S.Y.B.M.

S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

THAILAND

Political name:
Conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand Conventional short form: Thailand Former: Siam

Capital: Bangkok Area:

Total: 514,000 sq km Land: 511,770 sq km Water: 2,230 sq km

Languages spoken:
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects The Thai language is Thailand's national language, written in its own alphabet, but many ethnic and regional dialects exist as well as areas where people speak predominantly Isan or Khmer. Although English is widely taught in schools, proficiency is low.

Literacy rate:
Total population: 92.6% Male: 94.9% Female: 90.5% (2002)

Religion:
According to the last census (2000) 94.6% of Thais are Buddhists of the Theravada tradition. Muslims are the second religious group in Thailand at 4.6%. Most of them are ethnic Malays and they are mostly concentrated in the south, where they form a strong majority in four provinces. Christians, mainly Catholics, represent 0.75% of the population. A tiny but influential community of Sikhs and some Hindus also live in the country's cities.

Per-capita income: $8,300 (2005 est.) Purchasing power parity: $545.8 billion (2005 est.)

GROUP - 2

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Political system:
The king has little direct power under the constitution but is the anointed protector of Thai Buddhism and a symbol of national identity and unity. The present monarch enjoys a great deal of popular respect and moral authority, which has on occasion been used to resolve political crises. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the king from among the members of the lower house of parliament, usually the leader of the party that can organize a majority coalition government. The bicameral Thai parliament is the National Assembly (, rathasapha) which consists of a House of Representatives (, sapha phuthaen ratsadon) of 500 seats and a Senate (, wuthisapha) of 200 seats. Members of both houses are elected by popular vote. The House of Representatives is elected by the first-past-the-post system, where only one candidate with a simple majority will be elected in one constituency. The Senate is elected based on the province system, where one province can return more than one Senator depending on its population size. Members of House of Representatives serve four-year terms, while Senators serve six-year terms. The law court system (, san) has three layers, the highest judicial body being the Supreme Court (, sandika) whose judges is directly appointed by the monarch.

King: Bhumibol Adulyadej Prime Minister: Thaksin Shinawatra History:

Thailand's origin is traditionally tied to the short-lived kingdom of Sukhothai founded in 1238, after which the larger kingdom of Ayutthaya was established in the mid-14th century. Thai culture was greatly influenced by both China and India. Contact with various European powers began in the 16th century but, despite continued pressure, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power, though Western influence, including the threat of force, led to many reforms in the 19th century and major concessions to British mercantile interests, including the loss of the 3 southern provinces, which later became Malaysia's 3 northern states. The Thais are very proud that they were never colonized by a European power. There are two main reasons for this: it was left as a buffer state between parts of Asia that were colonized by the French and the British and Thailand had a series of very able rulers in the 1800s. A mostly bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. Known previously as Siam, the country first changed its name to Thailand in 1939, and definitively in 1949 after reverting to the old name post-World War II. During that conflict Thailand was in a loose alliance with Japan; following its conclusion Thailand

GROUP - 2

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

became an ally of the United States. Thailand then saw a series of military coups d'tat, but progressed towards democracy from the 1980s onward. The official calendar in Thailand is based on the Buddhist Era, which is 543 years ahead of the western calendar. For example, the year AD 2006 is equal to the year 2549 BE. On 26 December 2004 the southwest coast of Thailand was devastated by a tsunami following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In places it was as high as 10 meters. It killed more than 5,000 people in Thailand, half of them tourists.

Culture:
Theravada Buddhism is central to modern Thai identity and belief. In areas in the Southernmost parts of Thailand, Islam is prevalent. Many different ethnic groups populate different parts of Thailand, some of these groups overlapping much into Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia, and many of these groups socially marginalized in Thailand. Ethnic Chinese form a significant part of Thai society, particularly in and around Bangkok, and many positions of economic and political power are held by ethnic Chinese, including the Prime Minister. Worship of ancestors is a large part of Thai spiritual practice, as well as charity towards Buddhist monks. Thais have a very strong sense of graciousness and hospitality, but also a strong sense of social hierarchy. Honorifics are important in day-to-day Thai speech, especially titles of seniority. Muay Thai, or Thai boxing, is the national sport in Thailand and its native martial art. It reached popularity all over the world in the 1990s. Similar martial art styles exist in other southeast Asian countries. The standard greeting in Thailand is a prayer-like gesture called the wai. Taboos include touching someone's head or pointing with the feet, as the head is considered the highest and the foot the lowest part of the body. Stepping over someone, or over food, is considered insulting. Books and other documents are considered the most revered of secular objects - therefore one should not slide a book across a table or place it on the floor. Thailand is a constitutional monarchy and the King is extremely respected and revered. It is illegal to insult the Royal Family. Thai cuisine blends five fundamental tastes: sweet, spicy, sour, bitter and salty.

