Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

TableofContents
Acknowledgements: .................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract: ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Requirement engineering: ........................................................................................................... 3

FeasibilityStudies:....................................................................................................................................3 Elicitationandanalysis..............................................................................................................................3 ForUngroupedData:............................................................................................................................3 ForGroupedData:................................................................................................................................3

Ungrouped Data program ........................................................................................................... 5 Grouped Data program ............................................................................................................. 12 References ............................................................................................................................... 21

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Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

Acknowledgements:
The students of BS(IT) 2010 and our teacher Miss Saima assigned us to prepare a software that performs statistical calculations and automate the generation of frequency distribution table. We were given freedom of choice. This software mainly focuses grouped data but it can also perform calculations regarding ungrouped data Thanks to Miss Saima who has taught us Statistics in this semester, Miss Sana Mehdi who has taught us programming, Miss Narmeen Shawoo Bawani for her utmost effort in present algorithms. Thanks also to my parents and siblings who supported me when I was preparing this report.

Abstract:
This software automates the statistical calculations and help user in giving quick and accurate answers. This software can calculate Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Median and Mode for Grouped and Ungrouped Data. Not only that, it can also calculate Variance, Standard Deviation, Co-efficient of Variance, Mean Deviation about Mean and Median and Quartile Deviations for Grouped Data

Requirement engineering:
Feasibility Studies:
Ungrouped Data only works for integer raw data. Useful for every technical or non-technical Statistics student. Can be used even in outdated computers. No as such hardware requirements.

Elicitation and analysis

For Ungrouped Data:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
For Grouped Data:

1.
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Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

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Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

Ungrouped Data program

include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<iostream.h> #include<math.h> #include<iomanip.h> void getdata(); void sorting(); void printlist(); void printtable(void); int location(int,int*, int); void calculation(void); int no_of_classes(); int maximum(int *); int minimum(int *); void classboundry(int); void classinterval(int ); void midpoint(int); void frequency(int ); void relativefrequency(int ); void cumulativefrequency(int ); void FD(); void arithmetic(); void harmonic(); void geometric(); void mode(); void median(); struct ClassBoundry { float lowest; float highest; }; struct ClassInterval { float lowest; float highest; }; int list[100]={(int)NULL}; int max=(int)NULL; int LB=(int)NULL; int h=(int)NULL; int n=(int)NULL; double AM, HM, GM, Mode, Median; struct ClassBoundry CB[100]={(float)NULL,(float)NULL}; struct ClassInterval CI[100]={(int)NULL,(int)NULL}; float Midpoint[100]={(float)NULL}; float RF[100]={(float)NULL}; int F[100]={(int)NULL}; int CF[100]={(int)NULL}; int main() { clrscr(); int will=1, opchoice=0; //main program //clear the screen //array of data //no of raw figures available //declarations of Lowest boundry //header files

//takes input from the user //arranging the values in ascending order //prints the list //prints the frequency distribution table //calculates Frequency, Cumulative frequency etc //number of classes to be made with an interval //calculating class boundries //calculating class intervals //calculating mid points //calculating frequency //calculating relative frequency //calculating cumulative frequency //frequency distribution //calculates AM //calculates HM //calculates GM //calculates Mode //calculates Median

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Statistics & Probability

char YN; while(will==1) { clrscr(); getdata(); //get data from the user clrscr(); printlist(); //printing the list after sorting getch(); opchoice=0; while(opchoice!=7) { clrscr(); //clearing the screen cout<<"\n\n"; int r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} cout<<"\n"; r=1;while(r<=37){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<" MENU "; r=1;while(r<=37){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<"\n\n"; r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;}

Qanita Zakir

cout<<"\n\n\n\n1.Arithmetic Mean\n2.Geometric Mean\n3.Harmonic Mean\n4.Mode\n"; cout<<"5.Median\n6.Frequency Distribution\n7.Exit\n\nChoice:"; cin>>opchoice; if(opchoice==1) {arithmetic();getch();} if(opchoice==2) {geometric();getch();} if(opchoice==3) {harmonic();getch();} if(opchoice==4) {mode();getch();} if(opchoice==5) {median();getch();} if(opchoice==6) {clrscr();FD();getch();} }

getch(); clrscr(); cout<<"\nDo you want to enter into Main Menu?\nEnter Y/N: ";cin>>YN; will++; if(YN=='Y' || YN=='y') will=1; } getch(); return 0; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void getdata() { int loop=0, loop2; char * classes=(char *)NULL, *frequency=(char *)NULL; cout<<"\n\n"; int r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} cout<<"\n";

