Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1 Full Solutions
4 More about Trigonometric
Functions (I)
Classwork
Classwork (p. 4.3)
(a) 2 rad (b) 4 rad
Quick Practice
Quick Practice 4.1 (p. 4.5)
(a)
rad
5
3
rad
180
108 108
rad,
180
1 Since
(b)
rad 3
rad
180
540 540
rad,
180
1 Since
Quick Practice 4.2 (p. 4.5)
(a)
40
9
180 2
rad
9
2
, 180 rad Since
(b)
342
10
180 19
rad
10
19
, 180 rad Since
(c)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 143
180
5 . 2 rad .5 2
,
180
rad 1 Since
AB
(b) Area of sector OAB
2
2 2
cm
2
15
cm
12
5
6
2
1
Quick Practice 4.4 (p. 4.8)
(a)
ROS
rad
3
rad
180
60
(b) Area of the shaded region
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. cm 181 . 0
cm
3
sin ) 2 (
2
1
3
) 2 (
2
1
2
2 2 2
1
]
1
Quick Practice 4.5 (p. 4.9)
(a) Let AB = x cm and BOC = rad.
In sector OAD, we have
2
3
6
In sector OBC, we have
2
10 6 2
3
10
2
3
10
+
+
x
x
x
x
OB = (2 + 3) cm =
cm 5
rad 2 BOC
(b) Area of the shaded region
= area of sector OBC area of sector OAD
=
2 2 2
cm 2 3
2
1
2 5
2
1
,
_
=
2
cm 16
Quick Practice 4.6 (p. 4.15)
(a) Let r be the length of OP. Then,
5 4 3
2 2
+ r
.
By definition, we have
4
3
cot
3
5
sec
4
5
cosec
3
4
tan
5
3
cos
5
4
sin
y
x
x
r
y
r
x
y
r
x
r
y
52
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
(b) Let r be the length of OP. Then,
13 3 ) 2 (
2 2
+ r .
By definition, we have
3
2
3
2
cot
2
13
2
13
sec
3
13
cosec
2
3
2
3
tan
13
2
13
2
cos
13
3
sin
y
x
x
r
y
r
x
y
r
x
r
y
2
3
< <
lies in quadrant III.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP = r.
cosec = 7
In particular, we may take r = 7 and y = 1.
Since lies in quadrant III, x < 0.
3 4
) 1 ( 7
2 2
2 2
y r x
3 4
1
3 4
1
tan
7
3 4
cos
5
9
sec
In particular, we may take r = 9 and x = 5.
Case 1: lies in quadrant II
Since lies in quadrant II, y > 0.
14 2
56
) 5 ( 9
2 2
2 2
x r y
cosec
14 2
9
,
14 2
5
cot
56
45
14 2
5
14 2
9
cot cosec
Case 2: lies in quadrant III
Since lies in quadrant III, y < 0.
14 2
) 5 ( 9
2 2
2 2
x r y
14 2
9
cosec
,
14 2
5
14 2
5
cot
56
45
14 2
5
14 2
9
cot cosec
53
1
) cosec ( sin
2
3
sec sin
2
3
sec sin
2
3
sec
2
3
cos
,
_
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
,
_
2
2
2 2
2 4 2
cos
sin
1
sin cos
cosec ) cos cos (
cot
sin
cos sin
cos sin
cos sin
sin
1
sin
cos
cos
sin
sin
1
cot tan
cosec
2
2 2
2
2
2
+
Quick Practice 4.10 (p. 4.21)
L.H.S.
R.H.S.
1 sin
cot
) cosec 1 ( sin
cosec 1
cosec 1
cosec 1
sin
cosec 1
sin
cosec 1
2
2
,
_
,
_
1 sin
cot
sin
cosec 1
2
,
_
(b)
Quick Practice 4.12 (p. 4.23)
4 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
4
2
4 2
2 1
2
) 1 (
2
) sin 1 (
1 sin 1
cos
1 cos
sec sec
k k
k
k
k
+
Quick Practice 4.13 (p. 4.24)
(a)
3
2
cot cosec
1 ) cot cosec (
2
3
1 ) cot )(cosec cot cosec (
1 cot cosec
cosec cot 1
2 2
2 2
+
+
x x
x x
x x x x
x x
x x
(b)
'
+
( 2 )
3
2
c o t c o s e c
( 1 )
2
3
c o t c o s e c
x x
x x
(1) + (2):
12
13
cosec
6
13
cosec 2
x
x
(1) (2):
12
5
cot
6
5
cot 2
x
x
Quick Practice 4.14 (p. 4.27)
(a)
The graph repeats itself at intervals of
3
2
.
