A Novel Implementation of SVPWM Algorithm and Its Application to Three-phase Power Converter

Xiaowei Zhang*, Yongdong Li, Wensen Wang Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China 100084 Fax: 8610-62783057, Phone: 8610-62786230

E-mail:liyd@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Abstract- In this paper a novel implementation method of the space voltage vector PWM algorithm for threephase power converter is proposed. The theoretical f principles o this implementation method are discussed. The results of its application using digital signal processor TMS320F240 are shown.

l q 0 1 0 ) ..................

::y 4.E...........a119 y,,,

I1

Key words: SVP WM algorithm

1. Introduction
In most industrial system, such as variable speed AC drive system and three-phase PWM converter, the sinetriangle PWM strategy is widely used due to its simplicity. The space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) [l-31 is another popular PWM strategy in which higher DC bus utilization and less harmonic distortion compared to sine PWM can be obtained. Although it is well suitable for digital implementation, the SVPWM technique is somewhat complex for some high performance variable speed AC drive system. In this paper, a novel implementation method based on SVPWM approach is proposed, and the principles of symmetric PWM waveforms generation is described. Such algorithm is conceptually simple and easy to be implemented for open loop or close-loop three-phase Fig 1 Space voltage vectors and a reference vector power conversion system in a DSP. Through experiments the characteristic of the proposed implement method is verified.

2. A Novel Algorithm Principles

The SVPWM technique of three-phase inverter described by H,W.Broeck[ 11 becomes very popular recently. In this section we will describe a novel algorithm principle. In Fig. 1 the eight available different switching vectors of the power converter are depicted in a-P coordinate. If a reference volta.ge vector V* is given in the hexagon area, as shown in Figl, this vector can be composed by the nearest two active vectors and zero vector as follows by assuming Ts (PWM carrier period) very short and the change of

* The author Xiaowei Zhang is an associate professor

of the Southwest Institute of Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China. Now she is the visiting scholar of Tsinghua University Beijing China.

i''

is relatively small.

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I+T,

T,P' =

jv*= T l v , + T 2 v 2+ To~o(OOOorl1 ) 1

In the open-loop controller, reference voltage vector should be the desired value of three-phase output voltage.

r*

The reference vector is composed at equal intervals of time Ts. T1 and T2 are the duration of the active vectors. In high performance variable-speed AC drive and three-phase PWM converter, stationary transformation from three-phase to a-p coordinate is generally used. In this case, the a-p components of reference voltage vector can be easily obtained by the output of close-loop controller. In open-loop control, the reference voltage vector

2.2 Switching time duration

In order to avoid overflow in micro-controller, it is assumed that the normalized value of

7'

is:

The a-p components become:

v = v cosa ,

A *

A *

va and

vpare obtained by

Qi T s i n a =
vector

(4)

mapping the desired three-phase output voltage to the a-

Where, a is the angle between a-axis and reference

p coordinate. Now, ?@ Tflhave been given, we can and

focus on the algorithm and software implementation issues. And a novel implementation of SVPWM by TMS320F240 DSP is given below.

;C;*

2.1 Reference voltage vector

In the close-loop

f*

controller,

the

voltage

vectors p and p have been obtained, the magnitude of a P reference voltage vector should be calculated as follows:

P*2= v,2+ v ;
according to the sign of the

(1)

v;
Fig 2 Relationship of reference vector in a-P plane

Then, we can determine which sector P' is located

v and vB ,that is: ,

According to the relation between the reference vector and its components as shown in Fig.2, the duration of active vectors T1, T2 and zero vector TO in sector I can be calculated.

FITl + V2T2cos 60" = V*T, cos a

(5)

V2T2sin 60" = V*T, sin a

V* is in sector I.

