Wisdom from The Quran

MKCL
eLearning Revolution for All
Wisdom from The Quran In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate

ARABIA

Ref Surah Al-Humazah Shared by Mr. Yousuf Ali

Estd 25th Oct 2010

Date:5h Dec 2011, Issue: 13th Issue, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

News Letter News Letter

Woe to every fault-finding backbiter; who amasses wealth and counts it over and again, He think that his wealth will immortalize him forever. Nay, he shall be thrown into the Crusher. And what do you know what the Crusher is? It is the Fire kindled by Allah, the Fire that shall rise to the hearts (of criminals). Verily it will close in upon them, in outstretched columns.
English Translation of Surah Al-Humazah

More than 10000 Students appeared for English online Exam.

The Dean of the Preparatory Year program Dr Abdul Aziz Al Othaman and Vice Dean (Academic) Dr Abdul Majid Al Banayan decided to switch to online examination for English Language for the midterm examination for the year 2011. The examination was scheduled in the month of November and more than 11000 students had registered in PY. The evaluation process started for the vendors but MKCL Arabia was already conducting online examination of IT Skills in the preparatory year for more than one year and had experience of conducting examination of 6.4 million learners in India, was given the responsibility.

PROBABLY FIRST TIME IN THE HISTORY OF SAUDI ARABIA THE ONLINE EXAMINATION OF 10000+ STUDENTS WAS CONDUCTED OVER THE TWO DAYS IN ANY UNIVERSITY OF THE KINGDOM!!!

Project Head

Success Story
MKCL Arabia conducted online . English Exam for preparatory year in KSU first time. More z than ten thousand students appeared for the exam. This is a splendid achievement by the MKCL as it was the unique program held first time in kingdom by any university .All the employees worked like the brick of the wall .Teamwork demonstrated by all employees was amazing. We hope that this collaboration will always reveal whenever

Dr Abdulmajeed Albanyan Vice Dean Academics, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Saud University Committee Members Dr. Adil Askar, Project Manager Dr Abdallah Baniadelrahman, Chair, English Department Mr. Sameer Pande, MKCL Arabia Ltd. Mr Aqeel Shaikh, IT Skills Department Mr Umesh Mathew, MKCL Arabia Ltd Ms. Khadijah, English Department Mr Mohammad Khair, Examination Department Mr Hamzeh Al Rajoub, IT Infrastructure Department Dr. Walid Sawaftah, Planning and Program Coordinator Dr Mkclarabia Newsletter Abdussalm, Examination Department

our organization required.

MKCL Arabia welcomes newly joined employees

Inside Stories Page 2: Father of Modern Management and Administration. Page4: Techno update Page 3, 5-10: MKCL Arabian Speak
Name: SHOBI IMRAN Qualification: MCA Place: Baduan, UP, IND. Name: S. MUSTHAK ALI Qualification: MCA Place: TIRUPPUR, TN, IND. Name: MAHAMMA D YUSUF Qualificatio n: MCA Place: HUBLI, IND.

Name: Ahmar Adil Qualification: MCA, MBA. Place: Gaya , Bihar, IND.

Name: Tanveer Ahmad Qualification: MCA Place: Srinagar, J&K, IND.

Please join us in welcoming and wishing them good luck for a long and rewarding career at MKCL Arabia.

