut initials and headpieces
and a three-quarter page palmistry woodcut on p. +.
+z x +z8mm. Paper aw in a ( with loss of a few letters; worming in
text in the last gatherings; light foxing and browning, sig. H more
heavily browned.
Binding: Nineteenth-century half sheep, vellum corners. Worn.
Provenance: Nineteenth-century owners notes on endleaf.
First edition. Sudho, Paracelsus pp. +(; Durling z;(6 (imperfect);
Wellcome 688.
Known as the sieur de la Rivire, Roch le Baillif was a native of Normandy. In
+;8 he published a short summary of Paracelsian medicine, Le demosterion, in
which he praised the still living Adam of Bodenstein, Gerhard Dorn, and
Pierre Hassard and listed a series of certain cures discovered by the chemists,
including leprosy, dropsy, paralysis, and gout. He was aware of his alchemical
heritage and listed famous masters of the art down through history to Jacques
Gohory.
Those who seek certainty, he said, should turn not to Galen but to Para-
celsus, because his is the true medicine and Science is the creation of God,
and is therefore certain and true. Here medicine is printed in the margin
to indicate to the reader that Science is the true medicine... Most of Le
demosterion is composed of three hundred aphorisms, which oer a short com-
pendium of Paracelsian dogma, and the remainder of the book is devoted to
tracts on chiromancy, conjuration, the baths of Brittany, and a lexicon of
Paracelsian terms. (Debus.)
Roche le Baillif, something of a charlatan who claimed a medical degree
from the University of Rennes which he did not have, has traditionally been
conated with the Sieur de la Rivire, premier mdecin of Henri IV from +(
to his death in +6o. Both were Huguenots and Paracelsians. Their separate
identities are untangled by Trevor-Roper.
Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Sieur de la Rivire, Paracelsian Physician of Henry IV,
in Alan G. Debus, ed., Science and Society in the Renaissance. Essays to Honor Walter
Pagel, (+;z) ii, zz;o; Alan G. Debus, The French Paracelsians (++) pp. 8;
Herv Baudry, Contribution ltude du paracelsisme en France au XVIe sicle (Iy6o-
Iy8o): de la naissance du mouvement aux annes de maturit: Le demosterion de Roch
Le Baillif (Iy;8) (zoo).
6t
LACINIO, Giano, ed.
Pretiosa margarita novella de thesauro, ac pretiosissimo
philosophorum lapide Artis huius divinae typus, & methodus:
collectanea ex Arnaldo, Rhaymundo, Thasi, Alberto, & Michaele
Scoto... [Colophon:] Venetiis, apud Aldi lios. M. D. XXXXVI.
Venice: heirs of Aldus Manutius, +(6.
8vo,
*
z
*
8

*
(
AzC
8
zD
+o
, z8 leaves, . [zo] zoz [+6]. Italic letter
with Roman headings, initial spaces with guide letters. Woodcut
printers device on title and verso of last leaf. zz woodcut illustrations
in prelims, one full page.
++ xmm. Titlepage dustsoiled and with a name inked out and
partially erased.
Binding: Eighteenth-century red morocco, gilt panelled sides, gilt
spine, marbled endleaves, gilt page edges. Sometime rebacked with
the original spine preserved but very cracked and worn, corners
bumped and worn.
Provenance: Early initials E. P. on endleaf.
First edition of this collection. A second edition was published at
Nuremberg in +( (see below), and this Aldine edition was re-issued
in +; by Giordano Ziletti with the rst gathering re-set; there were
also editions in +;z, +6oz and +6o8. cbi1+6 cNcc z66+; Renouard,
Alde p. + no. 6; Durling z6;; Wellcome 6o;; Duveen z;
Ferguson II, p. z.
This collection of alchemical writings includes the rst edition of the Pretiosa
margarita novella, The precious new pearl, supposed to have been written in
Istria in +o by Pietro Buono whose real identity is obscure.
John Read in his Prelude to Chemistry (+6) gives the following account of
the book and its striking woodcuts. This is one of the early printed works on
alchemy, and it was issued from the Aldine press with the sanction of Pope
Paul III and the Venetian Senate. It is now very dicult to nd a copy of this
work, partly on account of the beauty of is typography, which has attracted the
notice of connoisseurs; but, beyond this, it was greatly prized by the adepts as
a helpful compendium of alchemical knowledge. Renouard remarks that this
rare work almost always occurs in a dilapidated condition, since it was so
subject to accidents near the furnaces of the adepts, among whom it was a great
favourite....The New Pearl is a version of an introduction to alchemy written
by Petrus Bonus of Pola in +o, and edited more than two hundred years later
for the Aldine press by Janus Lacinius of Calabria. It consists mainly of
quotations from earlier works, and thus aords a valuable guide to the
inuence of the older alchemists on fourteenth-century alchemy... Altogether,
the New Pearl is a completely uncritical justication of alchemy, the arguments
for and against it, the nature of metals, the nature and operation of the
Philosophers stone, and many other alchemical ideas, as culled from the
reputed writings of Arnold of Villanova, Raymond Lully, Rhazes, Albertus
Magnus, Michael Scot, and other authors whose names do not accompany the
foregoing on the title-page....
This book contains some remarkable allegorical woodcuts. One of them
oers an emblematic illustration of the four elements of Aristotle, in which
earth, water, air and re are represented by a bear, a dragon a bird, and an
angel, respectively. Fourteen other woodcuts delineate an allegorical exposi-
tion of the various stages in the process of transmutation. A crowned king
(gold) is approached by his son (mercury) and his ve servants (silver, copper,
iron, tin and lead), who beseech him to change them into kings also. The king
maintains a diplomatic silence, whereupon he is killed by mercury. After pass-
ing through a series of remarkable vicissitudes, representing alchemical opera-
tions, the king rises from the dead and is at last able to accede to the original
petition. The nal woodcut shows a royal ush of crowned kings, from which,
however, there is an unexplained absentee possibly lead, which was always
regarded with a certain amount of suspicion in alchemical circles. (Read.)
Thorndike III, pp. +(;+6z; John Read, Prelude to chemistry (+6), pp. 8.
6z
LACINIO, Giano, ed.
Praeciosa ac nobilissima artis chymiae collectanea de
occultissimo ac praeciosissimo philosophorum lapide... nunc primum
in lucem aedita cum totius capitum indice. Norimbergae apud
Gabrielem Hayn, Joann-Petri generum. M.D.LIIII.
Nuremberg: Gabriel Hain, +(.
(to: ab
(
AzH
(
, +z leaves, . [8] +z(. Roman letter. Woodcut
printers device on title, woodcut initials, and a large woodcut on b(v
with decorative cuts above and below.
+o x +(8mm. Titlepage soiled; zo leaves, sigs HM soiled and
remargined.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco.
Provenance: Signature Geor: Eckert [?] on title and oo words of
annotation in the same hand in the margins and +; lines on the verso
of the last leaf in another hand; the marginal annotations shaved,
further annotations lost on remargined leaves.
Second edition, but very dierent from the rst edition (+(6, see above).
vb+6 L(; Wellcome 6o8; Duveen p. z.
This collection seems to dier considerably from the +(6 edition. Only the
last book can be clearly recognised, as it repeats with a few alterations . +6;
+( of the +(6 edition. (Duveen.)
6
LEONICO TOMEO, Niccol (+(6?++?)
Opuscula nuper in lucem aedita... [Colophon:] Opusculorum hoc
ex impressione repraesentavit Bernadinus Vitalis Venetus Anno
Domini. MCCCCCXXV. Die. xxiii. Februarii. Ex Venetiis.
Venice: Bernadino Vitali, +z.
(to: ab
(
c
6
dz
(
&
(
?
(
#
(
AG
(
H
6
I
(
(blank H6), +(( leaves, .
CXXXIX []. Roman and Italic letter. Title printed in red and black
within a woodcut border composed of ( blocks, several series of
decorated and historiated initials, woodcut pointing sts and stylised
foliage printed in the margins. Woodcut diagrams printed in the text.
[bound with:]
Dialogi nunc primum in lucem editi... [Colophon:] Venetiis in
aedibus Gregorii de Gregoriis. Mense septembri. M. D. XXIIII.
Venice: Gregorio de Gregori, +z(.
(to: az
(
(blank z(), z leaves, . XC [z]. Italic letter with Roman
headlines.
z+o x +(+mm. Sig. I of the rst work, an extensive errata list, evidently
printed on inferior paper and heavily browned. Fine fresh and clean
copies.
Binding: Contemporary Venetian blind stamped brown morocco,
traces of ( ties, green edges, MS lettering Mechanice \ Arist on lower
edges, later label and place and date added at foot of spine. Joints and
corners repaired.
Provenance: Contemporary signatureIo: Ant Rossenius on title; small
nineteenth-century book label of Jacobi Manzoni; bookplate of Sir
Thomas Cliord Allbutt (+86+z), physican, inventor of the
clinical thermometer and a source for the character of Lydgate in
George Eliots Middlemarch; Dawsons of Pall Mall cost code.
First editions. Reprinted in a collective volume in +o. cbi1+6 cNcc
;;( and z8(; Adams L oz and o;; Opuscula only: Durling z;(;
Wellcome ;((.
The Opuscula is a collection of commentaries on Aristotles De animalium
motu, De animalium incessu, and Mechanica (with the text), and an extract from
Proclus commentary on Platos Timaeus. The most important to an early
owner was apparently the Mechanica as this is the title used to identify the
volume lettered on the lower page edges. The Mechanica has woodcut
diagrams illustrating mechanical principles: remarkably, the lever is illustrated
by a pair of dental forceps.
The other tracts in the Opuscula are on animal motion; and the physiology
of sex, considered both physically and psychologically.
The dialogues in the second work are as follows (as listed on the verso of the
titlepage): Trophonius, sive, De divinatione; Bembus, sive, De animorum im-
mortalitate; Alverotus, sive, De tribus animorum vehiculis; Peripateticus, sive, De
nominum inventione; Sannutus, sive, De compescendo luctu; Severinus, sive, De
relativorum natura; Sadoletus, sive De precibus; Phoebus, sive, De aetatum
moribus; Bonominus, sive, De Alica; Sannutus, sive, De ludo talario.
Niccol Leonico Tomeo was born in Venice and studied in Padua. He is
credited with giving the rst formal lectures on Plato at Padua in +(;, and
from the Greek text rather than from a Latin translation.
Beautifully printed with some ne initials, these two works were evidently
bound together close to the time of printing in a typical Venetian binding of
blind-stamped morocco. The binding is well preserved with only minor
repairs and has an amusing nineteenth-century provenance having belonged
to George Eliots Dr Lydgate.
M. E. Ring, The rst picture of a dental forceps in a printed book,
Journal of the California Dental Association z (zoo(), zz;.
6q
LIBAVIUS, Andreas
D. O. M. A. Alchemia... opera e dispersis passim optimorum
autorum, veterum & recentium exemplis potissimum... in integrum
corpus reacta. Accesserunt Tractatus nonnulli physici chymici, item
methodice ab eodem autore explicatt, quorum titulos versa pagella
exhibet... Francofurti excudabat Johannes Saurius, impensis Petri
Kopi, M. D. XCVII.
[Second part:] D. O. M. A. Commentationum metallicarum libri
quatuor... M. D. XCVII.
Frankfurt: Johann Sauer for Peter Kopf, +;.
(to: two parts, am
(
(blank m(); )(
(
AC
(
, zz and zoo leaves, pp.
[zo] (z( [zz]; [8] z. Roman letter with passages in Italic. Woodcut
printers devices on title and m, woodcut head and tailpieces.
z+( x +6mm. Rust holes in part z, N and Bb aecting a few letters;
light browning; a good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin, spine decoratively
painted in red and green, MS title in top compartment, paper shelf
label pasted over lower compartment, green edges. A little rubbed.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription on title Loci Capucinarum
Monachii [Munich] ad usum pharmacopoeiae. Walter Pagels
signature dated +;.
First edition. An enlarged edition was published in +6o6. vb+6 L+(8 and
L +(+; Bird +;; Manchester p. zo; Wellcome ;;+; Partington II,
p. z(;; cf. Ferguson II, p. + (part I only in the Young Collection).
The rst systematic text book of chemistry. Libaviuss Alchemia is an excellent
practical text-book in the sense that the author shows a full mastery of his
sources and a clear, concise and sensible style, entirely dierent from the
rambling, bombastic, and obscure verbosity of Paracelsus or the alchemical
authors (Partington II, p. z).
He was among the rst to describe chemical actions in plain language, and
he has the credit ascribed to him of writing the rst real text-book. He
attempted the analysis of mineral waters, and described several substances
which he discovered. (Ferguson II, p. (.)
This is the rare rst edition of Libavius Alchemia, as issued with the
Commentationum metallicarum. The enlarged edition of +6o6 was a folio,
famous for its many illustrations, and there were several more commentaries
and supplements. The Alchymia is unusually clear and highly systematic. The
same cannot be said of the commentaries and supplements (Wlodzimierz
Hubicki, DSB 8:++).
A good and attractive copy used in the pharmacy of the Capucin monastry
at Munich, and almost free of the browning which Partington says is usual.
6
LULL, Ramn (+zc. ++6)
Arbor scie[n]tie... cuius farrago & fructus admirabilis a tergo huius
indicabitur & in cuius commendationes est hoc extemporaneu[m]
Jodoci Badii Ascensii ad pium lectorem epigra[m]ma [poem]. Venales
habentur Lugdun[i] in vico mercuriali apud cenobiu[m]:
p[re]dicatoru[m] vulgo nostro domine de confort: in domo Francisi
fradin impressoris. [Colophon:] Lugd. opera Gilberti de villiers.
Impe[n]sis [domin]o magistri Guilhelmi huyon & Consta[n]tini fradin
ibide[m] co[m]morantes. Anno salutis Millesimo quingetesimo
decimoquinto. iiii. Nonas Maii.
Lyon: Gilbert de Villiers for Gilbert Huyon and Franois Fradin, ++.
(to: az
8
AE
8
; a
6
b
(
(blank b(), . ccxxiiii; +o. Gothic letter in double
columns, woodcut initials. +8 near full-page woodcuts (including
repeats).
zoo x +mm. Title soiled and worn, corners of rst few leaves
rounded; worm tracks in the inner margins repaired with tissue,
extending to sig. m but only aecting one or two letters on a few
leaves; overall light browning; waterstains in the inner margins; still a
fairly fresh copy.
Binding: Re-sewn and re-cased in contemporary blind-stamped calf,
heavily worn with repairs to corners and joints. In a morocco backed
slip case, edges worn.
Provenance: Early inscription on title Ex libris Bibliotheca Sti. Blasii
Mons Citory[?] de Urbe P.P. Congreg
is
Somasche; another exlibris
above this partly erased; small leather bookplate Bibliothque du
Docteur Lucien-Graux. About +o words of contemporary
annotations in the text and on the woodcut on f. lxxxv. Walter Pagels
signature dated +;.
Second edition (rst Barcelona, +o). The present edition should not be
confused with the reprint made over +oo years later with the original date
on the titlepage but without Fradins imprint, printed in Roman type
and paginated [6] 68+ [+]. Rogent and Durn ; Baudrier XI, pp. +o;
8 p. +o;; Gltlingen III, Gilbert de Villiers +; Renouard, Badius
Ascensius p. ((, no. +; Wellcome 8(; Palau +(;z; Duveen p. 68.
A Catalan encyclopedist, Lull invented an art of nding truth which
inspired Leibnizs dream of a universal algebra four centuries later.... Lull
himself pioneered its application to all subjects studied in medieval
universities except music and also constructed one of the last great
medieval encyclopedias, the Arbor scientiae (+z+z6) in accordance with its
basic principles. (R. D. F. Pring-Mill, DSB 8:(;+.)
Lulls method was an extraordinary mixture of sound logic and of graphical
schemes... with arbitary conventions and a kind of Qabbalism... The worst
side of it was nonsense; the best side, a premature and crude anticipation of
what we now call mathematical logic (or algebra of logic, etc.). (Sarton, pp.
o+z).
The analysis of human knowledge in terms of the parts of a tree is illustrated
by +8 woodcuts that show Lull and a monk in conversation beneath a
pomegranate tree whose roots and branches are labelled with the names of
intellectual categories. Five dierent blocks are used with blank spaces for
lettering. This is either supplied by type let into holes cut in the blocks or the
spaces are left blank; in this copy some of these have lettering supplied in
manuscript. One block shows Christ wielding an axe about to harvest one of
the fruits.
There is a poem on the title by Badius Ascensius who later published several
editions of Lulls works.
Sarton, II, pp. oo+(, no. on p. o;; Eles Rogent and Estanislau Durn,
Bibliograa de les impressions Lullianes, (Barcelona, +z;).
66
LULL, Ramn (+zc. ++6)
De secretis naturae sive de quinta essentia libellus. [Colophon:]
Excusum August[a]e Vindelicoru[m]. Anno Sal. M.D.XVIII. Die vero
prima Julii.
Augsburg: Sigmund Grimm and Marx Wirsung, ++8.
(to: a
6
bf
(
, z6 unnumbered leaves. Roman letter. Title within a
woodcut border, ( woodcut initials.
zo x +(omm. Blank area of title damaged where an inscription has
been removed and strengthened on verso; single round wormhole in
blank upper margins. A good clean copy with a strong impression of
the title border.
Binding: Recent quarter calf.
Second or third edition (rst Venice, ++(, reprinted at Venice, ++8 and
Lyons, +; see below for the fth edition, +(+. Rogent and Durn
;+ (without having seen a copy); Pereira I.; vb+6 R +;; Wellcome
86; Mellon 8.
This is the central work of the pseudo-Lullian alchemical corpus, uniting the
alchemical practice elaborated in the earlier Testamentum with that based on
the fth essence of wine introduced by John of Rupescissa. It is important in
establishing the Lullian corpus because it presupposes the existence of a group
of alchemical works attributed to Lull, including the Testamentum and related
works. Rupescissas Liber de consideratione quintae essentiae was written in the
mid-fourteenth century, so that the Liber de secretis naturae was obviously
written well after Lulls death. In fact none of the alchemical writings
attributed to Lull can plausibly have been written by him.
The text is derived from Rupescissa, De consideratine quintae essentiae, not
published in its original form until +6+ (no. ++o below). Thorndike calls this
Lullian version A perversion of Rupescissas text, combined with bits from the
alchemical writings ascribed to Raymond Lull (III, p. , n. zz). The false
attribution of every alchemical treatise concerning the fth essence of wine and
its attribution to Raymond Lull shows how Lulls name carried more weight
than Rupescissas in the alchemical and Hermetic tradition.
Michela Pereira, The alchemical corpus attributed to Raymond Lull (+8).
6y
LULL, Ramn (+zc. ++6); ALBERTUS MAGNUS
De secretis naturae sive quinta essentia libri duo. His
accesserunt, Alberti Magni... De mineralibus & rebus metallicis libri
quinq[ue]. Quae omnia solerti cura repurgata rerum naturae studiosis
recens publicata sunt per M. Gualtherum H. Ry... Anno Domini M.
D. XLI. Mense Martio. [Colophon:] Argentorati apud Balthassarum
Beck. Anno LXI Mense Martio.
Strasbourg: Balthasar Beck, +(+.
8vo: AZ
8
a
8
(a8), ++ of +z leaves, without a8, presumably blank,
. [(] +8 [(]. Roman letter. Woodcut initials. 8 woodcuts of chemical
apparatus, one full page.
+(; x mm. Titlepage soiled and stained, damaged by removal of a
library stamp and laid down; light soiling and browning, line endings
lightly marked in pencil.
Binding: Contemporary calf with arms on upper board, heavily
restored in the nineteenth century with new spine and borders to sides
and new endleaves.
Provenance: Unidentied arms on the contemporary upper board;
inscription Alfred Scott Gatty, Rouge Dragon from G. J. L; +88z and
his bookplate FSA and York Herald.
Fifth edition of Lull, later edition of Albertus, De mineralibus. This
edition was reprinted at Venice in +(z and followed by editions
printed at Nuremberg, +(6, Basle, +6+, Colgne +6; and several
later editions. Rogent and Durn +; Peirera +.; vb+6 R+8; Duveen
p. 6; Neu z6z; Wellcome 8;.
A new edition of the central work of the pseudo-Lullian corpus, prepared by
the Strasbourg physician Walter Herman Ry (d. +(8).
68
LULL, Ramn (+zc. ++6)
Libelli aliquot Chemici: nunc primum, excepto vade mecum, in
lucem opera Doctoris Toxitae editi... Basilae. Apud Petrum Pernam.
M. D. LXXII.
Basle: Peter Perna, +;z.
8vo: ):(
8
az
8
AG
8