54
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
y = cosec 3x is a periodic function with period
3
2
.
(b) From the graph, y = cosec 3x does not have maximum
or minimum values. Also, it cannot take any value in
the interval (1, 1). Thus, the range is < cosec 3x
1 or
1 cosec 3x < + .
Quick Practice 4.15 (p. 4.29)
(a) Draw the straight line y = 1 on the graph of y = cosec x.
The two graphs intersect at x =
2
3
for 0 x 2 .
The solution of cosec x = 1 for 0 x 2 is x =
2
3
.
(b)
x x
x
x
x
cosec sin
sin
1
sin
1 sin
2
and
2
3
for 0 x 2 .
The solutions of sin
2
x = 1 for 0 x 2 are x =
2
or
2
3
.
Quick Practice 4.16 (p. 4.35)
(a) cot x = 2.5
tan x = 0.4
x 21.80 or 180 + 21.80
x =
8 . 21
(cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
202
(cor. to 3
sig. fig.)
(b) Let 2x + 60 = .
Since 0 x 360, 60 780.
Now, we solve the equation 2 sin 1 = 0 for 60
780.
+
+ +
750 or 510 , 390 , 150
30 720
or ) 30 180 ( 360 , 30 360 , 30 180
2
1
sin
0 1 sin 2
Then,
+
345 or 225 , 165 , 45
750 or 510 , 390 , 150 60 2
x
x
Quick Practice 4.17 (p. 4.36)
+
+
+
+
+
4 6 . 3 4 8 o r 5 4 . 1 9 1
5 4 . 1 1 3 6 0 o r 5 4 . 1 1 1 8 0
( re j ec t e d ) 2 o r
5
1
s i n
2
1
o r 5 c o s e c
0 ) 1 c o s e c 2 ) ( 5 c o s e c (
0 5 c o s e c 9 c o s e c 2
0 3 c o s e c 9 2 c o s e c 2
0 3 c o s e c 9 c o t 2
2
2
2
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x x
192 x
(cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
348
(cor. to 3 sig.
fig.)
Quick Practice 4.18 (p. 4.36)
0 ) 1 cos sin 2 ( cos
0 cos cos sin 2
sin
cos
cos 2
cot cos 2
2
2
2
+
+
x x x
x x x
x
x
x
x x
When cos x = 0,
2
3
or
2
x
When 2sin x cos x + 1 = 0,
4
7
or
4
3
1 tan
0 ) cos (sin
0 ) cos (sin cos sin 2
2
2 2
+
+ +
x
x
x x
x x x x
4
7
or
2
3
,
4
3
,
2
x
Exercise
Exercise 4A (p. 4.10)
Level 1
55
4 More about Trigonometric Functions (I)
1. (a)
rad
5
rad
180
36 36
rad,
180
1 Since
(b)
rad
5
4
rad
180
144 144
rad,
180
1 Since
(c)
rad
4
9
rad
180
405 405
rad,
180
1 Since
2. (a)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 1.22
rad
180
70 70
rad,
180
1 Since
(b)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 0.393
rad
180
22.5 22.5
rad,
180
1 Since
(c)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 2.27
rad
180
130 130
rad,
180
1 Since
3. (a)
270
180 5 . 1 rad 1.5
, 180 rad Since
(b)
288
5
180 8
rad
5
8
, 180 rad Since
(c)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 19 . 8
180
7
1
rad
7
1
,
180
rad 1 Since
4.
5. Angle sum of triangle = rad
rad
18
7
rad
9
4
6
,
_
C
6. Let A = x.
Then B = 2x, C = 3x and D = 4x.
rad
5
rad 2 4 3 2
+ + +
x
x x x x
rad
5
A
,
rad
5
2
B
,
rad
5
3
C
,
rad
5
4
D
7. (a)
cm
2
cm
12
6
CD
(b) Area of sector OCD
2
2 2
cm
2
3
cm
12
6
2
1
8. (a) Let XOY = rad.
