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ACRYLIC ACID
THE INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS PRESENTED HEREIN ARE BASED ON SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. CRC MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ON ITS COMPLETENESS OR ACCURACY. IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL'S SUITABILITY FOR ITS INTENDED USE, THE CHEMICAL'S SAFE USE, AND THE CHEMICAL'S PROPER DISPOSAL. NO REPRESENTATIONS AND/OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE, ARE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS MSDS OR TO THE CHEMICAL TO WHICH INFORMATION MAY REFER. CRC NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT, ANY OTHER ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON, THIS INFORMATION.
COLOR CODING
HEALTH = BLUE FIRE = RED REACTIVITY = YELLOW OTHER = WHITE
OTHER CODES
OX = Oxidizer ACID = Acid ALK = Alkali COR = Corrosive W = Use No Water
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Characterization
ACID
Acid, Carboxylic
DOT Proper Shipping Name
U008
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Number DOT Emergency Guide Code
Acrylic Acid
DOT Hazard Class and Label Requirements
UN 2218
Synonyms
C 3H4O2
Acroleic acid; propenpoic acid; glacial acrylic acid; ethylenecarboxylic acid; vinylformic acid.
Acrylic acid
(derivation: Through condensation of ethylene oxide with drocyanic acid followed by reaction sulfuric acid at 320F; acetylene, CO, water, with nickel catalyst).
1.05
Molecular Weight
72.10
Melting Point
55F (13C)
Very miscible. Also miscible with benzene, chloroform, alcohol, ether, acetone, and organic solvents. Colorless liquid with an acrid odor. Odor threshold = <1 ppm.
LEL: 2.4%
Autoignition Temperature
UEL: 8%
774F (360C)
Extinguishing Media
Wear full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Use water spray to flush and dilute a spill and to disperse the vapors. Also, use a water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Poisonous gases are produced in fire.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
Potentially explosive reaction with strong oxidizing compounds, especially at elevated temperatures. Containers may explode in fire. Firefighters should avoid contact with vapors produced during fire.
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Stability
Stable Unstable
Reacts with strong oxidizers. Contact in a closed container can cause rupture of the container. A serious fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. It is corrosive to many materials.
Incompatibility (materials to avoid)
X
Hazardous Polymerization
May Occur Will Not Occur
Strong oxidizers, amines, alkalis, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, 2-aminoethanol. Reactions to amines, imines, and oleum are exothermic, not violent.
Conditions to Avoid
In the presence of a catalyst or at an elevated temperature, polymerization rate may accelerate, causing an explosion. Acrylic acid may readily polymerize at room temperatures.
Hazardous Decomposition or By-products
When heated to decomposition, acrylic acid can emit highly toxic/poisonous gases.
INHALATION: Extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system. Inhaled vapors may be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. ABSORPTION: Skin contact can result in burns. Can cause severe eye burns and/or irritation. Absorbed acrylic acid is rapidly metabolized as a short chain fatty acid. Possible skin sensitizer. INGESTION:
Carcinogenicity
No
Group 3
No Specific Listing
Respiratory impairments (bronchitis, asthma); Skin conditions (dermatitis); Renal or liver disorders. Eye contact: Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes (minimum), seek medical attention. Skin contact: Remove all contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical assistance. For inhalation: Remove the person from exposure. Provide respiratory assistance and CPR. Transfer to medical facility. If swallowed, seek medical attention.
Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Restrict those not involved in cleanup from entering area. Notify appropriate authorities, as required by SARA III, if applicable.
Preferred Waste Disposal Method
Acrylic acid is a combustible liquid. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers such as chlorine since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in cool, well-ventilated area away from heat.
Other Precautions and Warnings
Sources of ignition are prohibited where acrylic acid is used, handled, or stored. Storing acrylic acid at temperatures at or below 57F (13.9C), the explosion hazard is significantly reduced.
When potential for exposures above 10 ppm exist, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with full facepiece, hood, or helmet in continuous flow mode, or use a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Use half-mask respirator with acid cartridge for low or transient exposures (cartridge should be designed to protect against acid vapor or mist).
Ventilation
Rubber Apron
Always wash hands thoroughly after using chemical; never bring food, drink, or smoking materials into vicinity of chemicals.
