Sie sind auf Seite 1von 17

Technical Communication TECB213

Groups Name: i Group Members Name and ID: 1. Khairul Anwar Bin Abu Bakar (EE082036) 2. Zulherry Bin Manarudin (ME082126) 3. Mahamud Saed Yasin (ME084671) 4. Isse Hassan (CE084664) 5. Muhammad Ismat Faris (EP084833) Section: 6 Lecturers Name: Mr. Ng Yu Jin Title: drogen ric gas rom oi pa m biomass as a potentia source o rene ab e energ in Ma a sia

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

T e or ds energ consumption, or t e transportation in dependent or t e ossi ue s.T is lead is seriously effect in the environmental. The increasing energy demands will speed up to exhaustion of the finite fossil fuel. Moreover combustion of fossil fuel produces substantial greenhouse gases (GHG) and toxic gases such as CO2, CH4, SO2 and other pollutants, causing global warming and acid rain. Progressive emission of GHG has been identified as the main cause of global warming and the target is to limit global temperature rise. Since the closing of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has received submissions of national pledges to cut or limit emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 from 75 Parties, which together account for more than 80% of global emissions from energy use). To achieve this, it is issue to develop suitable long-term strategies based on especially to find a profitable or practical use for of renewable fuel that would gradually substitute the declining fossil fuel production; the alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, associated with the environment and readily available.

Biomass is one of the most abundant renewable resources; it is by fixing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the process of plant photosynthesis and, therefore, it is carbon neutral in its lifecycle. Biomass provides a clean, renewable energy source that could dramatically improve the environment, economy and energy security. Annual global production of palm oil waste amounts to 184 million tons. Are produced about 53 million tons of waste palm oil annually in Malaysia alone, and increasing annually by 5%. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel or gas to power stations and transport sectors, which are produced from renewable energy sources such as biomass. Hydrogen was found to be well-suited for this purpose as it is clean, high calorific value fuel. From the perspective of the above, and research throughout the world and focus towards the hydrogen economy Hydrogen will become a major energy resource in the future. As industrial Malaysia Palm oil produced a huge amount of residues of palm oil for every year, there was more interest in the use palm oil biomass of biofuel production, this review is focused on the thermochemical conversion routes for hydrogen production based on biomass of oil palm, as it more economical and practical, if hydrogen used as energy. Currently for hydrogen production is other method such as natural gas reforming is the objective of petrochemical production, but it does not pay for energy a brief introduction of the biomass of the palm oil in Malaysia is presented followed by an examination of the effect of different types of catalyst on the hydrogen yield from biomass.

1:2 statement of the problem

The huge amount of biomass readily available in abundance certainly guarantees its sustainable supply allowing being continuous operation of the process yearlong with this realization, thus the study of new and better method of production is processed with the title as flowing.

Emission of greenhouse gasses progressive greenhouse gases (GHGS), including generation plants have been identified as the main cause of global warming renewable energy has attracted a lot of interest with the emergence of large of studies and research produced annually.

Expert and policy makers widely agree that the reduction of calamite c anges greatest threat mankind and a challenge for the 21st century and beyond about 80%of world consumption of primary energy is still dependent on fuel.

1.3 Objective Of the study The objective of this study is to examine the advantages of hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source of renewable energy in Malaysia , at the moment there is increasing interesting concerning oil palm energy and is the most important to production in hydrogen from biomass by catalytic routes there are thermo-chemical conversion technology which can applied for hydrogen production from biomass .Can be directly related to the activity of Dolomite Cao, the content of Fe203, pore Size and distribution. A major problem with the use of dolomite is the deactivation due to carbon deposits and material that is soft and fragile, however and dolomite cheap and easily replaceable. Has been published a large amount of work in the field of cleaning hot gas from the gasification of biomass using nickel catalysts. Nickel based catalysts are very effective for tar and removal of modify the composition of the gas collection gas quality. Nickel can be additional, dolomite olivine significant improvement In activity towards the conversion of consisting mainly of hydrocarbons to produce by the destructive distillation of organic substances such as wood, coal, or peat.

1.4 Research Questions

How much hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass can we produce in Malaysia in a year? What is the cost to produce one hydrogen rich gas energy generator? Where is the area in Malaysia that is suitable to implement the project?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will be a significant endeavour in producing alternative energy in Malaysia besides fuel and the combustion of charcoal. This study will also be beneficial to anyone who wants to develop power generation of hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass in Malaysia. By understanding the increasing demand of alternative energy in Malaysia, this study will help to achieve it. This study will also guide anyone that is going to do the research in this area in future. Moreover, this research will provide recommendations on how to evaluate the practicality of implementing the project in Malaysia.