5
2
20 10
2
1
2
rad
5
2
XOY
(b) Perimeter of the sector
cm ) 4 (20
cm
5
2
10 10 2
,
_
+
+ + XY OY OX
9. (a) Area of OAB = 10 cm
2
r
r
(b) Area of sector OAB
2
2 2
cm 1514 . 11
cm 8 . 0 28 . 5
2
1
Area of the shaded region
3
2
6
5
cos sin
2
1
sin cos
2
1
2
1
of Area
2
r
r r
AC OC OAC
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. cm 1.15
cm ) 10 1514 . 11 (
2
2
10. Let OM = r cm and MON = rad.
(2) 8
2
1
(1) 4
2
r
r
4
2
2
1
:
) 1 (
) 2 (
r
r
By substituting r = 4 into (1), we have
1
4 4
rad 1 MON
11. (a) Let COD = rad.
Area of the shaded region = 24 cm
2
5 . 1
24 2
2
1
6
2
1
2 2
rad 5 . 1 COD
(b) Perimeter of the shaded region
cm 20
cm ] 2 ) 2 6 ( 5 . 1 6 5 . 1 2 [
+ +
+ + + BD AC CD AB
12. (a)
) 2 (
2
+
+
r
r r P
(b) If P = A,
2
4
4 2
2
1
) 2 (
2
+
+
r
r
r r
Level 2
13. (a) (i) AC = r sin
(ii)
(iii) Area of the shaded region
cos
1 sin
cos sin
0 ) cos sin (
2
1
2
<
>
> r
14. (a) Let OA = r cm and COD = rad.
3
4
) 1 (
+ r (1)
( re je ct ed )
7
3
o r 3
0 ) 3 7 )( 3 (
0 9 18 7
1 6 9 18 9
9
16 ) 1 (
9
16
2
1
) 1 (
2
1
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
+
+ +
+
r
r r
r r
r r r
r
r
r
r
rad
3
3
3
4
) 1 3 (
+
COD
(b) Area of the shaded region
2
2 2 2
cm
6
7
cm
3
3
2
1
3
) 1 3 (
2
1
sector of area sector of area
1
]
1
+
OAB OCD
15.
cm
3
25
cm
6
5
10
AB
cm
6
25
cm
3
25
) ( 2
AN
AN
In OAN,
57
4 More about Trigonometric Functions (I)
cm
6
25
10
2
2
2 2
,
_
AN OA ON
(Pyth. theorem)
Volume of the cone
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. cm 165
cm
6
25
10
6
25
3
1
3
3
2
2
2
,
_
,
_
16. (a) BC = BE and BC = EC
EBC is an equilateral triangle.
EBC =
rad
3
,
_
+
17. (a)
rad
6
2
1
sin
4
2
) cos(90
(b) Area of the shaded region
= area of rectangle PQRS area of sector PST
area of PQT
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. cm 347 . 0
cm
3
tan 2 2
2
1
6
4
2
1
4 2
2
2 2
,
_
18.
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
12
6
cos
AOB
C O D
O O D
O O D
Length of the thread
D Y C A X B B C A D + + +
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. cm 64.8
cm
3
4
9
3
2
3 6 12 2
2 2
,
_
+ +
Exercise 4B (p. 4.30)
Level 1
1. Let r be the length of OA. Then, r
29 5 2
2 2
+
.
By definition, we have
sin
29
5
r
y
cos
29
2
r
x
tan
2
5
x
y
cosec
5
29
y
r
sec
2
29
x
r
cot
5
2
y
x
2. Let r be the length of OB. Then, r
58 7 ) 3 (
2 2
+ .
By definition, we have
sin
58
7
r
y
cos
58
3
r
x
tan
3
7
x
y
cosec
7
58
y
r
sec
3
58
x
r
cot
7
3
y
x
3. Let r be the length of OC. Then, r
3 . 1 ) 2 . 1 ( ) 5 . 0 (
2 2
+ .
By definition, we have
sin
13
12
3 . 1
2 . 1
r
y
cos
13
5
3 . 1
5 . 0
r
x
tan
5
12
5 . 0
2 . 1
x
y
cosec
12
13
2 . 1
3 . 1
y
r
sec
5
13
5 . 0
3 . 1
x
r
cot
12
5
2 . 1
5 . 0
y
x
4. Let r be the length of OD. Then, r
11 ) 3 ( ) 2 (
2 2
+ . By definition, we have
sin
11
3
r
y
58
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
cos
11
2
r
x
tan
2
3
x
y
cosec
3
11
y
r
sec
2
11
x
r
cot
3
2
y
x
5. (a)
7
9
lies in quadrant III.