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ACRYLIC ACID
C3H4O2 CAS: 79-10-7
CH2
CH
C O
OH
2 3
ACID
CNS:
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then chemical goggles should be worn to protect the eyes. For low concentrations (below 10 ppm), an acid gas cartridge respirator (equipped with a mist/vapor filter) is acceptable protection. Whenever a chemical splash hazard exists, a face shield and a rubber apron should be worn. To prevent hand and skin exposures, acid resistant gloves should be worn. Administrative controls should also be in place to minimize the potential for human exposures. These may include written procedures or policies which specify the methods and techniques that will be practiced whenever personnel are to work with acrylic acid. All personnel should receive training on the use, hazards, protective measures, emergency actions, and other precautions per 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Hazard Communication), prior to the first assignment in an area where acrylic acid is used or stored. Other methods to reduce exposure include:
with oxidizing agents and contact can cause fire or explosion. These characteristics require special consideration during any emergency situation involving a leak or spill of acrylic acid. Should acrylic acid ever come into contact with incompatible substances such as oxidizers, amines, alkalis, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethylene diamine, or ethyleneimine either during use, transportation, or storage, the formation of highly toxic and/or highly explosive commodities is extremely possible. The proper disposal/destruction method for acrylic acid waste is to burn it in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and air scrubber. Acrylic acid can enter the environment mainly industrial discharges or spills.
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Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respiratory protection should be mandatory. Always ensure that proper protective clothing is worn when using chemical substances and that personnel are trained in its use, care, and maintenance. Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to acrylic acid and at the end of the work shift or before eating, drinking, or smoking. Hazard warning information should be posted in the work area. In addition, as part of an on-going education and training program, all information on the health and safety hazards of acrylic acid should be communicated to all exposed and potentially exposed workers.
6 Water Solubility
Acrylic acid is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water.
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Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to dispose of acrylic acid as a hazardous waste. The responsible state agency or the regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should be contacted for specific recommendations.
REFERENCES
Ahlbom, A. 1993. Biostatistics for Epidemiologists. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1988. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 5th Edition (with updates). Cincinnati: ACGIH Asante-Duah, D. K. 1993. Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Bloom, A. D. and F. J. DeSerres. 1995. Ecotoxicity and Human Health. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Brusick, D. J. 1994. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Bueche, J. R. 1972. McGraw-Hill. Principles of Physics, 2nd Edition. New York:
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Restrict persons not wearing protective clothing from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources.
Burrell, R., D. K. Flaherty, and Leonard J. Sauers. 1992. Toxicology of the Immune System. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
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Mellstrm, G. A., J. E. Wahlberg, and H. I. Maibach. 1994. Protective Gloves for Occupational Use. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Meyer, E. 1990. Chemistry of Hazardous Materials. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Mycock, J. C., J. D. McKenna, and L. Theodore. 1995. Handbook of Air Pollution Control Engineering and Technology. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Nelson, G. O. 1992. Gas Mixtures. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Ott, W. R. 1995. Environmental Statistics and Data Analysis. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Patnaik, P. 1992. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Philp, R. B. 1995. Environmental Hazards and Human Health. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Proctor, N. H., J. P. Hughes. 1991. Chemical Hazards of the Workplace. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Quigley, D. R. 1994. Handbook of Emergency Chemical Management. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Rea, W. J. 1995. Chemical Sensitivity, Vol. I-III. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Richardson, M. 1995. Dictionary of Substance and Their Effects, Vol. I-VI. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Rylander, R., R. R. Jacobs. 1994. Organic Dusts. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Sacarello, H. L. A. 1994. The Comprehensive Handbook of Hazardous Materials. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Sheftel, V. O. 1995. Handbook of Toxic Properties of Monomers and Additives. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. Sherman, J. D. 1988. Chemical Exposure and Disease. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Talbott, E., G. Craun. 1995. An Introduction to Environmental Epidemiology. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers. The Merck Index, 10th edition. 1983. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Company. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1980. Acrylic Acid. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1994. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Witorsch, P. and S. V. Spagnolo. 1994. Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults. New York: CRC Press/Lewis Publishers.