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Statistics & Probability

r=1;while(r<=33){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<" Getting Data "; r=1;while(r<=33){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<"\n"; r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} cout<<"\n"; cout<<"\n"; cout<<"Enter the string for data (marks, weights, price etc):\n"; gets(classes); cout<<"Enter the string about whom the data is (students, female, week etc)?\n"; gets(frequency); cout<<"Number of "; while(*(frequency+loop)!=(char)NULL){cout<<*(frequency+loop);loop++;} cout<<":"; cin>>max;

Qanita Zakir

for(loop2=0;loop2<=max-1;loop2++) { loop=0;while(*(classes+loop)!=(char)NULL){cout<<*(classes+loop);loop++;} cout<<loop2+1<<"\t:"; cin>>list[loop2]; cout<<endl; } } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void printlist() { cout<<endl<<endl; for(int a=0;a<max;a++) cout<<list[a]<<'\t'; cout<<endl; } //function void FD() { calculation(); printtable(); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void calculation() { n=no_of_classes(); classboundry(0); classinterval(0); midpoint(0); frequency(0); relativefrequency(0); CF[0]=F[0]; cumulativefrequency(1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void printtable() { cout<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDB";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<setw(50)<<"FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION\n\n"; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDB";row++;}

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Statistics & Probability

cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;}

Qanita Zakir

cout<<setw(12)<<"C.I"<<setw(5)<<"\xDE"<<setw(10)<<"C.B"<<setw(6)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"F"; cout<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(8)<<"C.F"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"X"<<setw(5)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(11)<<"R.F\n"<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(int a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<" "<<setw(4)<<CI[a].lowest<<" "<<setw(2)<<"\x7C"<<" "<<setw(5)<<CI[a].highest; cout<<setw(2)<<"\xDE"<<" "<<setw(5)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(2)<<"\x7C"<<" "<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest; cout<<setw(2)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(7)<<CF[a]<<setw(5)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(6)<<Midpoint[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(6)<<setprecision(2)<<RF[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------int no_of_classes() { int maxn, minn; maxn=maximum(list); minn=minimum(list); int HB; cout<<"Enter the class interval:"; cin>>h; h=h+1; int x=h-(maxn%h) ; //finding the difference between max and highest class boundry int y=minn%h; //finding the difference between min and lowest class boundry int n; //no of classes LB=minn-y; HB=maxn+x; n=(HB-LB)/h; return n; //returning the no of classes t calling function } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void classboundry(int a) { if(a<n) { CB[a].lowest=(a*h+LB)-0.5; CB[a].highest=CB[a].lowest+h; } else return; classboundry(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void classinterval(int a) { if(a<n) { CI[a].lowest=CB[a].lowest+0.5; CI[a].highest=CB[a].highest-0.5; } else return;

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Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

classinterval(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void midpoint(int a) { if(a<n) Midpoint[a]=(CB[a].lowest+CB[a].highest)/2.0; else return; midpoint(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void frequency(int a) { if(a<n) { for(int b=0;b<=max-1;b++) if(list[b]>=CI[a].lowest && list[b]<=CB[a].highest) F[a]=F[a]+1; } else return; frequency(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void relativefrequency(int a) { if(a<n) { RF[a]=F[a]; RF[a]=RF[a]/max; } else return; relativefrequency(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void cumulativefrequency(int a) { if(a<n) CF[a]=CF[a-1]+F[a]; else return; cumulativefrequency(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void sorting() { for(int a=0;a<max;a++) { for(int b=0;b<max-a-1;b++) { float temp=0; //if the element is greater than the following one then swap if(list[b]>list[b+1]) { temp=list[b]; //swaping list[b]=list[b+1]; list[b+1]=temp; } } } } //--------------------------------------------------------------function-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