z
ab
8
, z6( leaves, pp. [+6] (8o [z]. Roman letter.
Woodcut tree on p. +z and a small woodcut in the text on p. zz(.
+6 x 6mm. Titlepage worn and soiled, the ink inscription has
corroded the paper leaving a hole aecting a few letters on the verso
and the inscription has been partially erased further weakening the
paper; light browning and foxing throughout.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards. A little worn, ties lacking,
endleaves replaced.
First edition of this collection. Reprinted at Basle in +6oo. Rogent and
Durn ++6; vb+6 R+o; Duveen p. ;o; Neu z6; Norman II, p. +oo.
An important edition of the pseudo-Lullian alchemical corpus containing
eight treatises, at least ve of them printed here for the rst time. The
collection was edited by Michael Schtz, known as Toxites, the Strasbourg
physician and editor or Paracelsus. It is dedicated to three men of Bunzlau,
Silesia, who had been his fellow students (Duveen).
Contents:
Testamentum novissimum (rst surviving edition, Peirera I.6z, cf. Rogent and
Durn +o;, possibly a ghost).
Elucidatio testamenti (rst edition, Peirera I.+).
Liber lucis mercuriorum (rst edition, Peirera I.(;).
Experimenta (rst edition, Peirera I.z+).
Liber artis compendiosae qui vade mecum nuncupatur (second edition, Peirera
I.o).
Compendium animae transmutationis metallorum (third edition, Peirera I.+z).
Epistola accurationis lapidis benedicti ad dom. Robertum Anglorum regem (second
edition, Peirera I.zo).
Liber medicinae magnae (rst edition, Peirera I.+;).
6
MASSA, Niccol (+(8+6)
Liber de Morbo Gallico: noviter editus: in quo omnes modi possibiles
sanandi ipsum: mira quadam & articiosa doctrina continentur: ut
studioso lectori patebit. [Colophon:] Venetiis in aedibus Francisci
Bindoni, ac Maphei Pasini summa dilige[n]tia impressus. Anno domini
millesimo quingentesimo septimo. Mensis Iulii.
Venice: Francesco Bindoni and Maeo Pasini, +z;.
(to: AL
(
, (( unnumbered leaves. Roman letter with title in gothic on
A+r. 8-line white on black initial on Az and one other small initial.
+( x +6mm. A washed copy, some light browning, a few wormholes
lled, mostly marginal but aecting a few letters.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: No early ownership marks; old underlining on f. r fv.
First edition, falsely dated +o; in the colophon; another issue with the
same false date has the imprint Parma, Francesco Ugoleto and
Antonio Viotti. The edition of +z was previously thought to be the
rst, and further editions were printed in +6, re-issued in +, and
+6 and a French translation was published in +6. cbi1+6 cNcc
6o((; Wellcome (+oz; GarrisonMorton z6.
This early work on syphilis (the fourth in GarrisonMorton, after Grnpeck,
Leoniceno and Lopez de Villalobos) includes a description of the neurological
manifestations of the disease (GarrisonMorton). It is a comprehensive
description of the symptoms and eects of syphilis. Massa believed that
although usually contracted by sexual intercourse, syphilis could also arise
spontaneously without contact. He discusses the role of diet, sleep and
exercise together, and the use of drugs, bloodletting, leeches, and guaiac in the
treatment of syphilis (Heirs of Hippocrates +, describing the +z edition).
Niccol Massa studied at Padua and was professor of anatomy at Venice.
He is known as one of the earliest anatomists (with Benedetti and Berengario),
to perform dissections, as he states in his Anatomiae liber introductorius, rst
published in +6 (see next item).
Peter Krivatsky, Nicola Massas Liber de morbo gallico Dated +o; but printed
in +z;, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Science z (+;() zo-z; D.
Casagrande, Errore o falso in piena regola? Il Liber de Morbo Gallico di Nicol
Massa, Charta, (zoo), z(z.
yo
MASSA, Niccol (+(8+6)
Anatomiae liber introductorius, in quo quamplurimae partes
actiones, atque utilitates humani corporis... Venetiis, ex ocina Stellae
Jordani Zilleti, MDLIX. [Colophon:] Venetiis: in vico Sancti Moysi,
apud signum archangeli Raphaelis, in [a]edibus Francisci Bindoni ac
Maphaei Pasini, socios, accuratissime impressum mense Nove[m]bri.
M D XXXVI.
Venice: Francesco Bindoni and Maeo Pasini, Iy6, reissued by Giordano
Ziletti, +.
(to: A
8
(+/ A+,z,6,8) BzC
(
, +o8 leaves, foliated [+z] 6 [6] ; [8]
+o8. In this copy the reset leaves, presumably printed as a single
gathering, are bound before A. Roman letter except the dedication
leaf, Az, in Italic. Woodcut printers device on title, 6-line historiated
initial on Az, ;-line white on black initial on A, initial spaces with
guide letters in the rest of the text.
oo x +(8mm. Title dustsoiled, otherwise a good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century vellum boards, green sprinkled edges.
Provenance: F. O. hand-stamped on title in large letters; John Howell
Books, San Francisco, with description (priced $(o) dated
September +;; laid in.
First edition, second issue with A+, z, 6 and 8 cancelled. The rst issue
has the title Liber introductorius anatomiae. cbi1+6 cNcc 6;o; Adams
M8o; Durling z8(; Manchester +6;; Waller 6z8; Wellcome (++o;
Garrison-Morton +6 (citing the +6 issue).
Like Berengario, Massa follows the organisation of Mondinos Anatomia in
describing the parts of the body. He hurls invective against recent writers who
have blindly followed classical sources, insisting on rst hand experience and
claiming to have performed countless dissections. In the introduction he
advises, so that you may learn everything, you should often practice
dissection, in the way I shall explain below, or in some other if you nd a better
way (Carlino p. zo+).
The title and dedication were no doubt replaced to sell unsold copies of the
original +6 issue. At the same time A6 and 8 were cancelled. It is clear from
this copy, in which the replacement leaves are bound as a single gathering
before the rest of the book, that A6 was cancelled, not A; as stated by Durling
and cbi1+6.
Andrea Carlino, Books of the Body. Anatomical Ritual and Renaissance Learning
(+), pp. z, +z and +zo+.
yt
MASSA, Niccol (+(8+6)
Liber de febre pestilentiali, ac de pestichiis, morbillis, variolis, &
apostematibus pestilentialibus... M D XL. [Colophon:] Venetiis, apud
Franciscum Bindonem, & Maphaeum Pasinum maxima diligentia
excussum. Mense Iulii. Anno a Virgineo Partu. M. D. XL.
Venice: Francesco Bindoni and Maeo Pasini, +(o.
(to: AT
(
, ;6 leaves, foliated. Roman letter.
z++ x +(mm. Waterstained, light browning, paper somewhat limp.
Binding: Recent boards, original free endleaves preserved.
Contemporary manuscript title on lower page edges.
Provenance: Early inscription Ad Baptista Zucculii usum on title and
in probably the same hand Costo [undeciphered] z. bononie +;
die z+ januarii [undeciphered] z; on free end-leaf; later signature
Genesii Soncini[?] M.D. on rear free endleaf; circular censors stamp
Prof Pietro Tonelli Censore Stati Estensi on title and a similar stamp,
name illegible, dated Regio, +8.
First edition. Another edition was printed in + (some copies dated
+6). cbi1+6 cNcc z(; Durling z88; Wellcome (+o.
This work on infectious diseases includes an early description of the typhus
epidemics that occurred in the rst half of the century. It was only in +(6 that
Fracastoro, in his De contagione, properly distinguished between plague and
typhus (Castiglione, trs Krumbhaar, History of Medicine, +(;, p. (6;).
yz
MELETIUS (8th century)
De natura structuraque hominis opus, Polemonis Atheniensis
insignis philosophi Naturae signorum interpretationis: Hippocratis De
hominis structura. Dioclis Ad Antigonum regem de tuenda valetidine
epistola. Melampi De nevis corporis tractatus. Omnia haec non prius
edita. Nicolao Petreio Corcyraeo interprete... Venetiis M D LII.
[Colophon:] Venetiis ex ocina Gryphii, sumptibus vero Francisci
Camotii & sociorum. Anno M D LII.
Venice: Giovanni Francesco Camocio and partners for Giovanni Grio,
+z.
(to:
*
(
AzA
(
ad
(
, ++6 leaves, pp. [8] ++ []. Italic letter with
Roman headings. Woodcut printers device on title and ne
historiated initials.
z++ x +mm. Title soiled and spotted; single round worm hole
through the text; a ne clean and fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, MS lettering on lower page
edges. Ties lacking, cracks across spine and vellum chipped away in
one place, some worming with loss of small areas of vellum on the
sides.
Provenance: Early inscription on title [undeciphered].
First edition. Translated by N. P. Corcyraeus; the Greek text was printed
in +86. cbi1+6 cNcc z6(8; Adams M+zz+; Durling o;; Wellcome
(++.
A treatise on the constitution of mans body, dismissed by Sarton as
theological rather than scientic. More recent commentators have however
found it worthwhile to study the text for Melitius knowledge of ophthal-
mology (Renehan; Lascaratos and M. Tsirouas) as well as his views on Gender
(Holman). The fullest account of the book is given by Renehan, who could
nd out nothing about Meletius other than what he tells us himself in this
work: he is a monk at the monastery of the Holy Trinity in Tiberiopolis; he
states explicitly that he is a doctor, and that he practices cautery and blood-
letting. He is a Byzantine, short, blue-eyed, snub-nosed, aicted with gout
and with a scar on his forehead. He claims that De natura hominis is a new type
of treatise, a concise but complete account of the nature of man and claims
somewhat naively, that his treatise is the rst synthesis to cover all aspects of
the subject (Renehan p. +).
The edition also contains several other translations of Greek medical texts
as advertised in the title. The rst of these, Natura signorum interpretatio is a
translation of the Byzantine Greek forgery of Antonius Polemos Physiognom-
ica (Durling).
Sarton I, (;; Robert Renehan, Meletius Chapter on the Eyes: An Unidentied
Source, Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 8, Symposium on Byzantine Medicine
(+8(), ++68; J. Lascaratos and M. Tsirou Ophthalmological ideas of the
Byzantine author Meletius, Documenta Ophthalmologica ;( (+o) +; Susan R.
Holman, On Phoenix and Eunuchs: Sources for Meletius the Monks Anatomy
of Gender Journal of Early Christian Studies +6 (zoo8) ;+o+.
y
MONDINO DEI LUZZI (d. +z6)
De omnibus humani corporis interioribus menbris [sic]
anathomia. [Colophon:] Impressit Argentine Martinus Flach Anno
domini. M.D.xiii.
Strasbourg: Martin Flach, ++.
(to: [A]K
(
, (o leaves unpaginated. Gothic letter, , 6 and 8-line wood-
cut initials as well as initial spaces with guide letters. Woodcut diagram
on f(v and a three-quarter-page astrological wound man on k(r.
z+ x ++mm, rubricated thoughout with initial letters and paragraph
marks. A large copy with some deckle edges showing in the lower and
outer margins; title-leaf dust-soiled and very slightly chipped in the
margins, old repair to blank lower margin of Az, some inner margins
waterstained, light spotting and paper discolouration; a good fresh copy.
Binding: Recent half morocco.
Provenance: Duplicate from the Bayerische Staats-Bibliothek with
stamps on A+r and v, Azv (with release stamp) and K(r.
First printing of Johannes Adelphus recension of Mundinus, Anatomia
(rst Pavia, +(;8); the present version was reprinted at Rostock in the
following year. vb+6 ZVzz6( and M6;o; Ritter ; Muller p. +o6,
Flach (+; Bird +68(; Durling zz; Waller 6;(8; Wellcome ((8;
Choulant-Frank p. (.
An interesting early edition of the rst book on anatomy to be written in the
middle ages, composed in ++6. Mondinos Anatomia dominated the teaching
of anatomy for over two hundred years and no real improvements were made
on it until Berengario published his famous commentary in +z+. It is not clear
if Mondino undertook dissections himself, or employed a dissector to carry out
the work under his direction. In any case from the way the book is written, it
seems that in teaching the text was intended to be read out by the professor on
a podium while a surgeon performed the dissection and pointed out the
organs. This was the procedure illustrated in Kethams Fasciolo in +(( and
in many others images, the tradition at which Vesalius iconoclastic frontis-
piece to the Fabrica in +( was aimed, when he showed himself performing
his own dissections in front of his audience.
Six incunable editions of Mondinos Anatomia were printed from +(;8 to
+(8 and one printed in Pavia in ++z before this Strasbourg edition.
Mondinos text was unillustrated, but this edition includes a small woodcut
representing the heart (unrelated to Mondinos text) and a zodiac man with
dissected thoracic and abdominal cavities. Choulant notes that this woodcut
is printed on the titlepage in some copies, on the nal leaf (as here) in others
and sometimes in both places.
The Luzzi were a prominent Florentine family, but had moved to Bologna
by the time Mondino was born. He attended the University there and gained
is MD in +oo and probably joined the faculty of the college of medicine and
philosophy shortly after his graduation and was later professor of anatomy. He
is best known for the Anatomia but also wrote at least nine consilia and a
number of commentaries on classical medical texts.
yq
NAZARI, Giovanni Battista
Della tramutatione metallica sogni tre... Nel primo de quali si
tratta della falsa tramutatione sostica: Nel secondo della utile
tramutatione detta reale usuale: Nel terzo della divina tramutatione
detta reale losoca. Aggiontovi di nuovo la Concordanze de loso, &
loro prattica... In Brescia, appresso Pietro Maria Marchetti. M. D.
XCIX. Con licenza de superiori. [Colophon:]... M. D. IC.
Brescia: Maria Marchetti, +.
(to: a
8
A
(
BP
8
, +z( leaves, pp. [+6] zz. Italic letter with Roman
headings. Aldine device on title and verso of last leaf, woodcut and
typographic head and tailpieces, woodcut initials, a woodcut
architectural frame (repeated times), ( full page grotesques, a full
and half-page set of magic symbols, and two half-page woodcut scenes
showing the author (each repeated ( times).
zoz x +(mm. Headline on p. z+ cropped, though the margins are
good; worm tracks in last two leaves touching one or two letters; a few
spots. A good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century English tree calf, marbled endleaves;
rebacked and corners repaired.
Third edition (rst edition, as Il metamorfosi metallico et humano, Brescia
+6(; second, enlarged edition, Brescia +;z). cbi1+6 cNcc (;o8z;
Adams N+oz; Ferguson II, pp. ++z; Wellcome (+;; Mellon ;
Neville II, pp. z+(6.
A treatise on transmutation and the rst bibliography of alchemy. There are
four full page illustrations which Ferguson describes as very grotesque. The
other woodcuts include one of the author conversing with Bernard of Treviso,
and one where he is sleeping and dreaming on a wooded hillside.
The rst edition contained only the rst two dreams; the third dream was
added to the second edition, of which this third edition is a close, though not
exact, reprint, with the addition of the Concordantia de loso (pp. +6z+)
printing texts usually ascribed to Arnaldus of Villanova (Ferguson).
Nothing appears to be known of Nazari beyond the fact that he belonged
to Brescia. He clearly had an extensive knowledge of alchemical literature, and
his work contains, in the text of the third dream... what is probably the earliest
bibliography of alchemy (Mellon ((, second edition, Brescia +;z). The list
of alchemists and alchemical books appeared in the rst edition but was greatly
enlarged in the second. (The list is reproduced in its entirety by Thorndike,
V, Appendix , 6;6).
Mellon states that the outer quarto gathering of the last signature (P+.8,
Pz.;) is a cancel. Beinecke Rs(.z+ is an earlier setting of the type and without
the Aldine device on P8v but there are no obvious dierences in the text.
y
NEMESIUS, Bishop of Emesa (. ab (oo)
Libri octo. I. De homine. II. De anima. III. De elementis. IIII. De
viribus animae. V. De volu[n]tario et involu[n]tario. VI. De fato. VII.
De libero arbitrio. VIII. De providentia. [Colophon:] Argentorati, ex
ocina libraria Matthiae Schurerii Selestensis, Artium Doctoris.
Mense Maio. An. M.D.XII.
Strasbourg: Matthias Schrer, ++z.
Folio: AH
6
I
(
K
6
L
8
, 66 leaves, . [6] LX. Roman letter. Title printed
in red within an elaborate woodcut border; initial spaces with guide
letters.
z6o x +88mm. Woodcut title border cropped and soiled; top portion
of F6 missing and restored with headline and rst ( lines of text in
facsimile; multiple worm holes and tracks through title woodcut and
text in rst few leaves, diminishing to a single hole which continues to
E(; a few minor tears. Some soiling in the prelims, otherwise a good
fresh copy.
Binding: Recent half vellum.
Provenance: Inscription on title, Ex libris Principiscae Piccolominiae
Bibliothecae [??]is densis Jesulanem blan[?], From the Princely
Piccolomini library..., possibly that of Prince Octavio Piccolomini, +st
Duke of Amal (++66); about +o words of contemporary
annotation (cropped) in red and black ink (in the same hand).
First edition. Republished in new translations in +8 and, with the editio
princeps of the Geek text, in +6. English translation +66. Falsely
ascribed to Saint Gregory of Nyssa (Divini Gregorii Nyssae
episcopi). vb+6 ZV;oo8; GarrisonMorton ;+; Ritter +o;; Muller
p. +8, Schrer 8z; Norman +8+.
Nemesius De natura hominis was responsible for advancing the theory,
generally accepted in the middle ages, that mental processes were localised in
the ventricles of the brain. This belief had been advanced earlier in the fourth
century by the Greek physician Posidonius, to whom Nemesius refers, but
only fragements of Posidonius work survived, so that the theory of ventricular
localisation was disseminated by Nemesius work. According to the theory, the
three ventricles were responsible for sensory perception, intellect and memory
and this proved a fruitful basis for later theories of mind. Nemesius was
convinced of the correctness of his doctrine, since injury to dierent areas of
the brain caused the loss of dierent faculties. The idea of ventricular
localisation of mental faculties was attacked by Berengario
on +z+ (see no. +( above) who grouped the three faculties
in three separate areas of the lateral ventricles. The theory
was nally demolished by Vesalius who denied any role to
the ventricles except the collection of uid and declared
that in some way the mind was in the brain at large.
Nemesius work was an interpretation of Greek
scientic knowledge of the human body from the
standpoint of Christian doctrine and contains many
passages dealing with Galenic anatomy and physiology.
His comments on the heartbeat and pulse have been
erroneously interpreted as an anticipation of Harvey.
Pagel noted that Servetus followed Nemesius theory of
localisation (Pagel p. +z).
Little is known of Nemesius career except that he was
from Syria, probably converted to Christianity about o
AD and sometime thereafter became bishop of Emessa.
He knew his Galen well and may have had some medical
training.
De natura hominis was written in Greek. It went through
a long period of neglect, but Latin translations began to
appear late in the ++th century and the work has well
known in the middle ages, although its true authorship
was still obscure. The rst translation to be printed was
this one by John Cono of Nuremberg who attributed it
to St Gregory of Nyssa and the Greek text was rst
printed by Plantin at Antwerp in +6. This edition also
includes texts by Jacobus Faber, St Gregory of Nazianze
and St Basil, translated by John Cono and Beatus
Rhenanus.
The ne title-border is by Urs Graf. It is large for the
book and is also cropped in the Norman copy.
Pagel, William Harveys Biological Ideas (+6;); Sarton +, pp.
;;(; C. D. OMalley, DSB, +o, pp. zoz+..
y6
NICHOLAS OF CUSA, Cardinal (+(o++(6()
Haec accurata recognitio trium voluminum operum.
Vaenundantur cum caeteris eius operibus in Aedibus Ascensianis.
Paris: Badius Ascensius, ++(.
parts folio: aa
6
, ee
6
, az
8
, AD
8
E
6
(blank E6); aazz
8
, &&
6
, AaNn
8
,
OoPp
6
; AA
+o
, BBGG
8
, HHII
6
KK
8
, 6+8 leaves, . [+z], CCXXI,
[+]; CLXXXVIII [i.e. +o], CXIIII, [z]; [z], LXXVI. Roman letter,
titlepage to each part with architectural border and woodcut device of
a printers shop, several sizes of cribl initials, a few woodcut diagrams
in Part +, and numerous geometrical diagrams in the margins Part z,
second series of foliation.
z;8 x zozmm. First titlepage dustsoiled; multiple worm holes
throughout text, more numerous at the beginning and end; light
waterstains on one or two leaves; inner margins of sigs n, o and leaves
p+ and pz restored; one or two geometrical diagrams in the margins
shaved. Overall a ne fresh copy.
Binding: Seventeenth-century mottled calf, red sprinkled edges;
sometime rebacked with original gilt spine compartments laid down.
Spine ends rubbed, corners worn. The second part is bound last.
Provenance: Inscription on title in a contemporary hand; inscription on
last leaf in another contemporary hand; later inscription on title Ex
libris Cartusiae Vallis Dei. I have been unable to decipher either of
the early inscriptions; there are annotations throughout the volume in
two hands which may be associated with these inscriptions. Walter
Pagels signature dated ++ on free endleaf and his pencil notes on
pastedown.
First complete edition, edited by Jacques Lefvre dEtaples, comprising
; treatises; z+ of these treatises were rst published as Opuscula
theologica et mathematica (Strasbourg, +(88), reprinted at Carpi in
+oz. Another collected edition was printed at Basle in +6. Adams
C+o and +z; Renouard, Badius Ascensius II, pp. 6;; Printing
and the Mind of Man (.
The most complete edition with +6 treatise printed here for the rst time
of the works of one of the greatest geniuses and polymaths of the fteenth
century.
Nicholas of Cusas works, whether he is writing on religion or philosophy,
are founded on mathematical procedures that were highly inuential, for
mathematics itself as well as for cosmology. His speculations about innity led
him to a concept of knowledge which is innite, so that mankind can only
approach it asymptotically, never reaching complete enlightenment. It also led
him to the concept of a uniform and innite universe in which the earth was
just another star and of relativity of motion. In pure mathematics Nicholas
concept of limits, for example the circle as a polygon with an innite number
of sides, was signicant in the development of the calculus. In more concrete
terms, his several tractates on mathematics, including in the subjects treated
the quadrature of the circle, the reform of the calendar, the improvement of
the Alfonsine Tables, the heliocentric theory of the universe (a theory which
was looked upon as a paradox rather than a scientic probability), and the
theory of numbers (Smith I, pp. z8).
His rst and most famous treatise, On Learned Ignorance (De docta
ignorantia), is a mystical discourse on the nite and the innite. In addition to
presenting his important philosophical concepts of learned ignorance and
coincidence of opposites, this seminal treatise also contains various bold
astronomical and cosmological speculations that depart entirely from
traditional doctrines. For example, long before Copernicus, he proposed that
the earth is not at the center of the cosmos, and is not at rest. He also argued
long before Kepler that the motions of the planets are not circular. These
speculations, however, were not based on empirical observations but on
metaphysical principles. (McFarlane).
De staticis experimentis, one of the Idiota dialogues, refers to Vitruvius and
has a more practical bias [than the others], and contains numerous methods
for determining physical parameters through the use of such apparatus as
scales and a water clock for example, the work tells in detail how to determine
the humidity of air by measuring the weight of wool (Hofmann +). It also
includes the famous experiment in which Nicholas, antedating Hales by zoo
years, showed that plants gained something of weight from the air (Benedict).
Born Nikolaus Krebs in the German town of Kues on the Moselle, Nicholas
studied at Heidelberg and Padua, where he took a doctorate in canon law in
+(z. In Padua he became familiar with the latest developments in mathe-
matics and astronomy. He had a successful career as a papal envoy and was
made a cardinal by Pope Nicholas V in +((8 or +((, and was named Bishop
of Brixen in +(o. He did much to strengthen the unity of the Church.
D. E. Smith, History of Mathematics (Dover edition, +8); Thomas J. McFarlane,
Nicholas of Cusa and the Innite (+, revised and edited for the web, zoo(,
http://www.integralscience.org/cusa.html); J. E. Hofmann, DSB : +z+6; R.
Benedict, The rst experiment in plant physiology, Science 8 (+) (+++z.
yy
PANTEO, Giovanni Antonio (c. +((o+(;)
Annotationes... ex trium dierum confabulationibus... De thermis
caldarianis: quae in agro sunt Veronesi.
[Venice: Bernardino Vitali, +o].
Folio: aabb
(
b
6
ce
(
f
6
gs
(
(without the blanks o( and s(), ;8 of 8o
unnumbered leaves. Roman letter with passages in Greek. 6-line and
-line woodcut initials as well as spaces for initials of the same size
with guide letters.
z( x zoomm. First leaf dustsoiled, all leaves mounted on guards,
blank corners of q+ and qz restored, tears in s+ repaired without loss.
Binding: Recent vellum.
First edition. The dedication by Alessandro Benedetti is dated Venice
+oo and the book was formerly considered an incunable. Durling and
Edit +6 follow the BM STC in ascribing printing to Bernadino Vitali
in +o. cbi1+6 cNcc ;8( and ((z (identical but with prelims
bound in a dierent order); BM STC Italian p. (88; Durling (;
Klebs ;z+.+; Go P;(.
A description of the medicinal hot baths near Verona, one of the earliest, if not
the rst work on balneology. There are notes on chemical and medical
subjects.
Panteo, a priest, was secretary to Ermolao Barbaro, bishop of Verona and
later professor of cannon law at Padova.
y8
PANTEO, Giovanni Agostino (. ++;+)
Ars transmutationis metallicae cum Leonis X Pont Max et conci
capi decemvirum Venetorum edicto. [Colophon, part I:] in aedibus
Joa[n]nis Tacuini impressor[um] accuratissimi Venetiis edita. VII. Idus
Septembris: M.D.XVIII. [Colophon, part II:]... tertio Kale[ns]
Januarii. MD. XIX.
Venice: Giovanni Tacuino, ++8+.
(to: AE
(
F
6
GI
(
, . 8. Roman letter with Roman, Greek and
Hebrew shoulder notes. Divisional title to Commentarium on G+.
Woodcut outline initials, woodcut border to dedication on A, full
page woodcut on B+v, several line diagrams and printed tables.
zoo x +omm. Woodcut border to dedication cropped at the foot;
worm tracks in a few blank margins towards the end; light paper
discolouration, very minor soiling.
Binding: Nineteenth-century vellum boards.
Provenance: Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition. Another edition, illustrated, was printed in +o. Adams
P+8(; Duveen p. ((; cbi1+6; cNcc (8(6 (part I only).
Pantheus wrote against spurious alchemy and he deals partly with the assay
of gold... and partly with the chemical preparation of various substances which
were made at Venice in his time and were used in the arts. He describes, for
example, the manufacture of white lead and of an alloy for mirrors,
which latter has escaped Beckmanns notice, though it is referred to
by Gobet. (Ferguson II, p. +66; describing the +o edition).
Unlike Ferguson, Thorndike stresses the alchemical nature of the
work. He is surprised that the Council of Ten sanctioned the work,
dedicated to Pope Leo X, in view of the prohibition of the practice
of alchemy by the Venetian government. This was probably brought
to Panteos attention after the publication of this book because in his
next work Voarchadumia contra alchimiam (+o) he professed to be
writing not on alchemy but on Voarchadumia which he represents
as the very opposite of alchemy, a sort of cabal of metals. Yet most
of the Ars transmutationes is repeated in the Voarchadumia.
(Thorndike V, pp. 8(o.)
Items ;z
PARACELSUS
Paracelsus was one of the three gures around which Pagel based
most of his research, the others being van Helmont and Harvey.
Besides his classic Paracelsus, an Introduction to Philosophical
Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance (+8, second, revised edition
+8z), Pagel wrote many other articles and books on Paracelsus, and
the article in the Dictionary of Scientic Biography, from which the
following extracts are quoted.
Paracelsus, a nickname dating from about +z may denote
surpassing Celsus; it might also represent a latinization of Hohen-
heim, or even refer to his authorship of para[doxical] works that
overturned tradition. Paracelsus was the son of William of Hohen-
heim, a member of the Bombast (Banbast) family of Swabia, who
practiced medicine from +oz to +( at Villach, in Carinthia; his
mother was a bondswoman of the Benedictine abbey at Einsiedeln.
Paracelsus received his early education particularly in mining,
mineralogy, botany, and natural philosophy from his father. He
was later taught by several bishops and apparently by Johannes Tri-
themius, abbot of Sponheim and a famous exponent of the occult,
who was also in contact with Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von
Nettesheim. Paracelsus did practical work in the Fugger mines of
Hutenberg, near Villach, and in those of Siegfried Fueger at Swaz.
In addition, Paracelsus probably studied at various Italian
universities, perhaps including that of Ferrara.
(DSB +o:o(b)
Paracelsus dicult personality may have been formed
from his resentment of his fathers illegitimate birth and of
his mothers status as a bondswoman. He was an angry man,
and his career followed a pattern of initial triumphs followed
by losing battles, in the course of which he alienated even his
best friends and patrons. His wholesale condemnation of
traditional science and medicine found parallels in his rough
behaviour and in his unwillingness to make concessions to
custom and authority. He sought to learn new cures and
remedies from the common people, and spent many hours
drinking with them in low taverns; his expertise concerning
wines and vintages is apparent in some of his medical
writings.
(DSB +o:o(b)
In his own writings Paracelsus dealt in paradoxes, inter-
larded with undisguised obscenities and endless outbursts
against traditional doctrines and their professors. His works
might have at times appeared to be the ravings of a
megalomaniac, enjoining the whole learned world to follow
him in new paths, away from the deceitfully wrong and
excrementitious humoral lore. Nonetheless, he created a
new style and a refreshing and witty language, perfectly
suited to the ideas that he wished to convey. These ideas
those of a naturalist physician, spiritualist and symbolist
thinker, and passionately religious and charitable ghter
against perceived evil are reected in the contradictory
interpretations that posterity has placed upon Paracelsus
work. He was, for example, extolled in the early years of the
nineteenth century, the era of Romanticism and Natur-
philosophie, and reviled before and after, at the beginning of
the age of scientic medicine.
(DSB +o:o(b)
y
PARACELSUS (+(+(+);
LICHTENBERGER, Johannes (+th century); GRNPECK, Joseph
(c. +(;c. +z); and CARION, Johannes (+(+; or 8)
[Composite volume of works]
t. Propheceien und Weissagungen Vergangne, Gegenwertige, und
Kntige Sachen, Geschich unnd Zufll Hoher unnd Niderer Stnde.
Den frommen zu ermanung und trost, Den bsen zum schercken und
warnung, bi zum end, verkndende. Nemlich: Doctoris Paracelsi,
Johan Liechtenbergers, M. Josephi Grnpeck, Joan. Caronis, Der
Sibylen, und anderer... [no imprint or date].
[Frankfurt: Christian Egenol the elder, +(8].
(to: AZ
(
AaEe
(
Ff
6
(blank Ff6), ++8 unnumbered leaves. Gothic
letter. Large woodcut on title, z allegorical woodcuts (c. 68 x
+oomm) in the Paracelsus text, ( woodcuts in Liechtenbuergers
(+ full page, the others three-quarter page); +z to the Sybils (c. +;o x
8mm); and one woodcut of St Bridget (+z x omm).
+8 x +(mm. Several blank corners restored; paper aw in Pz
aecting a few letters; a few of the larger woodcuts shaved in the outer
margin with loss of borders; light waterstains; titlepage soiled and
some light soiling throughout.
Binding: Bound before ( earlier works in contemporary blind stamped
calf, remains of brass clasps, lettered Propheceiung on upper board.
Worn, old repairs to joints, now starting to crack again but sound.
Provenance: Eighteenth-century signature and bookplate of Joannis
Adriani L. B. de Plencken; old stamp G. R. Hoverden Najorats Bibl
on title.
First edition of this collection. There is no place or printer, the present
attribution and dating is from vb+6: Sudho had dated this edition to
+( and placed it after the edition dated +( with +z8 leaves. This
last is also attributed to Egenol by vb+6, along with another undated
edition given a date of +o; another edition was published by
Wendelin Rihel at Strasbourg in +(. The Paracelsus text was rst
printed on its own as Prognostication au xxiiii jar, Augsburg, Heinrich
Steyner, +6; the other texts had also been previously printed.
Sudho z6; Wellcome (;.
A handsome composite volume of prophetic writings, comprising an edition
of Paracelsus, Prognostication (in an edition with other texts) bound with four
shorter works. Since these shorter works, pamphlets really, were printed ++
+8 years before the Paracelsus edition, it seems likely that the volume was put
together for sale as a bound volume by a bookseller as a way of selling slow
moving stock.
Paracelsus own text is illustrated with z emblematic half-page woodcuts,
printed from the original blocks used in Heinrich Steyners +6 Augsburg
edition and attributed to Jrg Breu the elder.
The second item in the collection, The prophecies of the Twelve Sibyls,
duplicates one of the texts reprinted in the Paracelsus edition. This earlier,
separate edition was printed by Egenol, conrming the attribution of the
printing of the Paracelsus edition which re-uses the same blocks. The
Prophecies of the Twelve Sibyls was evidently very popular with at least +z
editions published before +6oo, of which Egenols +z edition is perhaps the
rst. In reprinting it in this +(8 edition (with slightly truncated text) Egenol
used the same woodcuts, bar one, but slightly re-arranged with the Queen of
Sheba now represented by one of the sibyl cuts, and what was formerly the
Queen of Sheba now purporting to be St Bridget.
The other works in the volume are as follows:
z. Weissagungenn der zwl Sibyllen vil wunderbarer Zuknt von
anfang biss zu End der Welt besagende. Nichaula der Knigin von
Saba, knig Salomon gethane Propheceien. Merckliche kntige ding,