This vectors.

gives

the

switching
1 -

time

of
1

active
-

CZT,~ - V , T , 2
sin 60
O

(?U

- -V;)TS

J5-

P*is in sector VI
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The switching time expression in the sector I can be given in a general form as follows: 2q IC T, = -[sin(-k)V, J 5 3
.*
IC

- sector VI

Degree sector choice active states and zero states

0-60 I 60-120 I1 120-180111 180-2401V 240-300V 300-36OVI
000 000 000 000 000 000

- cos(-k)Vp]
3
- I)]V,
A +

IC

a*

100 010 001 001 010

100

110
110 101

011 011
101

T2 = -{-sin[-(k 2T,

J5

IC + cos[-(k 3

- l)]Vp)

A i

111 111 111 111 111 111

110 100 000 110 010 000 101 001 000 011 001 000 011 010 000 101 100 000

where k=l, 2, ...6 (sector number) After TI, T2, TO are obtained, the switching time for each bridge can be given by following forms:

3. Experimental results
To verify the proposed nasvel SVPWM algorithm, experiments are performed for PWM inverter by using TMS320F240. The prototype used is 2.2 W, 220V, 50Hz, three-phase induction motor drive fed from IGBT-based 2KVA inverter with a DC bus voltage of 310V. The drive schemes have been implemented for switching frequency 1OKHz and fundamental frequency 50Hz. The waveforms for the proposed novel implementation SVPWM algorithm are'shown in Fig4 -Fig7. Fig 4 and

1 T, =-To 4
1 1 Tb =-To +-T, 4 2

2.3 Switching Patterns

Fig.3 shows the three-phase symmetrical modulation switching patterns. Now, the switching time for each bridge of three-phase power converter has to be calculated. We use space vector PWM waveform generator- of- TMS320F240 DSP to generate . space vector PWM outputs. It greatly simplifies the generation of symmetric space vector PWM waveforms. The switching time is calculated in every carrier PWM period Ts. In different sectors, different switching patterns are output respectively.

Fig5 give the waveforms of phase voltage and line voltage on open loop. Fig6 and Fig7 give the waveforms a phase current. Fig 8 is the waveform of the phase voltage and current using the sine-triangle strategy. Fig
9 is the FFT analysis for the SVPWM algorithm.

From

these waveform, we can see thi3t through this method, the harmonic components can be reduced greatly, comparing to the sine-triangle specially the 31h and Sh, strategy. There is less spikes in the current waveform. And the FFT analysis shows tliat the high frequency component can be restrained obviously. Some other experiments have been done in different fundamental frequency to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.

. . .

. . .

. . .

4. Conclusion
A novel SVPWM algorithm has been described. It
Fig 3 Switching patterns of SVPWM at sector I

has been implemented for PWM converter using digital signal processor TMS320F240. The experimental results indicate that converter that adopt the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance. This algorithm has good characteristic. Either in open-loop control or close-loop-control-the proposed SVPWM algorithms can be applied with the TMS320F24O 50ns per instruction
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The selection of active states and zero states in all six sectors can be summarized as: table I

(20MIPS). Very complex control algorithms, such as speed sensor-less vector control of induction motors can be realized. The program of vector control algorithm can be completed with 1 OKHz sampling frequency. After the SVPWM algorithm programs have been made in the open-loop controller, the programs for the close-loop controller can be archived easily. So, novel SVPWM algorithm is very simple and easy to be used in different control systems.
B k m U 1ooksls
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Fig 7 Waveform of the phase voltage and current

'

[---T----h

IOAW
~

" '

'

',"

I '

" " "

Fig 8 Waveform of the voltage and current using the

6 Mar 2000

21

SI 39

sine-triangle strategy.

Fig 4 Waveform of the phase voltage

6 M W 1000 19 SI 4 1

Fig 5 Waveform of the line voltage

Fig 9 the FFT analysis result

References
[I] H. W. Vander Broeck and H. C. Skudelny, "Analysis and
realization of a pulse width modulator based on voltage space vectors" IEEE Trans. 1988, IA-24, (I). PP 142-150. [2] Dae-Woong Chung, Joohn-Sheok Kim, Seung-Ki SUI, "Unified voltage Modulation Technique for Real-time Threephase Power Conversion" IEEE Trans. 1998, IA-34.PP 374380. [3] GNarayanan and V.T.Ranganathan "Synchronised PWM strategies based on space vector approach. Part 1: Principles of waveform generation" IEE Proc-Elecre. Power. Appl. Vol.
146,No.3, May 1999

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