int maximum(int list1[]) { int maxn=list1[0]; for(int loop=0;loop<max;loop++) if(list1[loop]>maxn) maxn=list1[loop]; return maxn; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------int minimum(int list1[]) { int minn=list1[0]; for(int loop=0;loop<max;loop++) if(list1[loop]<minn) minn=list1[loop]; return minn; } /********************************************************************************************************************** ******* --------------------------------------------------------------CALCULATIONS-----------------------------------------------------------------********************************************************************************************************************** *******/ //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void arithmetic() { double temp1=0; for(int b=0;b<max;b++) temp1=temp1+list[b]; AM=temp1/max; cout<<"\n\n\nAM="<<AM; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void harmonic() { double temp1=0; for(int b=0;b<max;b++) temp1=temp1+(1.0/list[b]); HM=max/temp1; cout<<"\n\n\nHM="<<HM; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void geometric() { double temp1=1, temp2; for(int b=0;b<max; b++) temp1=temp1*list[b]; temp2=1.0/max; GM=pow(temp1, temp2); cout<<"\n\n\nGM="<<GM; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void median() { int term=0; if(max%2==1) term=(max+1)/2; if(max%2==0) term=max/2; Median=list[term-1]; cout<<"\n\n\nMedian="<<Median; }

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

//--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void mode() { int maxn; int fre[100]; int counter,loc; for(int a=0;a<max;a++) { counter=0; for(int b=0;b<max;b++) { if(list[a]==list[b]) counter++; } fre[a]=counter; } maxn=maximum(fre); loc=location(maxn,fre,max); Mode=list[loc]; cout<<"\n\n\nMode="<<Mode; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------int location(int item, int* list1, int loop) { int loc=(int)NULL; for(int a=0;a<loop;a++) if(*(list1+a)==item) loc=a; return loc; }

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

Grouped Data program

#include<iomanip.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<iostream.h> #include<math.h> void get_grouped_data(); user void printtable(void); int location(float, float*, int); void FD(); void calculation(void); int no_of_classes(); float maximum(float*); void classboundry(int); void classinterval(int ); void midpoint(int); void frequency(int ); void relativefrequency(int ); void cumulativefrequency(int ); void arithmetic(); void harmonic(); void geometric(); void mode(); void median(); void sdeviation(); void variance(); void qdeviation(); void mdeviation(); struct ClassBoundry { float lowest; float highest; }; struct ClassInterval { float lowest; float highest; }; float LI=(float)NULL, diff=(float)NULL; int n=(int)NULL; float h=(float)NULL; float AM, HM, GM, Mode, Median, Var, SD, Q,MD,C; float sumfx,sumflogx,sumf_x, sum,sumfxMD, sumfxAM; struct ClassBoundry CB[100]={(float)NULL,(float)NULL}; struct ClassInterval CI[100]={(float)NULL,(float)NULL}; float Midpoint[100]={(float)NULL}; float RF[100]={(float)NULL}; float F[100]={(float)NULL}; float CF[100]={(float)NULL}; float fx[100]={(float)NULL}; float flogx[100]={(float)NULL}; float f_x[100]={(float)NULL}; float fxMD[100]={(float)NULL}; float fxAM[100]={(float)NULL}; //declarations of Lowest Interval and difference //for classes 110-119,120-129 diff=120-119=1 //class interval, number of classes //summation of fx, flogx, 1/fx, f //header files

//This function takes input of frequency from the //prints the frequency distribution table //find out the location of given frequency //frequency distribution //calculates Frequency, Cumulative frequency etc //number of classes to be made with an interval //find out maximum no in a given list //calculating class boundries //calculating class intervals //calculating mid points //calculating frequency //calculating relative frequency //calculating cumulative frequency //calculates AM //calculates HM //calculates GM //calculates Mode //calculates Median //calculates Standard Deviation //calculates Variance

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Statistics & Probability

int main() { clrscr(); int will=1, opchoice=(int)NULL; AM char YN; while(will==1) { clrscr(); cout<<"\n\n"; int r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} cout<<"\n"; r=1;while(r<=37){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<" MENU "; r=1;while(r<=37){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<"\n\n"; r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} //main program