von S. Brigitten, Cirillo, Methodio, Joachimo, Brder Reinharten,
Joanne Liechtenberger, Brder Jacob au Hispanien, Doctor Josepho
Grnpeck, Philippo Cathaneo, und andern... beschribenn. FL.
Josephi, des Jdischen Geschichtschreibers, Ein herrlich Zeugnus von
Christo... Zu Franckfurt am Meyn. Bei Christian Egenolph [colophon
adds] im jar +;.
Frankfurt: Christian Egenol the elder, +;.
(to: AG
(
(blank G() z8 unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter. Woodcut
on title and + woodcuts of Sibyls (c. +;o x 8mm) and one of
Nichaula Knigin von Saba (+z x omm) in the text.
Fourth edition in vb+6 which describes editions in +z, +( and +
before this one, all published by Egenol, and another 8 editions up to
+6oo. vb+6 Z(.
. THEODERICUS CROATA, (. +(zo)
Ein wunderbarliche Weissagung von vergangenen gegenwertigen
und zukntigen Dingen, durch einen Parfusser Mnch Dietrich
genant, etwo Bischo zu Zug in Krocen vor hundert und sechtzehen
Jaren gemacht. +6
[Nrnberg: Hieronymus Andreae, called Formschneyder], +6
(to: A
(
, ( unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter.
The only edition in vb+6, T;;.
(. ALONSEFRESANT
Eyn Prophecey und Weyssagung von den vier erben Hertzog
Johansen von Burgundi, der von dem Trcken gefangen des jars. +
[Speyer: Anastatius Nolt, +o]
(to: A
(
, ( unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter.
One of three editions printed in +o. In this edition the third line begins
von dem Trcken gefangen, whereas in the two Nuremberg editions
(vb+6 A+ and A+) the third line begins Trcken gefange[n]
and at least one has a titlepage woodcut. vb+6 ZVz;(.
. Chronica. Darin au das krtzest werden begrien die
namhatigsten geschichte[n], so sich unter allen Kaysern, von der
gegeburt Christi bi au das Tausent Fnhundert ein und dreyssigst
Jar verlauen haben.
[Nuremberg: Jobst Gutknecht], ++
(to: AQ
(
R
z
S
(
, ;o unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter. Title within a
woodcut border made up of ( blocks. o words of contemporary
annotation on E+v.
The rst edition in vb+6; another edition with the same extent was
published by Gutknecht +z and there were Wittemberg editions in
+z and + with + and +(o leaves respectively. vb+6 Cz(8.
J. Weber-Marshall, Le prognostic de Paracelse: prophtie en : gures et textes: traduite
sur ldition originale de Iy6 prcde dune tude sur Paracelse et suivie de commentaires
(Paris, +(8).
8o
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Labyrinthus medicorum errantium... [Colophon: ] Noribergae
apud Valentinum Neuberum, impensis Bernhardis Vischer. Anno M.
D. LIII.
Nuremberg: Valentin von Neuber for Barnard Vischer, +.
(to: AL
(
, (( unnumbered leaves. Roman letter with Italic prelims.
Woodcut initials. Large woodcut portrait of the author dated +z on
title.
+;( x +8. Titlepage soiled and with a corner torn away and restored,
just aecting the woodcut portrait and with loss of + word from the
verses on the verso; worm tracks through rst leaves aecting a few
letters; marginal waterstains, extending into the text in the last +z
leaves.
Binding: Later thin boards covered in old decorated paper.
Provenance: Early interlinear annotations on ( leaves.
First edition. A second edition was printed at Hanover in +. Sudho
o; vb+6 P6z;; Wellcome (;6.
Paracelsus last medical work in which he summarized his doctrines once
more and stated his case against the academic doctors. It is the most readable
of his writings, and despite some obvious and gross errors of fact and of
method, it deserves translation (Pachter p. z8;).
This short work, together with two others, was written in +8 during
Paracelsus visit to Carinthia and dedicated to Johannes von Brant. The
dedication was accepted, but the printing though promised, not undertaken
possibly owing to ocial inertia, possibly at the behest of the Vienna faculty
(Pagel p. z8). From the early fties about twelve years after the death of
Paracelsus an ever increasing stream of Paracelsean writings came to light
foremost among them the Labyrinth of Errant Physicians (+) the tail
piece of the Carinthian Trilogy of +8 (Pagel p. +).
Walter Pagel, Paracelsus. An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the
Renaissance (znd edition, +8z); Henry Maximilian Pachter, Paracelsus; Magic into
Science (++).
PARACELSUS, Libri quinque de causis, signis & curationibus
morborum ex tartaro utilissimi (+6), bound with Paracelsus,
Libri V de vita longa (+66), no. 8 below, and another copy bound
with Arnaldus, Omnia, quae extant opera chymica (+6o), no. +( below.
8t
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Philosophiae ad Athenienses, drey Bcher. Von Ursachen und Cur
Epilepsiae... Item, vom ursprung, cur oder heilung der contracten
glidern, jetzt newlich au des Theophrasti selbst eigner Handtschrift
trewlich an tag geben. Gedruckt zu Cln Durch die Erben Arnoldi
Byrckmanni. Anno +6(.
Cologne: heirs of Arnold Birckmann the elder, +6(.
(to: AK
(
aq
(
(blank q() +o( unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter, title
printed in red and black; (-line decorated initials. Woodcut of
Paracelsus coat of arms on k(v repeated on Qv. Slip cancel on
titlepage correcting the misprint Phisophiae to Philosophiae.
+o x +8mm. Light foxing and waterstaining becoming heavier
towards the end.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco.
Provenance: About 8o words of contemporary annotation, some very
faded, in the third part; some underlining and pointing sts. Walter
Pagels signature dated +z.
First edition. Sudho 6; Ferguson z; vb+6 Pz8; Durling (6;;
Wellcome (;(.
In surveying Paracelsus ideas of Matter and the Elements we can hardly
avoid following the Three Books of Philosophy to the Athenians (Pagel pp.
8); Temkin deals with Paracelsus chapter on epilepsy in Elf Tractat (+zo);
Von den hinfallenden siechtagen (+o); and De caducis liber secundus (+o), but
not this text, but makes the point that for Paracelsus and his followers the
treatment of epilepsy was of particular importance because it was a disease
which traditional medicines had failed to cure. The ecacy of chemical
remedies for epilepsy was widely debated and the condition thus became an
important topic in the arguments about medical progress (Temkin pp. ;z).
Pagel, Paracelsus (+8z); Oswei Temkin, The Falling Sickness (znd edition, +;+).
8z
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Das Bch Paragranum... Darinn die vier Columnae, als da ist,
Philosophia, Astronomia, Alchimia, unnd Virtus, au welche
Theophrasti Medicin fundirt ist, tractirt werden. Item, Von
Aderlassens, Schrepens und Purgirens rechtem gebrauch.... Franck.
Bey Chri. Egen. Erben.+6. [Colophon:] Getruckt zu Franckfurt am
Meyn, bey Christian Egenols Erben. Anno M. D. LXV.
Frankfurt: heirs of Christian Egenol the elder, +6.
8vo: )(
8
AY
8
(blank Y8), +8( leaves, . [8] +; [+]. Gothic letter.
Title printed in red and black. Several sizes of decorated initials;
woodcut tailpieces.
++ x mm. A very good clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary wallet style vellum wrapper made from a
German printed leaf, gothic letter printed in red and black; early
manuscript label. Worn but sound.
Provenance: Underlining on z pages and the books title entered on the
endleaf in a contemporary hand but no other early marks of ownership
or use.
First edition, setting of title with Paragranum on one line; in vb+6 P+
the title is set with the word broken Paragra-| num: the wording of
the title is otherwise identical (except vnd for vnnd) and there is no
indication in the database if the rest of the book is a dierent setting or
not. Sudho 66; vb+6 P+z; Durling (68; Wellcome (;.
Paragranum, Against the Grain is Paracelsus second great work. After its
opening rant against the foolishness and ignorance of the medical profession,
it settles down to provide the rst clear systematization of Paracelsus thoery
of medicine. (Ball pp. zzz and z(z.)
It is his best-known work, for despite the usual confusion of detail the
outline is simple, the style lively, and his basic teachings are put in a nutshell.
Polemicizing against ignorance and dogmatism, Paracelsus develops the
fundamentals of the new medicine. He answers the renewed charge that he
lacks diplomas with a question: What makes a doctor? On four pillars, he
says, rests the whole art of healing:
Philosophy (roughly corresponding to what today is called natural science).
Astronomy (in contrast to astrology, this includes characterology, psycho-
somatic dynamics, and physcho-climatology, or that indeterminate universe
of knowledge which, for want of a better name, may be called anthropology,
or psychology).
Alchemy (including biochemistry and pharmacology).
Virtue (the professional skill of the doctor, his experience and psychological
ability to mobilize the patients vital forces). (Pachter p. +88.)
An attractive copy in a contemporary vellum binding made, unusually, not
from a medieval manuscript leaf but from a printed leaf. It is a legal document,
printed in red and black and with a pen-work ourish, the text headed Der
Erste Tittl with a subheading Der Acht Artickl. Das man den Richtern kain
arbait thun[?].
Philip Ball, The Devils Doctor: Paracelsus and the world of renaissance magic and
science (zoo6); Henry Maximilian Pachter, Paracelsus; Magic into Science (++).
8
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Libri V de vita longa, incognitarum rerum, & hucusque nemine
tractatarum referitissimi, una cum commendatoria Valentii de Retiis, et
Adami Bodenstein dedicatoria epistola... Basileae, Apud Petrum
Pernam.
Basle: Peter Perna, [+66].
8vo: ak
8
(k,6,; & 8, blanks), ;6 of 8o leaves, pp. [(] 8. Roman
letter. Woodcut initials.
[bound with:]
Libri quinque de causis, signis & curationibus morborum ex
tartaro utilissimi. Opera et industria nobilis viri Adami a Bodenstein in
lucem propter commune commodum micorcosmi... Basileae, Per
Petrum Pernam. +6.
Basle: Peter Perna, +6.
8vo:
*
8
av
8
(v;,8), +(z of +(( leaves, pp. [+6] z6 [] (last page
blank). Roman letter. Woodcut initials.
+ x 8. I: ( leaves, a+.8 and b.6 bcicc1ivc and restored wi1n
coNsibcanLc Loss oi 1cx1; II: light waterstains and tiny
wormholes in blank margins.
Binding: Nineteenth-century vellum boards.
Provenance: Walter Pagels signature, undated.
I: Third edition: rst as Libri quatuor de vita loga (+6o); the present is a
reprint of the second, enlarged edition (+6z) with the errata
corrected. Another edition was printed at Frankfurt in +8. Sudho
o; vb+6 ZV+z+;; Wellcome (;(+; II: First edition. Sudho (;
vb+6 P;++; Wellcome (;+.
The rst work in the volume, on health and long life, describes the preparation
of medicines, both chemical and herbal, and discusses Paracelsus treatment
of such diseases as gout, leprosy, epilepsy, cancer and syphilis. It is in the use
of chemical therapy, given internally and in moderate doses (unlike the toxic
doses of mercury then used in treating syphilis) that Paracelsus is considered
to have made the greatest advances in clinical medicine. His chief contribution
to medical theory was in demolishing the ancient theory of disease, seen as an
imbalance of the humours, and replacing it with a parasitistic or ontological
concept of disease that is essentially the modern one. (Pagel, DSB, +o:o;).
The second work concerns Paracelsus concept of tartarous diseases
caused by deposits of salts of tartar in the joints and other parts of the body,
rather than an imbalance of humours. He had rst advanced this theory in De
Morbis Tartereis (++). This was the rst suggestion of a chemical or metabolic
cause for any disease. According to Paracelsus, the cause of this build up of the
salts was the inability of certain individuals to metabolise the tartar. At the
same time there might be external factors, such as the water supply and Para-
celsus noted that in Switzerland there was no gout, no colic, no rheumatism
and no stone. It is now known that the cause of gout is the accumulation of uric
acid in the blood and the deposit of sodium biurate in the tissues: Paracelsus
suggestion of a chemical cause and of an inborn error of metabolism (in
Archibald Garrods phrase) was extraodinary and had little inuence till
much later. (Copeman pp. and z).
A note in Pagels hand laid in reads: In this volume the discovery of
sedimentation of protein by acid e.g. in urine is set out on p. z+; in the second
work on Tartarus. W.P. See my Paracelsus p. +6+.
Henry Maximilian Pachter, Paracelsus; Magic into Science (++); W. S. C. Cope-
men, A Short History of the Gout, (+6().
8q
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Philosophiae magnae... Tractatus aliquot, jetzt erst in Truck geben,
unnd hiernach verzeichnet... Getruckt zu Cln, bey Arnoldi
Byrckmans Erben Anno +6;. [Colophon:] Zu Cln truckts Gerhart
Vierdunck in verlegung Arnoldi Birckmans Erben.
Cologne: Gerhard Virendunck for the heirs of Arnold Birckman, +6;.
(to: AzI
(
, +z8 leaves, pp. [8] z(; (i.e. z(, 8o omitted) [].
Gothic letter with Roman headings. Title within a border of eurons;
decorated initials and a few woodcut initials. Full page portrait of
Paracelsus on A(v.
+8+ x +(mm. Stamp or inscription scraped from titlepage leaving
small holes aecting a few letters of the index on the verso, but
without signicant loss; Extensive waterstains and light browning.
Binding: Early nineteenth-century boards.
Provenance: About 8oo words of early annotation, underlining and
pointing sts, some bled into the paper and hard to read, and some
slightly shaved. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition of this collection. Only the tract De nymphis, sylvanis,
pygmeis, et salamandris had been previously published, in +66
(Sudho ;8). A Latin translation was published at Basle in +6.
Sudho 86; vb+6 Po; Durling (;.
A collection of tracts on natural philosophy, edited and with a foreword by
Balthasar Flter. The titles of the separate treatises are in Latin, though the
texts are in German, as follows: De vera inuentia rerum; De inventione artium;
De sensu & instrumentis; De tempore laboris & requiei; De bona & mala fortuna;
De utraque fortuna; De sanguine ultra mortem; De obsessis a malis spiritibus; De
somniis, & erynnibus in somno & annexis; De animabus hominum post mortem
apparentibus; De lunaticis; De generatione stultorum; De homunculis; De nymphis,
sylvanis, pygmeis, et salamandris; De imaginatione; De maecis & eaorum
operibus; and De animalibus ex sodomia natis.
The ne woodcut portrait is after the engraving by Austin Hisrchvogel of
+(o and shows Paracelsus aged (; holding a sword, presumably the long
sword which Oporinus says was presented to him by a hangman (Pagel p. o).
This is the second Hirschvogel portrait, the rst was done in +8 and is
reproduced by Pagel (Paracelsus, g. (, p. z8).
8
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Von der Bergsucht oder Bergkranckheiten drey Bcher, inn
dreyzehen Tractat verfast unnd beschriben worden. Darin[n]en
begryen vom ursprung und herkom[m]en derselbigen francktheiten,
sampt ihren warhatigen Preservativa unnd curren. Allen Ertz unnd
Bergleiten, Schmeltzern, Probierern, Mntzmaitern, Goldschmiden
unnd Alchimisten, auch allen dene[n] so inn Metallen und Mineralien
arbayten, hoch nutzlich trstlich unnd notturtig... Anno Domini
+6;. [Colophon] Getruckt zu Dilingen durch Sebaldum Mayer.
Dillingen: Sebald Mayer, +6;.
(to: z
(
(blank z(), AQ
(
, ;z leaves, . [8], 6z, [z] (last pre-
liminary leaf blank). Gothic letter, title printed in red and black.
+ x +omm. A good clean copy.
Binding: Re-cased in contemporary vellum boards taken from another
book (r-embotage) made from a fteenth-century vellum manuscript
leaf.
Provenance: Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition. Sudho 88; vb+6 ZV +z+6+; Durling (;6; Waller ;+z(;
Wellcome (;6z. GarrisonMorton z++8.+.
The year + found [Paracelsus] in the land of Appenzell a poor lay
preacher and healer among poor Swiss peasants. In the same year he visited
the mining districts of Hall and Schwaz. Here his work on the Miners diseases
was conceived and written the rst treatise in medical literature recognising
and systematically dealing with an occupational disease (Pagel, p. z6).
The rst section covers miners diseases, mainly pulmonary aections such
as silicosis and tuberculosis which Paracelsus was the rst to identify as
occupational hazards. The second book describes the diseases of smelters and
metallurgists, and the third diseases caused by mercury.
The treatise on miners diseases, the result of his observations in Fuggers
mines in Tyrol, containing descriptions of miners phthisis and the eects of
choke-damp, was one of the few original contributions of the time to clinical
medicine. (Garrison, History of medicine, (th ed., p. (o;.)
Although written around + the book remained unpublished until this
posthumous printing, edited by Samuel Architectus.
Manuscript leaf used for binding: Germany, fteenth century, in a formal
gothic book hand. Text: Masses for the sanctorale, including part or all of the
propers for [?], Heinrich of Bavaria (+ July), Alexis (+; July), [?], the octave
of Lawrence (+; August), the octave of the Assumption (zz August), and
Cornelius (+6 September). Many of the texts are given by cue only, with a
reference to a folio number presumably elsewhere in the volume from which
this leaf was taken. (Consuelo W. Dutschke.)
Walter Pagel, Paracelsus. An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the
Renaissance (znd edition, Basle etc, +8z), pp. z6 and +oz, n. z68; George Rosen,
The History of Miners Diseases (New York, +(), pp. 6(88.
86
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Etliche Tractaten zum ander mal in Truck aufgangen. Vom Podagra
und seinen speciebus. Vom Schlag. Von der Fallender Sucht. Von der
Daubsucht oder unsinnigkeit. Vom Kaltenwehe. Von der Colica. Von
dem Bauchreissen. Von der Wassersucht. Vom Schwinen oder
Aridura. Vom Schwinen oder Schwindtsucht, Hectica. Von
Farbsuchten. Von Wrmen. Vom Stullau. Item newlich hinzu
getruckt: Von den Podagrischen Kranckheiten, und auch was in
anhengig ein Fragmentum. Gedruckt zu Cln, durch die Erben
Arnoldi Birckmanni. Anno +6;... [Colophon:] Zu Cln truckts
Gerhart Vierenduntk, in verlegung Arnoldi Birckmans Erben.
Cologne: Gerhard Virendunck for the heirs of Arnold Birckmann, +6;.
(to: AzN
(
zO
z
, +(6 leaves, pp. [8] z;o (i.e. z8+, numerous errors in
pagination) [] last page blank. Gothic letter with Roman headings.
Full page woodcut portrait on verso of title.
[bound with:]
Astronomica et astrologia... Getruckt zu Cln, bey Arnoldi
Byrckmans Erben, Anno +6;. [Colophon:] Zu Cln truckts Gerhart
Vierendunck, in verlgung Arnoldi Birckmans Erben.
Cologne: Gerhard Virendunck for the heirs of Arnold Birckmann, +;6.
(to:
*
(
A
6
BzH
(
, +o leaves, pp. [zo] z (i.e. z6) [(] (last page blank).
Title within a border of eurons, full-page woodcut portrait on Av,
astrological diagram on p. +;, authors arms on zHv and a full-page
portrait on zH(r dated +8 (a dierent portrait from that on Av).
+; x +(zmm. I: Short tear in upper margin of title; light browning,
tear in M( repaired without loss. A very good fresh copy. II: upper
margins of rst two leaves strengthened, short tears in upper margins
of titles; moderately heavy foxing or browning. Good fresh copies.
Binding: Contemporary blindstamped calf over wooden boards,
lettered on upper board Des hochgelerten Theophrasti, brass clasps,
three raised bands on spine. Worn, headcap chipped front free endleaf
removed.
Provenance: Alchemical symbols in the margins of a pages.
Second edition of Etliche tractaten (rst +6(); rst edition of Astronomica
et astrologia. I: Sudho z; Ferguson Paracelsus ; vb+6 P((; Durling
(;8; II: Sudho 8; Ferguson, Paracelsus 6; vb+6 P(oz.
Two works by Paracelsus in a splendid, and unrestored, contemporary blind-
stamped calf binding.
Etliche tractaten. A collection of +( medical tracts, the rst and last of which
deal with gout. Paracelsus was the rst to suggest that the gout was due to a
defect in metabolism. Gout was central to discussions of the ecacy of the new
chemical remedies as it was a condition which traditional drugs were unable
to treat.
Astronomica et astrologia. A work dealing with astrology and prognostication
and including a chapter explaining solar eclipses, edited by Balthassar Flter.
Paracelsus believed that the microcosmic sate of man permitted the study of
the universe, so that science and knowledge are possible. He called the study
of nature and medicine astronomy, and urged that every physician be an
astronomer that is, that he study the astra. Paracelsus term astra deonted not
so much the stars themselves and their inuences on sublunary objects (so
important in traditional astrology) as their essential virtues and functions of
individual objects and their correspondences within all realms of nature,
including the stars. (Pagel, DSB +o:o8b.)
8y
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Ettliche Tractatus... I. Von Natrlichen dingen. II. Beschreibung
etlicher kretter. III Von Metallen. IIII. Von Mineralen. V. Von Edlen
Gesteinen... Getruckt zu Straburg am Kornmarckt, bey Christian
Mllers Erben, Anno +;o.
Strasbourg: heirs of Christian Mller the elder, +;o.
8vo:
*
8
AzK
8
zL
(
(blanks zL,(), z68 leaves, pp. [+6] z. Gothic
letter. Decorative initials.
++ x zmm. Light waterstaining and soiling from use.
Binding: Contemporary vellum. Soiled and cockled, spine concave and
page edges worn, endleaves removed.
Provenance: Heavily annotated in a contemporary hand in the margins
and inside covers. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition. Further editions appeared in +8z, +8; and +;. Sudho
+zo; Ferguson, Paracelsus +z; vb+6 P6z and P6 (apparently
identical); Ritter +;;; Muller p. (;8, Mylius (hritiers) +o; Bird +8o+;
Wellcome (;8o.
A collection of treatises on natural science, including chapters on metals
and minerals, as well as botany, pharmacy and medical subjects. Edited by
Michael Schtz, known as Toxites.
88
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Expositio vera harum imaginum olim Nurenbergae repertarum ex
fundatissimo verae magiae Vaticinio deducta... Anno M. D. LXX.
[Colophon: excusum anno post Christum natum, M.D.LXX.
Basle?: no place or printers imprint, (Beinecke suggests Basle, Peter
Perna), +;o.
8vo: AF
8
, (8 leaves, . (; [+]. Italic letter with Roman headings.
Woodcut initials and woodcut or typemetal tailpieces. o woodcut
illustrations (;o x 8mm) the last repeated on the titlepage, and a large
wooduct of a monster on the nal leaf above the colophon.
+( x 88mm. Light soiling, a few marginal wormholes.
Binding: Recent calf.
Provenance: A few words of early annotation and several of the
woodcuts heightened in pen and ink, rather faded.
First edition in Latin (rst edition, Aulegung der guren +6, reprinted
in +;z). Sudho ++; Ferguson, Paracelsus ++; vb+6 P(o.
This little book contains an amusing series of woodcuts satirizing the Papacy.
This is based on the teachings of Joachim of Flora (c, ++z+zoz), Cistercian
abbot and mystic whose followers a sect known as Joachists or
Joachimists saw in the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II the antichrist
already on earth. Paracelsus commentary is not, however, sympathetic to the
Reformation but attacks the hierarchical struggles of the various religious
factions within the Church and anticipates a regeneration of the Papacy.
8
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Astronomia magna; oder, Die gantze Philosophia sagax der grossen
und kleinen Welt... Darinn er lehrt des gantzen natrlichen Liechts
vermgen, und unvermgen, auch alle philosophische, und
astronomische Geheimnussen der grossen und kleinen Welt... M. D.
LXXI. [Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Martin
Lechler, in verlegung Hieronymi Feyerabends. Anno M. D. LXXI.
Frankfurt: Martin Lechler for Jerome Feyerabend (the woodcut device on
the title and colophon is that of Sigmund Feyerabend), +;+.
Folio: ab
6
, AQ
6
, RS
(
, TZ
6
, zAzC
6
, zD
(
, zEzF
6
, zG
(
(blanks S(
and zG
(
), +8( leaves, . [+6], , [+, blank], +oo+6, [+, colophon],
[+, blank]. Gothic letter, title printed in red and black, large woodcut
device on title and colophon leaf, several series of woodcut initials.
z8+ x +;mm. Very light browning; a ne clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, border and saltire ruled in blind
on upper cover, traces of ties. A little soiled.
Provenance: No marks of ownership; a few contemporary annotations.
First edition. vb+6 P(o+; Sudho ++; Ferguson, Paracelsus 66; Wellcome
(;8z.
The nal work, Great Astronomy or Sagacious Philosophy of the Great and Small
World, is by far his most ambitious and voluminous work... It is a compendium
of the magical beliefs and superstitions of his time; it also deals with man, the
universe, salvation, occult sciences, and related matters, explaining all a
magus might wish to know about chiromantics, pyromantics, signatures,
characters, phrenology, algorithm, meteorology, cosmography, sorcerers,
witches, ghosts, and technology.
Most disarming are its technological utopias, some of which are reminisc-
ent of Sir Francis Bacons New Atlantis, written a hundred years later. Para-
celsus provides formulas for weather forecasting, promises that magic, with
the aid of pipes and crystals, one day will carry the human voice over a dis-
tance of a hundred miles, speculates on artfully constructed mirrors that may
project pictues across the mountains or even into the future. (Pachter pp.
z;8.)
Henry Maximilian Pachter, Paracelsus; Magic into Science (++).
o
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
De spiritibus planetarum sive metallorum... libri III. Eiusdem
De tinctura physica liber I. De gradationibus liber I. De cementis liber
I. De signis zodiaci & eius mysteriis. Georg. Phedronis Rhodochaei
Pestis epidemicae curatio. Eiusdem Chirurgia minor. Basileae, M. D.
LXXI.
Basle: [Peter Perna], +;+.
(to: at
(
, ;6 unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter except main titlepage
and subsidiary titlepages in Roman and Italic. Large decorated initials.
woodcut diagrams containing magical symbols, other symbols
printed from wood or type in the text.
[bound with:]
Drehzehen Bcher... Paragraphorum, etc. Inn welchen gemelt
wirt, volkomne und warhate Cur, vieler unnd schwerer
Kranckheyten, So bi anher von andern Artzten, fr unheilsam geacht
worden. Jetzt zm ersten mal mit allem ei, in truck geben und
augehn lassen. Z Basel, bey Peter Perna. M.D.LXXI.
Basle: Peter Perna, +;+.
(to: AM
(
, (8 unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter. Woodcut scene on title.
z+o x +(omm. Titlepage of rst work slightly soiled and some light
soiling throughout, corners worn. The paper slightly limp at the
beginning but a good clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum made from a nicely rubricated
manuscript leaf. Worn, ends of spine slightly frayed.
Provenance: Benedictine monastery at Melk with inscription dated
+68 on title, library stamp on title, and bookplate on pastedown.
About zo words of early annotation in the text of the rst work and
zo words in the second and z+ lines of annotation on rear pastedown.
I: First edition in German of this collection published in Latin in +;o
(see Sudho for the complex publishing history of these tracts).
Sudho +(; vb+6 P6;; Wellcome (;8. II: a collection of previously
unpublished tracts in German and Latin. Sudho +o; vb P+(;
Wellcome (;8(. These two works may have been issued together and
the Wellcome library copies are also bound together.
The rst publication (as bound) in this ne volume contains the German texts
of several of Paracelsus most important writings on alchemy and astrology, as
well as medical tracts; the second publication is a collection of medical tracts
in German and Latin.
Manuscript leaf used on binding: Germany, late fteenth century, in a
gothic cursive book hand. Text: Masses for the dead, specically: for several
priests, for one priest, for a man, for a woman, for the brothers, neighbours and
benefactors of [our?] congregation. (Consuelo W. Dutschke.)
PARACELSUS, Libri XIIII. Paragraphorum (+;), bound with
Arnaldus, Omnia, quae extant opera chymica (+6o), no. +( below.
t
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Fasciculus Paracelsicae medicinae veteris et non novae per
osculos chimicos et medicos, tanquam in compendiosum
promptuarium collectus. In quo de vita, morte, et resuscitatione rerum,
de tuenda et conservanda sanitate... Cum elucidationibus huius,
aliorumque obscuriorum quorumcunq[ue] locorum atque dictionum
inibi passim occurrentium et indice locupletissimo. Gerardo Dorneo
interprete... Impressum Francofroti ad Meonum. Anno M. D. LXXXI.
[Colophon:] Impressum Francoorti ad meonum, per Joannem Spies,
impensis Sigismundi Feyerabendt. Anno M. D. LXXXI.
Frankfurt: Johannes Spies for Sigismund Feyerabend, +8+.
(to: (
*
)
(
AzP
(
zQ
z
, +8 leaves, . [(] +(; [;]. Roman letter with
Italic in prelims and index. Woodcut initials, woodcut tailpieces.
+8 x +(mm. Title soiled and frayed in the margins; extensive
worming in the lower margins, occasionally aecting text. Moderate to
heavy browning and some stains.
Binding: Seventeenth-century vellum made from a manuscript leaf, the
sides lined with ; or 8 sheets taken from a German manuscript on
paper dated +68;. Cover detatched from book block.
Provenance: Inscription on title, somewhat faded, Biblithecae [unde-
ciphered] ex donatione praenobilis domini d. Lotharii [uneciphered] der
feltz amptmanni in [undeciphered] Fr. placidus Cringer[?] anno +66.
First edition. Sudho +8; Ferguson, Paracelsus +.
A handbook of Paracelsian medicine, compiled by Gerard Dorn (c. +o
+8(), alchemist, physician and bibliophile. Dorn had studied with Adam von
Bodenstein and, like Bodenstein, rescued and published many of Paracelsus
manuscripts. The rst part is a series of short theoretical chapters Ex Para-
celso; this is followed by De arcanis rerum naturalium ex medicina chemica
Paracelsi, a collection of receipts headed Paracelsi praeparationes. The third
part is De morborum curis, an alphabetical listing of diseases and their
treatment. The nal section, presumably by Dorn, is Paracelsi dictionarium,
an alphabetical list of medical terms and their interpretation. There is also an
extensive index.
Manuscript leaf used for binding: Germany, fteenth century, in a formal
gothic book hand. Text: Five readings from Isaiah for the Divine Oce during
Advent; possibly from a book intended for use in a secular (rather than a
monastic) church since one of the readings bears a rubric in a later hand, [lectio
viii?] followed by another reading without legible rubric (but presumably the
th reading); the two following readings have rubrics as the rst and the second
lessons. (Consuelo W. Dutschke.)
z
PARACELSUS (+(+(+)
Works, Quarto edition, Parts t and 8to only.
Erster (Fnter; AchterZehender) Thiel Der Bcher und
Schriten... durch Johannem Huserum... Getruckt zu Basel, durch
Conrad Waldkirch. Anno M. D. LXXXIX (M. D. XCI).
Basle: Konrad Waldkirch, +8+.
8 of +o parts, (to: Part +: A
(
B
6
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(
AZ
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[zo] (z6 [z]; Part z: AaZz
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[8] (zo (i.e. (+8, ( omitted) [++o]; Part (: AaaaZzzz
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, zo leaves, pp.
oo and a folding table inserted after i+o)z not included in the
pagination.
Mostly Gothic letter with a few passages in Roman or Italic. Titles
printed in red and black within euron borders. Woodcut and
typographic initials, head and tailpieces. Woodcut portrait of
Paracelsus in the prelims of each part, repeated at the end in several,
and Paracelsus arms and printers device on nal leaves of each part
except the last. Woodcut diagrams, magical symbols, o woodcuts of
bishops etc (in the Expositio) and z emblematic woodcuts (in the
Propheceien), all in the Appendix to part +o.
zo x +6omm. Parts +: single round worm hole in margin of rst
volume (Parts + and z), touching one or two letters only; light foxing
and browning and some waterstaining, only heavy at the end of the
third volume. Parts 8+o. Folding table in Part +o torn in the fold with
loss of several lines and bound as two leaves. Prelims worn and soiled,
corners rounded; light foxing, browning and staining.
Binding: Parts + in volumes, contemporary vellum boards. Joints
torn and the rear inner hinge of the rst volume broken; parts 8+o in
a single volume, contemporary blindstamped pigskin over wooden
boards, remains of clasps. Very worn but sound.
Provenance: Parts + with inscription Monrii. S. August. Monacsii
[Munich] on titles; parts 8+o, nineteenth-century booklabel of
Friedrich Hugentobler, Altftten and some nineteenth-century notes
on endleaves.
First collected edition, second state of titlepage to Part +o dated ++ (as
Adams and Durling) rather than +o (as Sudho and Bird). A folio
reprint was published at Strasbourg in +6o and the surgical works in
+6o. Sudho z+6zzo and zzzza; Ferguson, Paracelsus ;68o and
88; Adams Pzz6z (parts , and 8+o but without the Appendix
to Part +o); Bird +;z; Durling +(.
Johannes Husers quarto edtition of Paracelsus works is still denitive
according to Pagel. No other complete edition of Paracelsus works in their
original form was attempted until Sudhos edition (+;zz+), on which
Pagel comments: it cannot be said that this edition, however valuable,
superseded Huser especially not the carefully prepared Quarto of +8 and
the surgical Folio of +6o. Even the Huser Folio of +6o, supposed to be
inferior to the Quarto, has the inestimable advantage of an index, which is still
lacking in Sudhos edition. (Pagel, Paracelsus, p. z). Although there is no
consolidated index in this quarto edition, each part has its own massive index,
the nal unpaginated sections of up to +oo pages in double columns.
Pagel notes that the Huser Quarto is now dicult to obtain, and indeed
many copies are imperfect. Pagel was evidently only able to acquire this mixed
set of the quarto (as well as the +6o and +6o folios which were sold at
Sothebys in +8(). This set of the Huser Quarto comprises parts + in
volumes in good condition in contemporary vellum boards; and vols 8+o in
a single volume, rather worn and slightly imperfect in contemporary blind
stamped pigskin over wooden boards. The set thus lacks Parts ; and 8; and
Part lacks a preliminary leaf with a portrait (of which there are a total of
other impressions in the other parts) and the folding table in Part +o is torn in
the fold and lacking several lines.

PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA, Giovanni Francesco (+(;o+)

De auro libri tres. Opus sane aureum in quo de auro tum
aestimando, tum conciendo, tum utendo ingeniose & docte dieritur.
Cum explicatione perutili et periocunda complurium, tam philosophiae
qum facultatis medicae arcanorum. Venetiis: apud Ioannem
Baptistam Somaschum, +86.
Venice: Giovanni Battista Somasco, +86.
(to:
(
AG
8
H
+o
, ;o leaves, pp. [8] ++ [+]. Italic letter with Roman
headings. Woodcut printers device on title, woodcut initials.
zoo x +(6mm. Light stain on title, light waterstains in the margins of a
few leaves. A ne fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary limp vellum, remains of ties. Minor stains on
upper cover.
Provenance: No annotations or early marks of ownership.
First edition. Reprinted at Ferrara in the following year and at Ursel in
+8. cbi1+6 cNcc z;6z; Adams P++(6; Duveen p. (;(; Wellcome
oz6.
An alchemical work attributed to Pico, but of dubious authenticity. While not
minimizing the diculties of transmutation, the work lists ve ways of making
gold by art, contends that this is easier today when metals and minerals are
mined which were unknown to antiquity, and gives some recent instances of
successful transmutation. It also tells of a consumptive who was cured by
potable gold. (Thorndike V, p. (o).
q
PIETRO DABANO (c. +zoc. ++)
Conciliator... nuper post omnes impressiones ubiq[ue] loco[rum]
excussas accuratissime recognitus... Eiusdem libellus de venenis.
Questio Cararii de venenis ad terminum. Simphoriani in ipsum
co[n]ciliatore[m] cribrationes. Cesaris optati Citrarei questio de
obothomia in pleuresi. Eisudem opusculum de febre sanguinis...
[Colophon:] Impressa omnia Venetiis accurate solitaq[ue] diligentia
Impensis nobilis viri domini Luce Antonii Iunta Florentini in eiusdem
ocina. Anno ab incarnatione verbi. Millesimo quingentesimo
vigesimonsexto pridie nonas Augusti.
Venice: Lucantionio Giunta, +z6.
Folio:
6
az
8
&
8
?
8
#
8
AD
8
EH
6
(blank H6), z;o leaves, . [6]
z6 [+]. Gothic letter in double columns. Printers device on Hv.
+(-line historiated initials and smaller decorated initials; large wood-
cut diagram on f. or, several smaller diagrams, and a woodcut on
f. z+v (+6 x ++8mm), with type let into the block, showing two male
gures.
+o x z+mm. Prelims lightly soiled; minor marginal waterstains on a
few leaves. A fresh clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, remains of ( ties. Lower spine
compartment defective, spine ends and board edges worn.
Provenance: Inscription on terminal blank recording the birth day
in August +( of Pomponio (transcribed below); Walter Pagels
signature, undated.
Later edition (rst +(;z). This edition appears to be a reprint of the
Venice, +z+ edition. There were at least 6 fteenth-century and +
sixteenth-century editions. This edition has corrections and
annotations by Symphorian Champier, introduced in the Giunta
edition of +z+. cbi1+6 cNcc zoz.
In his Conciliator, dAbano undertook a superb synthetic program: the
reconciliation of medicine with philosophy. In this he states +zo questions that
give rise to as many controversies between physicians and philosophers...
DAbano maintained more or less that the art of medicine must not consider
only things that can be seen and felt. Hence he possessed a good knowledge
of anatomy; he armed, in opposition to the authority of Aristotle (who
thought the nerves originated in the heart) that the center of all sensation and
motion resides in the brain. His notions of the central nervous system are
probably derived from direct visualization. According to dAbano, the doctor
is the symbol of the zealous servant and the collaborator of nature... [He] must
be free in his reasoning and must have no ties with scholastic authorities. Such
ideas imply a revolt against established and wearisome tradition: they prepare
for the rupture with the past and indicate a new path for scientic progress.
DAbanos voice was one of those that, at the dawn of humanism, announced
the beginning of a scientic revival. (Loris Premuda, DSB, +:().
Pietro dAbano studied at Padua; he lived for a time in Constantinople
before going to Paris around +oo where he attended the University and
perhaps taught, and composed the Conciliator. It was his most famous work,
for which he was often called Petrus Conciliator. In +o; he returned to Padua
and taught philosophy and medicine for several years.
This edition, apparently reprinted from the +z+ edition, contains also
Petrus Cararius (d. +o6), De venenis ad tempus and Symphorien Champiers
additions and corrections to dAbanos text.
The woodcut of two male gures showing the muscles is similar to an image
used by Berengario in his Commentaria (+z+) but the two are independent.
The image was not in the rst edition of +(;z but rst appeared in the Venice
+(6 edition (Sarton p. ((o).
This very good copy has no contemporary annotations in the text, but a
rather delightful inscription in the nal blank leaf recording the birth of
Pomponio, no doubt the owners son, after +z hours of labour: Pomponio
nacque alli sei dAgosto +( de giobbia alla ne de dodici hore in bona hora
et in bon ponto sia nato. (Pomponio was born on the 6th of August, +(, of
Giobbia, at the end of +z hours in a good hour and in a good point
[conjunction?] may he be born.)
Sarton III, (((6; Thorndike, II, pp. 8;(+ and +.