Founding Father Of Modern Administration And Management

Some of you may know the book The 100 ranking of the most influential Persons in history, written by Michael Hart. In his book Michael Hart, a University professor, ranked popular people from history according to their importance to mankind, based on their achievements. No surprise, Ranked number one, the most important person in the history of all mankind is the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh); but just a few people know that there is another Muslim within the top 100. Umar Al Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), the second caliph of the Muslim Ummah, is also named one of the top performers of mankind, as we would say today! He was the only Muslim besides the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to be chosen as one of the most influential people of all times and he was chosen since he is considered by many management scholars as the founding father of modern administration and management. Now, this comes as a surprise. Not one of the gurus of the modern business world was chosen, but a companion of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) as the founding father of modern management. Umar Al Kattab shaped the Islamic Empire that was about to evolve. Under his rule Iraq and Persia were conquered as well as Egypt and other parts of North Africa. Syria, Palestine and Lebanon were included into the Empire; Jerusalem was conquered and experienced a long lasting period of religious tolerance! He ordered the building of new cities like Al-Kufa and Al-Basra, which are located in nowadays Iraq. The organization of the Islamic Empire into states and provinces was done according to his orders. It is important to know that these states and provinces still exist today in pretty much the same boundaries even after 1400 years. Umar Al Khattab established new institutions such as police, prisons, and the office of complaints, where complaints from the public were received and investigated. He introduced an independent tax collection agency, a postal service and adopted a new calendar, staring from the date of Hijra, the one we still use today in the Muslim world. That is a long list and one would think that he must have reigned for a hundred years to achieve all this, but as a matter of fact he was caliph for only 10 years! How can a single person accomplish all this within just 10 years? What is the secret behind his success? Lets listen to his Khutbah he gave in Medina, after the conquest of Jerusalem: Fear Allah and whatever you want seek from Him. All men are equal. Do not flatter those in authority. Do not seek favors from others. By such acts you demean yourself. And remember that you will get only that is ordained for you, and no one can give you anything against the will of God. Then why seek things from others over which they have no control? Only supplicate God for He alone is the sovereign. And speak the truth. Do not hesitate to say what you consider to be the truth. Say what you feel. Let your conscience be your guide. Let your intentions be good, for verily God is aware of your intentions. In your deeds your intentions count. Fear God, and fear no one else. Why fear others when you know that whatever sustenance ordained for you by God you will get under all circumstances? And again why fear when you know that death is ordained by God alone and will come only when He wills? Allah has for the time being made me your ruler. But I am one of you. No special privileges belong to ruler. I have some responsibilities to discharge, and in this I seek your cooperation. Government is a sacred trust, and it is my endeavor not to betray the trust in any way. For the fulfillment of the trust I have to be a watchman. I have to be strict. I have to enforce discipline. I have to run the administration not on the basis of personal favors; I have to run it in public interest and for promoting the public good. For this we have the guidance in the Book of God. Whatever orders I issue in the course of day to day administration have to conform to the Quran. God has favored us with Islam. He sent to us His Messenger (Muhammad, pbuh). He has chosen us for a mission. Let us fulfill that mission. That mission is the promotion of Islam. In Islam lies our safety; if we fail we are doomed. Not only Umar Al Khatab but also the first Muslims were following these very simple rules, based on the teachings of Islam, and it was the secret behind the success of the first Muslims, the best generation ever raised for mankind. Actions based on Taqwa, on fear of Allah and on the expectation of the reward of Allah! Management and leadership based on the commands of Allah (s.t.) and the best interest of society, leadership executed in the full knowledge that he is responsible to Allah (s.t.)! As a Muslim I cannot look up to one of these modern tycoons, whose actions are based on acquiring more and more, on personal profit maximization, but I have to look up to Umar Al Khattab as the true raw model for managers, whose actions were based on seeking the pleasure of Allah by serving the community! For him (r.) profit maximization was also the driving force for his actions, but his profit was with Allah!

His Sermon
O you people, I counsel you to read the Quran. Try to understand it and ponder over it. Accept the teachings of the Quran. Then practice what the Quran teaches. The Quran is not theoretical; it is a practical code of life. The Quran does not bring you the message of the Hereafter only; it is primarily intended to guide you in this life. Mold your life in accordance with the teachings of Islam for that is the way of your well-being. By following any other way you will be inviting destruction.