Qanita Zakir

//clear the screen //whileloop variable, choice of operation e.g 1 for //stores y if user wants to enter main menu //clearing the screen

cout<<"\n\n\n\n1.Arithmetic Mean\n2.Geometric Mean\n3.Harmonic Mean\n4.Mode\n"; cout<<"5.Median\n6.Standard Deviation\n7.Variance\n8.Quartile Deviation\n; cout<<9.Mean Deviation\n10.Exit\n\nChoice:"; cin>>opchoice; if(opchoice==1) {clrscr();arithmetic();getch();} if(opchoice==2) {clrscr();geometric();getch();} if(opchoice==3) {clrscr();harmonic();getch();} if(opchoice==4) {clrscr();mode();getch();} if(opchoice==5) {clrscr();median();getch();} if(opchoice==6) {clrscr();sdeviation();getch();} if(opchoice==7) {clrscr();variance();getch();} if(opchoice==8) {qdeviation();getch();} if(opchoice==9) {mdeviation();getch();} } getch(); clrscr(); cout<<"\nDo you want to enter into Main Menu?\nEnter Y/N: ";cin>>YN; will++; if(YN=='Y' || YN=='y') will=1; } getch(); return 0; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Statistics & Probability

void get_grouped_data() { cout<<"\n\n"; int r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} cout<<"\n"; r=1;while(r<=33){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<" Getting Data "; r=1;while(r<=33){cout<<"*";r++;} cout<<"\n"; r=1;while(r<=80){cout<<"\xDB";r++;} cout<<"\n"; cout<<"\n"; cout<<setw(35)<<"Enter the lower class interval:";cin>>LI; cout<<"\n"; cout<<setw(35)<<"Enter the difference:";cin>>diff; diff=diff/2; cout<<"\n"; cout<<setw(35)<<"Enter the class interval:";cin>>h; h=h+diff; cout<<"\n"; cout<<setw(35)<<"Enter the number of classes:";cin>>n; classboundry(0); cout<<"\n"; cout<<setw(30)<<"Class Boundry"<<setw(20)<<"Frequency\n\n";

Qanita Zakir

for(int loop=0;loop<n;loop++) { cout<<"\n"<<setw(22)<<CB[loop].lowest<<"-"<<CB[loop].highest<<"\t\t"; cin>>F[loop];} } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void FD() { calculation();printtable(); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void calculation() { classinterval(0);midpoint(0);relativefrequency(0);CF[0]=F[0];cumulativefrequency(1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void printtable() { cout<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDB";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<setw(50)<<"FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION\n\n"; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDB";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<setw(12)<<"C.I"<<setw(5)<<"\xDE"<<setw(10)<<"C.B"<<setw(6)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"F";

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Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

cout<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(8)<<"C.F"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"X"<<setw(5)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(11)<<"R.F\n"<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(int a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<" "<<setw(4)<<CI[a].lowest<<" "<<setw(2)<<"\x7C"<<" "<<setw(5)<<CI[a].highest; cout<<setw(2)<<"\xDE"<<" "<<setw(5)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(2)<<"\x7C"<<" "<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest; cout<<setw(2)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(7)<<CF[a]<<setw(5)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(6)<<Midpoint[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(6)<<setprecision(2)<<RF[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------float summation(float *list) { float summ=0; for(int b=0;b<n;b++) summ=summ+*(list+b); return summ; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void classboundry(int a) { if(a<n) { CB[a].lowest=(a*h+LI)-diff; CB[a].highest=CB[a].lowest+h; } else return; classboundry(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void classinterval(int a) { if(a<n) { CI[a].lowest=CB[a].lowest+diff; CI[a].highest=CB[a].highest-diff; } else return; classinterval(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void midpoint(int a) { if(a<n) Midpoint[a]=(CB[a].lowest+CB[a].highest)/2.0; else return; midpoint(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void relativefrequency(int a) { sum=summation(F); if(a<n) {