PORTA, Giambattista della (++6+)

Phytognomonica... octo libris contenta. In quibus nova, facillimaque
aertur methodus, qua plantarum, animalium, metalloru[m], rerum
deniq[ue] omniu[m] ex prima extimae faciei inspectione quivis abditas
vires assequatur. Accedunt ad haec conrmanda innita prope-
modu[m] selectiora secreta, summo labore, temporis dispendio, et
impensarum iactura vestigata, explorataq[ue]... Neapoli, apud
Horatium Salvianum, +88 [Imprimatur:] z(. Novembris +8;.
[Colophon:] M. D. LXXXVIII.
Naples: Orazio Salviani, +88.
Folio: AzR
(

z
AC
(
(blank
z
C(), +;z leaves, pp. zo [z(]. Roman
letter with Italic headings. Title within a woodcut border made up of (
blocks which are also used in the text as headpieces, woodcut initials.
Woodcut portrait of the author on the verso of the titlepage and z
large woodcuts (c. +(o x +6omm) in the text, including z repeats.
z; x zozmm. Title a little dustsoiled and with worm holes in two
corners aecting the woodcut in the upper-right corner, the worming
continuing only to the end of sig. A well away from the text; the (
leaves of sig. DD supplied from another copy and re-margined at the
foot, light browning to a few leaves of the index. A ne fresh and clean
copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century English sprinkled calf, marbled endleaves.
Rebacked and corners repaired.
First edition, with the index (sigs AC) which is often lacking. Some
copies are dated +8. Reprinted at Frankfurt in ++ with copies of
the woodcuts. cbi1+6 cNcc +6(; Adams P+8; Durling ;( (+8
state of title); Hunt +8; Mortimer, Italian ; Wellcome zo.
One of the most attractively illustrated herbals of the sixteenth-century. It is
sometimes held that della Porta was the real originator of the botanical
Doctrine of Signatures in any approximation to a scientic form. The theory
was that Divine Providence had formed plants in such a way as to indicate the
ailments they would cure (e.g. a walnut looked like the human brain, so would
cure head ailments). Protagonists of this theory quarrelled violently with those
who believed in astrological medicine. (Hunt.)
The superbly designed and cut illustrations combine plants and animals
with human body parts in various relationships. Some show the part the plant
resembles, which is therefore a suitable medicine, for example eye-bright for
the eye; or they show the cause of the insult, such as the scorpion, together with
the plants which resemble it and are therefore antidotes. The four part title
border incorporates plants and animals in the side panels; Portas device of a
lynx with his motto Aspicit et inspicit in the top panel (re-used at the start of
the text); and the gure of Pomona in the bottom panel.
The extensive index, zz pages in double columns, was probably issued later
as it is present, as in this copy, in only about o% of copies. Adams records that
it is present in z of copies in Cambridge and Mortimer records that it is
present in of Harvard copies but in neither of the z British Library copies.
It is present in the National Library of Medicine copy which has a variant state
of the titlepage dated +8.
Agnes Arber, Herbals (+8), various references but especialy p. z+.
6
PORTA, Giambattista della (++6+)
De refractione optices parte. Libri novem. + De refractione, & eius
accidentibus. z De pilae crystallinae refractione. De oculorum
partium anatome, & earum muniis. ( De visione. De visionis
accidentibus. 6 Cur binis oculis rem unam cernamus. ; De his, quae
intra oculum unt, & foris existimantur. 8 De specillis. De coloribus
ex refractione, s. de iride, lacteo circulo, &c. Ex ocina Horatii
Salviani. Napoli, apud Io. Iacobum Carlinum, & Antonium Pacem,
+.
Naples: Orazio Salviani for Giovanni Giacomo Carlino and Antonio
Pace, +.
(to: AzF
(

z
(z blank), +;z leaves, pp. zo [z(]. Roman and Italic
letter. Woodcut device on title, woodcut headpieces and initials and
about +o woodcut diagrams. The dedication to Pisani on + is on
heavier paper and is sometimes inserted in the prelims.
+8 x +8mm. Clean tears in X( and zA+zB+, the rst apparently an
original paper aw; diagram on p. zo (which extends across the
margin) shaved; light waterstains in lower margins, some very light
foxing and soiling. A very good clean copy.
Binding: Seventeenth-century vellum boards, green sprinkled edges,
MS title, small green label v. Z at foot of spine.
Provenance: +. Extensive annotations in an early hand in the margins
and z pages of the rear endleaves. z. Samuel Karl Kechel
Hollenstein (b. +6++) with inscription on title Sum Samuelis Caroli
Kechelii a Hallenstein and annotations in his hand. . Franz Xaver
von Zach (+;(+8z) with his stamp on title and label on spine, and
annotations probably in his hand.
First edition, with the inserted dedication to Ottavio Pisani, not found in
all copies (designated as issue B in cbi1+6). cbi1+6 cNcc +6(o;
Adams P+z; Wellcome zo6; Riccardi +.z, o. Osler ;zo.
The major work on optics, vision and perception, by the father of modern
optics (Osler). It is a more thorough treatment of the subjects introduced in
the +8 edition of Portas Magiae naturalis.
Portas contribution to the theory and practice of Renaissance optics is
found in book XVII of the Magiae of +8 and in the De refractione of +. He
did not invent the camera obscura, but he is the rst to report adding a concave
lens to the aperture. He also juxtaposed concave and convex lenses and reports
various experiments with them.... His comparison of the lens in the camera
obscura to the pupil in the human eye did provide an easily understandable
demonstration that the source of visual images lay outside the eye as well as
outside the darkened room. He thus ended on a popular level an age-old
controversy. Portas work lies conceptually and chronologically between
Risners Opticae thesaurus of +;z and Keplers Ad vitellionem paralipomena of
+6o(. He was thoroughly familiar with the former and did not attain the
geometrical certainty of the latter. (M. Howard Rienstra, DSB +z:;b.)
This is an excellent copy with an interesting provenance and several layers
of annotation. The earliest annotations are probably contemporary. These
have been added to by the rst recorded owner, Samuel Karl Kechel. This
Bohemian astronomer lived at Leiden from +6z and made many observations
and corresponded with Boulliau, Huygens, Hevelius and van Schooten. Later
the book was owned by the astronomer von Zach. A note on the pastedown
stating that the book was overlooked by Riccioli and Lalande; and that in the
preface Porta mentions the telescope, is probably by von Zach.
The information on Kechel is from Wilbur Applebaum and Robert A. Hatch,
Boulliau, Mercator, and Horrockss Venus in Sole visa: three unpublished
letters, Journal of the History of Astronomy +( (+8) n. o, p. +;; Lalande indexes
a work by Kechel mentioned by Pingr.
y
PORTALEONE, Abraham ben David (+(z+6+z)
De auro dialogi tres. In quibus non solm de auri in re medica
facultate, verum etiam de specica eius, & caeterarum rerum forma, ac
duplici potestate, qua mixtis in omnibus illa operatur, copios
disputatur...Venetiis, Apud Jo. Baptistam Porta, +8(.
Venice: Giovanni Battista Porta, +8(.
(to: AzB
(
zC
6
zD
z
(blanks zC6, zDz), +o8 leaves, pp. [8] +;8 [o].
Errata on A(r and zD+r. Italic letter with Roman headings and
prelims. Woodcut printers device on title, woodcut initials and
headpieces. Large engraved device on Czv (oval, ++ x ++mm).
zoo x +mm. Title dustsoiled and chipped, soiling and browning,
mostly quite light.
Binding: Recent half calf.
Provenance: Early signature Augustini Blyij Med on title, repeated on
p. + and p. +;; early oval stamp on title (unidentied).
First edition. cbi1+6 cNcc ;; Adams Az; Durling ;6; Duveen p.
z; Neu ; Wellcome .
Portaleones rst work, a Latin dialogue on the medicinal properties of gold.
After experiment and discussion the Jewish doctor concludes that gold has no
medicinal properties.
The work is worth studying in the context of the history of science, as the
author presents his own scientic ideas and compares them to those of
traditional authorities as well as modern authors. Here we should be aware of
two aspects. The rst is a mistrust of alchemy as a doctrine of occult essences
and universal sympathies, close to some aspects of the Cabala. Portaleone...
is here suspicious of this kind of mysticism.
On the other hand, he is quite close to the alchemists in their role of
experimenters. He creates the character of Dynachrisus, who can be taken as
representing himself, and shows him dressed as an alchemist and defying the
ironic questions put to him. This form of dress, he explains, is in no way magic,
it is merely functional, making it easier to carry out certain chemical experi-
ments. For only on experimentation can truth be founded. (Guetta p. ().
Portaleon was descended from the most eminent of the Italian Jewish
medical dynasties of the Renaissance. He studied at Bologna, Mantua and
Pavia, where he took his MD in +6. He was appointed physician to the Dukes
of Mantua, the Gonzaga family, and wrote Consilia medica, on general medical
practice, and the present work, dedicated to his patron.
The ne engraved device on Czv faces the authors address to the reader,
Lectori amico, Abraham Porta Leonis Mantuanus Medicus Hebraeus. S.
D. and shows a lion ghting a cock under the motto Adiutor non timebo.
cbi1+6 notes a variant B, Aggiunto in ne il fasc. zD6. However only one
pagination is given so it is unclear what, if anything is added. The nal
gathering here, and according to Adams, is zD
z
, of which zD+, recto and
verso, contain errata and zDz is a blank.
Thorndike V, pp. 6(6(;; Cecil Roth, The Jews in the Renaissance (+) pp. zzo
zzz, +; Alessandro Gueta, Avraham Portaleone: from Science to Mysticism in
Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (+) I, pp. (o(;.
8
PORZIO, Simone (+(6+()
Five works bound together.
+. De humana mente disputatio, ++.
(to: AL
(
M
6
(blank M6), o leaves, pp. 8 [z].
z. De Dolore, ++.
(to: ag
(
h
6
(blank h6), ( leaves, pp. 66 [z].
. De coloribus oculorum, +o.
(to: ag
(
h
z
(hz, blank), z of o leaves, pp. ; [+].
(. An homo bonus vel malus volens at, ++.
(to: af
(
g
6
, o leaves, ( leaves, pp. 6; [+].
. De puella germanica, quae fere biennium vixerat sine cibo,
potuque, ++.
(to AB
(
, 8 leaves, pp. +6.
[All with imprint:] Florentiae Apud Laurentium Torrentinum [except
(, which has no publishers name].
Florence: Lorenzo Torrentino, +o++.
(to: collations as above. All in Roman letter with Italic headings and
preliminaries. Woodcut initials.
z+( x +8mm. Washed, some residual light staining and foxing, good
large copies.
Binding: Nineteenth-century quarter morocco.
First editions. cbi1+6 cNcc (88, (8;, (;;, (8 and (8; Adams
P+6z, +6+, +, +; and cf. P+6, another edition, [+(?]. Bird
+8 (no. ) and +o (no. ); Durling ;(, ;((, ;(z, ;(+ and ;(6;
Wellcome, zz+ (no. z), and z+8 (no. ) and zzz (no. ).
A good collection of Porzios works, probably bound together since publi-
cation. Little has been written on Porzio and in the literature on the history of
medicine only his opthalmological works are given any attention. These are De
coloribus... commentariis illustratus which Torrentini published in +(8 and the
De coloribus oculorum in the present collection, described as One of the earliest
monographs on ophthalmology in which the author attempts to explain the
cause of the varieties of colors of eyes (Albert, Norton and Huertes +88).
There is an article on Porzio in the Encyclopaedia Britannica (++th edition,
+++, zz, p. +6) which I quote in full:
SIMONE PORZIO (+(;+(), Italian philosopher, was born and died
at Naples. Like his greater contemporary, Pomponazzi, he was a lecturer on
medicine at Pisa (+(6+z), and in later life gave up purely scientic study
for speculation on the nature of man. His philosophic theory was identical with
that of Pomponazzi, whose De immortalitate animi he defended and amplied
in a treatise De mente humana. There is told of him a story which illustrates the
temper of the early humanistic revival in Italy. When he was beginning his rst
lecture at Pisa he opened the meteorological treatises of Aristotle. The
audience, composed of students and townspeople, interrupted him with the
cry Quid de anima? (We would hear about the soul), and Porzio was
constrained to change the subject of his lecture. He professed the most open
materialism, denied immortality in all forms and taught that the soul of man
is homogeneous with the soul of animals and plants, material in origin and
incapable of separate existence.

PORZIO, Simone (+(6+()

De rerum naturalium principiis... Neapoli excudebat Matthias
Cancer. [Colophon:] per Matthiam Cancer sumptibus marci Antonii
Fendrii bibliopolae M. D. LIII. Mense novem.
Naples: Marcantonio Fenario for Mattia Cancer, +.
(to: AV
(
, 8o leaves unpaginated. Italic letter with Roman headings.
Woodcut initials.
zo x +mm. Title dustsoiled, a heavily pressed copy.
Binding: Nineteenth-century quarter vellum.
Provenance: Contemporary inscription [undeciphered] S. Rogne on
title and annotations in the same hand on about ( pages; signature of
William Godolphin FRS (+6(+66) on title.
First edition. Reprinted in +6+, +;8 and +8. Adams P+6(; cbi1+6
cNcc z68+.
One of several works of the Renaissance claiming to account for universal
principles of everything within nature, maintaining that such principles are
causal to their properties. This work was a pre-cursor of Telesios anti-
Aristotelian De rerum natura iuxta propria principia, the rst parts of which were
published in +6 (see no. ++8 below). Porzio was a follower of Pietro
Pomponazzi whose De naturalium eectuum causis sive de incantationibus was
written in +zo but not published until +6;. Blum points out that the title of
Pererius, De communibus omnium rerum naturalium principiis et aectionibus
(+;6) echoes the titles of these works by Pomponazzi, Porzio and Telesio.
It would be interesting to know when William Godolphin acquired this copy
as his engagement with science seems to have been negligible after his election
to the Royal Society in +66(. Shortly after this he became a member of
parliament and spent the rest of his life as a diplomat, becoming ambassador
to Spain in +6;+.
Richard Blum, Benedictus Pererius: Renaissance Culture at the Origins of Jesuit
Science, Science and Education, + (zoo6) z;o(.
too
POSTEL, Guillaume (++o+8+)
Quatuor librorum de orbis terrae concordia primus... Excudebat
ipsi authori Petrus Gromorsus sub Phoenicis signo, iuxta scholas
Remenses. Non sine privilegio. [No date].
Paris: Pierre Gromors, [+(?].
(to: at
8
, +z leaves, . [8] +( [+]. Italic letter with Roman headings,
words quoted in Hebrew. Title within a woodcut border made up of
blocks, woodcut initials.
+; x +omm. Title dustsoiled and some light soiling in the text;
waterstains extending into the text to half way through the book and in
the margins thereafter. Still a fairly fresh copy, and with good margins.
Binding: Nineteenth-century quarter morocco. Rubbed.
First edition. Adams Pzo+; Bouwsma 6; Quaritch ;.
This is the privately printed rst part of what Postel himself considered to be
his most important work, De orbis terrae Concordia.
His general purpose [in De orbis terrae Concordia] was to provide a rational
justication of Christian doctrine, to refute the teachings of Islam, Judaism,
and paganism, and to suggest certain methods of conversion. The whole was
intended as a basic manual for missionaries. In the development of Postels
thought the work is above all important as marking the emergence in his mind
of the view that the fundamental method for the communication of religious
truth must be rational demonstration. It was the literary instrument for the
conversion of the world to the Catholic faith. (Bouwsma pp. , +o).
De orbis terrae Concordia was written shortly after Postels dismissal as
professor of Arabic at Paris in +(z. He submitted the work to the Sorbonne
for approval and while waiting for an answer he had the rst book privately
printed for his friends. But his manuscript was returned by the Sorbonne
marked ad facultatem non pertinens, and Postel sent it to Oporinus in Basle
who published the complete work in +((.
Postel was born in Barenton in Normandy and educated at the Collge de
Sainte-Barbe in Paris. He learned many languages and gained a reputation as
a mathematician and a philosopher. He accompanied Jean de la Forest as
ocial interpreter on his embassy to Istambul and there learned Arabic from
Turkish Christians. He also collected Eastern manuscripts for the French
Royal Library. After his return to France, Postel was made a professor at the
new Collge Royal and inaugurated Arabic studies in Europe. He was in Rome
in +(( and was briey a member of the Society of Jesus but was expelled for
maintaining that the French King should nominate a French Pope. From
Rome Postel moved to Venice to continue his research on the Cabbala. After
further travels he returned to France but was back in Italy in + to defend
his works which had been put on the Venetian Index by the Inquisition. He was
arrested, escaped and returned to France via Basel. Besides promoting the
study of Arabic scientic texts, Postel was one of the scholars behind the great
Antwerp polyglot bible (+6 and +;z).
Detlev Auvermann, with an introduction by Alastair Hamilton, Guillaume Postel
(IyIoIy8I). Bernard Quaritch Catalogue I (zoo6); William J. Bouwsma, Con-
cordia mundi: the career and thought of Guillaume Postel (IyIoIy8I) (Cambridge,
MA, +;); Claude Postel, Les crits de Guillaume Postel publis en France, et leurs
diteurs, Iy8Iy; (Geneva, +z).
tot
POSTEL, Guillaume (++o+8+)
De Etruriae regionis, quae prima in orbe Europaeo habitata est,
originibus, institutis, religione & moribus, & imprimis de aurei saeculi
doctrina et vita praestantissima quae in divinationis sacrae usu posita
est, Guilielmi Postelli commentatio. Florentiae MDLI.
Florence: [Lorenzo Torrentino], ++.
(to: az
(
AH
(
I
6
, +o leaves, pp. z+ []. Roman letter with Italic
headings and prelims. Title within a woodcut border incorporating a
view of Florence. Woodcut initials.
z+6 x +(mm. Light waterstain in upper corner extending into the text
in a few gatherings. A good fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century vellum boards.
Provenance: Etched bookplate of Frederick North, th Earl of Guilford
(+;66+8z;) with Greek inscription O arkhon tes Ionis Akademias
Komes Guilphord.
First edition. cbi1+6 cNcc ((; Adams Pzo+z; Bouwsma ; Quaritch +(.
Postel presents Etruria, or Tuscany, as the cradle of civilisation. This is an
important work in the debates centred on the Accademia Fiorentina over the
antiquity and superiority of the Tuscan language which was traced back to
the sacred language of Noah. It also had a political purpose, aimed at
strengthening the alliance between the French monarchy and the Medicis of
Florence. Catherine de Medici was the queen of France and the book is
dedicated to Cosimo I de Medici.
This copy belonged to a campaigner for another ancient language and
civilisation, Frederick North who established the Ionian Academy on Corfu
in +8z(, the rst Greek university of modern times.
toz
POSTEL, Guillaume (++o+8+)
Abrahami patriarchae liber Jezirah, sive formationis mundi...
Vertebat ex Hebraeis, & commentariis illustrabat ++. ad Babylonis
ruinam & corrupti mundi nem, Guilielmus Postellus, restitutus.
Parisiis, vaeneunt ipsi authori, sive interpreti, G. Postello. In scholis
Italorum.
Paris: for the author, +z.
+6mo: AG
8
H
(
, 6o unnumbered leaves. Roman and Italic letter with
quotations in Greek and Hebrew and a page of Hebrew on E+r.
++6 x 8omm. Light waterstains in upper margins; wormholes in lower
outer corners, well away from the text. A good copy.
Binding: Contemporary or early calf, blind panelled sides with gilt
centre and corner ornaments, nineteenth-century reback. Spine and
corners worn.
Provenance: Early underlining and marginal marks; inscription on paste-
down Nutt (from Franchi) +88z: +o/6. Walter Pagels signature,
undated.
First edition. Wellcome zz;; BM STC, p. +.
Postels Latin translations of the Zohar, the Sefer Yetzirah, and the Sefer ha-
Bahir, the fundamental works of Jewish Cabbala. The rst Hebrew printing of
these works did not appear for another ten years.
Based on his study of the Cabbala and its use of gender symbolism, Postel
believed that a female messiah had arrived on earth who would usher in a new
age of political and religious harmony (Petry).
Yvonne Petry, Gender, Kabbalah, and the Reformation: The Mystical Theology of
Guillaume Postel (Leiden, zoo().
to
RECHTER GEBRAUCH
Rechter Gebrauch der Alchimei, Mitt vil biher verborgenen,
nutzbaren vnnd lustigen Knsten, Nit allein den frwitzigen
Alchimismisten, sonder allen kunstbaren Weckleutten, in und
ausserhalb feurs. Auch sunst aller menglichen inn vil wege
zugebrauchen. Die Character, Figrliche bedeuttungen, und namen
der Metall, Corpus und Spiritus. Der Alchimistischen verlateineten
wrter aulegung.
[Frankfurt: Christian Egenol the elder] (no imprint, text dated at the
end), ++.
(to: AG
(
(blank G(), z8 leaves, . XXVII [+ blank]. Gothic letter,
woodcut on titlepage.
+z x +(z. Marginal worming in last few leaves, well away from the
text. A good clean copy.
Binding: Recent quarter morocco over marbled boards.
Provenance: One word annotation on f. IIII in an early hand.
First edition. In this copy there are three asterisks below the woodcut on
the title where ocLc: (+(6( (Yale, National Gallery of Art, Hagley)
describes a monogram, VF. An enlarged edition was published as
Knsbchlin (Augsburg, +; and again in +8) and there were many
later edtions and adaptations (see the article by Ferguson cited below).
Authorship has been attributed to Georg Agricola, but Ferguson
found no evidence to support this. vb+6 R (z; Ferguson II, p. z(6.
The contents are purely practical and consist of chemical receipts for everyday
wants and have nothing to do with alchemy strictly so called. In fact the title
aords an early use of the word alchemical in the later wider sense of chemical.
The substances employed are common and the operations are such as would
be familiar to various classes of artists and workmen. (Ferguson, Bibliotheca
Chemica, II, p. z(6).
The title woodcut shows a jeweller in his shop.
John Ferguson, Some Early Treatises on Technological Chemistry, Proceedings of
the [Royal] Philosophical Society of Glasgow, + (+888) +z6; Supplement, Ibid. z
(+8() zz(.
toq
REUCHLIN, Johann (+(+zz)
De arte cabbalistica libri tres [Colophon: Hagenau apud Thomam
Anshelmum Mense Martio. M.D.XVII.
Hagenau: Thomas Anshelm, ++;.
Folio: A
(
BN
6
O
8
, 8( leaves, . [(] LXXIX [+]. Roman letter with
quotations in Greek and Hebrew, including long passages. Large
woodcut printers device (+(( x ++mm) on title.
z x z+zmm. Title soiled; worm holes and short tracks, conned to
the margins for most of the book but a few small holes through the
text in the last two gatherings; marginal waterstains, quite heavy in
places; a few gatherings lightly browned; a good large and fresh copy.
Binding: Recent sheep.
First edition. Another edition was published at Hagenau, by Johann
Setzer, in +o. vb+6 R +z; Adams R8+; Benzing .
Reuchlins second book on the Cabbala, following De verbo mirico (+((). By
now Reuchlin had a much fuller knowledge of the subject and De arte cab-
balistica is much more objective and sympathetic. It was to become the bible
of Christian Cabbalism (Secret p. ;). Reuchlin had met Pico della Mirandola,
the rst to introduce the Cabbala into Christian culture, in +(o and had been
inspired by him to study the Cabbala. Reuchlin began to study Hebrew with
Jakob ben Jehiel Loans, physician to the emperor Frederick at Linz, in +(z,
and later studied with Obadja Sforno of Cesena in Rome in +(8.
For many years Reuchlin had been increasingly absorbed in Hebrew
studies, which had for him more than a mere philological interest. Though he
was always a good Catholic, and even took the habit of an Augustinian monk
when he felt that his death was near, he was too thorough a humanist to be a
blind follower of the church... his Greek studies had interested him in those
fantastical and mystical systems of later times with which the Cabbala has no
small anity. Following Pico, he seemed to nd in the Cabbala a profound
theosophy which might be of the greatest service for the defence of Christianity
and the reconciliation of science with the mysteries of faith an unhappy
delusion indeed, but one not surprising in that strange time of ferment.
Reuchlins mystico-cabbalistic ideas and objects were expounded in the De
Verbo Mirico, and nally in the De Arte Cabbalistica (++;). (Encyclopedia
Britannica ++th edition, +++, xxiii, pp. zo(zo6.)
Reuchlin, German humanist and Hebrew scholar, was born at Pforzheim
in the Black Forest. He studied at Freiburg, Paris and Basle. After serving the
Duke of Wrttemberg as companion, judge, and ambassador (+(8+6) he
became judge at Tbingen. From ++ to +z+ he was professor of Greek and
Hebrew at the University at Ingolstadt; and from +z+ till his death at the
University of Tbingen. One of the leaders of German Humanism, Reuchlin
introduced the study of Greek and especially of Hebrew into western Europe
and was with Luther, Melanchthon, Erasmus and Hutten among the
promoters of the Reformation.
Josef Benzing Bibliographie der Schriften Johannes Reuchlins im Iy. und I6.
Jahrhundert (+); Franois Secret, Les Kabbalistes Chrtiennes de la Renaissance
(+6(, pp. ((;z).
to
REUSNER, Hieronymus (b. +8)
Pandora, Das ist, Die Edleste Gab Gottes, oder Der werde unnd
heilsamme Stein der Weysen, mit welchem die alten Philosophi, auch
Theophrastus Paracelsus, die unvolkom[m]ene Metallen, durch gewalt
des Fewrs verbessert: sampt allerlen schdliche und unheilsame
Kranckheiten, innerlich und eusserlich haben vertrieben. Ein Guldener
Schatz, welcher durch einen Liebhaber diser Kunst, von seinem
Untergang errettet ist worden, unnd zu nutz allen Menschen,
srnem[m]lich den Liebhabern der Paracelsischen Artzney, erst jetz in
Truck verfertiget. Getruckt zu Basel. Anno M. D. LXXXII.
[Colophon:] Getruckt z Basel, bey Samuel Apiario.
Basle: Samuel Apiarius, +8z.
8vo: (:)
8
AT
8
V
z
, +6z leaves, pp. [+6] o (i.e. o;) [+] (last page
blank). Gothic letter. Woodcut illustrations including +; full page.
+o x mm. Headlines cropped, leaves with full page illustrations
+o(mm wide and folded in to preserve images; margins of several
leaves at the beginning and end restored; some isolated browning and
staining but on the whole a good copy.
Binding: Nineteenth-century quarter morocco
Provenance: Fourteen word annotation on p. z8; nineteenth-century
bookplate with initials D. P.; Walter Pagels signature, undated.
First edition. Reprinted in +88 and +8. Duveen mentions a +
edition, reissued in +6o and +;o6 with the woodcuts replaced with
engravings, but I cannot now trace any copies of these editions; there
was also an edition printed at Hamburg +;z;. Duveen p. o(; vb+6
R+6z; Sudho, Paracelsus, pp. (.
Duveen calls this one of the rarest and most interesting alchemical books. It
is celebrated for the extraordinary symbolical illustrations.
[The illustrations] originated in a work which has apparently never been
printed, The Book of the Holy Trinity. Four fteenth-century manuscripts of
this work exist (or rather existed) in Germany... [It] contains the earliest
known representation of a Hermaphrodite and makes a very large use of
Christian symbolism by comparing chemical operations with the Passion of
Christ. This is highly reminsicent of the tract De secreto naturae, usually
ascribed to Arnaldus de Villanova. We nd the fall of mankind symbolizing the
destruction of the impure metals: this is also frequently found in the English
alchemist George Ripleys works. Sublimation is symbolized by the Ascension
and the idea that the Philosophers Stone is composed of body, soul, and Sprit
leads to a comparison with the Holy Trinity and gives the work its name. These
last ideas frequently meet in later alchemists, e.g. Petrus Bonus. (Duveen,
+(6, p. 8.)
In his Bibliotheca Alchemica et Chemica (+(, p. o() Duveen calls Pandora
An extremely rare book and of very great interest for the symbolical pictures
it contains and draws attention to the long list of alchemical terms explained
in German printed at the end.
Denis Duveen, Notes on Some Alchemical Books (Reusner, Khunrath, Kertzen-
macher), The Library, th Series, I (+(;) 66+.
RHAZES, Liber nonus ad Almansorem (+(;), bound with Ibn
But
.
lan, Tacuini sanitatis (++), no. 6 above.
to6
RHAZES AL-RA