Source: http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=20111125112726

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www.mkcl-arabia.com, info@mkclarabia.com, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

MKCL Arabian Speak Top 5 Mistakes English Learners Make

Article Shared by: Siddiqui Anjum Taqui Ahmed

What are the most common mistakes that English learners make? Which mistakes do most English learners need to correct, in order to learn English much faster? Here are the top 5 English Learning Mistakes:

1. Focusing On Grammar
This is the biggest, most common, and worst mistake. Research shows that grammar study, in fact, actually hurts English speaking ability. Why? Because English grammar is simply too complex to memorize and use logically.... and real conversation is much too fast. You don't have enough time to think, remember hundreds or thousands of grammar rules, choose the correct one, then use it. Your logical left-brain cannot do it. You must learn grammar intuitively and unconsciously, like a child. You do this by hearing a lot of correct English grammar- and your brain gradually and automatically learns to use English grammar correctly. 2. Forcing Speech Both English students and teachers try to force speech before the learner is ready. The result is that most students speak English very slowly- with no confidence and no fluency. Forcing speech is a huge mistake. Don't force speech. Focus on listening and be patient. Speak only when you are ready to speak- when it happens easily and naturally. Until then, never force it. 3. Learning Only Formal Textbook English Unfortunately, most English students learn only the formal English found in textbooks and schools. The problem is- native speakers don't use that kind of English in most situations. When speaking to friends, family, or co-workers, native speakers use casual English that is full of idioms, phrasal verbs, and slang. To

communicate with native speakers, you must not rely only on textbooks. You must learn casual English. 4. Trying To Be Perfect Students and teachers often focus on mistakes. They worry about mistakes. They correct mistakes. They feel nervous about mistakes. They try to speak perfectly. No one, however, is perfect. Native speakers make mistakes all the time. You will too. Instead of focusing on the negative- focus on communication. Your goal is not to speak "perfectly", your goal is to communicate ideas, information, and feelings in a clear and understandable way. Focus on communication, focus on the positive. You will automatically improve your mistakes in time 5. Relying On English Schools Most English learners rely totally on schools. They think the teacher and the school are responsible for their success. This is never true. You, the English learner, are always responsible. A good teacher can help, but ultimately you must be responsible for your own learning. You must find lessons and material that are effective. You must listen and read every day. You must manage your emotions and remain motivated and energetic. You must be positive and optimistic. No teacher can make you learn. Only you can do it! While these mistakes are very common, the good news is that you can correct them. When you stop making these mistakes, you change the way you learn English. You learn faster. Your speaking improves. You enjoy learning English.

Yeh Ishq hai aisi bimari Jiski hai na koi dawai Jisko bhi ho gayi hai bimari Aati nahin hai neend use raat saari Jab se didaar hui aapke hamein Bas gaye aap hamare khayalon main Aisi kya gehrayi hai unke aakhon main Itna bhi mat tadh paiye hamein Aisa na ho hamara naam shamil ho jaaye duniya ke har ek paagal khaano main Unke aakhon main to doob jaane ko dil karta hai Jab se dekha hai maine aapko Aati nahin hai neend hamein raat ko Aisa kya jaadu kar daala aapne hum par Hum to ji rahe hain ab to sirf naam ko Unke aakhon main kho jaane ko dil karta hai Jab bhi dekhta hoon unke chehre ki muskurahat lagta hai woh hai sirf mere liye Ab aage kya kahoon Lagta hai woh bani hai sirf mere liye Jab bhi dekhta hoon unke aakhon ko dikhta hai pyaar sirf mere liye By Syed Amjadullah Hussaini

Techno Update
Eye-Tracking Computer Interface
Teenage Honduran builds open source eye -tracking computer interface Tracking eyeball movements is far from a new science - in fact, people have been studying eye movements for more than 130 years. Early on, the main focus was on understanding how the process of reading works - the way the eyes skip and dart across rows of text to take in written information. Congratulations, you're now aware that your eyes are jumping from word to phrase to word as you read this article! While eyeball tracking used to be achieved using painstaking manual mapping of direct observations, more recent technologies have made it much easier and more precise. High-tech contact lenses, for example, can now be used to map and record eye movement to provide data that's used in everything from driver training to sports development to gaming, virtual reality and medical research. Still, the dominant commercial application by far is in advertising and usability - working out how different designs steer the eye towards a final goal most effectively. But for people with certain motor disabilities, particularly those who don't have good control over their hands or voices, eye tracking can take on a much more important role, as a hands-free computer interface that can be a fantastic aid to communication, and a much easier alternative than the head wand or mouth stick, which are used to tap on a keyboard. Unfortunately, eyeball tracking computer interfaces have proven to be quite expensive on the market - anywhere from several thousand to more than US$10,000 when combined with software. This puts them out of reach of many affected people, particularly in developing countries where that sort of money could represent several years of average earnings. And that's where 18-year-old Honduran high school student Luis Cruz is stepping in. Two years ago, Cruz indulged his love of electronics and software tinkering by building a video game system - but in the last 12 months he's turned his focus to far less teenage pursuits. Cruz has spent the last year building and developing an eye tracking computer interface that works on the principles of electrooculography - that
Article Shared by Mohammed Amjad

