Hans-Christian Hege Konrad Polthier (Eds.

Mathematical Visualization
Algorithms, Applications and Numerics

With 187 Figures, 46 in Color and 12 Tables

J f l Springer

Table of Contents

Preface List of Contributors

V XV

Meshes, Multilevel Approximation, and Visualization 3 3 4 5 6 7 13 14 16

Tetrahedra Based Volume Visualization Paolo Cignoni, Claudio Montani, Roberto Scopigno 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Introduction Volume Modeling Based on Simplicial Complexes Visualization of Simplicial Complexes Isosurface Fitting Direct Volume Rendering Algorithms Decreasing Complexity Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements

M e s h Optimization and Multilevel Finite Element Approximations Roberto Grosso, Thomas Ertl 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Mesh Reduction Techniques Linear Approximation in Hubert Spaces Algorithm Results Conclusions

19 19 20 21 25 27 28 31 31 34 36 38 39 42 45 45 46

Efficient V i s u a l i z a t i o n of D a t a o n S p a r s e G r i d s Norbert Heuer, Martin Rumpf 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Brief Review of Functions on Sparse Grids Recursive Sparse Grid Interpolation Procedural D a t a Access Estimating Higher Order Function Offsets Improving Efficiency

A M e t a S c h e m e for I t e r a t i v e R e f i n e m e n t of M e s h e s Markus Kohler \ 1 2 Introduction Meta Scheme for Subdivision

VIII 3 Analysis of the Type Relation 4 Description of Topology and the Doubling Operator 5 The Averaging Operator . i 6 Object Linking ' 7 Conclusion

Table of Contents 48 50 53 56 57 61 61 63 64 67

A Scheme for Edge-based Adaptive Tetrahedron Subdivision Detlef Ruprecht, Heinrich Mller 1 Introduction 2 Triangle Subdivision 3 Tetrahedron Subdivision 4 Discussion

II

Geometry and Numerics

Finite Element Approximations and the Dirichlet Problem for Surfaces of Prescribed Mean Curvature Gerhard Dziuk, John E. Hutchinson 1 i?-Harmonic Maps 2 Discrete _ff-Harmonic Maps 3 Proof of Main Theorem 4 Numerical Results Efflcient Volume-Generation During the Simulation of N C Milling Georg Glaeser, Eduard Groller 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Swept Volumes Tool Path Generation The _T-Buffer Representation of Surfaces Conclusion and Future Work Acknowledgements

73 73 77 79 85 89 89 92 97 99 104 105 107 108 108 110 111 112 114

Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces with Cylindrical Ends Karsten Groe-Brauckmann, Robert B. Kusner, John M. Sullivan 1 Immersed Examples and Almost Embeddedness 2 Nonexistence Results for Cylindrical Ends 3 The Necksize Problem 4 Numerical Examples 5 The Fundamental Domains as Truncated Triunduloids 6 Conjectures

Table of Contents Discrete Rotational C M C Surfaces and the Elliptic Billiard Tim Ho ff mann 1 Introduction 2 Discrete Rotational Surfaces 3 Unrolling Polygons and Discrete Rotational Surfaces 4 The Standard Billiard in an Ellipse and Hyperbola 5 Discrete Rotational CMC Surfaces Zonotope Dynamics in Numerical Quality Control Wolfgang Khn 1 Discrete Dynamical Systems 2 The Wrapping Effect 3 Zonotopes, Intervals and the Interval Hll 4 Zonotope Dynamics 5 The Cascade Reduction Algorithm 6 The Performance of the Cascade Reduction 7 Example: The Cremona map 8 Example: Langford's vector field Straightest Geodesics on Polyhedral Surfaces Konrad Polthier, Markus Schmies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 III Introduction Review of Geodesics on Smooth Surfaces Curvature of Polyhedral Surfaces Discrete Straightest Geodesics Discrete Geodesic Curvature Parallel Translation of Vectors Runge Kutta on Polyhedral Surfaces Conclusion Graphics Algorithms and Implementations

IX 117 117 118 119 119 120 125 125 127 127 130 130 131 131 132 135 135 137 138 141 144 146 148 150

Support of Explicit Time and Event Flows in the ObjectOriented Visualization Toolkit M A M / V R S Jrgen Dllner, Klaus Hinrichs 1 2 3 4 5 6 Architectural Limitations of Visualization Software Graphics Objects: Basic Visualization Entities Behavior Graphs: Time and Event Flows Example: An Animated, Interactive 3D Viewer Implementation Conclusions and Future Work