7
9
sec
is negative.
(b)
,
_
,
_
6
11
tan
6
11
tan
6
11
lies in quadrant IV.
,
_
6
11
tan
is negative.
i.e.
,
_
6
11
tan
is positive.
(c)
36
29
lies in quadrant II.
36
29
sin
is positive.
(d)
3
5
cot
3
5
cot
,
_
3
5
lies in quadrant IV.
3
5
cot
is negative.
i.e.
,
_
3
5
cot
is positive.
6. sin is positive.
lies in quadrant I or quadrant II.
cot is negative.
must lie in quadrant II.
7.
2
3
< <
lies in quadrant III.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP =
r.
7
3
sin
In particular, we may take r = 7 and y = 3.
Since lies in quadrant III, x < 0.
10 2
) 3 ( 7
2 2
2 2
y r x
10 2
7
sec
10 2
3
tan
8.
2
2
3
< <
lies in quadrant IV.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP =
r.
10
17
sec
In particular, we may take r = 17 and x = 10.
Since lies in quadrant IV, y < 0.
21 3
10 17
2 2
2 2
x r y
21 3
10
cot
21 3
17
cosec
59
4 More about Trigonometric Functions (I)
9.
< <
2
lies in quadrant II.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP =
r.
4 cot
In particular, we may take x = 4 and y = 1.
17
1 ) 4 (
2 2
2 2
+
+ y x r
17 cosec
17
4
cos
6 2
) 1 ( 5
2 2
2 2
x r y
6 2 tan ,
5
1
cos
3
6 5
6
10
5
6
6 2
5
1
1
6 2
cos 1
tan
,
_
11. 0
5
3
tan <
lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP =
r.
Case 1:
lies in quadrant II
5
3
tan
In particular, we may take x = 5 and y = 3.
34
3 ) 5 (
2 2
2 2
+
+ y x r
34
3
sin ,
5
34
sec
25
34 3
5
34
34
3
sec sin
2
2
,
_
Case 2:
60
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
lies in quadrant IV
5
3
tan
In particular, we may take x = 5 and y = 3.
34
) 3 ( 5
2 2
2 2
+
+ y x r
34
3
sin
,
5
34
sec
25
34 3
5
34
34
3
sec sin
2
2
,
_
12.
1
cos sin
cos sin
) cos )(sin cos (sin
cos sin
cos sin
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
4 4
13. cosec
2
+ sec
2
(tan + cot )
2
= (cosec
2
cot
2
) + (sec
2
tan
2
) 2
= 1 + 1 2
=
0
14.
2
2
cot
1 cosec
sin
sin 1 1 cosec
sin
) 1 cosec )( sin 1 (
+
15.
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x x x
sec cosec
cos sin
sin 1
cos
sin
cos
1
cos
1
cos sin
1
) tan (sec
cos
1
cos sin
1
3
2
3 3 3 3
2 2
+
+
,
_
16. R.H.S.
L.H.S.
sec
1 tan
tan tan ) 1 (tan
tan tan sec
2
2
2 4 2 2
2 4 4
+
+
sec
2
= sec
4
tan
4
tan
2
17. (a)
4
3
cot
6
5
sin
+
2
1
1
2
1
4
cot
6
sin
4
cot
6
sin
,
_
+
,
_
(b)
1
1 2
1
3
sec
1
3
sec
4
tan
3
2
sec
+
+
+
,
_
(c)
2
1
2
2
1
4
cosec
4
cos
4
cosec
4
2 cos
4
5
cosec
4
7
cos
,
_
+ +
,
_
18. (a)
sin ) sin(
(b)
sin
2
3
cos
,
_
+
(c)
sec ) sec(
(d)
cot
2
tan
2
2 tan
2
5
tan
,
_
,
_
+ +
,
_
+
(e)
cot
) cot(
) 2 cot( ) 3 cot(
+
+ + +
61
4 More about Trigonometric Functions (I)
(f)
sec
2
cosec
2
4 cosec
2
7
cosec
2
7
cosec
2
7
cosec
,
_
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
+
1
]
1
,
_
+
,
_
19.
sec
sin
tan
2
5
cos
) 2 ( tan
,
_
20.
