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Author Name Saladi, R.N., Narayanan, D.L,Joshua L Fox Virginia Kaklamani1*, Nengjun Yi2, Maureen Sadim3, Kalliopi Siziopikou4, Kui Zhang5, Yanfei Xu6, Sarah Tofilon7, Surbhi Agarwal7, Boris Pasche8 and Christos Mantzoros9 Guy D Eslick Hiroyuki Ueda, Stephen J. Ullrich, J. David Gangemi, Catherine A. Kappel, Lien Ngo, Mark A. Feitelson & Gilbert Jay Margaret W. Linn, Bernard S. Linn, Shayna R. Stein Wolfgang Schmidt & Robert E. Popham Goodarz Danaei MD, Stephen Vander Hoorn MSc, Alan D Lopez, PhD, Christopher JL Murray, MD, Majid Ezzati, PhD Czene, KamilaLichtenstein, PaulHemminki, Kari Wynder, E L Dolle, Jessica MDaling, Janet RWhite, EmilyBrinton, Louise aDoody, David RPorter, Peggy LMalone, Kathleen E

Title Ultraiolet radiation and skin cancer The role of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) in breast cancer risk Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer? Functional Inactivation but not structural mutation of p53 causes liver cancer Beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients The Role of Drinking and Smoking in Mortality from Cancer and Other Causes in Male Alcoholics Causes of cancer in the world: Comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors Environmental and heritable causes of cancer among 9.6 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. An epidemiological evaluation of the causes of cancer of the pancreas. Risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer in women under the age of 45 years.

Journal, Issue, Pages International Journal of Dermatology,volume 49,Issue 9 BMC Medical Genetics 2011, 12:52 World J Gastroenterol 2006 May 21; 12(19): 2991-2999 Nature Genetics, Vol 9, Jan 1995, pg. 41-47 Social Science & Medicine Volume 16, Issue 7, 1982, Pages 835-839 CANCER , March 1,1981, pg.1031-1041 The Lancet, Volume 366, Issue 9499, 19-25 November 2005, Pages 1784-1793 International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 99, 260266 (2002) CANCER RESEARCH 35, 2228-2233, August 1975 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(4):115766

Objectives To review the impact of ultraviolet radiation on skin cancer To understand the role between FTO and Breast Cancer To find relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric/peptic cancer To determine whether mutations in p53 gene are important for initiating tumorigenesis. To determine beliefs about causes of cancer in cancer patients To prove heavy alcohol usage causes cancer To determine the impact of lifestyle and environment on cancer To study the importance of genetic and environmental effects for cancer susceptibility How dietary factors can affect the developmentof cancer of the pancreas To assess the risk for triple-negative breast cancer among women 45 years of age and younger

Independent UV Radiation Obesity Helicobacter pylori p53 mutations Inheritance Alcohol and smoking Alcohol, Smoking,low fruit and vegetable intake genetic and environmental components diet high in fat and/or cholesterol and excessive cigarette smoking demographic/lifestyle factors, reproductive history, and oral contraceptive use

Dependent Skin cancer Breast cancer Gastric cancer Liver cancer Cancer Mortality from cancer Cancer

Moderating Fair skinned populations Females Humans Dietary aflatoxin exposed regions Smokers & Pulmonary Cancer patients Males Nil

types of cancer Tetrachoric correlations development of cancerof the pancreas NA risk for triple-negative breast cancer NA

Mediating DNA damage FTO genes Level of exposure Nil Nil Nil Nil NA association of long-term diabetes youngerpremenopausal women

Hypothesis UVR causes DNA damage and genetic mutations, which subsequently lead to skin cancer. Obesity leads to over expression of FTO genes which leads to breast cancer risk H pylori infection causes cancer p53 mutations causes lung cancer People had beliefs that cancer was inherited irrespective of being afflicted with cancer or not Mortality is increased according to the alcohol consumed or cigars smoked Cancer is caused by certain risk factors like smoking, alcohol use, low fruit and vegetable intake, etc environment has a principal causative role in cancer relationship between diet and cigarette smoking to cancer of the pancreas strong association between oral contraceptiveuse and the risk for triple-negative breast cancer

Supported Y Y Y Yes Yes Yes Yes y y y

Sampling method and sample size case-control study included 354 cases of breast cancer and 364 controls from Northwestern University Patients taking eradication therapy(817) and patients taking placebo(813) Transgenic mice, Histological Analysis, Immunohistological Staining, Immunoprecipitation & Immunoblot Analysis and PCR-SS 120 patients with late stage cancer and compared with beliefs of non cancer patients Majority of patients were self referrals or referred by family, friends, etc. 9889 males; 79% - middle class, 21% working class Population attributable fractions for individual and multiple risk factors; 7 million deaths

Swedish Family-Cancer Database, statistical analysis, model-fitting anal- ysis up-to-date epidemiological evidences in USA, Correlation population-based, case-control studies -- SeattlePuget Sound area, diagnosed between January 1983 and December 1992;
w

Adequate Liter Y Y Y Yes Yes Yes Yes y y y

Mangerial implication Further research on Skin cancer can be carried out FTO genes can be used to detect risk of breast cancer Further research needs to be carried out for confirming the relationship p53 mutations can help to detect Tumour Used for creating awareness about ill effects of smoking and drinking Used for creating awareness about ill effects of smoking and drinking

the combined estimates for heritability and shared environmental effects correlated highly with the parent-offspring familial effec modification of widely used environmental factors by society itself has generally been more successful than behavioral changes significant heterogeneity exists for theassociation of oral contraceptive use and breastcancer risk between triple-negative breas

Context Oncology Oncology Oncology Consequence of neoplastic cell growth Belief about causes of cancer Mortality studies of Alcoholics Reducing Mortality Cancer Cancer Cancer

Research design-exploratory/conclusive Exploratory Conclusive Conclusive Conclusive Conclusive Conclusive Conclusive Conclusive Conclusive - Descriptive Conclusive