ZI

, Abu Bakr Muh

.
ammad ibn Zakar ya (86?
z?); VESALIUS, Andreas (++(+6()
Summi medici opera exquistiora, quibus nihil utilius ad actus
practicos extat, omnia enim penitus quae habet aut Hippocrates
obscuriora, aut Galenus fusiora, delisime doctissimeq[ue] exponit, &
in lucem profert. Per Gerardum Toletanum... Andream Vesalium...
Albanum Torinum... Basileae in Ocina Henrichi Petri.
[Colophon:]... mense Martio, anno M.D.XLIIII.
Basle: Heinrich Petri, +((.
Folio: ad
6
AZz
6
AA
6
BBCC
(
DD
6
, zo leaves, pp. [(8] o [z].
Roman letter with Italic headings. Woodcut printers device on verso
of last leaf, woodcut initials.
z86 x +8;mm. Title and last leaf soiled and with erased inscriptions;
annotation partially washed out of T+ leaving a stain; waterstain in lower
corners of sigs OoXx; corners of leaves Rr+ restored; some light dis-
colouration in places, but on the whole a clean copy with good margins.
Binding: Eighteenth-century English mottled calf, old rebacking.
Corners worn
Provenance: Early inscriptions on title erased; engraved armorial
bookplate on verso of title, E Libris Thomae Addams M.D. Coll. Med.
Lond. Soc., probably Thomas Addams, MB of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, FRCP +;(+ and physician to St Thomass Hospital +; (see
Munk); inscriptions on endleaf: John Read Corrie, Ap. z +8o; and J.
King jun. from R. Jones June +8z. Walter Pagels signature dated +.
First edition the Liber ad Almansorem to contain Vesalius paraphrase of
the th book (the th book was rst printed in +(;; all +o books in
+(8+; and Vesalius paraphrase in +;). vb+6 M 6;;o; Adams Rzz(;
Bird zoz;; Durling +; Manchester zo+o; Wellcome (6o. Cushing,
Vesalius, I.-.
This edition of the ten books of al-Raz s Liber ad Almansorem contains the
third printing of Vesalius, Paraphrasis, an annotated paraphrase (or rather a
revision of earlier translations) of the ninth book, a popular treatise on
pathology and therapeutics that was often printed on its own. This was
Vesalius rst publication, printed at Louvain in February +;. He corrected
and amplied his notes and more than doubled their number for the second
edition, printed at Basle only a month later. In this edition Vesalius
annotations are printed as marginal notes.
As well as the Liber ad Almansorem this edition includes a number of shorter
works by al-Raz : Liber de pestilentia; liber divisionum; De antidotis; De aectibus
juncturarum; De morbis infantium; Aphorismorum, sive secretorum medicinalium;
Antidotarius; De praeservatione ab aegritudine lapidis; De sectionibus, caueriis, &
ventosis; and De facultatibus partium animalium. The texts were edited by Alban
Thorer, all the translations being by Gerard of Cremona, except for the Vesal-
ius translation of Liber ad Almansorem Book and Thorers own translation of
Book +o, and the Liber de pestilentia translated by Giorgio Valla (Durling).
The greatest of all the Arab physicians, al-Raz (Latinised Rhazes or Rhases,
86z), was chief physician at the hospital in Baghdad and ranks with
Hippocrates and Galen as one of the founders of clinical medicine. Grolier,
Medicine, 6 cites the +(8+ edition of the Liber ad Almansorem; Garrison
Morton .+ the +(; edition.
toy
RICHARD OF WENDOVER? also known as Richardus Anglicus
(d. +zz)
I. Correctorium alchymiae Richardi Anglici. Das ist. Reformierte
Alchimy, oder Alchimeibesserung, und Straung der Alchimitischen
Mipruch... II. Rainmundi Lulli Apertoroium, & Accuratio
Vegetabilium... Des Knigs Gebers au Hispanien... Zu Straburg,
bey B. Jobins seligen Erben. Anno M. D. XCVI.
Strasbourg: heirs of Bernhard Jobin, +6.
8vo: )(
8
AT
8
(blank T8), +6o leaves, . [8] ++ [+]. Gothic letter.
Title printed in red and black. Decorative initials.
+; x +omm. Titlepage soiled; moderate browning, heavier in a few
gatherings.
Binding: Nineteenth-century quarter roan, gilt bands on spine, red
painted and gauered edges from a former binding. Small chip to
head of spine, worn.
Provenance: From the gauering it appears that this work was formerly
bound with, or formed a companion to, nos +, and ;. Early
underlining, NBs and pointing sts; a short note in a later hand on
nal blank; on the title M stamped in red; stamp Fischer Fondeur
en caracteres Genve (repeated on pastedown) and initials and date
+8+o. Walter Pagels signature dated +.
Second edition. Probably an exact reprint or a re-issue of the same pub-
lishers +8+ edition (Rogent and Durn, give the date as +8z) which has
the same collation. vb+6 R z+8; Muller p. 6oz, Jobin (hritiers) zo;
Ferguson II, p. z;o. This edition not in Ritter or Banzig, cf. Ritter zo+(
for the +8+ edition; not in Rogent and Durn (cf. +z6).
A collection of ve alchemical texts in German translation, the rst two here
attributed to Ricardi Anglici. These are the Correction and Reform of
Alchemy. The Correction was printed in earlier collections, perhaps rst in
Alchimia (Nuremberg +(+, see Ferguson I, p. +8) but the Reform may make
its rst appearance in this collection. The other texts are from the pseudo-
Lullian alchemical corpus, the treatise on the philosophers stone apparently
printed here for the rst time.
This Richard has generally been identied with the physician, Richard of
Wendover (d. +zz), canon of St Pauls and possibly for a time physician to
Pope Gregory IX. Faye Getz in ODNB distinguishes him from Richardus
Anglicus (. c. ++8o), also a physician and author of the medical treatise Micro-
logus. Sarton believed that Richard of Wendover was the author of Micrologus,
but was unsure of the authorship of the alchemical works. Getzs article on
both men makes no mention of the Correctorium alchymiae nor any other
alchemical writings by Richard of Wendover. To add further confusion, in
another ODNB article, J. D. North ascribes a work with the same title, Correc-
torium alchymiae, to Robert York, called Perscrutator (. +++z), but appar-
ently it is a dierent text since he gives a dierent publication history for it.
In addition to the two attributed to Ricardi Anglici, the other works in the
volume are two pseudo-Lullian texts, the Apertorium (rst prined in +(6,
Peirera I.z) and Tractatus de lapide philosophico (Peirera II. (, not citing any
printed editions so this is presumably the rst edition of this text); and Gebers
Secretum.
I have not identied the Geneva typefounder, Fischer, who owned this copy
in the nineteenth-century.
Sarton II, p. 6;; Michela Pereira, The alchemical corpus attributed to Raymond Lull
(+8).
to8
ROESSLIN, Eucharius, the younger (d.+(;)
Kreuterbch, vonn aller Kreuter, Gethier, Gesteine unnd Metal,
Natur, nutz unnd gebrauch. Mit aller deren leblicher Abconter-
feytungen. Distillier zeug und Bericht, Aller handt kostbarlich Wasser
zubrennen, halten und gebrauchen. Alles ber vorige Edition,
Gebessert und gemehrt... Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Meyn, Bei
Christian Egenolph.
Frankfurt: Christian Egenol the elder, +(z.
Folio:
*
z
*
6
AzL
6
, z+6 leaves, . [+z] pp. + [+]; . oz(6.
Gothic letter with Roman index and Latin names. z woodcuts on
titlepage, numerous woodcuts in the text.
zo x + mm. Corner of title torn away with loss of part of woodcut
and text on verso, corners of 6 other leaves,
*
z,
*
,
*
6, z
*
+, B and
N6 also torn away with loss of text, and part of a woodcut in the last
case; light marginal waterstains; soiled throughout from heavy use.
Binding: Recent quarter calf, gauered edges from a former binding.
Provenance: From the gauering it appears that this work was formerly
bound with, or formed a companion to, nos +, and ;. A few
woodcuts partially coloured with red crayon; alternative animal and
plant names entered next to illustrations in an early hand and a few
marginal annotations.
Sixth extant edition. Egenol published editions in +, +, +6,
+8, +(o, +(z, +(6 and +o (vb+6). vb+6 Rz8;; Nissen +668.
A profusely illustrated herbal with woodcuts of distillation apparatus, animals
and a large number of plants. In addition there are the two scenes on the
titlepage and the lovely woodcut of a gardener tending his raised beds on p.
lxxxii which Egenol used again in Dryander, Artzenei Speigel (no. above).
This herbal was enormously popular with at least ; editions published in
Rsslins lifetime. The second edition was considerably enlarged from the rst
and has dierent botanical woodcuts. For the rst edition Egenol had had
his block-cutter copy the illustrations in Brunfels, Herbarium vivae icones, the
rst volume of which was published by the Strasbourg publisher, Johannes
Schott in +z. Schott took Egenol to court for this piracy and he was forced
to hand over his blocks to Schott, who then used them for his own publication
of the German edition of Brunfels in +(. Egenol was now faced with having
to replace the blocks for his later editions of Rsslin. Some at least are still
based, though not very closely, on Brunfels, others are from dierent drawings
(Arber, pp. zo+o).
Eucharius Rsslin the younger succeeded his father as city physician at
Frankfurt in +z6. The father is famous as the author of Der Swangern Frauwen
und Hebammen Rosegarten (Haguenau, ++), the rst printed textbook of
midwifery.
Agnes Arber, Herbals: their origin and evolution
(third edition, +86).
to
ROUSSET, Franois (. +88+o)
Hysterotomotokias [Greek] (Id est) Caesarei partus assertio
historiologica. Pars medicae artis interdum naturae extrema patienti,
perquam necessaria. In qua agitur de opicio chirurgico humani ortus,
aliter fauste succedere nequeuntis, quam per ventris materni solertem
incisionem, sospite cum suo foetus matre ipsa. Item Foetus lapidei
vige-octennalis causae... Parisiis, excudebat Dionysius Duvallius, sub
Pegaso, in vico Bellovaco. M. D. XC.
Paris: Denys du Val, +o.
8vo, a
6
AzO
8
zP
z
zQ
8
, +z leaves, pp. [+z] 6 [+6]. Roman and
Italic letter. Woodcut headpieces and initial borders. Full page
woodcut illustrations on p. +, z;;, z;8, z; and z8o.
[bound with:]
Dialogus apologeticus pro caesareo partu, in malevoli cuiusdam
pseudoprotei dicteria [imprint as above].
Paris: Denys du Val, +o
8vo: AC8 D(, z8 leaves, pp. 6. Roman letter, in verse. Woodcut
headpiece and initial border. Manchester zo+.
+6 x +o6. Waterstains in corners extending into the text in about half
of the book but only obtrusive in a few gatherings. A fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards.
Provenance: Nineteenth century armorial bookplate of Corn. Henr.
Roy and an undeciphered signature on pastedown. Walter Pagels
signature, undated.
The rst work is the authors enlarged Latin edition of Traitt nouveau de
lhysterotomotokie (Paris, +8+). Caspar Bauhin had issued his own
Latin translation with additions at Basle in +88 (with later editions in
++ and +6o+). A German translation was published in +8. Durling
6;; Manchester zo.
A much enlarged edition of the rst monograph on the Caesarian section,
bound with Roussets reply to objections to the rst edition. It was Rousset
who gave the operation its name after the supposed birth of Caesar. The rst
edition was in French and recorded fteen successful operations carried out
by various operators in the preceding 8o years (GarrisonMorton 6z6). It was
translated into Latin by Caspar Bauhin and published without Roussets
consent at Basle in +8. This +o edition is Roussets own Latin version,
issued by the original publisher, to which Rousset added much new material.
The book was a masterpiece, and he appears to be the rst writer who had
the courage to advise the performance of the operation upon a living woman.
In the rst part of his book, he pointed out the usefulness and necessity of the
operation where there was imminent danger to both mother and child in cases
where delivery by the natural passage is impossible. Next he established the
possibility of the success of the operation by instances of various kinds which
proved that wounds of the part to be divided during the operation are not
necessarily fatal. Lastly, he entered into a detailed account of several
obstetrical complications which were incomparably more terrible than the
operation he proposed and which, for the most part, may be avoided by its
performance...
In +o, Rousset, after further researches in reference to the [Caesarean]
operation, published a larger edition of his book... He extended his arguments
in favour of the operation and gave an account of ve further successful cases.
Two of these patients afterwards had normal deliveries. In the fth case, which
occurred in +8z, it appears that the operator, one John Lucas, was anything
but sober at the time of the operation. Rousset, in this connection remarked,
And if the operation succeed with him when drunk, what may not he expect
who perform it when sober, according to the justest rules of his art?
In +o Rousset published an apologetic dialogue on the Caesarean
operation... In this work he considered all the objections which had been made
by his adversaries and even took it upon himself to expose them in their proper
light which gave him occasion to enlighten and fortify his own way of thinking
(Young, pp. z, z6z;).
John Harley Young, Caesarean Section. The History and Development of the Operation
from Earliest Times (+(().
tto
RUPESCISSA, Johannes de (c. +ooc. +6)
De consideratione quintae essenti[a]e rerum omnium, opus san
egregium. Arnaldi de Villanova Epistola de sanguine humano distillato.
Raymundi Lullii Ars operativa: & alia quaedam... Nunc primum in
lucem data. Accessit michaelis Savonarolae Libellus optimus de aqua
Vitae, nunc valde correctior quam ante annos z;. editus. Item Hieronymi
Cardani Libellus de Aethere, seu Qunta essentia Vini.
Basle: no publishers name or date, ascribed to Heinrich Petri and Peter
Perna by VDI6, [+6+?].
8vo: ay
8
(blank y; present, blank y8 lacking), +; of +;6 leaves, pp.
(+ [], (errata on y6r, y6vy;v blank). Roman letter with Italic
headings and errata. Woodcut initials.
+ x omm. Hole in b8 repaired with loss of several letters and the
leaf remargined; washed and pressed, paper slightly discoloured.
Binding: Nineteenth-century polished calf, gilt spine, top edge gilt.
Upper joint cracked but sound.
Provenance: Traces of early annotation on a few leaves and nal blank,
largely washed out and illegible; nineteenth-century engraved armorial
bookplate with initials A. L. S. and quotation Beatus homo quem tu
erudieris domini.
First edition of the original text, edited by Gugliolmo Grataroli whose
dedication to the emperor Ferdinand is dated +6+: a much altered
version had been printed in ++( and ++8 (see Lull, De secretis naturae,
no. 66 above). vb+6 J6+; Adams R((; Wellcome 6(6; Rogent and
Durn +oo.
The rst systematic application of chemistry to medicine. Rupescissas fth
essence is spirit of wine. He describes several processes for distilling wine and
gives descriptions of its therapeutic powers.
Rupescissa declared that a fth essence is not only obtainable from wine,
but from all other things as well, and thus generalizing the fth essence as a
chemical species, he was propounding a doctrine which was to assume the rst
rank in the chemistry of the sixteenth century (Multhauf pp. 6(). It was
Rupescissa, both physician and alchemist, who seems to have been the rst to
take the major step of the wholesale transfer of the paraphernalia of alchemy
into medicine (Multhauf, p. 6;). In the eld of alchemy This work possessed
a marked individuality both in expression and arrangement, distinguishing it
from other medieval alchemical treatises, and it created a correspondingly
profound and wide impression. (Thorndike pp. 6).
In his DSB article on Paracelsus, Pagel notes that it is not easy to decide
to what extent Paracelsus had been anticipated by the Lullists, and by
Rupescissa, especially in regard to the preparation of potable metals and quinta
essentia (DSB +o:o8a).
Apparently born in Catalonia, Rupescissa studied philosophy at Toulouse
before entering the Fransiscan order at Auriac in Aquitaine. He was
imprisoned several times for his prophecies of the coming of the antichrist and
the future of church and state.
Rupescissas text is followed by works attributed to Arnaldus de Villanova
and Raymond Lull, but not the tract by Cardanus erroneously advertised on
the titlepage. The Lullian works include Ars operativa medica (Peirera I.6, rst
printed in +z).
Thorndike gives a long account of Rupescissa and his works and the surviving MSS
(III, pp. (;6, ;z;(o, see especially pp. 6 for an analysis of the content
of De consideratione quintae essentiae); Robert P. Multhauf, John of Rupescissa and
the Origin of Medical Chemisty, Isis ( (+() 6;.
ttt
RUPESCISSA, Johannes de (c. +ooc. +6)
De consideratione quintae essentiae rerum omnium, opus san
egregium. Accessere Arnaldi de Villanova Epistola de sangine
humano distillato; Raymundi Lullii Ars operativa, & alia quaedam.
Michaelis Savanarolae Libellus optimus de aqua vita, nunc valde
correctior quam ante annos LXX editus... Basileae, per Conradum
Waldkirch. M D XCVII.
Basle: Konrad von Waldkirch, +;.
8vo: AS
8
T
(
, +(8 leaves, pp. zz [(], Roman letter with Italic
headings and index. Woodcut initials, euron and typemetal initials
and head and tailpieces.
+6 x mm. Severely browned throughout.
Binding: Seventeenth-century mottled calf, red sprinkled edges. Spine
restored.
Provenance: Initials R. N., perforated stamp in the margin of B+.
Second edition, a reprint of the 1561 edition with the errata corrected.
The rst initial in the dedication is the same block used in the earlier
edition. vb+6 ZV8;zz; Adams R(; Durling z86; Wellcome 6(;;
Neville II, p. (o;; Rogen and Durn +(.
ttz
SCHNER, Johann (+(;;+(;)
Algorithmus demonstratus Habes in hoc libello, studiose lector,
Mathematica demonstrationes, in eam calculandi artem, quam vulgus
Algorithmum vocat, quibus fons et origo... M. D. XXXIIII.
[Colophon: Norimbergae apud Jo. Petreium, Anno M. D. XXXIIII.
Nuremberg: Johann Petreius, +(.
(to: AH
(
, z unnumbered leaves. Roman letter with mathematical
notation in the margins. Title within a woodcut border. Woodcut initials.
+ x +mm. A little soiled, light marginal waterstains.
Binding: Nineteenth-century boards using a printed antiphonal leaf.
Pages numbered in an early hand.
Provenance: Royal Library, Munich, release stamp on verso of title.
First edition of Schners commentary. vb+6 A+8;6; Smith, Rara
Arithmetica p. +;8.
An annotated edition of the medieval Algorithmus demonstratus by a certain
magister Gernadus. As might be expected, therefore, it is purely theoretical,
being a late variation of the Boethian works (Smith). The commentary by
Johannes Schner is longer than the original text and is supplemented by
algebraic notation printed in the margins.
Schners source for the text was a copy made by Regiomontanus from a
manuscript in Vienna (leading to the work being once ascribed to Regio-
montanus himself). In the same year Schner, a teacher of mathematics in the
Aegidiengymnasium at Nuremberg, had edited Regiomontanus, Problemata
xxix saphaeae nobilis instrumenti astronomici.
Thorndike, V, p. ; for the attribution of the original MS copied by Regio-
montanus to Gernadus, the Catholic Encyclopedia on-line cites Duhem in
Bibliotheca mathematica, rd series, VI, +o, p. .
tt
SENECA, Lucius Annaeus (c. ( ncab 6)
Opera philosophica, including Epistolae and Questiones
naturales
[+a:] Seneca moralis. [Colophon, Hv:] Impressum Venetiis per
Bernadinum de Cremona & Simonem de Luero. Die. v. octobris.
MCCCCXC.
Venice: Bernardinus de Choris, de Cremona and Simon de Luere,
y October, +(o.
Folio:
z
ar
8
st
6
AG
8
H
+o
(H+o, blank) z+ of z+6 leaves, . []
cxlvii LXV. Roman letter, 6z lines and headline per page, initial
spaces with guide letters, spaces for Greek words.
Initials and rubrication: red and blue decorated initials on a+ and m+;
other initials alternating in red and blue, paragraph marks in red or
blue. Greek words not supplied.
zo x zo x z+zmm. +r dustsoiled; light stains in the text on C( and
E and light marginal waterstains on a few other leaves, small hole in
last z leaves (contents) aecting one or two letters. A ne fresh copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century British panelled calf, red sprinkled edges.
Joints cracked, one upper cord broken, other cords holding but weak,
head and tail of spine chipped, corners worn.
Provenance: The Benedictine monasterry of Santa Giustina in Padua
with inscription on az, Est monasterii sancte Iustine signatus numero
zooz6, Three line verse in Italian on +r in a contemporary hand; ++
words of contemporary annotation in the text and occasional
underlining, pointing sts and grotesque faces in the margins.
Engraved armorial bookplate of John Campbell of Shaweld, near
Glasgow, probably the son of Daniel Campbell, +6;z+;, the
politician who provoked the Shaweld riots; Signet Library,
Edinburgh with gilt stamp on boards and shelf-label on pastedown
(Sothebys ++th-+zth April +6o, lot +(+, 38, Francis Edwards).
Third edition of the Opera containing the editio princeps of Questiones
naturales. (First +(;; there were other fteenth-century editions,
including one in French and one in Spanish). ISTC: isoo;oooo; Go
S-;o; BMC V (6(; Walsh z;+; BSB-Ink S-z6;; Bod-inc S-+.
The rst edition of Senecas works to contain his Natural questions his only
extant scientic work. These deal with meteorology in the modern sense,
rivers, earthaquakes, meteors and comets, all topics that belonged to
meteorology in its ancient sense. According to Sarton, Seneca was the rst to
express a belief in the progress of knowledge (not the progress of humanity);
this idea of progress is unique in ancient literature. The Questiones naturales
is the most substantial extant ancient work after Aristotle and so the main
source for the history of Greek meteorolgy after Aristotle since it relies heavily
on Greek sources.
Sarton draws particulary attention to Senecas account of the earthquake in
Campania on February 6 which led him to discuss earthquates and volcanic
phenomena.
For details of Ficinos contributions and references, see Alan Coates and
others, A catalogue of books printed in the fteenth century now in the Bodleian
Library (zoo), S-z6;.
A very good and attractive copy from the famous library of Santa Giustina
in Padua, one of the most important libraries in Italy in the middle ages.
Sarton I, pp. z(;8; L. D. Reynolds, ed. Texts and Transmission (+8), pp. ;68.
ttq
SEUSE, Heinrich, latinised SUSO (+z+66)
Horologiu[m] eterne sapientie... [Colophon:] Colonie apud
predicatores impressum... Anno domini. M.ccccc.iij. Mensis
Septembris ipso die Marcelli.
Cologne: Cornelius von Zierickzee, +o.
8vo: AQ
8
($+ and signed except sig. A), +z8 unnumbered leaves.
Gothic letter, initial spaces with guide letters. Title printed in red (type)
and black (woodcuts). Small woodcut on title (+ x z8mm) surrounded
by ( decorative blocks and a large woodcut on verso ( x ;6mm).
+6 x +oomm. Initials and initial strokes supplied in red; signatures on
leaves z( of each gathering supplied in a contemporary hand. A few
wormholes in the rst four gatherings aecting the text and title
woodcuts; wormtracks and tears in blank margins of the titlepage
repaired; clean tear through text in Az repaired; a good fresh copy
with good margins.
Binding: Nineteenth-century marbled boards, worn.
Provenance: From + to o words of contemporary annotation on
almost every page, with initial strokes, underlining and other decora-
tion of the annotations in red ink. Walter Pagels signature, undated.
Later edition (rst Cologne, about +(8o; ISTC lists another incunable
editions, including z in French and + in Dutch). vb+6 S6+o(.
The clock of wisdom has been called the nest fruit of German mysticism.
Seuses Horologium sapientiae contains his most developed statement on
the nature of friendship, as well as a complex denition of signs as markers that
mediate between inner and outer, the secret and the manifest. The materiality
of gifts and other tokens parallels an awareness of the legibility of the body
itself: the notion of the body as an image serving as the corollary of the
image as a body. To that extent, all gifted images represent an incarnation of
sorts, reecting not only the fact that for Seuse, friendship itself constitutes a
gift, but also that friendship is made manifest on the model of the Incarnation.
(Hamburger, abstract of the article cited below.)
Pagel believed that the images on the titlepage and the large woodcut on
the verso were precursors of Rosicrucian symbolism. The left-hand angel on
the title, apparently with one eye closed, he says shows mystic monocularity
while the large woodcut shows Christ as Cosmos-Man spanning the whole
width of the mantle of God the Father (he reproduces these images from
the present copy in his Paracelsus (+8z) gs. zo, z( and z and note on pp.
6;o).
A native of Swabia, Seuse continued the mystical tendencies of Eckhart
and Tauler, being perhaps more practical than either of them, and more
poetical (Sarton). His works were inential in the fourteenth century and
frequently printed in the fteenth and sixteenth centuries, and despite a Jesuit
prohibition of his works in the late sixteenth-century, the pietistic tendencies
of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries brought Suso back to the surface
(Sarton).
A very good fresh copy with fairly extensive annotations. It is interesting to
note that the rubrication, which is undoubtedly early, is applied both to the
printed text and the annotation.
Sarton III, ;;; Jerey F. Hamburger, Visible, Yet Secret: Images as Signs of
Friendship in Seuse, Oxford German Studies, 6 (zoo;), pp. +(++6z.
tt
SEVERINUS, Petrus (+(z+6oz)
Idea medicina philosophicae, fundamenta continens totius
doctrinae Paracelsicae, Hippocraticae, & Galenicae... Basileae, ex
ocina sixti Henricpetri. Anno M.D. LXXI. [Same text in colophon.]
Basle: Sixtus Henricpetri, +;+.
(to:
(
AZ
(
AaZz
(
AAHH
(
(blank (), zz( leaves, pp. [+6] (+6 [+6].
Roman letter. Woodcut initials, printers device on colophon leaf HH(.
+ x +(mm. Some light soiling and discolouration; light waterstains
in the margins of a few leaves.
Binding: Early seventeenth-century English sprinkled calf, sometime
rebacked; new endleaves. Spine and corners rubbed.
Provenance: Signature (twice) on title of Joshua Smarfett, physician of
Tenterden, Diocesan Licentiate +6o6 (Mortimer p. +;+); early
underlining on one page; Sion College Library stamp and withdrawn
stamp dated +8. Walter Pagels signature dated +(8.
First edition. Second edition, Erfurt, +6+6, third, with commentary by
William Davison, The Hague, +66o. vb+6 S 688(; Adams +o+; Bird
z+; Durling (z+; Manchester z+z; Wellcome (. Nielsen +(;
Bruni Celli +;.
The rst major synthesis of the Paracelsian corpus, the Idea medicinae
philosophicae was highly inuential. It was immediately accepted as one of the
most authoritative documents of the Paracelsian school (Debus, DSB, p.
). ... the best of Paracelsian commentators (Pagel, Religion, VI, p. +6).
The Idea opens by complaining that Galenic medicine had failed to
suppress the new diseases that were ravaging Europe. If physicians would
discard the works of the ancients and turn to their own observations of nature,
they would nd that a proper understanding of the relation of man and nature
is expressed clearly in the analogy of the macrocosm and the microcosm.
Severinus accepted the doctrine of signatures and, as a follower of Paracelsus,
rejected the traditional doctrine of the humors and the belief that contraries
cure. (Debus, French Paracelsians, p. +8).
This book also contains Severinus views on epigenisis, the development of
the organism from germ material (as opposed to preformation). As Pagel has
shown, Severinus was the most eloquent exponent of epigenesis in the period
between Aristotle and Harvey (Debus, DSB, p. b).
Walter Pagel made this book very much his own, writing about the
relationship of Severinus work to the Paracelsian corpus and as a precursor
of Harvey (see references below). In his work on Harvey, Pagel wrote:
Severinus Idea was praised by Sir Francis Bacon as the eloquent presentation
and philosophically harmonious system of Paracelsus of whom he thought
little otherwise (p. z(o) and concludes His book was well known at Harveys
time, when it went through three editions. Bacon should have been well
acquainted with it, as he had accorded to it words of praise. It is reasonable to
assume that it was not unknown to Harvey, however little its aliation to
Paracelsian ideas and Lord Bacons praise may have impressed him as
commendable features (p. z(;). What Pagel may not have known is that there
was a copy in the library of the London College of Physicians, on a shelf D+
containing mostly alchemical books. Harvey funded a new building for the
library and donated his own books but perhaps not the Severinus
(Christopher Merrett, Catalogus librorum, +66o, p. ++).
Severinus, or Peder Srensen to give him his Danish name, attended the
University of Copenhagen. He studied medicine briey in France and then
returned to Copenhagen. Then in +6 he set out with another noted
Paracelsian, Johannes Pratensis, to study abroad in Germany, France and
Italy. He completed the Idea medicina in France. Severinus was widely known
in the iatrochemical circles of his time. In Denmark he was closely associated
at court with Tycho Brahe, who was claimed by sixteenth and seventeenth-
century chemists as a leading authority in this eld. (Debus, DSB, p. (a).
This copy belonged to an early seventeenth-century English provincial
physician, Joshua Smarfett of Tenterden, Kent.
Walter Pagel, Paracelsus. An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the
Renaissance (znd edition, +8z); Ibid, William Harveys Biological Ideas (+6;, pp.
zz(;); Ibid, Religion and Neoplatonism in Renaissance medicine (+8); Allen G.
Debus, DSB +z:(6; Ibid, The French Paracelsians (++); Lauritz Martin
Neilsen, Dansk bibliogra, I8:[I6oo] (++); Ian Mortimer, A Directory of
Medical Personnel Qualied and Practising in the Diocese of Canterbury, circa Iy6oI;o
(no date, www.kentarchaeology.ac/authors/oz+.pdf).
tt6
TAGLIACOZZI, Gaspare (+(+)
Cheirurgia nova... de narium, aurium, labiorumque defectu, per
insitionem cutis ex humero, arte, hactenus omnibus ignota,
sarciendo... Additis cutis traducis instrumentorum omnium, atque
deligationum iconibus & Tabulis... +8 Francofurti. Excudebat
Johannes Sauris, impensis Petri Kopi.
Frankfurt: Johannes Sauer for Peter Kopf, +8.
8vo: AzP
8
zQ
(
, o8 leaves, pp. 6o [++] (last page blank). Roman
and Italic letter. Titlepage in red and black with woodcut printers
device; woodcut initials. Three quarter page woodcut on p. (o and
zz full page woodcuts on pp. 6z6o(.
+;8 x+ozmm. Light or moderate browning throughout; wormholes in
inner margins at the end.
Binding: Contemporary vellum boards, traces of ties. Soiled.
Provenance: Circular library stamp on endleaf and title, both inked
out; nineteenth-century bookplate of A. Braune pasted over an earlier
bookplate.
Third edition (rst as De curatorum chirurgia per insitionem, folio, Venice,
Bindoni, +;; second, a piracy, folio, Venice, Meietti, +;); the
fourth edition was printed at Berlin in +8+. vb+6 T6; Adams T 8;
Bird zz8; Durling (+z; Manchester z8; Wellcome 6z++.
The rst monograph on plastic surgery. It was rst published as an imposing
folio at Venice in +;. A piracy was printed at Venice in the same year, in full
size, and the next year it was reprinted at Frankfurt in this cheap octavo edition
with much reduced, but accurate, copies of all the woodcut illustrations. This
publication history suggests that the book created quite a stir. LeFanu points
out that The authors method of transplanting the patients own tissue met
a very real need, because the dueling and violence that were widespread in Italy
at that time frequently resulted in mutilation of the face. On the other hand,
commentators all repeat the statement that Tagliacozzis methods were not
adopted by his contemporaries and condemned by the Church as meddling
with Gods creation. Such statements need to be considererd against the
evidence of the publication of three editions within two years. Though of
course it is also true that plastic surgery did not come into its own until the
nineteenth century when Taglicozzis book was rediscovered and reprinted
at Berlin in +8+.
The twenty-two illustrated plates contained at the end of the book are
woodcuts of mediocre technical quality, but they reveal considerable artistic
skill. The arrangement is well thought out: the most important instruments,
the rst three stages of the operation for restoring the nose, two separate plates
showing the two most important bandages, two further plates demonstrating
their use in a decisive phase of the operation, and nally the removal of the
bandage and ap of skin... Other plates illustrate the third part of the operation
for shaping the nostrils. At the very end, plastic surgery of the lips and ears is
explained by means of simple line-drawings. (Herlinger.)
The illustrations are of considerable importance because they mark a
turning point in surgical illustration. In Herlingers analysis Tagliacozzis
work was simultaneously the conclusion of the early period of surgical
illustration and the prelude to the developments that were to take place in
the +;th century... The scenes are oriented toward didactic representatation
they are not drawn from life, and they are not crowded with irrelevant
detail. They represent ... the general case as oppposed to the individual
case.
GarrisonMorton ;(; Grolier, Medicine z; LeFanu, Notable Books in the Lilly
Library, p. ; Robert Herlinger, History of Medical Illustration (+;o), pp. +(8
and gs z;(; Martha Teach Gnudi and Jerome Pierce Webster, The Life and
Times of Gaspare Tagliacozzi (+o), pp. +( and g. o.
tty
TAURELLUS, Nicolaus (+(;+6o6)
Alpes caesae, hoc est, Andr. Caesalpini Itali, monstrosa & superba
dogmata, discussa & excussa... Apud M. Zachariam Palthenium
Typographum. Anno M. D. XCVII.
[Frankfurt]: Zacharias Palthenius, +;.
(to:
*
(
(:)
8
(::)
8
(:::)
(
AX
8
(X8, blank), of 6o leaves, pp. [8]
(o +o6 [+] (last page blank). Roman and Italic letter. Printers device
on title, small woodcut initials and headpieces.
+8 x +zzmm. Rectangle cut from foot of title and repaired; a few
wormholes in the title, aecting a few letters, and rst few leaves;
lightly browned throughout but clean.
Binding: Eighteenth-century half calf, gilt oral tools in spine
compartments, red edges, marbled paper pastedowns. Head of spine
slightly frayed, edges rubbed and corners worn.
Provenance: No early marks of ownership or use.
First edition. Another state of the titlepage has the place of publication in
the imprint (vb+6 Tz((). vb+6 Tz(; Adams Tz8o.
A critical commentary on Cesalpinos Quaestionum peripeteticarum (+;+, see
no. z; above) in which Cesalpino had set out his philosophical and scientic
views. Cesalpino was an Aristotelian, and so a target for Taurellus who
attacked the dominant Aristotelianism of the time, and endeavoured to
construct a philosophy which should harmonize faith and knowledge, and
bridge over the chasm made by the rst Renaissance writers who followed
Pomponazzi. (Encyclopedia Britannica).
Taurellus was born in the County of Mmpelgard, read theology at the
University of Tbingen and medicine at the University of Basel. He was later
professor of medicine at the University of Altdorf. The Encyclopedia Britannica
accounts this one of his chief works.
Pagel was interested in the book because of the section addressing Ces-
alpinus views on the cardiovascular system ( De corde, pp. 8(-o).
Cesalpinus thought that both arterial and venous blood was carried from the
heart to the organs, and made the seemingly contradictory statement that
although venous blood also carried nutrients to the heart, there was only one
kind of venous blood. Cesalpinus was criticised by his main adversary,
Nicolaus Taurellus for having emphasised the oneness of blood like his
master Aristotle (Pagel p. +8z).
Pagel, William Harveys Biological Ideas, +6;; Encyclopedia Britannica, ++th
edition, +++, z6, p. (.
tt8
TELESIO, Bernadino (+o+8)
De rerum natura iuxta propria principia Libri IX... Neapoli apud
Horatium Salvianum. M.D. LXXXVII.
Naples: Orazio Salviani, +8;.
Folio:
z
AzI
6
zKzL
(