Main agricultural products:

Rice, cassava (tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans

GROUP - 2

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Main industrial products:

Textiles and garments, agricultural products, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry, electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, world's secondlargest tungsten producer, and third-largest tin producer.

Economy:
With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and pro-investment policies, Thailand appears to have fully recovered from the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crisis. The country was one of East Asia's best performers in 2002-04. Boosted by increased consumption, high investment spending, and strong export growth the Thai economy grew 6.9% in 2003 and 6.1% in 2004 despite a sluggish global economy. Bangkok has pursued preferential trade agreements with a variety of partners in an effort to boost exports and to maintain high growth. In 2004 Thailand and the United States began negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement. In late December 2004, a major tsunami took 8,500 lives in Thailand and caused massive destruction of property in the southern provinces of Krabi, Phangnga, and Phuket. Growth slowed to 4.6% in 2005. The downturn can be attributed to high oil prices, weaker demand from Western markets, and severe drought in rural regions, tsunamirelated declines in tourism, and lower consumer confidence. Moreover, the THAKSIN adminitration's expansionist economic policies, including multi-billion-dollar megaprojects in infrastructure and social development, has raised concerns about fiscal discipline and the health of financial institutions. On the positive side, the Thai economy performed well beginning in the third quarter of 2005. Export-oriented manufacturing - in particular automobile production - and farm output are driving these gains. In 2006 the economy should benefit from an influx of investment and stronger private consumption; however, a possible avian flu epidemic could significantly harm economic prospects throughout the region.

GROUP - 2

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Indias total exports & imports:

Year 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02

Exports 344.90 320.92 449.92 528.69 634.73

% Change -22.92 -6.95 40.20 17.51 20.06

Imports 233.60 273.05 328.17 314.97 424.49

% Change 18.36 16.89 20.18 -4.02 34.77

The main items of exports from India included gems and jewellery, drugs and pharmaceuticals, oil meals, marine products, cotton yarn, fabrics and made ups, dyes and intermediates, machinery and instruments. The main items of imports by India from Thailand include electronic goods, artificial resins, textile yarn, fabric and made ups, machinery, pearl and semi precious stones, iron and steel, transport equipment and natural rubber.

Market groups: Thailand is an active member of the regional Association of Southeast

Asian Nations.

GROUP - 2

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

POLAND

Political name:
Conventional long form: Republic of Poland Conventional short form: Poland Local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska Local short form: Polska

Capital: Warsaw Area:

Total: 312,685 sq km Land: 304,465 sq km Water: 8,220 sq km

Languages spoken:
Polish 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002 census)

Literacy rate:
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write Total population: 99.8% Male: 99.8% Female: 99.7% (2003 EST.)

Religion:
Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)

Per-capita income:
$12,700 (2005 est.)

Purchasing power parity:

$489.3 billion (2005 est.)

Political system:
The Republic of Poland is a state with a republican political system in which the supreme power is vested in the Nation (viz. its citizens). Poland is a parliamentary democracy, GROUP - 2 6

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

which means that all of its citizens have the right to take an active part in governing the state, have a constitutionally guaranteed influence over its fate, and enjoy equal rights. The Polish political system consists of state institutions, political parties, and the legislation (the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, statutory law, and the executive acts and decrees). Poland is governed by means of a mixed parliamentary and cabinet system. Power is divided between the legislative authority (exercised by the Sejm, Senate and, to a certain extent, the Constitutional Tribunal), the executive authority (the President, Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers), and the judicial authority (an independent judicial system, with general, administrative, and military courts). All these elements of the Polish political system act in cooperation with one another. During general parliamentary elections the people of Poland elect their representatives, who are usually associated with specific political parties. These parties then take seats in the Sejm and Senate depending on the number of votes they receive in the election.

