Project Report On 3D PRINTING (PRINTING SECTOR)

Submitted to: Dr. Anjani Kumar Singh Assistant Professor Department of Entrepreneurship

For the subject: Emerging Business Sectors & New Technology

By Rajat khanna Roll No.-28 MBA-Entrepreneurship

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. 1

Particulars CHAPTER 1: PRINTING INDUSTRY SECTOR Industry Overview SWOT analysis of industry sector Major Players in the industry sector Status of Indian print industry Foreign Direct Investment Growth of the Industry sector

Page No. 1 1 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 16 17

CHAPTER 2: TECHNOLOGY 3D Printing

Name of the Technology Challenges faced in implementing technology Implications Commercialization of 3D printing Return on Investment (ROI)

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CHAPTER 1: PRINTING INDUSTRY

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OVERVIEW

Over the years, the printing industry has grown in all parts of the globe. The advent of TV and Internet has not affected the growth of and requirement for printing professionals. The industry has made giant strides in recent times in improving its machinery in terms of the scope, technology and speed. Computers and electronics have invaded all the departments of printing, improving quality and speed of the jobs executed with the consequent enhancement of costs enormously. In fact, the arrival of computers has complemented the printing business and has played a vital role in increasing its status as a clean profession. So-Called Hubs for Printing Industry There is a set of industry players which are growing systematically and regularly. These kinds of set-ups do not belong to any specific region of India but are scattered all over the country. The so-called clusters of printing Industry are present in North: (Amritsar, Delhi, Faridabad) - West: (Ahmedabad, Bombay, ) South: ( Bangalore, Coimbatore, Madras). The publishing firms in the private sector is also quite large in number and these are scattered throughout the country. But majority of these are very small in operation and each one of these may not be producing more than a dozen titles in a year. These are also confined to producing titles in Indian regional languages and catering to the needs of the local markets. Only a few (about 10%) of the publishing concerns in India are reasonably large producing more than 50 titles annually and are equipped with proper infrastructures such as printing presses and distribution networks. In totality, today Indian publishing is one of the greatest in the world and the country is counted among the top seven publishing nations. Increasing number of printers are adopting newer and modern technologies. The growth of such organisations indicate that recession is nothing but a changing trend towards adoption of new style of working. The modern style of business is completely in favour of the consumers. It ensures that they get optimum quality products at bare minimum price . Probably in all areas of life the consumers are getting products at most competitive prices, which is definitely lower than yesterdays prices and printing industry is no exception. To meet this challenge, people in the printing industry have to find the solutions and not fret on decline in prices. Some printers with a vision have already taken a step towards it and are able to produce printed products at much lower unit price by adopting new technologies.

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FACTS ABOUT PRINTING INDUSTRY

- More than 1,30,000 all types of printing presses in India - More than 10 Million family involved in the Industry - 20 Billion + Turnover - Per capita consumption of Paper & boards - 4.5 KGs - Machinery New and Second Hand, used is predominately from China, England, France. Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherland, Switzerland, Spain, Taiwan, USA. Employment created by Printing Industry Total No. of Printing Presses Turnover Directly 7,00,000 1,30,000 20 Billion + Indirectly 4,50,000 60,000( offset, sheetfed - webfed)

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SWOT ANALYSIS

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Major players in India

1) THOMAS PRESS:

Thomson Press Printing Division comprises of one PrePress and two Printing units in Delhi, one printing unit in Chennai and one printing & Book Bindery unit in Delhi exclusively for exports.

2) M/s SUBRAMANIAM BROTHERS PRIVATE LIMITED

SBP is one of the leading and experienced Paper Trading Company in South India and was established in 1942. SBP is also a wholesale dealers for various paper Mills in India for variety of Printing Paper, Kraft Paper, Creamwove Paper, Duplex Board. Maplitho, Xerox Copier and Bond Paper We have entered manufacturing activity recently and now manufacture various paper stationery items as listed herebelow. Various Indian GOD Pictures of Artistic , Thematic and Religious Values, Various Stationery Items, Notebooks Memo Pads Writing pads Diaries in attractive designs and colors.