z

(
, zo6 leaves, [(] (oo [8] (last page blank)
but mis-bound with z after A6. Roman letter. Woodcut printers
device on title, 8 and 6-line initials. Woodcut diagram on p. ++.
+ x z+omm. Titlepage dustsoiled and frayed in the outer margin and
strengthened with tissue. wormholes through the text at the
beginning, dissappearing after sig. E. A good clean copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century English calf, red edges, recently rebacked.
Corners worn.
Provenance: No contemporary marks of ownership or annotations. An
unidentied eighteenth-century owner, E. C. has noted Bacons
references to Telesio on the front free endleaf, annotated the last leaf
Collated Perfect E:C: and repeated his initials on the rear endleaf.
The rst complete edition with books printed for the rst time,
second issue with reset prelims and nal gathering. This edition was
rst issued in +86 and some copies of that issue have the same nal
gathering as here. First published as De natura iuxta propria principia
liber primus et secundus (Rome, Antonio Blado, +6); second edition,
De rerum natura iuxta propria principia, liber primus, et secundus, denu
editi, (Naples, Giuseppe Cacchi, +;o). cbi1+6 also notes an edition of
all nine books published by Salviani in +8o with an unconrmed
location at the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Rome, but I can nd
no other copies of such an issue or edition. cbi1+6 cNcc o886; Adams
Tz (+86 issue); Riccardi, I, pt. z, col +z no.(.
Telesio is celebrated for being wrong for the right reasons. His system is based
on the opposing factors of heat and cold which take the place of Aristotelian
forms. This system is not, he insists, to be based on reason but on an
examination of the data presented by the senses. He thus sowed the seeds
from which sprang the scientic methods of Campanella and Bruno, of Bacon
and Descartes, with their widely divergent results... The whole system of
Telesio shows lacunae in argument, and ignorance of essential facts, but at the
same time it is a forerunner of all subsequent empiricism, scientic and
philosophical, and marks clearly the period of transition from authority and
reason to experiment and individual responsibility. (Encyclopaedia
Britannica.)
Neal W. Gilbert in DSB is at pains to point out that earlier commentators
view of Telesios book as an empiricist manifesto is misleading and that
Telesio is no more, nor less, an empiricist than Aristotle himself, but still he
reaches much the same conclusion, that Telesio showed the way forward. He
also notes that in making the sun ery, Telesio unwittingly contributed to the
breakdown of the Aristotelian barrier between celestial and sublunary physics;
and in his concepts of space and time he anticipated Newton and allowed for
the possibility of a vacuum.
Telesio was educated at Milan by his uncle, Antonio, then at Rome and
Padua. He lectured at Naples and founded the academy of Cosenza. Telesios
anti-Aristotelian views were problematic for the Catholic Church but
surprisingly his books were not put on the index until shortly after his death.
Encyclopaedia Britannica (++th edition, +++), z6, p. ;; Neal W. Gilbert, DSB, +(,
pp. z;;z8o.
tt
THOMAS AQUINAS, saint (+zz?+z;()
Opuscula (yt). Ed: Antonius Pizamanus, with a life of St.
Thomas.
[aa+r blank; aa+v:] Tabula omnium opusculoru[m]... [Colophon,
GG;r:] impressa Venetiis ingenio ac impe[n]sa Hermanni lichtenstein
Coloniensis. Anno salut[is] Mcccc.xc. vii. Idus septembris.
Venice: Hermannus Liechtenstein, ; September, +(o.
(to: aa
+z
av
8
x
+z
AZ
8
AAGG
8
HH
+z
, zo unnumbered leaves.
Gothic letter in double columns of lines. Initial spaces with guide
letters.
Illumination and rubrication: Illuminated letter L on a+r and a stylised leaf
and fruit decoration at the foot of the same page. Capitals supplied in red
throughout with ourishes extending into the lower margins.
z( x +;mm. A superb large, fresh and clean copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind stamped calf over oak boards, remains
of clasps, holes where there were once bosses. Leather cracked and
defective over cords and at head and foot; old repairs to head of spine
and corners.
Provenance: About 6o words of contemporary annotation and
occasional underlining and marginal marks and numbers. Inscription
on a+r Ad cenobium sancte elisabeth in suburbio brixine spectat
presens liber. (To the monastery of St. Elizabeth in the vicinity of
Brixen belongs the present book.).
Later edition, but one of the most complete, containing ;+ treatises.
ISTC lists 8 incunable editions. The rst edition of +(;z comprises +z
treatieses. This recension, edited by Pizamanus, was reprinted at
Venice by Bonetus Locatellus for Octavianus Scotus in +(8 with two
treatises added. Go Tz8; Poynter ;(; Bod-inc T-+(o; BMC V 8;
BSB-Ink T-z6.
This is one of the most complete fteenth century editions of Thomas
Aquinas, the Angelic doctor, and a superb copy from the library of a womens
religious house. The dominant gure in medieval scolasticism, Aquinas
writings on the Aristotelian corpus dened the teaching of science up to the so
called scientic revolution of the seventeenth century. In theology, Aquinas
taught that faith was not incompatible with reason. This collection begins with
Pizamanus life of Aquinas followed by ;z numbered Opuscula, including
many scientic treatises, roughly grouped around Opuscula z6. Although
;z treatises are listed, the editor, Pizimanus, notes that one could not be found,
no. (8 on Aristotles logic, and so although numbered it is not printed.
Opusculum De motu cordis is discussed by Pagel for its bearing on
Harveys ideas. Pagel notes that this treatise has sometimes been described as a
work on the motion of the blood but that this is a misunderstanding and the
title really implies the motion of the heart. Aquinas argues that although the
motion of the heart is made up of two movements pushing and pulling,
systole and diastole it always returns to the same point and so although not
truly a circular motion, it is like a circular motion, and comes close to a simple
circular motion like that of the heavens. Pagel concludes that circular sym-
bolism considered with relation to the motion of the heart can be traced back to
this treatise of Aquinas; and circular symbolism considered with relation to the
circular motion of the blood to Giodano Brunos De rerum principiis.
Binding and provenance. The inscription is that of the Franciscan house of
women at Bressanone, now part of Italy but formerly in Germany and called
Brixen (John R. H. Moorman, Medieval Franciscan Houses (+8) p. 6o. The
binding and the ne illuminated initial at the start of the text are consistent
with a South German provenance.
Pagel, William Harveys Biological Ideas (+6;) pp. o and +z(; Vincent R.
Larkin, St Thomas Aquinas on the movement of the heart, Journal of the History
of Medicine + (+6o) zzo.
tzo
THURNEISSER ZUM THURN, Leonhard (+o?+6)
Prokatalepsis [Greek] oder Praeoccupatio, durch zwl
verscheidenlicher Tractaten... Anno M. D. LXXI. [Colophon:]
Gedruckt zu Franckfurt an der Oder durch Johan. Eichorn, anno +;+.
Frankfurt (Oder): Johann Eichorn, +;+.
Folio: AG
6
H
(
, LackiNo A+, ( of (6 leaves, pp. [(] I[LXXXVII]
[+] (last page blank). Gothic letter with Roman and Italic on Az, title
[in facsimile] within a woodcut border, portrait of Thurneiser within a
woodcut border on Az, ornamental initials.
z;z x +;mm. LackiNo 1i1Lc (xerox bound in), several margins and
corners defective and restored with loss of several letters of shoulder
notes. Uniform browning.
Binding: Recent quarter calf.
First edition. vb+6 T+zo6; Durling (;.
In this work Thurneisser describes a method of diagnosis by weighing and
distilling urine. He was the rst to publish the method and although Gerhard
Dorn later claimed priority, chemical uroscopy was attributed to Thurn-
eisser by such writers as Reusner, James Hart and Van Helmont. According to
Pagel Weighing of the urine, as inculcated by Thurneisser, remained a sound
method of urine examination and was established as such by Van Helmont.
Seen in this light Thurneisser was productive of some progressive ideas and
results, however much overgrown by the fruits of wild imagination and
deliberate trickery... In this eld Thurneissers position appears to be equalled
by his merits in the chemical examination of mineral waters. Though not the
rst in the eld, it was Thurneisser and not Paracelsus who carried out such
investigations, and he did so on a systematic scale (Pagel p. 6).
Partington was dismissive: Thurneisser seems to have been the rst to use
the perfectly useless process of distillation (II, p. +). Like Partington,
Garrison could nd little of value in Thurneissers works, but his description
of Thurneissers wild career is probably not unfair: A typical follower of
Paracelsus was the adventurous alchemist and swindler, Leonhard Thurn-
heysser zum Thurn (++), of Basle, who started out as a goldsmiths
apprentice, married at sixteen, and was soon embarked in a gold-brick
imposture (selling tin coated with gold), for which he had to ee the city and
take up a roving life. He traveled far and wide, became inspector of mines in
Tyrol in +8 and, after healing the wife of the Elector of Brandenburg of a
desperate illness, became his body physician in +;8. In Berlin, he made so
much money by pawn-broking, usury, and the sale of calendars, horoscopes,
and secret remedies, that he was able to set up a private laboratory and printing
oce, with type-foundry attached. A scandalous law-suit with his third wife
reduced him to beggary, and he died obscurely in a cloister at Cologne. His
writings, full of mystical humbuggery, are without value, although much has
been made of his discovery that mineral waters yield a certain residue upon
evaporation. (Garrison p. zo.)
Pagel, Paracelsus +8z, pp. +o+8 and 6 where he gives further references for
Thurneissers chemical uroscopy and other aspects of his work; Fielding H.
Garrison, Introduction to the History of Medicine, (th ed., +z.
tzt
THURNEISSER ZUM THURN, Leonhard (+o?+6)
Quinta essentia das ist, die hchste Subtilitet, krat und wirckung,
beyder der frtreichsten, und menschlichem geschlecht am
ntzlichsten Knsten, der Medicin und Alchemy... Leipzig...
[Colophon:] Gedruckt zu Leipzig bey Hans Steinman, typis
Voegelianis, M. D. Lxxiii.
Leipzig: Ernst Vgelin for Hans Steinmann, +;(.
Folio, AI, J, KS
6
(S6, presumably blank), +o; leaves, pp. [z] xxvi
ccxii [z]. Gothic letter with Roman and Italic prelims. Title and B6
printed in red and black, woodcut device on title, woodcut portrait on
A( within a full page woodcut border, and +6 large woodcut illustrations.
o+ x zoomm, some light browning, title a little soiled, otherwise a
clean copy.
Binding: Nineteenth-century half vellum. Sides worn, corners bumped.
Provenance: J. Campbell Brown, Abercormby Square, Liverpool,
nineteenth-century bookplate; Walter Pagels signature dated +(.
First folio edition (rst edition, (to, Mnster, +;o). vb+6 T+zo8;
Durling (.
Thurneissers work on the fth essence is one of the best-illustrated alchemical
works of the sixteenth century; many of the illustrations show the author
himself performing alchemical operations. The woodcuts are said to be by Jost
Amman and replace engravings in the rst edition. In addition there is a formal
portrait of the author in a magnicent full-page woodcut border.
The Quinta Essentia contains some repulsive pictures of the spirits of
mercury, sulphur, salt, etc. and follows Paracelsus in the parallels salt=earth=
body, sulphur=air=spirit, mercury=water=soul. (Partington II, p. +(.)
tzz
THURNEISSER ZUM THURN, Leonhard (+o?+6)
Magna alchymia dass ist ein Lehr und Unterweisung von den
oenbaren und verborgenlichen Naturen, Arten und Eigenschaten,
allerhandt wunderlicher Erdtgewechssen, als Ertzen, Metallen,
Mineren Erdsten Schwefeln, Mercurien, Saltzen und Gesteinen...
Item Onomasticum und Interpretatio oder aufhrliche Erklerung
Etliche frembde und... unbekante Nomina, Verba... Gedruckt zu
Clln, Durch Johannem Gymnicum, im Einhorn. M. D. LXXX.VII.
[Part z:]Melitsath [Hebrew] kai hermeneia [Greek] das ist ein
Onomasticum und Interpretatio oder aufhrliche Erklerung...
Gedruckt zu Berlin durch Nicolaum Voltzen. Anno M. D. LXXXIII.
Cologne: Johann Gymnich and Berlin, Nikolaus Voltz, +8;.
Folio, z parts:
*
z
)(
z
()
z
AzQz; 8( leaves, pp. [+z] +(( [+z];
z
)(
z