President: Lech Kaczyski Prime Minister: Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz History:

Poland began to form into a recognizable unitary and territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the Piast dynasty. Poland's first historically documented ruler, Mieszko I, was baptized in 966, adopting Catholic Christianity as the country's new official religion, to which the bulk of the population converted in the course of the next century. In the 12th century Poland fragmented into several smaller states, which were later ravaged by the Mongol armies of the Golden Horde in 1241. In 1320 Wadysaw I became the King of the reunified Poland. His son Kazimierz Wielki repaired the Polish economy, built new castles and won the war against the Russian dukedom (Lww became a Polish City). Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, the strengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation. In a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland amongst themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe, but Poland still faces the lingering challenges of high unemployment, underdeveloped and dilapidated infrastructure, and a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to GROUP - 2 7

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed, Poland is an increasingly active member of European organizations.

Culture:
Polish culture has a rich thousand-year history influenced from both west and east. Today, we can see these influences in Polish architecture, folklore and art. Poland has also had a strong influence on the countries surrounding it. Poland offers a wide spectrum of cultural experience. Those interested in high culture will enjoy the renowned music festivals like Wratislavia Cantans and the Warsaw Autumn. Polish museums exhibit remarkable art collections - masterpieces including Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine in the Czartoryski Museum, Krakw; the Veit Stoss High Altar in St. Mary's Basilica, Krakw; and the Last Judgement by Hans Memling (The National Museum in Gdask). Ethnographic museums and open-air museums also hold attractive collections. The panorama of Polish culture is completed by a medley of local festivals.

Main agricultural products:

Potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy

Main industrial products:

Clothes, electronics, cars, buses, helicopters, planes, ships, military engineering, medicines, food, chemical products, iron and steel, coal, glass etc.

Economy:
Poland has steadfastly pursued a policy of economic liberalization throughout the 1990s and today stands out as a success story among transition economies. Even so, much remains to be done, especially in bringing down the unemployment rate-currently the highest in the EU. The privatization of small and medium-sized state-owned companies and a liberal law on establishing new firms has encouraged the development of the private business sector, but legal and bureaucratic obstacles alongside persistent corruption are hampering its further development. Poland's agricultural sector remains handicapped by surplus labor, inefficient small farms, and lack of investment. Restructuring and privatization of "sensitive sectors" (e.g., coal, steel, railroads, and energy), while recently initiated, have stalled. Reforms in health care, education, the pension system, and state administration have resulted in larger-than-expected fiscal pressures. Further progress in public finance depends mainly on reducing losses in Polish state enterprises, restraining entitlements, and overhauling the tax code to incorporate the growing gray economy and farmers, most of whom pay no tax. The previous Socialist-led government introduced a package of social and administrative spending cuts to reduce public spending by about $17 billion through 2007, but full implementation of the plan was trumped by election-year politics in 2005. The right-wing Law and Justice party won parliamentary elections in September, and Lech KACZYNSKI won the presidential election in October, running on a state-interventionist fiscal and monetary platform. GROUP - 2 8

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Poland joined the EU in May 2004, and surging exports to the EU contributed to Poland's strong growth in 2004, though its competitiveness could be threatened by the zloty's appreciation. GDP per capita roughly equals that of the three Baltic states. Poland stands to benefit from nearly $23.2 billion in EU funds, available through 2006. Farmers have already begun to reap the rewards of membership via booming exports, higher food prices, and EU agricultural subsidies.

Indias total exports & imports: Year Indias exports to Poland US$ Growth% million 140.00 -16% 157.20 182.97 +12% +16.4% 23.62% Indias imports from Poland US$ Growth million % 48.00 (-38%) 94.40 34.35 64.62 (+96%) (-64%) Turnover US$ million 188.00 251.60 217.32

2000 2001 2002

2003 (Jan- 185.14 Nov)

(+126.48%) 249.76

Main items of export: Tea, Coffee, Spices, Textiles, Drugs/Pharmaceuticals, Machinery/Instruments, Auto parts , Surgical items etc. Main items of import: Machinery except electric and electronic, Artificial resins, Plastic material, on-ferrous metals, Machine Tools etc.