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Statistics & Probability

RF[a]=F[a]; RF[a]=RF[a]/sum; }

Qanita Zakir

else

return; relativefrequency(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void cumulativefrequency(int a) { if(a<n) CF[a]=CF[a-1]+F[a]; else return; cumulativefrequency(a+1); } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------float maximum(float list1[]) { float maxn=list1[0],loop=0; for(loop=0;loop<n;loop++) if(list1[loop]>maxn) maxn=list1[loop]; return maxn; } /********************************************************************************************************************** ******* --------------------------------------------------------------CALCULATIONS-----------------------------------------------------------------********************************************************************************************************************** *******/ //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void arithmetic() { for(int a=0;a<n;a++) fx[a]=F[a]*Midpoint[a]; sumfx=summation(fx); AM=sumfx/sum; cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; cout<<setw(22)<<"C.B"<<setw(8)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"F"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(8)<<"X"<<setw(4)<<"\x DE"<<setw(5)<<"FX"; cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<setw(18)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(3)<<"\x7C"<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest<<setw(4)<<"\xD E"; cout<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(8)<<Midpoint[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(6)<<fx[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"fx="<<sumfx; cout<<"\n\nAM="<<AM; }

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Statistics & Probability

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//--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void harmonic() { for(int a=0;a<n;a++) f_x[a]=F[a]/Midpoint[a]; sumf_x=summation(f_x); HM=sum/sumf_x; cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<setw(22)<<"C.B"<<setw(8)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"F"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(8)<<"X"; cout<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(7)<<"1/FX"<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<setw(18)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(3)<<"\x7C"<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest; cout<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(8)<<Midpoint[a]; cout<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(6)<<setprecision(2)<<f_x[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"1/fx="; cout<<setprecision(2)<<sumf_x; cout<<"\n\nHM="<<HM; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void geometric() { for(int a=0;a<n;a++) flogx[a]=F[a]*(log10(Midpoint[a])); sumflogx=summation(flogx); GM=exp((sumflogx/sum)*log(10)); cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<setw(22)<<"C.B"<<setw(8)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"Fi"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(7)<<"log xi"<<setw(3)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(10)<<"fi log xi"<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<setw(18)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(3)<<"\x7C"<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest<<setw(4)<<"\xD E"; cout<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<" "; cout<<setprecision(2)<<setw(5)<<flogx[a]/F[a]<<setw(3)<<"\xDE"<<" "; cout<<setprecision(2)<<setw(6)<<flogx[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"flogx=";

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Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

cout<<setprecision(2)<<sumflogx; cout<<"\n\nGM="<<GM; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void median() { int term=0; if(n%2==1) term=(n+1)/2; if(n%2==0) term=n/2; Median=CB[term-1].lowest+((h/F[term-1])*((sum/2)-CF[term-2])); printtable(); cout<<"\n\nL="<<CB[term-1].lowest<<"\n\nh="<<h<<"\n\nf="<<F[term1]<<"\n\n\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<"\n\nCF="<<CF[term-2]<<"\n\n"; cout<<"Median="<<Median; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void mode() { float maxn=(float)NULL; int index=(int)NULL; maxn=maximum(F); index=location(maxn,F,n); Mode=CB[index].lowest+(((F[index]-F[index-1])/((2*F[index])-F[index-1]-F[index+1]))*h); printtable(); cout<<"\n\nL="<<CB[index].lowest<<"\n\nfm="<<F[index]<<"\n\nf1="<<F[index1]<<"\n\nh="<<h<<"\n\nf2="<<F[index-2]<<"\n\n"; cout<<"Mode="<<Mode; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void sdeviation() { variance(); SD=sqrt(Var); C=(SD/AM)*100; cout<<"\n\nStandard Deviation="<<SD<<"\n\nCo-efficient of Variance="<<C<<"%"; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void variance() { arithmetic(); for(int a=0;a<n;a++) fxAM[a]=F[a]*pow((Midpoint[a]-AM),2); sumfxAM=summation(fxAM); Var=sumfxAM/sum; getch(); clrscr(); cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<setw(19)<<"C.B"<<setw(8)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"Fi"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(9)<<"(XiAM)2"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"; cout<<setw(11)<<"fi(Xi-AM)2"<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<setw(15)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(3)<<"\x7C"<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest<<setw(4)<<"\xD E"; cout<<setw(6)<<F[a]<<setw(3)<<"\xDE"<<" "<<setw(9)<<fxAM[a]/F[a]; cout<<setw(2)<<"\xDE"<<" "<<setw(9)<<fxAM[a];