*
z
A
zZ
z

z
a
z
, ( leaves, pp. [+z] +88. Plus z long folding woodcut and
letterpress plates (c. ;z x 6omm), each made up of two leaves pasted
together, and 6 double page tables. Gothic letter with quotations in a
variety of scripts, titles printed in red and black, woodcut printers device
on rst title, woodcut border to second title, woodcut decorations in the
text and on the tables, woodcut illustrations, astrological charts and texts
in large scripts.
oz x zzomm. Second titlepage worn and with a marginal tear; single
round wormhole at the foot of second part, mostly in the margins but
straying into the text and aecting several letters. Some light foxing
and a few minor stains but a good fresh copy.
Binding: Eighteenth-century boards, red sprinkled edges. Worn, front
free endleaf removed.
Provenance: Bookplate of Philip Heinrich Boecler (+;+8+;),
professor of anatomy and surgery at Strasbourg (see Hirsch). Walter
Pagels signature dated +6.
First edition, second issue. Both parts were originally issued at Berlin by
Nikolaus Voltz in +8; here the rst part has a cancelled titlepage with
Gymnichs Cologne imprint. vb+6 T++8o. Sudho, z+. For the rst
issue see Duveen p. ;; Neu (o(z, (o(; Wellcome 6oz, 6o+. For the
rst issue of part I alone see Ferguson II, p. (z and Neville II, p. .
The Magna Alchymia is of a more practical character than the other works [of
Thurneisser] and contains descriptions of preparations of sulphur, salts
including sal urinae, mercury and its compounds, and metals, but includes a
long section on astrology and horoscopes. In it there is mention of a herrliche
Salz from milk which may be milk sugar, but the text is so confused that
nothing can be made of it... It has been said that milk sugar is rst denitely
mentioned by Fabritio Bartoletti in +6+, but he then merely repeats what is
said by Thurneisser. (Partington II, p. +).
The Melitsath is a Paracelsian dictionary with impressive examples of the
printers art... incorporating Greek, Arabic, Syrian, Hebrew and Chaldean
typefaces (DSB).
tz
TREASURE OF POOR MEN
[Three English medical works bound together].
London: +(6.
+. Here begynnethe a newe book of medecines called the
treasure of poore me[n] [Printers initials in woodcut border: N. H.]
London: Nicholas Hill for Thomas Petyt, +(6?
8vo: A
(
zAK
8
(K8), 8 of 8( leaves, . [(] lxxix of lxxx, waN1iNo
1nc iiNaL Lcai oi 1cx1. Blackletter. Title within a woodcut border
(McKerrow and Ferguson ), 6 and (-line woodcut initials. STC
z(zo., ;th of +6 editions from +z6 to +6oo. ESTC S6.
z. [Here begynneth the seynge of urynes]
London: Elizabeth, widow of Robert Redman, +(+?
8vo: AF
8
(A+ and F(8), (z of (8 leaves, waN1iNo 1i1Lc Lcai aNb
Las1 Lcavcs oi 1cx1. Blackletter. Woodcut initials and large capitals,
diagrams of urine asks. Probably STC zz+, th of +z editions from
+z to +;?; probably ESTC S+o(;z.
. [A boke of the propertyes of herbes] [Colophon:] Imprynted at
London in Paules church yearde at the sygne of the maydens head by
Thomas petyt. M.D.XLi.
London: Thomas Petyt, +(+.
8vo: AI
8
K
(
(A8, B+6), 6z of ;6 leaves, waN1iNo 1nc iis1 +(
Lcavcs. Blackletter. Woodcut initial. STC ++;.8, ;th of zo editions
printed from +z to +6;; ESTC S+++6;; No. , Henry +;.
+z x ;8mm. +: headlines in prelims shaved; title heavily soiled;
margins heavily browned; z: clean tear in C8, paper aw in C
aecting a few letters, a few headlines shaved; : Corners of rst two
extant leaves frayed with loss of text and heavily browned; a few
corners rounded; light waterstains but fairly clean and fresh.
Binding: Recent polished calf, tightly bound.
Provenance: Contemporary attribution to Dr Moulton on title of rst
work; about o words of annotation in another hand; names of birds
in a later hand in margins of last work.
A fascinating, if rather imperfect, medical compendium, made up of three
works: a book of medicines; a book of uroscopy; and a herbal. Between them
they form a vade mecum for home diagnosis and treatment. The three books
were probably issued by the same bookseller, Thomas Petyt, and have perhaps
been together from the start. They are linked by the fact that the rst and third
have Petyts imprint, and the second and third are printed in the same type.
This and the annotation suggest that they have been together from an early date
but have been re-arranged in rebinding so that the volume starts with a title-
page and ends with a colophon leaf, and the worst imperfections are internal.
The Herbal is a version of the rst book entirely devoted to herbs to be
printed in England, rst by Richard Banckes in +z. In the next years a
large number of editions was issued by more than ten London printers, of
which zo editions survive with varying texts which have been analysed by F.
R. Johnson. The origin of the text is not known, but it probably derives from
a medieval manuscript.
Popular English medical books of this period are almost always in very poor
condition, where they survive at all: many editions of these texts have probably
been lost altogether. Where they do survive they are almost always rebound,
and if they are composite volumes, the components separated. What is so
interesting about this volume is that three works which complement one
another remain together. The combination gives us an insight into the use of
this elusive genre of medical literature. And the herbal had another use: an
early, but not contemporary, owner has noted the names of birds in the
margins Goulden Bob, Red Linet, Gouldnch, Redstart, and Bull-
nch perhaps birds seen while gathering simples.
For the herbal see Blanche Henrey, British Botanical and Horticultural Literature
before I8oo (+;) I, pp. +z+; F. R. Johnson, A newe herball of Macer and
Banckess herball, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, + (+(() z(66o.
tzq
TYARD, Pontus de (+z++6o)
Mantice, ou, discours de la verit de divination par astrologie. A
lion, par Jan de Tournes et Guil. Gazeau. M. D. LVIII.
Lyon: Jean de Tournes and Guillaume Gazeau, +8.
(to: AB
(
al
(
m
6
(blank m6), 8 leaves, pp. [+6] ; []. Italic letter
with Roman headings and shoulder notes. Title within a woodcut
border and with printers device and woodcut portrait of the author on
verso; woodcut initials and headpieces.
z x +mm. Lower margin of titlepage cut o and restored, slightly
aecting the woodcut border; light soiling, browning and
waterstaining and a few spots.
Binding: Eighteenth-century vellum boards. Rodent damage to corners.
Provenance: Inscription on endleaf +; Di Giaco: Franzo. Walter
Pagels signature, undated, annotated to Bernard E. J Pagel +6(.
First edition. A revised and augmented edition was printed at Paris in
+;, and this was augmented again for the version included in Les
discours philosophiques (Paris, +8;); and nally the authors corrections
were incorporated in the posthumous edition of that collection (Paris
+). Cartier (zz.
A formal dispute on the truth or falsity of astrology. It ends by denying mans
ability to read the stars and insists on his freedom from their inuence.
Pontus de Tyard, seigneur of Bissy in Burgundy, is also known as a French
poet, a member of the Pleiade and one of the rst to write sonnets in French.
In his later years he gave up poetry and devoted himself up to mathematics and
philosophy. Mantice, with other works, was reprinted in his Les discours
philosophiques (+8;).
Kathleen Hall, Pontus de Tyard and his Discours philosophiques (+6); Tyard,
Mantice... edition critique par Madame Sylviane Bokdam (+o).
tz
VALVERDE DE AMUSCO, Juan (c. +zc. +88)
Historia de la composicion del cuerpo humano... Impressa por
Antonio Salamanca, y Antonio Lafrerii, en Roma. An[n]o de
M.D.LVI.
Rome: Antonio Salamanca and Antoine Lafrry, +6.
Folio:
*
6
,
6
, AD
6
, E
(
, F
6
, zF
(
, GM
6
, zM
6
M
8
, N
6
, O
(
, P
6
, zP
(
,
QV
6
, X
(
, Y
8
, ab
6
, c
(
( c(), +;; of +;8 leaves, . [+z], z8, [+o], z
. [+], 6o;o, [], ;z;;, [z], ;88z, [6], 8;, [8], 8+o6, [;].
w++ro +nr raa+++ rr+r a(. Roman letter with Italic table and
shoulder notes, sizes of woodcut historiated initials, a few anatomical
woodcuts; engraved titlepage and (z full-page anatomical engravings.
z8 x +zmm. Title leaf soiled (but the impression still bright), some
light foxing, mostly marginal, several leaves lightly browned. A good
fresh and clean copy with ne impressions of the plates.
Binding: Eighteenth-century vellum boards, mottled red and brown,
red and brown sprinkled edges, later title and date labels.
Provenance: Nicolas de Azora [?], eighteenth-century stamp on
*
z;
Richard Heber (+;;+8) English book-collector, small bookstamp
on rear free endleaf; William Stirling (Stirling Maxwell, +8+8+8;8),
Scottish book collector, historian and art historian with bookplate, and
gilt arms on sides, his pencil notes on front endleaf and his Keir House
Arts of Design bookplate on rear pastedown.
First edition, the only edition in the original Spanish. cbi1+6 cNcc o(z;;
Durling (o; Wellcome 6(;; Cushing VI.D.-z.
The Spanish anatomist, Juan Valverde de Amusco (or Hamusco in older
catalogues) was a student of Realdo Colombo in Padua and spent a number
of years in Italy. This is his best known work, published in Spanish at Rome
in +6, the year after the second edition of Vesalius Fabrica. It is not a simple
plagiarism of Vesalius, as is sometimes stated. The text, for example contains
the rst account of Realdo Colombos discovery of the pulmonary transit.
The plates are derived from Vesalius, but + gures are new, and others are
improved in the anatomical details and artistically they are often very dierent.
An corch has the face of Michelangelo, his ironic self-portrait in the Sistine
Chapel, and some of the torsos wear Roman armour. One of Valverdes
original gures is the ne full-length pregnant woman with the abdominal wall
and peritoneum opened.
The artist was probably the Spaniard Gaspar Becerra (+zo;o) and the
engraver was Nicolas Beatrizet (+o; or ++ c. +6), a Frenchman.
The Spanish edition is very rare and was superseded by an Italian trans-
lation, made under Valverdes supervision in + and frequently reprinted.
This is a very good copy with a distinguished provenance having belonged to
the great English book-collector Richard Heber, and then to William Stirling
Maxwell, before Walter Pagels ownership. The Stirling Maxwell provenance
is signicant because he wrote a number of inuential books on Spain and on
Spanish art and so would have been interested in the plates after drawings by
the Spanish artist Becerra. Pagel, on the other hand, was interested in the book
for what Valverde says about the pulmonary circulation. Valverde tells us, he
writes, that, under the guidance of Realdus Columbus, he had observed that
the pulmonary vein contains nothing but blood which cannot have entered it
from the heart. He also says quite unequivocally at one place that nothing
passes from one ventricle to the other directly.... Pagel goes on to argue that it
is Valverdes text that makes it clear that Colombos discovery was inde-
pendent of the changes made by Vesalius in the second edition of the Fabrica.
(Walter Pagel, William Harveys biological ideas, +6;, pp. +66;).
tz6
VALVERDE DE AMUSCO, Juan (c. +zc. +88)
Anatomia del corpo humano.... in Roma per Ant. Salamanca, et
Antonio lareri. M.D.LX [Colophon:] In vinegia, appresso Nicol
Bevilacqua Trentino.
Rome: Niccol Bevilacqua for Antoine Lafrry, +6o.
Folio: a
6

BC
6
A
(
BzC
6
, +;z leaves, . [+8] +(. Roman and Italic
letter. Engraved title on a+ (no letterpress title). Woodcut historiated
initials. Woodcut anatomical diagrams printed in the margins. (z full-
page engravings printed in the text.
Insertion from a later edition: Oltre le gure ordinarie, OO(,
( leaves, with ( full-page engravings.
oo x +8mm. Engraved titlepage worn and faded, cut close to the
engraving and mounted on a new leaf; multiple wormholes through
the last few leaves aecting text and engravings; several repairs to
blank margins; last gathering washed. Moderate soiling and
waterstaining throughout.
Binding: Eighteenth-century vellum boards, rebacked, new endleaves.
Provenance: Old inscription on verso of last leaf scored through and
another inscription scraped out.
First Italian edition, second issue with the date on the engraved title
altered from + to +6o; with additional plates inserted from a copy
of the second Italian edition, Venice +86 (rst edition, in Spanish,
Rome +6). The rst Latin edition was published at Venice in +8.
cbi1+6 cNcc (8zz+; Adams Vzo; Durling (z; Wellcome 6(;6;
Cushing VI.D.-6.
The Italian translation was made by Antonio Tabo under Valverdes
supervision; the plates are the same as in the Spanish original but some
marginal woodcut diagrams were added. For the second Italian edition,
Venice +86, a portrait of Valverde by Beatrizet was added and four new
muscle plates, presumably also by Beatrizet. This copy of the +6o edition has
these leaves: they have been cut out of a copy of the +86 and inserted at the
end of the muscle section.
tzy
VEGETIUS RENATUS, Publius (. (ooo ab)
Artis veterinariae, sive mulomedicinae libri quatuor V, jam
primum typis in lucem aediti. Opus sane in rebus medicis minime
aspernandum. Basileae [Colophon:] Basileae. Anno. M. D. XXVIII.
Excudebat Joannes Faber Emmeus Juliacensis.
Basle: Johann Faber of Emmich, +z8.
(to: [a]b
(
AS
(
, 8o leaves, . [8] ;z. Italic letter with Roman
headings. Title within a woodcut border made up of ( blocks;
woodcut initials.
+8 x +(8mm. Sig. G formerly detached and page edges browned and
chipped, inner margins strengthened and the gathering fastened in
again; tear in inner margins of last two leaves repaired with loss of
several letters; light browning throughout.
Binding: Recent vellum boards.
Provenance: Inscription (seventeenth-century?) on title Collegii S.
Michaelis and a longer inscription in another hand, perhaps earlier, of
the Bibliothcea Collegii... S Nicolai on the verso of the last leaf.
First edition. A German translation was published in +z, and editions
of the Latin in +;( and +;8+. vb+6 V(68; Adams V(+; Durling (6;
Wellcome 6z(.
The rst work of the Christian era entirely devoted to veterinary medicine and
the rst monograph on the subject to be printed. Publius Vegetius Renatus was
a Roman man of letters who ourished about (ooo ab. He is not to
confused with Flavius Vegetius Renatus, a soldier and author the famous
military textbook. Nor was he a horse trader and farrier as is often stated.
Publius Vegetius had travelled widely and set out to restore veterinary
medicine to the position it held in ancient Greece and to counter the public
indierence to the profession. He stresses the economic benets of veterinary
medicine and says that good hygiene is important as it is better to preserve the
health of horses and cattle than to try to restore it. He says that he has consulted
contemporary veterinarians as well as physicians.
Frederick Smith gives a full analysis of the text in his unpublished The history
of veterinary medicine (+oo, pp. zoo). Having said in his section on Vegetius
that his work, which he calls epoch making, was the rst veterinary work ever
printed, he later corrects this in a footnote (p. (z), saying that veterinary
science was treated by Ruus in a book printed at Venice in +(z and also that
Moul refers to +(th and +th-century works printed as early as +(86 and
others in +(( and +(. None-the-less it seems safe to say that this is the rst
printed monograph on veterinary science.
Frederick Smith, The history of veterinary medicine (+oo), unpublished proof,
Cambridge University Library, Syn.(.+.6.
tz8
VESALIUS, Andreas (++(+6()
De Humani Corporis Fabrica libri septem... Basileae, per
Ioannem Oporinum. [Colophon:] Basileae, ex ocina Joannis Oporini,
anno salutis per Christum partae M D LV. Mense Augusto.
Basle: Johannes Oporinus, +.
Folio: az
6
AV
6
X
z
(X+) YZ
6
zazz
6
zA
8
zBzE
6
, ((o leaves, pp.
[+z] +o( o;z 8z( [z(], plus z inserted leaves with blank
versos as follows: a full sheet signed X and numbered as p. o and a
full sheet following zb, un-paginated, between numbered pages z
and (the half sheet signed Xz has a blank verso and no page
number). Roman letter with Italic headings. Title within a woodcut
border, portrait of Vesalius on a6v, z series of historiated initials,
numerous woodcut anatomical illustrations, printers device on verso
of last leaf (recto blank).
(z; x z;mm. Numerous round worm holes in text and images in the
rst half of the book, about ( holes in the early leaves, gradually
diminishing to a single hole in the middle of the book, the remainder
free of worming except for some marginal holes towards the end;
titlepage soiled and with the wormholes neatly lled on the verso;
folding inserted leaves strengthened in the folds; light soiling and
browning throughout and a few minor stains. Still a fresh copy.
Binding: Contemporary blind stamped pigskin over wooden boards by
Franz Lindener of Wittenberg (Haebler I, pp. z6o6+) incorporating a
roll + x z+mm with initials F. L. dated +( (Haebler describes a
similar, but apparently not identical roll, + x z+mm, also dated
+(). Clasps and catches missing, head of spine chipped, corners
heavily worn. Still an impressive and very solid binding.
Provenance: +. Johannes Thal (+(z+8) of Erfurt, physician and
botanist (see below), with his initials I. T. E., date +68 stamped on the
binding and signature Johan[n]is Thalii on title, and extensive
annotations throughout apparently in his hand; z. a later owner has
written out an extract from Solenanders Consiliorum (+6) on Vesalius
last days; . there is a shelf-mark A.CzO on the title and notes on later
editions of Vesalius on the pastedown.
Second folio edition, third overall (rst edition +(). Cushing VI.A.-;
Adams V6o; Bird; Wellcome 66z; Bird z((.
Perhaps the most famous book in the history of medicine, the foundation of
modern anatomy and physiology. This is an impressive and fascinating copy
of the magisterial second folio edition, larger, and on thicker paper than the
rst edition.
This fascinating copy is heavily annotated, presumably by Johannes Thal
who signed the titlepage and whose initials and the date +68 are stamped on
the binding. The notes demonstrate an unusually close, indeed obsessive
reading of the text. The reception of Vesaliuss work by contemporaries is
currently much discussed by historians and this is a valuable example of one
readers response to the text. Johannes Thal was the son of a protestant pastor
and was educated at the monastery of Ilfeld under Michael Neander. He
studied medicine at Jena and practiced as a physician, rst at Stendal, then as
town physician at Stolberg and nally at Nordhausen. He died at the age of (+
after a riding accident while on a visit to a patient. He is principally remem-
bered as a botanist and the author of Sylva Hercynia, sivi, Catalogus plantarum
sponte nascentium in montibus, et locis vicinis Hercyniae, published posthumously
by Camerarius in +88. His name is remembered in the Linnaean genus
Thalia, the alligator-ags.
tz
VITRUVIUS POLLIO. Edited by Walter Hermann RYFF (d. +(8)
De architectura libri decem ad Augustum Caesarem acuratiss.
conscripti: nunc primum in Germania qua potuit diligentia excuis,
atq[ue] hinc inde schema tibus non iniucundis exornati. * Adiecimus
etiam propter argumenti conformatatem, sexti Iulii Frontini de
aquaeductibus urbis Romae, libellum. Item ex libro Nicolai Cusani
Card. De staticis experimentis, fragmentum. Cum indice copiosissimo,
& dispositione longe meliori, qamantea. Argentorati in ocina
Knoblochiana per Georgium Machaeropioeum. Anno M. D. XLIII.
Strasbourg: Johann Knoblouch the younger for Georg Messerschmidt,
+(.
(to:
*
(

*
a
*
d
(

*
e
6
AzH
(
zI
6

(

6
, +8z leaves, pp. [z] z6z (i.e.
z6o, ;8 omitted) [z]. Italic letter with Roman headings. Woodcut
initials and numerous woodcut illustrations.
+z x +z6mm. Titlepage and rst few leaves soiled and with short
marginal tears; marginal waterstains in the rst quarter of the book
and the last few leaves, quite heavy in the early pages but then
unimportant. Otherwise a good clean and fresh copy.
Binding: Seventeenth-century blind ruled English calf, red page edges.
Spine rubbed and headcap torn.
Provenance: Two inscriptions on second free endleaf, the rst largely
obliterated but dated +66, the other Guliellm. hythall [+6?]68;
another inscription on the rst free endleaf torn away; Hopetoun
House bookplate: the great Hopetoun library was sold at Sothebys
zz8 February, +88 by John Adrian Louis Hope, ;th earl of
Hopetoun (+86o+o8), the books having been collected by successive
generations of the Hope family starting with Sir James Hope (d. +66+),
Governor of the Scottish Mint (Bernard Quaritch, Contributions
towards a Dictionary of English Book-Collectors, reprint +6, p. +8).
First edition printed in Germany, second issue without Rys name on
the title and the address to the reader (rst edition, Rome +(86 or ;).
Knoblouch published another edition with the same contents in +o.
vb+6 V+;6; Adams Vo6; Berlin +8o6; Cicognara ;o;; Fowler (o+;
Ritter z(z(; Muller p. ((o Messerschmidt +o.
The fundamental handbook of classical architecture and engineering. It is the
only Roman work inspired by Greek architecture and the main source for the
many lost Greek texts on architecture.
This edition was edited by the physician Walther Hermann Ry who went
on to produce the rst German translation, published at Nuremberg in +(8.
In the latter he skillfully won himself a readership scarcely familiar even with
such terms as architect and architecture (Kruft p. ;+). The Latin text is
based on that prepared by Fra Giocondo for the Venice +++ and later editions
and the illustrations are reduced copies of the woodcuts in Italian translation
(folio, Como +z+).
Included in this edition are two other works: Sextus Julius Frontinus, De
aquaeductibus urbis Romae which had been included in editions of Vitruvius
since the Venice edition of +(6; and Nicolas of Cusa, De staticis experimentis,
not included in earlier editions, which refers to Vitruvius (it is printed in
Nicolass Opera of ++(, see no. ;6 above, xciv
v
xcviii
v
but not published
separately).
It is not clear why Rys name was suppressed in this issue where the words
per Gualtherum H. Ry argentinum, medicum on the titlepage are replaced
by an asterisk. The address to the reader is by the publisher, Georg Messer-
schmidt, and does not mention Rys name. There is a copy of the rst issue at
the Getty Research Institute, but most copies seem to be of the second issue.
Hanno-Walter Kruft, A history of Architectural theory from Vitruvius to the present
(+().
to
WIDMANN, Johann (+((o+z()
Tractatus de balneis thermarum ferinarum (vulgo Wildbaden)
perutilis balneari volentibus ibidem. [Colophon:] Impressum Tubinge
per Thomam Anshelmum Anno [et]c.xiii.
Tbingen: Thomas Anshelm, ++.
(to, A
(
B
6
(blank B6), +o unnumbered leaves. Gothic letter.
+z x +omm. A ne fresh copy.
Binding: Recent boards.
Provenance: Booksellers ticket of Rappaport, Rome.
First edition. vb+6 Wz(8;.
A short pamphlet on the hot springs of Wildbad in the Black Forest. Other
works by Johannes Widmann, called Meichinger, include De pestilentia
(Tbingen, +o+) and Tractatus de pustulis, sive mal franzos (Strasbourg, +(;);
he is not to be confused with Johannes Widmann of Eger (c. +(6oc.+oo),
author of an arithmetic book, Rechnung auf allen Kaufmannschaft (Leipzig,
+(8).
Roger Gaskell
Warboys, Cambridgeshire
Designed by Kitzinger, London
Printed by Henry Ling, Dorchester
March :oo
To come:
Part II: Books printed after 1600