is, measuring the resting potential of the retina using electrodes placed just beside the eyes. As it turns out, the human eye is polarized - the front of the eye carries a positive charge and the rear of the eye has a group of negatively charged nerves attached to the retina. So when the eye is moved, you can use electrodes to measure the change in the dipole potential of the eye through the skin. It's a fairly lo-fi input - it doesn't track eye movements with anywhere near the accuracy of a high tech contact lens or video tracking system - but on the other hand, it's extremely cheap, and so un invasive that Cruz has managed to mount the electrodes in a pair of sunglasses. And it's good enough at tracking macro eye movements to allow the next phase of the project: the computer interface software. Although Cruz's sensor glasses can only track horizontal eye movements at this stage, he's developed a piece of software that takes those inputs and uses them to choose letters in a grid, so that users can type entire words using just their eye motions. The Eye board system is still in a fairly embryonic state at this stage, but Cruz believes the hardware can be produced cheaply - as in, his prototypes cost somewhere between US$200-300 for a set of glasses - and he's releasing the software as open source to enable quicker development of tools like autocomplete which will make users' communication even quicker and more fluid. Here's a little more about the effectiveness of electrooculography in computer interfaces. Clearly, this is a kid with some serious drive - check out his technical documentation for a closer look at the project. If anyone feels like giving Cruz a helping hand, he's looking for PayPal donations to help him towards a college education in America. Given how much he's achieved in Honduras at such a young age, his potential and motivation is clear, even if his home country doesn't afford a lot of opportunities. We wish Cruz the best of luck and hope to see the Eye board project develop into something that can help the disabled community in Honduras and around the world.

What were YOU doing when you were 17?

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MKCL Arabian Speak

Article Shared by : Mr Vijay Kumar Tripathi

Continue article from previous . . .

Learning and Teaching Information Technology

TECHNOLOGY SKILLS FOR INFORMATION PROBLEM SOLVING 1. TASK DEFINITION
The first part in the information problem-solving process involves recognizing that an information need exists, defining the problem, and identifying the types and amount of information needed. In terms of technology, students will be able to: a) Communicate with teachers regarding assignments, tasks, and information problems using e-mail; online discussions (e.g. Threaded Web-based discussions, newsgroups); real-time communications (e.g., instant messaging services, chat rooms, IP telephony); desktop teleconferencing; and groupware on the Internet, intranets, and local area networks. b) Generate topics, define problems, and facilitate cooperative activities among groups of students locally and globally using e-mail, online discussions, real-time communications, desktop teleconferencing, and groupware on the Internet and local area networks. c) Generate topics, define problems, and facilitate cooperative activities with subject area experts locally and globally using e-mail, online discussions, realtime communications, desktop teleconferencing, and groupware on the Internet and local area networks. d) Define or refine the information problem using computerized graphic organization, brainstorming or idea generating software. This includes developing a research question or perspective on a topic.

e)

f)

g)

Assess the value of e-mail, online discussions, realtime communications, desktop teleconferencing, and groupware on the Internet and local area networks as part of a search of the current literature or in relation to the information task. Use a computer to generate modifiable flow charts, time lines, organizational charts, project plans (such as Gantt charts), and calendars which will help the student plan and organize complex or group information problem-solving tasks. Use handheld devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), electronic slates or tablet PCs to track contacts and create to-do lists and schedules.