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

} cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;}

Qanita Zakir

cout<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f(Xi-AM)2="; cout<<setprecision(4)<<sumfxAM<<"\n\nVariance="<<Var; } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void qdeviation() { int term=0, choice; if(n%2==1) term=(n+1)/2; if(n%2==0) term=n/2; cout<<"\n\t1.First Quartile Deviation\n\t2.Second Quartile Deviation\n\t3.Third Quartile Deviation\n\t4.Fourth Quartile Deviation\n\tChoice:"; cin>>choice; if(choice>0&&choice<5) { clrscr(); Q=CB[term-1].lowest+((h/F[term-1])*(((sum/4)*choice)-CF[term-2])); printtable(); cout<<"\n\nL="<<CB[term-1].lowest<<"\n\nh="<<h<<"\n\nf="<<F[term1]<<"\n\n\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<"\n\nCF="<<CF[term-2]<<"\n\n"; cout<<"Q"<<choice<<"="<<Q; } } //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------void mdeviation() { int choice; cout<<"\n\t1.Mean Deviation about Mean\n\t2.Mean Deviation about Median\n\tChoice:"; cin>>choice; if(choice==1) { arithmetic(); float temp; for(int a=0;a<n;a++) { temp=Midpoint[a]-AM; if(temp<0) temp=-temp; fxMD[a]=F[a]*temp; } sumfxMD=summation(fxMD); MD=sumfxMD/sum; getch(); clrscr(); cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<setw(22)<<"C.B"<<setw(8)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"Fi"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(4)<<"\x B3"<<"X-AM"<<"\xB3"; cout<<setw(2)<<"\xDE"<<setw(3)<<"fi"<<"\xB3"<<"X-AM"<<"\xB3"<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(a=0; a<n;a++) {

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

Qanita Zakir

E";

cout<<endl<<setw(18)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(3)<<"\x7C"<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest<<setw(4)<<"\xD cout<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<" "; cout<<setprecision(2)<<setw(6)<<fxMD[a]/F[a]<<setw(3)<<"\xDE"<<" "; cout<<setprecision(2)<<setw(6)<<fxMD[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;}

cout<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"fi"<<"\xB3"<<"XAM"<<"\xB3"<<"="; printf("%.3f\n\n",sumfxMD); cout<<"Mean Deviation about Mean="<<MD; C=(MD/AM)*100; cout<<"\n\nCo-efficient of Mean Deviation about Mean="<<C; } if(choice==2) { median(); for(int a=0;a<n;a++) { float temp=Midpoint[a]-Median; if(temp<0) temp=-temp; fxMD[a]=F[a]*temp; } sumfxMD=summation(fxMD); MD=sumfxMD/sum; getch(); clrscr(); cout<<endl<<endl<<endl<<endl; int row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<setw(22)<<"C.B"<<setw(8)<<"\xDE"<<setw(5)<<"Fi"<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(2)<<"\x B3"<<"X-Med"<<"\xB3"; cout<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<setw(7)<<"fi"<<"\xB3"<<"X-Med"<<"\xB3"<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl; for(a=0; a<n;a++) { cout<<endl<<setw(18)<<CB[a].lowest<<setw(3)<<"\x7C"<<setw(5)<<CB[a].highest<<setw(4)<<"\xD E"; cout<<setw(5)<<F[a]<<setw(4)<<"\xDE"<<" "; cout<<setw(4)<<setprecision(2)<<fxMD[a]/F[a]; cout<<setw(6)<<"\xDE"<<" "; cout<<setprecision(2)<<fxMD[a]; } cout<<endl<<endl; row=1;while(row!=80){cout<<"\xDF";row++;} cout<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"f="<<sum<<endl<<endl<<"\xE4"<<"fi"<<"\xB3"<<"XAM"<<"\xB3"<<"="; printf("%.3f\n\n",sumfxMD); cout<<"Mean Deviation about Median="<<MD; C=(MD/Median)*100; cout<<"\n\nCo-efficient of Mean Deviation about Median="<<C<<"%";

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Jinnah University for Women

Statistics & Probability

}

Qanita Zakir

} //--------------------------------------------------------------function------------------------------------------------------------------------------int location(float item, float* list1, int loop) { int loc=(int)NULL; for(int a=0;a<loop;a++) if(*(list1+a)==item) loc=a; return loc; }

References
Lectures of Miss Saima

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Jinnah University for Women