Market groups: Poland is part of European Union

GROUP - 2

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

ZIMBABWE

Political name:
Conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe Conventional short form: Zimbabwe Former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia

Capital: Harare Area:

Total: 390,580 sq km Land: 386,670 sq km Water: 3,910 sq km

Languages spoken:
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele).

Literacy rate:
Total population: 90.7% Male: 94.2% Female: 87.2% (2003 est.)

Religion:
Syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%.

Per-capita income: $1,900 Purchasing power parity: $23.98 billion Political system:
Form of Government in Zimbabwe is Constitutional Democracy. The Constitution of Zimbabwe is the supreme law of the country. Other sources include Acts of Parliament, common law and customary law. Principal institutions established by the Constitution are the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. The Constitution also enshrines a justifiable Declaration of Rights.

GROUP - 2

10

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

The Zimbabwean Constitution provides for an elected Executive President who is Head of State, Head of Government, and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces and has the power to appoint cabinet and dissolve Parliament. The executive authority vests in the President and it may be exercised by him directly or through cabinet, the Vice- President/s, a Minister or Deputy Minister. In exercising his executive authority the president is required to act on the advice of cabinet except in cases where the Constitution or any other Act makes it lawful. The legislature comprises Parliament and the President. Parliament consists of 150 members, of whom 120 are elected, 10 are traditional leaders (chiefs), 8 are Provincial Governors appointed by the President and are ex officio members and the rest are appointed directly by the President. Parliament has a lifespan of five years after which it is dissolved and general elections are held. The function of the Legislature is to make laws for the peace, order and good governance of Zimbabwe. The power to make laws is exercised by billls passed in Parliament and assented to by the President. The Constitution provides for the independence of the Judiciary. It states that members of the Judiciary shall not be subject to the direction or control of any other person or authority in exercising their duty. The Judiciary comprises the Superior Courts (i.e. the Supreme Court and the High Court), the Inferior Courts (i.e. the Magistrates Courts and the Local Courts) and special courts or tribunals such as the Small Claims Court, the Administrative Court and the Labour Relations Tribunal.

President: Robert Mugabe History:

The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign begun in 2000 caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. Opposition and labor groups launched general strikes in 2003 to pressure MUGABE to retire early; security forces continued their brutal repression of regime opponents.

GROUP - 2

11

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Culture:
Food- Like in many African countries, a majority of Zimbabweans depend on staple foods, the most popular, sadza, is a white maize porridge also known in South Africa as mielies. The flour used to make sadza can be made into several other flour foods which are eaten all across Africa, the most common being ugali as it is known in Kenya. Sadza would be likely to be served at breakfast and ugali at supper. Meat is also eaten but not as often. Usually, during a holiday like Christmas, for example, a goat may be slaughtered and roasted; this is called nyama choma. White Zimbabweans(including native zimbabweans as well), like white South Africans, enjoy having a barbecue or braai,often called "gochi-gochi" in shona and has resulted in the proliferation of such places as "mereki" and "ziko" where people gather to spend their cash with friends which will often include mielies. Sport- Soccer is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe, although rugby and cricket also have a following, traditionally among the white minority.

Main agricultural products:

Corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs.

Main industrial products:

Mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages.

Economy:
The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued exchange rate, soaring inflation, and bare shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998 to 133% at the end of 2004 and 246.7% in 2005, while the exchange rate fell from 24 Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar to 15,200 in the same time period. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs.

GROUP - 2

12

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Indias total exports & imports: Year 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Indias export 24.71 25.16 19.0 14.46 12.53 15.83 23.49 Indias import 17.79 15.89 14.42 7.94 18.53 14.04 16.35 Total 42.50 41.05 33.42 22.40 31.06 29.87 39.84

Export Commodities : Drugs, pharmaceutical & fine chemicals; rubber manufactured products except footwear; inorganic/organic/agro chemicals; guergum meal; cotton yarn, fabrics, makeups; transport equipment; manmade yarn, fabrics; machinery & transport; manufacture of metals Import commodities: Machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, crude minerals; dyeing, tanning & colouring materials; pearls, precious and semi precious stones; other commodities.