3. LOCATION AND ACCESS

After students determine their priorities for information seeking, they must locate information from a variety of resources and access specific information found within individual resources. Students will be able to: a) Locate and use appropriate computer resources and technologies available within the school library media center, including those on the library media center's local area network (e.g., online catalogues, periodical indexes, full-text sources, multimedia computer stations, CD-ROM stations, online terminals, scanners, digital cameras). b) Locate and use appropriate computer resources and technologies available throughout the school including those available through intranets or local area networks (e.g., full-text resources, CD-ROMs, productivity software, scanners, digital cameras). c) Locate and use appropriate computer resources and technologies available beyond the school through the Internet (e.g., newsgroups, listservs, WWW sites, ftp sites, online public access library catalogues, commercial databases and online services, and other community, academic, and government resources). d) Know the roles and computer expertise of the people working in the school library media center and elsewhere who might provide information or assistance. e) Use electronic reference materials (e.g., electronic encyclopaedias, dictionaries, biographical reference sources, atlases, geographic databanks, thesauri, almanacs, fact books) available through intranets or local area networks, stand-alone workstations, commercial online vendors, or the Internet. f) Use the Internet or commercial computer networks to contact experts and help and referral services. g) Conduct self-initiated electronic surveys through email, listservs, newsgroups and online data collection tools. h) Use organizational systems and tools specific to electronic information sources that assist in finding specific and general information (e.g., indexes, tables of contents, user's instructions and manuals, legends, boldface and italics, graphic clues and icons, cross-

2. INFORMATION SEEKING STRATEGIES

Once the information problem has been formulated, the student must consider all possible information sources and develop a plan for searching. Students will be able to: a) Assess the value of various types of electronic resources for data gathering, including databases, CDROM resources, commercial and Internet online resources, electronic reference works, community and government information electronic resources. b) Assess the need for and value of primary resources including interviews, surveys, experiments, and documents that are accessible through electronic means. c) Identify and apply specific criteria for evaluating computerized electronic resources. d) Identify and apply specific criteria for constructing meaningful original data gathering tools such as online surveys, electronic interviews, or scientific data gathering tools such as probes, meters, and timers.

references, Boolean logic strategies, time lines, hypertext links, knowledge trees, URLs, etc.) including the use of: a. Search tools and commands for stand-alone, CDROM, networked or Web-based online databases and services; b. Search tools and commands for searching the Internet, such as search engines, meta search tools, bots, directories, jump pages, and specialized resources such as those that search the Invisible Web; c. Specialized sites and search tool commands that limit searches by date, location, format, and collection of evaluated sites or other criteria.

g)

h)

i)

j)

k)

4. USE OF INFORMATION
After finding potentially useful resources, students must engage (read, view, listen) the information to determine its relevance and then extract the relevant information. Students will be able to: a) Connect and operate the computer technology needed to access information, and read the guides and manuals associated with such tasks. b) Know and be able to use the software and hardware needed to view, download, decompress and open documents, files, and programs from Internet sites and archives. c) Copy and paste information from an electronic source into a personal document complete with proper citation. d) Take notes and outline with a word processor, database, presentation or similar productivity program. e) Record electronic sources of information and locations of those sources in order to properly cite and credit sources in footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. f) Use electronic spread sheets, databases, and statistical software to process and analyse statistical data. g) Analyse and filter electronic information in relation to the task, rejecting information that is not relevant. h) Save and backup data gathered to secure locations (floppy disk, personal hard drive space, RW-CD, online storage, flash memory, etc.)

l)

Use presentation software to create electronic slide shows and to generate overhead transparencies and slides. Create and use projection devices to show hypermedia and multimedia productions with digital video, audio and links to HTML documents or other programs. Convert presentations for display as Web pages. Create Web pages and sites using hypertext mark-up language (HTML) in a text document or using Web page creation tools and know the procedure for having these pages loaded to a Web server. Use e-mail, ftp, groupware, and other telecommunications capabilities to publish the results of the information problem-solving activity. Use specialized computer applications as appropriate for specific tasks, e.g., music composition software, computer-assisted drawing and drafting programs, mathematics modelling software, scientific measurement instruments, etc. Properly cite and credit electronic sources (text, graphics, sound and video) of information within the product as well as in footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies.

