Jimma Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Economics, Research Extension and Farmers Linkage Coordination Survey of the adoption

pattern of improved aba melko sorghum variety in Jimma and Ilu Ababora Zones Part 1. General Information Zone Woreda Kebele (PA) Religion* Date 4. Protestant 5. Other

Name of Household head / respondent Name of Interviewer * 1. Muslim specify 2. Orthodox Christian Signature 3. Catholic

Part 2. Characteristics of the household S. Name HH Relationship Sex Age EducationB Marital Main A 0.Female No members to hh head statusC occupationD 1. Male 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A= 1. Household head 2. Wife 3.Son 4. Daughter 5.Relative 6. Hired labour 7. Other B= 1. Illiterate 2. Literate 3. Primary school 4. Secondary school 5. Other C= 1. 1. Single 2. Married 3. Divorced 4. Widow 5. Widower D= 1. On-farm 2. Non- farm 3. Off-farm Part 3. Household resource endowment 3.1 Land utilization,
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plo t no
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

plot size in land fechasa use /timad type A

distance from ownership residence to status during plot B last 5 yearsC

who who decides on works on the plots D the plots

E

A. 1. Cultivated land 2. Fallow land 3. Grazing land 4. Homestead 5. Forest (bush) 6. Coffee 7. Chat 8. others specify B. in walking minutes C. 1. Own land 2. Rented in land 3. Rented out land 4. Shared in land 5. shared out land 3.2 plot characteristics D. 1. Male 2. Female 3. Both male and female 4. Elderly son 5. 0thers specify E. 1. Male 2. Female 3. Both male & female 4. Elderly son 5. all the whole family

3.2 Plot characteristics Plot no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A. B. C. D. E.

Slope A

Soil depth B

Soil fertility C

Irrigation D

SWC measures E

1. Meda 2. Tedafat (foothill) 3. Daget (mid hill) 4. Gedel ( steep hill) 1. Shallow (<30cm) 2. Medium (30-60cm) 3. deep (>60 cm) 1. Poor 2. Medium 3. good quality 1. None 2. Flood irrigation 3. Furrow irrigation 4. other specify 1. Water harvesting 2. Contour tracing 3. Soil bund 4. Biological conservation measures 5.Terracing 6. Mulching 7. Fallow 8. crop residue

3.3 Household livestock possession

2 74

Livestock cattle

Type milking cows bulls heifer oxen calves

Numbers since the last 5 years

Present assets

sheep goats donkey poultry bee hives mule other , specify 3.4 Household farm implement possession 1. Plough ____________ 2. Spade _____________ 3. Hoe _____________ 4. Sickle ___________ 3.5 Housing of the household 1. Corrugated iron 2. Hut 3. Brick wall 4. Cemented/ concrete 5. Axe ____________ 6. Other specify

Part 4. Crop Management Practices aba melko adoption rearrangement.doc

1. Have you ever cultivated any improved varieties of sorghum? 2. If yes, specify any of the first four improved sorghum varieties? 1 2. 3. 4. 3 .When did you start growing any of an improved sorghum variety? -----------Year 4 .Where did you get your improved sorghum seed? 1. JARC 2. Purchased 6. If no why? 1. Seed not available 2. Seed too expensive 3. Poor quality 4. Other (specify) 7. Following are among the improved sorghum seeds, which particular sorghum seed has been your preference? 1. Abamelko 2. Geremaw
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1. Yes

2. No

3. BoA

4. Neighbour

5.Other (specify) 2. No

5. If you commonly purchase seed, is it available in time? 1. Yes

3. Baji

4. 97MW613

8. If you have not cultivated the sorghum varieties mentioned above what was your alternative seed types and why? 1. ----------------------------------2. ----------------------------------3. ----------------------------------9. Have you been introduced to aba melko seed source so far? variety? 1. High yield 8. Taste in injera sorghum seed? 1. Absence of seed supply 2. High price of seed 3. Complexity of the technology 4. Weather not good 7. Lack of cash
1. Price expensive

1. Yes 2. No

10. Reveal your reasons for preferring /not to or abamelko high yielding sorghum 2. Disease resistance 9. Taste in bread 3. Stalk height and strength 4. Earliness 5. Seed size 6. Seed colour 7. Weed suppression 10. Other (specify) 11. What constraints have you encountered to keep on cultivating improved aba melko

5. Low market preference to the product 8. Others (specify) 2. Distance 3. Late supply time 4.Other, specify

6. Lack of knowledge on usefulness of improved seed 11. What challenges do you encounter over the years (if any) regarding fertilizer? 12. Did you get the amount of fertilizer that you need every year? 1. Yes 2.No 13. If no. why? 1. Not available 2. Too expensive 5. No credit 6. Others, specify 2. PA 3. Local market 4. Others, specify 3. Cash shortage 4. Late arrival

14. From where did you purchase fertilizers and pesticides? 1. Office of Agriculture

Part 5. Farmers perception

15. What is your level of your dissatisfaction with regard to aba melko improved sorghum technology? 1. Very high 2. High 3. Neutral 4. Low 5. Very low 16. Name sorghum variety that you perceive preferred to most. 1. ___________2. ___________3. _____________ 4. Others specify

17. Mark one of the three numbers based on your evaluation vis a vis aba melko sorghum preferred characteristics. 1. Very good 2. Good 3. Poor S.No Characteristics 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Relative yield quantity Fodder yield Fodder quality Large grain size Early maturity Insect resistance Disease resistance Weed repression Drought resistance Colour of meal Taste Injera/bread etc Ease of cooking Swell on cooking Ease of threshing Labour intensiveness Marketability Local beverage preparation Stalk strength for construction Prioritizing preferred aba melko high yielding sorghum characteristics 1 2 3