3) PRAGATHI OFFSET PVT. LTD.

POP is a forty year old company catering to the high-quality printing requirements of customers worldwide. We are a one-stop service provider with prepress, printing and finishing/bindery under a single roof. With 6 presses capable of 4-6 colour printing at speeds of upto 15,000 impressions per hour and sizes of upto 28.5 x 40, we have the capacity and the redundancy built into the system to handle your

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largest jobs with the quickest turn-around time

5) ANDERSON PRINTING HOUSE

ANDERSON Printing House Pvt Ltd has entered country's elite printing club with its recent installation of computer-to-plate technology system from Heidelberg India, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Heidelberger AG of Germany.

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STATUS OF INDIAN PRINT INDUSTRY

The Indian Print Industry has undergone a revolutionary change in the last 15 years. In 1990, India initiated a process of reforms aimed at shedding protectionism and embracing liberalization of the economy. Privatization was initiated with the aim of integrating the Indian economy with the world economy. This change opened the doors for the Indian Print Industry to modernize, by investing in the latest of technology and machinery. The average compound annual growth rate has been higher than 12% over the last 15 years. Our packaging industry is currently growing at a rate of more than 16% a year. Prior to 1990, most printers found it easy to invest in East German and Czechoslovakian machines. Post 1990, the trend has been to acquire the latest and the best equipment & machines. The progressive printers of today are equipped with the latest computer controlled printing machines and flow lines for binding, while state of the art digital technologies are being used in pre-press. Leading print companies have optimized the use of information technology in each and every area of their business. These printers are today equipped at par with the best print production facilities in the world. Today, India is fast becoming one of the major print producer & manufacture of printed paper products for the world markets. The quality standards have improved dramatically and immense production capacities have been created. Some printers have won recognition by winning prizes at international competition for excellence in printing. The current annual turnover of all the components in the Indian printing industry are more than Rs.50,000 crores. That is in the region of USD 11 Billion.

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Indian books, journals and printing jobs, etc. are being exported to over 120 countries of the world both developed and developing. Indian exports of books, printed pamphlets, newspapers & periodicals, job printing and printed materials during 2004-05 was estimated to the tune of USD 550 million.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Indian printing industry suggests that growth is due to relaxed governmental policy, allowing the expansion of foreign ownership holdings from zero to 26%. The decision of the Government to permit 26 per cent foreign direct investment in the printing industry betrays a disturbing lack of foresight and depth of understanding in dealing with sensitive matters which affect the people.

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3D PRINTING INDUSTRY GROWTH

Indian Printing Industry has been considered as one of the largest industries, with the growth of 12.5% y y y More than 160,000 Printing Presses in active operation all over the country. 1.6 million work force 18 Printing Engineering Colleges, Several diploma schools and many print training institutions. y Over 2000 Printing Graduates every year.

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CHAPTER 2 3D PRINTING

3D PRINTING What is 3D Printing? 3D printing involves having the computer sending the coordinates for a 3D object to an output device (a 3D Printer) that employs the same ink-jet printer principle that is used to print on paper. However, in this case the printer deposits successive layers of material to build up a full-scale 3D model. The material used can be powder, plastics, resins or even metals. In the case of powder, the printer is actually delivering ultra-thin layers of powder onto a surface, one on top of another, until it produces a 3D model. With each successive run of the printer head, the powder that is deposited is then given a spray of a binding liquid that' helps to harden the powder and help form a solid object. The end-result of this process might be a model which designers can use to verify a products design qualities before full-scale manufacturing begins, or it might be an end-use specialty product ranging from a component in a complex aircraft engine to a consumer medical or dental implant. The big benefits of 3D printing is its low cost and speed. The printers can generally produce models in as little as one-tenth the time it takes other types of machines. 3-D Printer-produced models are throwaway models that allow you to see things you would not be able to see as well on a computer with a CAD system. The beauty of this approach is people can hold the proposed design, study it, and get a good feel for its shape.

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Process: A big machine takes a raw material, today mostly plastics and some metals, and melts them into a microscopic layer. And then another layer. And then another layer. Until you end up with an actual object. Thanks to 3D printing, to manufacture something today, you need only a printer, raw material, and software to tell the printer what to print. This is why it's a big deal: it's potentially the biggest change in how we make things since the invention of assembly lines made the modern era possible.

3D PRINTING TODAY

According to several reports, the sale of 3D printers and associated services like software is already a billion dollar market. But nobody disputes that 3D printing is very far from a utopian 3D-printer-on-every-desk future. Today most 3D printing technology uses too few materials, and is too crude in some ways, for most finished products we buy today. 3D PRINTING FUTURE

3D printing is going to be a huge industry because it's much more efficient than traditional manufacturing. The main reason is that the current way to manufacture things is to chip away at a block or sheets of raw material, whereas 3D printing adds raw material as needed. Current manufacturing processes create as much as 90% waste. So even if 3D printing is limited to the business world, it's going to be a huge industry. And the printer in every home scenario isn't that far-fetched either -- only as far-fetched as "a computer in every home" was in 1975. Like any other piece of technology, 3D printers are always getting cheaper and better. 3D printers today can be had for about $5,000. So, how do we get from here to there, what are the pitfalls, the opportunities and the big questions?

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Today, 3D printers are too unreliable, slow, rough, and manufacturing large objects is costprohibitive. It's hard to build objects with high polish. But early cars were slow, dangerous, and notoriously unreliable. The biggest difference between today's manufacturing and a 3D printing world is going to be the advent of mass customization. When each product is printed individually from software, there's never going to be a reason to buy something that looks like something someone else owns. Companies will have to change not just their manufacturing but their product lines, marketing and even business models. A serious question is whether 3D printing will be a "jobless industry." History and economics teaches us that new industries often end up creating more jobs than they destroy, either directly (blacksmiths replaced by car repairmen) or indirectly through higher economic growth, but there's a not-insignificant chance that 3D printing might be an exception. To be sure, 3D printing will create many jobs: in a world where anyone can make and sell most kinds of items, many people will profit and create new industries. But it's not sure that these people will be more numerous than all the manufacturing jobs that will be lost.

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CHALLENGES FACED IN IMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGY Each method has its advantages and drawbacks, and consequently some companies offer a choice between powder and polymer as the material from which the object emerges. Generally, the main considerations are speed, cost of the printed prototype, cost of the 3D printer, choice and cost of materials and colour capabilities. One method of 3D printing consists of an inkjet printing system. The printer creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder (plaster, orresins) and inkjet printing a binder in the cross-section of the part. The process is repeated until every layer is printed. This technology is the only one that allows for the printing of full color prototypes. This method also allows overhangs. It is also recognized as the fastest method In digital light processing (DLP), a vat of liquid polymer is exposed to light from a DLP projector under safelight conditions. The exposed liquid polymer hardens. The build plate then moves down in small increments and the liquid polymer is again exposed to light. The process repeats until the model is built. The liquid polymer is then drained from the vat, leaving the solid model. The ZBuilder Ultra is an example of a DLP rapid prototyping system. Fused deposition modeling, a technology developed by Stratasys that is used in traditional rapid prototyping, uses a nozzle to deposit molten polymer onto a support structure, layer by layer. Another approach is selective fusing of print media in a granular bed. In this variation, the unfused media serves to support overhangs and thin walls in the part being produced, reducing the need for auxiliary temporary supports for the workpiece. Typically a laser is used to sinter the media and form the solid. Examples of this are selective laser sintering and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) using metals. Yet another approach uses a synthetic resin that is solidified using led lights. Finally, ultra-small features may be made by the 3D microfabrication technique of 2-photon photopolymerization. In this approach, the desired 3D object is traced out in a block of gel by a focused laser. The gel is cured to a solid only in the places where the laser was focused, due to

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the nonlinear nature of photoexcitation, and then the remaining gel is washed away. Feature sizes of under 100 nm are easily produced, as well as complex structures such as moving and interlocked parts. Unlike stereolithography, inkjet 3D printing is optimized for speed, low cost, and ease-of-use, making it suitable for visualizing during the conceptual stages of engineering design through to early-stage functional testing. No toxic chemicals like those used in stereolithography are required, and minimal post printing finish work is needed; one need only to use the printer itself to blow off surrounding powder after the printing process. Bonded powder prints can be further strengthened by wax or thermoset polymer impregnation. FDM parts can be strengthened by wicking another metal into the part.

Implications for Traditional Manufacturing It is doubtful that this new generation of 3D printers can replace traditional manufacturing methods such as injection molding, machined or milled parts and manufacturing line assembly. However I do believe that small and medium specialty manufactures should consider implementing 3D printing processes for individual steps or subsystems in a traditional line manufacturing process. It is very possible that these new low cost printers would help reduce overall manufacturing costs. Implications for Consumers Many people in the 3-d printing industry fully believe every household will have a device thats capable of printing any solid object, and even basic mechanical objects. Imagine pressing the bowl or cup button on the 3D printer in the kitchen, followed by the fork or spoon button. It would even work for larger objects like cutting boards and colanders and laundry baskets and it would be easy enough to provide fairly extensive customization, too: a stripy cup, with colors of your choosing, a narrower fork, a bowl that is perfectly tapered to support and grip an unwieldy watermelon, and so on.

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Implications for Healthcare

Experts also see a bright future for 3D printing in the medical industry. 3D printing technology is currently being studied by biotechnology firms and academia for possible use in tissue engineering applications where organs and body parts are built using inkjet techniques. Layers of living cells are deposited onto a gel medium and slowly built up to form three dimensional structures. Future applications include Organ printing, bio-printing, computer-aided tissue engineering.

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COMMERCIALIZATION OF 3D PRINTING

Rapid prototyping. This was the early, and still the biggest business case for 3D printing. In plenty of industries from architecture to aerospace, the drawing board and computer screen only takes you so far. You need to build tangible prototypes to move forward. That used to be a big expense, and more importantly, a huge time-suck: there's no reason a designer should have to wait days for someone to make a prototype until they can move forward. With a 3D printer, designers can have a rough prototype quickly and be much more productive. The word "designers" is making it sound like it's a few guys in Brooklyn, but 3D printing is already changing the way we make buildings, cars and planes.

Specialty manufacturing. 3D printing is already being used for finished products, but still in specific niches. Some industrial components that would be costly or complex to manufacture are already being 3D-printed. One exciting area with huge potential is prosthetics, where 3D printer allow highly customized prosthetics to be made.

Hobbyists. One of the reasons why you hear about 3D printing is that there's a small but vocal and growing hobbyists community who enjoy making small doodads. The hobbyist component of 3D printing doesn't sound impressive, until you realize that the first people who cared about things like cars, planes and personal computers were hobbyists.

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RETURN ON INVESTMENT ROI of 3D Printing is 40% The largest advantages of owning your own machine have less direct to do with accounting, and more to do with flexibility, quality control, logistics and scheduling. Of course these factors eventually translate to meaningful numbers for accounting but sometimes take a bit longer to do so. One has also to consider that when you have it in-house you can do the stuff which otherwise you would not have done because of costing, etc.. Another thing which you might consider is selling the extra time. Being on the side of selling both systems and services here's the what I've noticed in the last 15 years. Those that start off outsourcing reach a certain point where they are doing a lot parts and/or spending a fair amount on outsourcing where they've justified purchasing a system. Often times once they get the system in-house their return on investment is very short, sometimes months because they end up doing more parts and more iterations than they every thought they would need to do. And with larger companies, other divisions get in on the action and want to utilize the equipment or begin to outsource as they see firsthand the benefit.

These customer tend to start outsourcing again because thier capacity keeps getting filled. They also outsource as they have needs for other materials that weren't capable on the system they purchased. Then as volumes increase again or they have a need for other materials they justify another system. So we see this cyclic trend.

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ACCEPTANCE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTION VC Funding Venture capital firm Foundry Group announced that it has led a $10 million investment in MakerBot Industries, a Brooklyn-based developer of low-cost commercial 3D printers. It's the team that first got notice for building something called the Cupcake, a user-assembled 3D printer that cost only around $1,000 (compared to the $10k-$500k price-tag for other 3D printers).