1.6 The Scope of the Report/Limitation of Study As the world second largest producer and exporter of palm oil in 2006, Ma a sias pa m oi industry leaves behind huge amount of biomass from its plantation and milling activity, way much larger as compared to other types of biomass. Therefore biomass from oil palm industry has potential to be converted to commercial products such as animal food, fertilizer and absorbent. It can also be converted to bio-fuel such as bio-ethanol or can be used to generate electricity.

Biomass has been a major source of energy in the world until before industrialization when fossil fuels become dominant and researches have proven from time to time its viability for large-scale production. Although there has been some successful industrial-scale production of renewable energy from biomass, generally this industry still faces a lot of challenges including the availability of economically viable technology, sophisticated and sustainable natural resources management, and proper market strategies under competitive energy markets.

Amidst these challenges, the development and implementation of suitable policies by the local policy-makers is still the single and most important factor that can determine a successful utilization of renewable energy in a particular country. Ultimately, the race to the end line must begin with the proof of biomass ability to sustain in a long run as a sustainable and reliable source of renewable energy.

Thus, the scope of this report is to present the potentialavailability of oil palm biomass that can be converted to hydrogen (leading candidate positioned as the energy of the millennium) through gasification reaction in supercritical water, as a source of renewable energy to policymakers. Moreover, this represent the current scenario of biomass in Malaysia ranging from issues related to availability of feedstock, biomass conversion technologies as well as present status of oil palm industry in contributing towards sustainable and renewable energy.

1.7 Operational Definition Biomass is any organic matter such as wood, crops, seaweed, animal wastes that can be used as an energy source. Biomass is a renewableenergy source because its supplies are not limited since we can always grow trees and crops, and waste will always exist (Secondary energy info book, 2011). Hydrogen (H2) is one of the simplest atoms in this earth that has one proton and one electron. The energy content in hydrogen very high compared to other fuel and also a very light gas at normal temperature and pressure. Hydrogen gas can be found only in compound form. For example hydrogen combined with oxygen is water (H2O), combined with carbon it forms organic compounds such as methane (CH4), coal, and petroleum. It is found in all growing things (biomass). drogen is a so one o t e most abundant e ements in t e Eart s crust (Secondar

energy info book, 2011).

The main method to convert hydrogen from biomass is thermo-chemical. There are three subheadings for producing hydrogen from biomass which are pyrolysis, gasification and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). 1. Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is conversion of biomass to liquid, solid and gaseous fractions by heating the biomass in the absence of air at around 500 C temperature. In addition to gaseous product, pyrolysis produces a liquid product called bio-oil, which is the basis of several

processes for the development of the various energy fuels and chemicals.Firstly, hydrogen can be produced by steam reforming of pyrolysis liquid obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass. Secondly, the pyrolysis process is carried out around 700 C and including the removal of tar content of the gas and improving the quality of the product gas (Kalinci, Hepbasli and Dincer, 2009). 2. Gasification Gasification is the conversion of biomass into a combustible gas mixture via the partial oxidation at high temperatures, typically varying from 800 to 900 C.Biomass is converted completely to CO and H2 although in practice some CO2, water and other hydrocarbons including methane in an ideal gasification (Kalinci, Hepbasli and Dincer, 2009). 3. SCWG The properties of water displayed beyond critical point plays a significant role for chemical reactions, especially in the gasification process. When water reaches the critical point (temperature >374 C, pressure >22 MPa), the properties of both liquid and gas become identical. Over the critical point, the properties of this supercritical water (SCW) vary in between liquid-like or gas-like conditions. SCW is completely miscible with organic substance as well as with gases (Kalinci, Hepbasli and Dincer, 2009).

Chapter 2: Review of Literature INTRODUCTION The search for renewable energy in Malaysia has led us to hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source. This report will be based on how this potential source can be applied as renewable energy and what are the information needed I the process. This research will show how efficient to hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source in Malaysia, the cost involved, the area that suitable to implement this project and other relevant information. Fuel as main energy source is decreasing in amount and the need to survive has made us realize that this study must be done to enhance the producing and using of renewable energy. This research will justify the significance of hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source of renewable energy in Malaysia.