36. Take five most superior characteristics of your most preferred sorghum and rank in order of importance. Superior characteristics 1. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________ during your cultivation? 1. Yes 2. No Rank ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

37. Have you been disenchanted with any missing crucial characteristics of aba melko 38. If No, why did you give up the cultivation of aba melko sorghum?
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1. Expensive seed price

2. Lack of seed supply currently

3. The sorghum is not the type preferred to household consumption 4. Currently not cultivating sorghum of any kind 5. Shortage of labour to perform the necessary farm activities 6. Lack of skill training on use and application aba melko packages 7. Climate variability 8. Market problems 9. Other reasons specify: 1. Yes 2. No 39. Did you and/ or any member of your household member engaged in off-farm activities that supplement sorghum farming? members engaged in? 1. Local trade 3. Petty trading 6. Casual labour 2. Consumer goods retailing (salt, sugar, kerosene etc.) 4. Wood and charcoal selling 7. Others, specify 5. Wood work 40. If the answer to question 22 is Yes mention the type of activity you or your family

Part 6. Access to Information 41. Which source of information is important to appropriate recommendation based sorghum production? Please, rank them (1st to 8th). Source of information 1. Development agent 2. Family member 3. Neighbours 4. Peasant Association 5. Office of Agriculture 6. NGO 7. Marketdemand 8. Field day demonstrations 42. Mention some of the helpful extension messages required along aba melko sorghum cultivation? 1. Fertilizer application 1. Yes 2. Insecticide use 4. Manure use 1. Yes 1. Yes 3. Improved seed use 1. Yes 2. No 2. No 2. No 2. No
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Rank ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

5. Land use practices 1. Yes 6. Home economics 7. Use of credit 8. Other (specify 1. Yes 1. Yes

2. No 2. No 2. No

43. Have you been a contact farmer on any crop technology trial? 1. Yes 2. No 44. If No, would you like to be a contact farmer? 1. Yes 2. No 45. Did you attend a field day or demonstration trial of aba melko? 1. Yes 2. No 46. If Yes was it beneficial for continuous use of the aba melko sorghum technology? 1. Yes 2. No 2. No 47. Did you gain skill trainings from a farmers training course (FTCl)? 1. Yes 48. Did you find the advices helpful to your farm practice? 1. Yes 2. No 49. Have you been hesitating to exercise the aba melko recommended packages? 1. Yes 2. No Kg/ha 50. What is the recommended sowing month of aba melko? 51. What is recommended seed rate of aba melko? sorghum cultivation period? 1. Yes 52. Have you been utilizing recommended composition of fertilizers during your 2. Not (type, area and quantity) 53. Which one of the fertilizer placing suitable to aba melko
1. Basal DAP 2. Basal Urea 3. Top dress DAP 4. Top dress Urea 5.

54. Improved high yielding sorghum technologies subject to failure unless full recommended packages put in place. 1. Agree very much 2.Agree 3. Neutral 4. Disagree 5 disagree very much 2. Too expensive 55. If you have not been using fertilizer for high yielding aba melko sorghum, why? 1. Fertilizer destructs the soils future productivity potential 3. Unavailable 6. Other (specify) 56. Do you usually apply organic manure on the sorghum fields? 1. Yes 2. No 57. If no, why 1. ----------------------------2. -----------------------------3. ----------------------------Part 7: Weed control and use of herbicide 58. How do you usually control the weeds?
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4. Late delivery

5. Fertilizer doesnt increase yield

1. Hand weeding 1. Prefer manual 60. Herbicide source 1. BoA sorghum? 1. Very high

2. Herbicide 2. Too expensive

3. Others, specify 3. Unavailable 4. Others (specify) 4. Other specify

59. If you did not use herbicide, why?

2. Market

3. Share from fellow farmers

61. What is the level of weed challenges on continuous production of the high yielding 2. High 3. Mild 1. Yes 4. Low 2. No 5. Very low

62. Did you associate your disenchantment with high yielding aba melko sorghum technology with lack of inputs? cultivation? 1. Intensive land preparation 4. Susceptible to disease 2. Strange meal color 5. Scarce source of seed 7. Specify if any other 3. Weak stalk strength 63. What does aba melk sorghum lacking or your areas of challenge to keep up with its

6. Not suitable to mix with other crops melko technology?

64. What do you like future research geared to improving characteristics of the aba 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 65. How long did you use abamelko as a source of seed since the first time of introduction? 1. Very high yielding (year count) 2. High yielding 3. Normal 4. Low yield 5. Very low yield 66. How did you evaluate aba melko performance vis a vis other cultivars? 67. Did you cultivate sorghum in last cropping season? 1. Yes 2. No 68. If Yes what is your first choice of sorghum seed? 1. Local 2. An improved released recently 3. Did not bother about type of the seeding material I sow any available type 69. is there any challenge regarding cultivating sorghum in your area? 1. Lack of improved seed 2. Land is not suitable for sorghum cultivation 3. We prefer to eat teff or maize rather than sorghum 4. Other, specify
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70. Specify crop rotation trends over the last five subsequent years. 1. (1999) 4. (2002). Crop 2(2000). Crop 5. (2003) Crop 3. (2001) crop

71. If you did not cultivate sorghum during the above specified time, why not? 1. Problem of basic seed 2. Sorghum is not any more our staple food crop 3. Due to edaphic and climatic constraints 4. Others, Specify 72. What is your future plan regarding sorghum production be it local or improved?