153 153 154 157 161 164 165

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Table of Contents 167 167 168 171 176 177 181 181 182 184 188 190 192 195 195 196 197 197 200 200 201 201 204 205 206 207 207 208 209 214 214 216 218 218

A Survey of Parallel Coordinates Alfred Inselberg 1 In the Spirit of Descartes 2 Duality in 2-D 3 Lines, p-flats and Polytopes in RN 4 Representation Mapping 5 Hypersurfaces Hierarchical Techniques for Global Illumination Computations Recent Trends and Developments Philipp Slusallek, Marc Stamminger, Hans-Peter Seidel 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Fundamentals Hierarchical Techniques Clustering Refiners Based on Bounded Transport Conclusions

Two-Dimensional Image Rotation Ivan Sterling, Thomas Sterling 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Introduction Mathematical Statement of the Problem Notation The P Array The T-Scheme The Modified T-Scheme Periodicity Lower Bounds Optimal Cases Non-optimal Cases Miscellaneous Comments and Questions

An Object-Oriented Interactive System for Scientific Simulations: Design and Applications A.C. Telea, C.W.AM. van Overveld 1 Introduction 2 Previous Work 3 Conceptual Model and Design of the Simulation System 4 A Finite Elements Object-Oriented Library 5 Structure of a Generic FE Simulation 6 Example of Modelling a PDE: The Wave Equation 7 Use of the Simulation System in Engineering Problems 8 Conclusion

Table of Contents

XI

IV

Geometrie Visualization Techniques 223 223 224 230 234 237 237 238 245 250 257 257 257 260 263 267 269 269 270 271 275 278 278

Auditory Morse Analysis of Triangulated Manifolds Ulrike Axen, Herbert Edelsbrunner 1 Audio as an Experimental and Analytic Tool 2 Wave Traversal 3 Wave Traversal as a Morse Function 4 Computation of Waves, Critical Points and Sound Computing Sphere Eversions George Francis, John M. Sullivan, Chris Hartman 1 Introduction 2 Symmetrie Eversions Driven by Willmore Energy 3 Visualizing the Double Locus Surface of an Eversion 4 Level Curve Methods for Everting Spheres Morse Theory for Implicit Surface Modeling John C. Hart 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction The Problem of Modeling with Implicit Surfaces Morse Theory Application to Implicit Surfaces Conclusion

Special Relativity in Virtual Reality Rene T. Rau, Daniel Weiskopf, Hanns Ruder 1 Introduction 2 Special Relativistic Transformation 3 Special Relativistic Rendering 4 Virtual Reality for Relativistic Flights 5 Description of the System 6 Conclusions and Further Work

Exploring Low Dimensional Objects in High Dimensional Spaces281 Dennis Roseman 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Some Terminology for High Dimensional Viewing Four Sample Problems Hew Getting from High Dimensions Down to Four Dimensions Mathematics and Slicing Conclusions, Future Developments 281 281 282 282 286 287 289

XII

Table of Contents

Vector Fields and Flow Visualization 295 295 296 300 307 309 312

Fast L I C w i t h P i e c e w i s e P o l y n o m i a l F i l t e r K e r n e l s Hans-Christian Hege, Detlev Stalling 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Line Integral Convolution Convolution Theorem, Filter Kernels A General Fast LIC Algorithm Statistical Analysis of LIC Images Results

V i s u a l i z i n g P o i n c a r e M a p s t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e U n d e r l y i n g F l o w 315 Helwig Lffelmann, Thomas Kucera, Eduard Grller 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Introduction About Poincare Maps Previous a n d Related Work Visualizing Poincare Maps Embedding the Visualization of Poincare Maps within the 3D Flow Animation Aspects Implementation Issues Conclusions Acknowledgements 315 316 317 318 321 324 324 325 326 329 329 330 331 332 339 340 340 343 343 344 345 347 350 350

Accuracy in 3 D Particle Tracing Adriano Lopes, Ken Brodlie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Accuracy and the Dataflow Model Particle Tracing Accuracy Assessment in a R u n g e - K u t t a Method Results Conclusion a n d future work Acknowledgements

Clifford A l g e b r a i n V e c t o r F i e l d V i s u a l i z a t i o n Gerik Scheuermann, Hans Hagen, Heinz Krger 1 2 3 4 5 6 Introduction Clifford Algebra Clifford Analysis Vector Field Visualization Using Clifford Algebra Results Acknowledgement

Table of Contents Visualization of Complex ODE Solutions Laurent Testard 1 Introduction 2 Extended Phase Portraits 3 Applications to CODEs 4 Conclusion Appendix: Color Plates

XIII 353 353 356 359 362 363