GROUP - 2

13

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

KAZAKHSTAN

Political name:
Conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan Conventional short form: Kazakhstan Local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy Former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Capital: Astana Area:

Total: 2,717,300 sq km Land: 2,669,800 sq km Water: 47,500 sq km

Languages spoken:
Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication")

Literacy rate:
Total population: 98.4% Male: 99.1% Female: 97.7%

Religion:
Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%

Per-capita income: $8,700 Purchasing power parity: $132.7 billion Political system:
The main principles of independence and the political system were declared by the first Constitution of Kazakhstan, adopted in January 1993, and were approved by referendum in August 1995. The Republic of Kazakhstan is a democratic, modern state that respects the rule of law. The highest value of society is the human being: his or her life, rights and freedom. Kazakhstan is a unitary state with a presidential government. GROUP - 2 14

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

The President of the Republic is the head of the state. He defines state policy. He is elected by direct, privy, universal suffrage for 5 years. The Parliament is the supreme representative legislative body. The operating Parliament, which was elected in December 1995, consists of two houses. The Senate has 47 seats and the lower House, the "Mazhilis," has 67 seats. The elections to the lower House are conducted by direct, privy and universal suffrage. The elections to the Senate are conducted by indirect, privy voting. The term of office of Parliament is 4 years. The head of executive power in Kazakhstan is the government. The government is responsible to the President in its activity and is accountable to the Parliament of the republic in connexion with approval or alteration of the government programmes. The important political decisions in the state can be approved by the President, Government and the Parliament of the Republic.

President: Nursultan Nazarbayev Prime Minister: Daniyal Akhmetov History

Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers.

Culture:
Kazakh culture began to develop in the 13th century. Kazakh culture is largely influenced by nomadic lifestyle and Islam however, Orthodox Christianity have also contributed. Kazakhs culture was influenced by Turkish and Arabian World. Kazakhs are sunni muslims. Culture and tradition don't vary too much among Central Asia's Muslim nations.

Main agricultural products:

Grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock

GROUP - 2

15

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Main industrial products:

Oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromites, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials.

Economy:
The Government of Kazakhstan plans to double its Gross domestic product (GDP) by 2008 and triple by 2015 compared to 2000. The GDP growth was stable in last five years, and was higher than 9% (the second fastest growing economy in the world in real terms). The estimation for 2005 is 9.3 % growth in GDP. The GDP growth in 2004 was 9.4%. Kazakhstan's economy grew by 9.2% in 2003, buoyed by high world oil prices. GDP grew 9.5% in 2002; it grew 13.2% in 2001, up from 9.8% in 2000. The breakup of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse in demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products resulted in a short-term contraction of the economy, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97, the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digit growth in 2000-01 - and more than 9% per year in 2002-05 - thanks largely to its booming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreign investment. The opening of the Caspian Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. Kazakhstan also has begun work on an ambitious cooperative construction effort with China to build an oil pipeline that will extend from the country's Caspian coast eastward to the Chinese border. The country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the oil sector, by developing light industry. The policy aims to reduce the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel; the government has engaged in several disputes with foreign oil companies over the terms of production agreements, and tensions continue. Upward pressure on the local currency continued in 2005 due to massive oil-related foreign-exchange inflows.

GROUP - 2

16

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Indias total exports: Year Indias exports to Kazakhstan US$ million Growth% 50.08 45.7 46.88 74.81 79.40 84.18 -8.74 2.58 59.58 6.14 Indias imports from Kazakhstan US$ Growth% million 14.04 4.33 7.39 12.73 9.26 15.35 -47.33 72.14 -27.22 65.71

2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

Products which are exported to Kazakhstan are Coffee, Tea, Mate and Spices, Pharmaceutical Products, Articles of Leather, Saddlery & Bags etc. Products which are imported from Kazakhstan are machinery, mineral Fuels, Oils, articles of Iron or Steel, Plastics and Articles Thereof etc.

GROUP - 2

17

S.Y.B.M.S (A)

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Bibliography
We have gathered the core information from:www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.CIIonline.com www.Cia.com

Last but not the least our Prof. Nadeem Merchant who has guided us till the end and without whose assistance this wouldnt have being possible.

GROUP - 2

18