Date : ..

Learning Area : RESPIRATION

Learning Objectives : 1.1 : Analysing the human breathing mechanism
Learning Outcomes : A student is able :

To identify the structure of the human respiratory system

To identify the structure of the lung

1.1 : Human Respiratory System

a. Label the main parts of the respiratory system.

b. Differentiate between respiration and breathing.

i. Respiration :
................................................................................................................................................................
ii. Breathing :
...............................................................................................................................................................
c. Why are there rings of cartilage on the trachea?
..........................................................................................................................................................................
d. Which structure in the body helps to protect the lungs from injury?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
e. Starting from the nasal cavity, write a pathway to show the sequence of air entering the lungs
until it reaches the alveolus.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
f. Which part of the lungs does the exchange of gases occur?
............................................................................................................................................................................

Date : ..

Learning Outcomes : A student is able :

1.2

To describe the processes of inhalation and exhalation

To relate the changes of air pressure in the thoracic cavity to inhalation and exhalation
To describe the breathing mechanism

Breathing Mechanism

a. Record your observations.

Action

Volume of glass jar

State of balloons

Inference

The rubber sheet was pulled

downwards

The rubber sheet was

pushed upwards

b. State the parts of the human respiratory system that is represented by each of the following.
i. Glass jar

: ...............................................

iii.Y-glass tube : ...............................................

ii. Rubber sheet : .......................................

iv. Balloons

: .........................................

c. Explain the change in the shape of the balloons when the rubber sheet is pulled downwards.
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................

Date : ..

d. i. What are the two muscles in the human body that are involved in breathing?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
ii. Describe the changes in these two muscles when a person inhales.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
e. When the rubber sheet representing the diaphragm is pulled downwards,
.....................................................................................................................................................................
f.

When the rubber sheet representing the diaphragm is pushed upwards,

.....................................................................................................................................................................

Date : ..

Learning Objectives : 1.2 : Understanding the transport of oxygen in the human body
Learning Outcomes : A student is able :

To describe the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood capillaries
To describe the transport of oxygen by blood
Describe the diffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries into the cells

1. Figure shows the exchange of gases X and Y in the alveolus.

a. Name the gases X and Y.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
b. What causes gas X to diffuse into the bloodstream
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c. Gas X will combine with substance P in the red blood cell to form substance Q after it dissolves in the
blood. What are substances P and Q?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
d. What happens to gas X when the blood reaches the body cells?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
.
e. Give four reasons why the alveolus is suitable for gases exchange.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................

Date : ..

Learning Objectives: 1.3 : Realising the importance of a healthy respiratory system.

Learning Outcomes: A student is able :
To list the substances which are harmful to the respiratory system
To explain the effects of pollutants on the respiratory system
To list the diseases that affect the respiratory system
To practice good habits to improve the quality of air

1. Effects of smoking on the lungs

a. Observe the change in the colour of the cotton and universal indicator.
Substance

Observation

Inference

Cotton
Universal
indicator
Thermometer
b. Which part of the human respiratory system is represented by cotton?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c. What causes the cotton to change it colour?
.....................................................................................................................................................................
d. Name the gases present in cigarette smoke that cause the colour of the universal indicator to change.
.....................................................................................................................................................................
e. How does the temperature of the cigarette smoke affect the respiratory system?
.....................................................................................................................................................................

Date : ..

f.

State three harmful effects of smoking.

.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................

2.a. What are the damaging effects of the following chemical substances in cigarette smoke?
i.

Tar : ..

ii.

Nicotine : ..

iii.

Carbon monoxide : ......

b. Name three industrial wastes that are harmful to our respiratory system.
i.

ii.

iii.

c. Name three harmful pollutants from motor vehicles.

i.

ii.

iii.