Assignment# 01 Submitted to: Sir Syed Amjad shah Submitted by: Faisal Rafique Roll no: 76 5th semester

section (B)

Mechanical Engineering

NFC-IEFR Faisalabad

Drilling Of a Work Piece Held in A Vice

The most common method of holding small work pieces is by means of a vise, which may be held hand against a table stop or clamped to the table. When drilling holes larger then inch (13 mm) in diameter, the vise should be clamped to the table.

1. Spot the hole location with a center drill.

2. Mount the correct-size drill in the chuck.

3. Set the drill press to the proper speed for the size of drill and type of material to be drilled. 4. Fasten a clamp or stop on the left side of the table. 5. Mount the work piece on the parallels in a drill vise and tighten it securely.
6. With the vise against the table stop, locate the spotted hole under the center

of the drill. 7. Start the drill press spindle and begin to drill the hole.
a) For holes up to inch (13 mm) in diameter, hold the vise against the

table or to stop by hand.

b) For holes over inch (13 mm) in diameter:

Lightly clamp the vise to the table with a clamp. Drill until the full drill point is into the work piece.

With the drill revolving, keep the drill point in the work piece and tighten the clamp holding the vise securely.
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8. Raise the drill occasionally and apply cutting fluid during the drilling

operation. 9. Ease up on the drilling pressure as the drill starts to break through the work piece.

Drilling to an Accurate Layout

If a hole must be drilled to an exact location, the position of the hole must be accurately laid out. During the drilling operation, it may be necessary to draw the drill point over so that it is concentric with the layout.

1. Clean and coat the surface of the work piece with layout dye.
2. Locates the position of the hole from two machined edges of the work

piece and scribe the lines.

3. Lightly prick-punch where the two lines intersects.

4. Check the accuracy of the punch mark with a magnifying glass and correct if necessary. 5. With a pair of dividers, scribe a circle to indicate the diameter of the hole required. 6. Scribe a test circle 0.060 inch. (1.5 mm) smaller than the hole size.
7. Punch four witness marks on circles up to 0.750 inch. (19 mm) in

diameter and eight witness marks on larger circles.

8. Deepen the center of the hole location with a center punch to provide a

larger indentation for the drill to follow.

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9. Center drill the work piece to just beyond the depth of the drill.

10.Mount the proper size drill in the machine and drill a hole to a depth equal to one-half to two-thirds of the drill diameter.
11. Examine the drill indentation; it should be concentric with the inner

proof circle.
12. If the spotting is off center, cut shallow V-grooves with a cape or

diamond point chisel on the side toward which the drill must be moved. 13.Start the drill in the spotted and grooved hole. The drill will be drawn toward the direction of the grooves. 14.Continue cutting grooves into the spotted hole until the drill point is drawn center of the scribed circles. Note: The drill point must be drawn to the center of the scribed circle before the drill has to cut or spotted to the drills diameter. 15.Continue to the drill the hole to the desired depth.

TO GRIND A DRILL
A general purpose drill has an included point angle of 118 and a lip clearance of from 8 to 12. Follow these steps to grind a drill: 1. Be sure to wear approved safety glasses. 2. Check the grinding wheel and dress it, if necessary, to sharpen and/or straighten the wheel face. 3. Adjust the grinder tool rest so that it is with in .060 inches (1.5 mm) of the wheel face. 4. Examine the drill point and the margins for wear. If there is any wear on the margins, it will be necessary to grind the point of the drill back until all margin wear has been removed. 5. Hold the drill near the point with one hand, and with the other hand hold the shank of the drill slightly lower than the point. 6. Move the drill so that it is approximately 59 to the face of the grinding wheel. 7. Hold the lip or cutting edge of the drill parallel to the grinder tool rest. 8. Bring the lip of the drill against the grinding wheel and slowly lower the drill shank.

DRILLING HINTS
The following hints should help many problems that could affect the accuracy of the hole and the efficiency of the drilling operation 1. Treat the cutting tool with care; they can be damaged through careless use, handling and storage. 2. Always examine the condition of the drill point before use and, is necessary, re-sharpen it. Donor use dull tools. 3. Make sure that the drill point angle is correct for the type of material to be drilled.

4. Set the correct revolutions per minute (rev/min) for the size of drill and the work piece materials. Too high a speed quickly dulls a drill, and too low a speed causes a small drill to break. 5. Set up the work so that the drill will not cut into the table, parallels, or drill vise as it breaks through the work piece. 6. The work piece should always be clamped securely for drilling operation. For small diameter holes, a clamp or stop fastened to the left hand side of the table will prevent the work from swinging. 7. The end of the work piece farthest from the hole should be placed on the lefthand side of the table so that, if the work catches, it will not swing toward the operator. 8. Always clean a tapered drill shank, the sleeve, and the machine spindle before inserting the drill. 9. Use the shortest drill length possible and/or hold it short in the chuck to prevent breakage.
10. It is a good practice to start each hole with a center drill. The small point of

the center drill will pick up a center punch mark accurately; the center-drilled hole will provide a guide for the drill to follow. 11. Thin work pieces, such as sheet metal, should be clamped to a hardwood block for drilling. This prevents the work from catching and steadies the drill point as it breaks through the work piece. 12. 13. 14. The chips from each flute should be the same shape; if the chip turns blue during drilling, check the drill point condition and the speed of the drill press. A drill squeak usually indicates a dull drill. Stops the machine and examine the condition of the drill point; re-grind the drill if necessary. When increased pressure must be applied during a drilling operation, the reason is generally a dull drill or a chip caught in the hole between the drill and the work; correct these conditions before proceeding.

Drilling Round Work in a V-Block

V-Block may used to hold round work for drilling. Round work is seated in the accurately machined V-groove. Small diameter may be held in space with a Ushaped clamp, and large diameters are fastened with strap clamps. Select a V-block to suit the diameter of round work to be drilled. If the work is long, use a pair of V-blocks.
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Mount the work in the V-block and then rotate it until the centre-punch mark is in the centre of the work piece. With a rule and square, check that the distance from both sides is equal. Tighten the U-clamp securely on the work in the V-block or hold the work and V-block in a vise. Spot the hole location with a centre drill. Mount the proper drill size and set the machine to the correct speed. Drill the hole, being sure that the drill does not hit the V-block or vise when it breaks through the work.

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Machine Reaming a Straight Hole

A hole that must be finished to size should be reamed immediately after it has been drilled and while the hole is still aligned with the drill press spindle. This will ensure that the reamer follows the same location as the drill. 1- Mount the work on the parallels in a vise and fasten it securely to the table.
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Select the proper-size drill for the reaming allowance required and drill the hole. this time. NOTE.: Do not move the work or drill press table at

3- Mount the proper reamer in the drill press. 4- Adjust the spindle speed to suit the reamer and the work material. 5- Start drill press and carefully lower the spindle until the chamfer on the reamer starts to cut. 6- Apply cutting fluid and feed the reamer by Appling enough pressure to keep the reamer cutting. 7- Remove the reamer from the hole by raising the down feed handle. 8- Shut off the machine and remove the burr from the edge of the hole.