THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

PART I
The excretory system is also often called URINARY SYSTEM. The urinary system removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine. Other important functions of this system include maintaining the bodys water and salt (electrolyte) balance and regulating the acid-base balance of the blood.

The Urinary system is one of the bodys four (4) organ systems responsible for excretion (removal of wastes from the body). The other three (3) excretory organ systems are: The respiratory system excretes carbon dioxide, small amounts of gases, and water. The integumentary system excretes water, inorganic salts, lactic acid, and urea in the sweat. The digestive system eliminates food residue and excretes water, salts, carbon dioxide, lipids (organic compounds in fats), bile pigments, cholesterol, and other metabolic wastes.

PART II: DIAGRAM ORGANS of the URINARY SYSTEM

A. ____________
small, dark red organs with a kidney-bean shape lie against the backside of the body. bears the major responsibility for eliminating nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing ) wastes, toxins and drugs from the body Each kidney contains over a millionm of tiny structures called nephrons which is responsible for forming urine

PARTS OF THE KIDNEY

1. Renal Vein 2. Renal Pelvis 3. Renal Artery 4. Medulla 5. Cortex 6. CALYCES

B. ___________________________
Two slender tubes each 25 to 30 cm long and 6 mm in diameter. Are passageways that carry urine from the kidneys to bladder. Once urine has entered the bladder, it prevented from flowing back into the ureters by small valvelike folds of bladder mucosa that flap over the ureter openings. A smooth, collapsible muscular sac that stores urine temporarily. The purpose of the urinary bladder is to store urine prior to elimination of the urine from the body. A moderately full bladder is about 12.5 cm (5 inches) long and holds about 500 ml of urine, but is capable of holding more than twice that amount.

C. ____________________________
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PARTS OF URINARY BLADDER

1. URETERAL OPENINGS 2. DETRUSOR MUSCLE

D. ____________________________
A thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The length and relative function of the urethra differ in the two sexes. In women, it is about 3 to 4 cm long. In men, the urethra is approximately 20 cm long. In males, the urethra has a double function, it carries urine out of the body and provides the passageway through which the sperm is ejected from the sperm. 2 URETHRAL SPHINCTER Internal sphincter External sphincter:

1.

2.

3. 4.

PART III: TEAMWORK

PART IV: FUN FACTS

In a healthy adult, almost 440 gallons of blood is passed through the kidneys on a daily basis, thereby resulting in formation of almost 1 liter of urine. However, this amount varies with the amount of water (or fluid) intake and the amount of sweat produced by the body. Urine is almost odorless when it leaves a healthy body. Surprised! Well, another surprising urine fact is that urine is also sterile when it leaves the body. It does contain metabolic wastes, salts and fluids, however, it is devoid of viruses, bacteria and fungi. Once the urine comes outside the body, bacteria in the air converts chemicals present in it to other forms of smelly chemicals like ammonia, etc. So this is how the foul smell of urine comes! Urine is often diluted and added to potted plants and plants in gardens. This is because, the adequate urea content in urine is a wonderful source of nitrogen to plants. So if you have a garden, you now know what to do! Have you heard of urine therapy? Well, urine therapy involves application of urine for medical or cosmetic purposes. People apply urine on the skin and even drink urine for medicinal benefits. Don't freak out, they drink their own urine only! Moreover, during wars in historic times, urine was applied on open wounds to destroy bacteria, due to its antiseptic qualities. According to them, the darker the urine, the more effective the urine! Urinary Incontinence oocurs when we are unable to voluntarily control the external sphincter. Ancient rome used urine as bleaching agent for cleaning cloths. The yellow colour of urine was once thought to come from gold. Alchemists in the middle ages spent much time trying to extract gold.

PREPARED BY: MARIAFE J. VILLAMARAZO | HANNAH MAE GUIRIOA | FREDDIE SOLVER | PRINCESS ANN CLERIGO | JOY MONTEZ |