6. EVALUATION
Evaluation focuses on how well the final product meets the original task (effectiveness) and the process of how well students carried out the information problem-solving process (efficiency). Students may evaluate their own work and process or be evaluated by others (i.e., classmates, teachers, library media staff, parents). Students will be able to: a) Evaluate electronic presentations in terms of the content and format and design self-assessment tools to help them evaluate their own work for both content and format. b) Use spell and grammar checking capabilities of word processing and other software to edit and revise their work. c) Apply legal principles and ethical conduct related to information technology related to copyright and plagiarism. d) Understand and abide by telecomputing etiquette when using e-mail, newsgroups, listservs and other Internet functions. e) Understand and abide by acceptable use policies and other school rules in relation to use of the Internet and other electronic technologies. f) Use e-mail, real-time communications (e.g., listservs, newsgroups, instant messaging services, chat rooms, IP telephony) desktop teleconferencing, and groupware on the Internet and local area networks to communicate with teachers and others regarding their performance on assignments, tasks, and information problems. g) Thoughtfully reflect on the use of electronic resources and tools throughout the process.

5. SYNTHESIS
Students must organize and communicate the results of the information problem-solving effort. Students will be able to: a) Classify and group information using a word processor, database or spread sheet. b) Use word processing and desktop publishing software to create printed documents, applying keyboard skills equivalent to at least twice the rate of handwriting speed. c) Create and use computer-generated graphics and art in various print and electronic presentations. d) Use electronic spread sheet software to create original spread sheets. e) Generate charts, tables and graphs using electronic spread sheets and other graphing programs. f) Use database software to create original databases.

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Historical Milestones in the Development of Computers

Article Shared by : Shaikh Shakil

Early Ages
Sr. No.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

Historical Milestone Carving notches on bones for counting purpose began around Place value number systems started from Invention of Abacus, first known counting device Use of Zero and negative numbers started around Distant Past Inventions The first self-striking water clock Leonardo da Vincis mechanical calculator Seventh (17th) Century Developments John Napiers Bones (A set of 11 rods carved with numbers used for simplifying multiplication purpose) William Oughtreds Slide Rule (A set of two or more rulers that slide upon other used for division and multiplications aids) Wilhemm Schickards mechanical calculator Blaise Pascals Arithmetic Machine La Pascaline (A mechanical way of adding numbers by dialing wheels) Gottfried von Leibnizs Stepped Reckoner (Improvement on Pascaline that could perform multiplications and divisions too) Eighteenth (18th ) Century Development The first English Typewriter patent Colmars Arithmometer Nineteenth (19th ) Century Development Joseph Jacquards Punched Cards (Used to automate weaving patterns in looms) Charles Babbages Difference Engine The first American Typewriter patent Charles Babbages Analytical Engine George and Edward Scheutzs Difference Engine Samuel Morses Invention of electric telegraph The first programmer Augusta suggested Binary Storage George Bools Boolean Algebra Sir Charles Wheatstones use of paper tape to store data The first commercial typewriter George Bernard Grants Difference Engine Charles Pierce links Boolean Algebra to circuits based on switches Dr. Herman Holleriths Tabulating Machine

Approximate Date 30,000 to 20,000 BC 8500 BC 1000 to 500 BC 300 600 BC 1434 AD 1500 1614 1621 1625 1640 1670

1714 1785 1800 1822 1829 1830 1834 1837 1840 1847 1857 1867 1867 1886 1890

Twentieth (20th) Century Development

Sr. No. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Historical Milestone John Ambrose Flemings invention of Vacuum Tubes The first tele printers Lee de Forests invention of Triode Patent for semiconductor transistor The Dvorak keyboard Alan Turings Turing Machine Approximate Date 1900 1902 1906 1926 1936 1937 Sr. No. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. Historical Milestone First disk storage by IBM Keyboard, Mouse and first GUI First Static and Dynamic RAMs used Hoffs first Microprocessor 4004 8 inch floppy disk appeared 8008 Microprocessor Approximate Date 1966 1968 1970 1971 1971 1972

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33.

34. 35. 36.

37.

38.

John Vincent Atanasoft and Clifford Berys ABC Computer (Special purpose electronic digital computer) Howards Kikens Harvard Mark I (IBM ASCC) John von Neumanns Stored Program Concept Konr Zuses Z1, Z3 and Z4 computers (All these computers destroyed on world war) Alan Turing and COLOSSUS developed Vacuum Tube technology ENIAC (The first general purpose electronic digital computer) EDVAC (The first stored program concept computer) Aiken built Mark I The first computer bug UNIVAC (The first commercial computer) The first assembler Initial Orders Wangs Magnetic Core Memory Hoppers UNIVAC-I Compiler G.W.A. Dummer conceives integrated circuits FORTRAN was developed Kibly & Noce developed first IC COBOL developed IBM System/360 mainframe computer BASIC developed by Kemeny & Kurtz

1939

58.

launched 5.25 inch Mini Floppy disk

1972

1939 1940 1941

59. 60. 61.

Hard Disk Devices started 8080, 6800 microprocessors Father of Micro Computers Roberts developed Altair 8800 microcomputer Microsoft founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen Steven Jobs & Wozniak developed Apple I and Apple II microcomputers Cray developed the Cray-I super computer 8086 microprocessor First IBP PC with DOS Microsoft Windows introduced Intels 386 microprocessor Intel 486 microprocessor Intels Pentium (586) Intels Pentium Pro (x86) Pentium II Pentium III Pentium IV Core 2 Duo Duo core processor/i3,i5,i7

1973 1974 1975

1943

62.

1975

1943

63.

1976

39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

1944 1944 1944 1948 1949 1949 1950 1952 1957 1958 1959 1960 1965

64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.

1976 1980 1981 1985 1985 1989 1992 1996 1997 1999 2000

20 Ways to Increase Laptops Battery Life

By Vijay CK

Modern graphic intensive operating systems and resource hungry applications are cutting down the life of your laptops battery every day. The average battery life per continuous use still stands at a maximum of three to four hours. So, a fast depleting battery could very swiftly put the crutches on your mobile road trip. Mobile computing has got better with lighter components, better chips and faster processors. But the Achilles heel of a laptop has remained its battery. So here are we are going to look at ways to increase laptop battery life.

1. Ship shape with a defrag

Regular defragmentation helps to arrange data more efficiently thus making the hard drive work less to access the data. The quicker the moving hard drive works lesser is the load placed on the battery. Thus, your batter can last longer. The effect is minimal, but this efficiency goes hand in glove with hard drive maintenance.

2. Kill the resource gobblers End the background processes that are not vital. Monitor the resource usage through aCtrl-Alt-Del which brings up the Windows Task Manager (in Windows). If youre not on the internet, it is safe to shut down the immediate non-essential programs running in the taskbar like the antivirus and the firewall. Weed out unnecessary programs running as start-ups by launching the System Configuration Utility from Run

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Msconfig Tab: Startup. Uncheck the programs which you dont want to launch and reboot the computer once. 3. Pause the scheduled tasks It may be a defrag or a virus scan, but make sure it is scheduled for a time when you are near a power outlet. If not then nix them for the moment. 4. Unplug external devices USB devices are the biggest drainers of battery power. Unplug all external devices like an external mouse, PC cards, Wi-Fi, external speakers, Bluetooth and even an attached iPod. 5. Empty the CD/DVD Drives Even if you dont intend to use it, dont leave any CD/DVDs as leftovers in the drives. A spinning drive sucks battery power like a sponge. 6. Go local Desist using the DVD/external drives while running on batteries. Shift the content to the hard drive or run using (free) virtual drives like Pismo File Mount or even Microsofts Virtual CD ROM Control Panel.

Colour Appearance Classic Appearance and Windows Basic graphical interface. In XP its Display Properties Theme Windows Classic. Linux and even Macintosh are better optimized for longer battery life. 12. Hibernate is better than Sleep In the Stand By mode (or sleep mode), the computer turns of the hard drive and the display but memory remains active while the CPU slows down. This draws on the battery. In contrast, hibernation mode is better because the computer

saves the current state and shuts itself down completely thus saving power. 13. Get the mostwork on the least Working on too many programs while on the battery is a sure fire power drainer. Keep use of graphic intensive applications to a minimum. Working on a spreadsheet consumes much less than playing your favorite game. To increase the life of the battery open just one or two programs concurrently.