The body The gas from oil palm biomass has been identified as, resource, sustainable renewable energy, specifically countries with abundant agricultural activities, for instance, Malaysia is regarded as or ds argest producer o pa m oi in accordance o its production o uge quantities of palm

oil, as estimated in the year of 2004 Malaysia produced more than 25 million oil palm biomass where by generating in the form of empty fruit bunch, shell, and fiber. These biomasses are considered potential source of renewable energy that will get to be exploited efficiently. So that exploiting and using these biomasses as renewable energy, will have significant advantage in many aspects, for instance using this renewable energy will minimize the constant dependency on fossil fuels, as well will cause reduction of net carbon dioxide emissions which will have significant impact to the global effort of reducing global warming. However palm oil biomass renewable energy needs advanced technology that can enable in the process of biomass conversion into biofuel efficiently as well economically. There is Pilot project destined to do the job of conversion oil palm biomass into green fuel using supercritical water technology , named as, PLANT PRODUCTION OF GREEN FUEL FROM PALM OIL BIOMASS USING SUPERCRITICAL WATER TECHNOLOGY. This pilot project is run by Malaysian Scientist as the aim of their research is to develop Technology that converts oil palm biomass into green fuel using supercritical water technology;

they have great expectations of that technology which could convert oil palm biomass to green fuel using supercritical water. Efficient utilization of solid biomass, as well as to convert waste product (oil palm biomass) to a product that has high commercial value (Green Fuel). Reports have suggested potential route to convert biomass to biofuel such hydrogen (H2) and bio oil (Viscos liquid containing hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen) could be performed via super critical fluid technology. Therefore supercritical fluid technology is a substance that is at conditions of temperature and pressure that are above its vapor-liquid critical point, at the condition of supercritical fluid does not meet the criteria of liquid because it can be made to boil by decreasing the pressure at constant temperature, a so its not vapor cooling at constant pressure could not cause to condense.

Summary o ever t eres sti researc t at ad been carried out or t is project as or orc estrating new Technology that has the potential ability to perform conversion of biomass into green fuel as to be ound. W i e t e tec no og is made and read or test its be ieved t at t at t e green fuel will significant impact to the dominated market of fossil fuel and will result encourage and boost confidence to further innovations.

CONCLUSION Nowadays, palm oil industries have become important industries in this country. Since there is large growth in these industries, a lot of unwanted wastes been produced during the production of oil palm. The main concern is to convert all of the unwanted wastes into useful renewable energy. Based on analysis of other researcher founding, oil palm mill wastes can be converted into solid bio-fuel and biogas that are very useful as a fuel in generating power or electricity. These can reduce the consumption of fossil fuel and natural gas that has been used since a long time ago. Besides that, all these types of renewable energy are environmental friendly fuel since there are no greenhouse effects produced when using this fuel. Several considerations need to be made in order to produce hydrogen gas from the oil palm waste. Many experiments have been done in this field by other researcher and they have come out with several methods in producing the hydrogen gas. However, more research and development need to be done in enhancing the technologies of producing hydrogen gas from biomass in order to get a fuel that has equal or better characteristic compare to natural gases.

References The NEED project, 2011. Secondary energy infobook. Retrieved from http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/HydrogenS.pdf and http://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/BiomassS.pdf

Kalinci, Y., Hepbalis, A. and Dincer, I. (2009).International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.Biomass based hydrogen production: A review and analysis, 34(21). Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319909013391#sec3.1.1

M.A.A. Mohammeda, A. Salmiatona, W.A.K.G. Wan Azlinaa, M.S. Mohammad Amrana, A. Fakhru -Razia, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap. Volume 15, Issue 2, February (2011), Pages 1258-1270. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110003436

K.Y.T. LEN. March (2009). Gasification Of Oil Palm Biomass In Hot Compressed Water (HCW) For Production Of Synthesis Gas. Retrieved from http://eprints.usm.my/10191/1/GASIFICATION_OF_OIL_PALM_BIOMASS_IN_HOT_COMPRESSE D.pdf

M.Abdullah September (2006) PILOT PLANT PRODUCTION OF GREEN FUEL FROM PALM OIL BIOMASS USING SUPERCRITICAL WATER TECHNOLOGY. Retrieved from http://www.researchsea.com/html/article.php/aid/1020/cid/2?PHPSESSID=c00596b9qallfdd5if jptmuls2

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen