Vocab 8a

1. Chemical property The ability or inability of a substance to combine

with or change into one or more new substances.
- flammability
- reactivity (rusting, tarnishing, etc.)
2. Physical property Properties that can be observed without changing
the substance
3. Conductivity Ability to transfer heat or electricity
4. Chemical change The change of one or more substances into other
substances
- happens when old bonds are broken
between atoms and new ones form
- Can't be reversed with a physical change
5. Physical change The properties of a substance change, but the
identity of the substance doesn't
- changes of state
- dissolving
6. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)
Showed mass is conserved in chemical reactions
- he created a precise balance and measured
substances before and after reactions to
see that the mass had not changed
7. Law of Conservation of MassThe total mass before a chemical reaction is the
same as the total mass after the reaction
8. Chemical formulas Used to represent molecules or ionic compounds
- H 2O
9. Diatomic elements - elements that bond with themselves
- two atoms
- H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
10. Compounds Molecules made of 2 or more different elements
- H2O, NaCl, CO2

11. Chemical bonding
12. Chemical bond
13. Valence electrons
14. Ionic bonds
15. Forming positive ions
Vocab 8b
The joining of atoms to form new substances.
The attraction that holds two atoms together
- caused by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons
Electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that
are involved in chemical bonds
Bonds that form when valence electrons are
transferred from one atom to another
When an atom loses an electron, it has a
positive charge because it has one more
proton than the number of electrons it has
- metals tend to lose electrons because they only
have one or two valence electrons (it takes
less energy than from fuller outer levels)
16. Forming negative ions When an atom gains an electron, it has a
negative charge because it has one more
electron than the number of protons it has
- Nonmetals tend to gain electrons because they
almost have a full set of valence electrons
- "ide" means it's a negative ion (like flouride)
17. Ionic compounds - Opposite ions (a metal and a nonmetal) combine
- No overall charge because ions balance each
other out
- ions form a crystal lattice structure
- properties - brittle, solid, high melting points,
water soluble
18. Covalent bonds Bonds that form when atoms share pairs of
Electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that
- Usually occur when an ionic bond would take
too much energy (like 2 nonmetals)
19. Molecules Two or more atoms joined with covalent bonds
20. Electron-dot diagram Dots represent valence electrons (like He: )
21. Complex molecules Have more than 2 atoms bonded together
- Carbon is often the "backbone" of complex
molecueles
- examples - sugar, soap, proteins
22. Metallic bond attraction between positive metal ions and
the electrons around them
- electrons can move throughout the metal
- properties - malleable, ductile, good conductors