7. Lower the lights The LCD screen of a laptop is another huge power sink. Calibrate the brightness to the lowest level you can tolerate using the Function key toggles or using the Display Settings applet in the Control Panel. 8. Kill the sounds Mute the speakers and try avoiding the use of multimedia software to maximize the battery life. Installed sound schemes also drain a battery perceptibly. 9. Rid the screensaver To maximize battery life by a little, switch off the screensaver. 10. Visit Power Options Get familiar with power management through the Power Options applet in the Control Panel. Both XP and Vista come with advanced power management features which shut off components like the monitor and/or the hard drive after specified intervals. This again depends on the chosen Power Schemes (for XP) in the same applet. For instance in XP, Max Battery under Power Schemes can be selected for maximum battery optimization. Similar settings can be found under Mobile PC in the Control Panel of Vista. 11. Turn off the looks Todays OSs like Windows Vista come with features like Aero Glass which are resource guzzlers. One can turn it off and go for the Classic appearance which consumes less power. In Vista, click on Desktop Preferences View

14. Ram in more RAM Adequate RAM reduces the load on Virtual memory which by default resides on the hard drive. Though every extra bit of RAM uses up more power, it increases overall savings by short cutting access to the power hungry hard drive. 15. Keep it clean A laptop with blocked air vents will generate more heat thus reducing the life of the battery. Clean the air vents regularly to keep operating temperatures low. Allow for open space around the vents for air to circulate freely. Keep the area around the laptop clean to avoid entry of dust. 16. Temperature is a silent killer Undue heat kills off a battery slowly but surely. Avoid leaving the laptop under direct sunlight or inside a closed car. 17. Avoid the memory effect A problem more for the older Ni-MH batteries than for Li-Ion batteries on which most modern laptops run. Memory effect relates to the loss of battery charge when they are repeatedly recharged after being only partially discharged. It can be prevented by discharging the battery fully and then completely recharging it. Li-Ion batteries on the other hand have no problems with partial discharges and re-charges and complete discharge is never recommended for this type. 18. Update software and drivers This sounds a bit incongruous but then newer drivers and software are often designed to be more efficient (and hopefully less resource hungry).

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19. Use the right adapter Ensure that the adapter you use to charge the laptop battery is an original one or one with the correct specifications. A mismatch in the wattage could cause an overload thus damaging the laptop and the battery. 20. Pack it up If you dont plan to use the laptop on batteries for quite some time, ensure that the charge is nearly 40 percent remove the batteries and store it in a cool place.

A typical lithium ion battery has an overall average life of 2-3 years. With some care and caution, its mortality can be delayed. Have you found your own way to increase battery life of your laptop? Share the life giving tips with us in the comments. All modern laptops have battery charge level indicators. Re-charge it only WHEN the battery charge is about to empty

Google gravity
Link Shared by Mr. Ilyas Patel Google always has many interesting things to do in it. Ricardo Cabello a designer/developer has created Google Gravity. This is a fun filled thing that makes the object in google elements to fall down, due to force of gravity. You can enjoy throwing all links, text boxes , buttons , search results around the browser window . Do whatever you like with Google Gravity and enjoy your googling experience. http://mrdoob.com/projects/chromeexperiments/google_gravity/ OR: 1. 2. 3. 4. Open Google homepage in your browser. Type google gravity in search box. Click on the first search result. And experience the google gravity. Now, search anything you will surprise to see the search results falling down. -

Contact Details: We will be glad to publish your Articles and ideas in the monthly news letter. Please send them to news@mkclarabia.com on or before 25th of every month. Thanks MKCL Arabia Newsletter Team.
Mr. Pavans team presented him the farewell gift. Copyright MKCL Arabia Newsletter. All rights reserved. The public display of copyrighted works is restricted.

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