,
_
2
5
tan ) (5 cosec
2 2
1
cot cosec
2 2
21.
The graph repeats itself at intervals of 2 .
2
tan
x
y is a periodic function with period 2 .
22.
The graph repeats itself at intervals of .
x y 2 cosec
2
1
is a periodic function with
period .
23. Draw the straight line y = 1 on the graph of
2
cot
x
y
.
The two graphs intersect at
2
x for 0 x 2 .
The solution of cot 1
2
x
for 0 x 2 is
2
x .
Level 2
24. cot = 2.5 < 0
lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP =
r.
Case 1:
lies in quadrant II
2
5
5 . 2 cot
In particular, we may take x = 5 and y = 2.
29
2 ) 5 (
2 2
2 2
+
+ y x r
29
2
sin
,
29
5
cos
29 29
42
1
29
5
2
29
2
) 1 cos 2 ( sin
2
2
1
1
]
1
,
_
Case 2:
62
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
lies in quadrant IV
2
5
cot
In particular, we may take x = 5 and y = 2.
29
) 2 ( 5
2 2
2 2
+
+ y x r
29
2
sin
,
29
5
cos
29 29
42
1
29
5
2
29
2
) 1 cos 2 ( sin
2
2
1
1
]
1
,
_
25. cosec = 2 > 0
lies in quadrant I or quadrant II.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP =
r.
cosec = 2
In particular, we may take r = 2 and y = 1.
Case 1:
lies in quadrant I
Since lies in quadrant I, x > 0.
3
1 2
2 2
2 2
y r x
2
1
sin ,
2
3
cos
,
3
1
tan
8
3
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
1
sin cos tan
2
2
,
_
,
_
Case 2:
lies in quadrant II
Since lies in quadrant II, x < 0.
3
) 1 ( 2
2 2
2 2
y r x
2
1
sin ,
2
3
cos
,
3
1
tan
8
3
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
1
2
,
_
,
_
26.
m
cot
sin
cos
cos sin
sin 1
cos
sin
cos sin
1
tan
cos sin
1
2
27.
) 2 (
1
) 1 ( 1
1
) sin 1 ( 1
1
cos 1
1
1 sec
sec
2 2
2 2
2 2
4 4
4
28.
'
+
) 2 (
2
1
c o s s i n
) 1 ( 1 c o s s i n
2 2
2 2
x x
x x
63
4 More about Trigonometric Functions (I)
(1) + (2):
3
2
cosec
2
3
sin
2
3
sin 2
2
x
x
x
(1) (2):
2 sec
2
1
cos
2
1
cos 2
2
x
x
x
29.
) sin 1 ( tan
) 1 (cos cos
) sin 1 )( 1 )(cos 1 cos (
) 1 cos (
) sin 1 (
cos
1 cos
2 sin
) sin 1 )( sec cos (
2 sin
) sin 1 )( sin 1 )( sec 1 (
2 sin
) sin 1 )( sec 1 (
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
4
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 4
2
4 4
+
+
+ +
+
+
,
_
30. sin x cos x (sin x + cos x)(sec x + cosec x)
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
cos sin 2 1
cos cos sin cos sin sin
) cosec )(sec cos sin cos (sin
2 2
2 2
+
+ + +
+ +
x x
x x
x x x x
cosec sec
cos sin 2 1
) cos (sin cos sin
+
+
+
31. (1 + cos x + cot x + cosec x)(1 + sin x cos x)
) sin 1 )( cos sin 1 (
cos sin cos sin sin 2 1
sin cosec
1 ec cos cos sin cos sin sin
cot cos 1 ec cos cos sin cos sin sin
cot 1 sec co
sin
cos
cos cot cos cos sin cos cos sin 1
2
2
2
2
2
x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
x x
x
x
x x x x x x x x
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
x
x x x
x x
x x
sin 1
cosec cot cos 1
cos sin 1
cos sin 1
+
+ + +
+
+ +
32. L.H.S.
R.H.S.
1
sin
sin
) 1 (cos
sin
1
sin
1
sin
cos
sin
1
sin
cos
)] ( cosec ) ( )[cot cosec (cot
2
2
2
2
,
_
+
,
_
+ +
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x x
(cot x cosec x)[cot ( + x) cosec ( + x)] = 1
33. L.H.S.
R.H.S.
tan
cos 1
) 1 (cos tan
cos 1
tan sin
2
3
sin 1
2
cot sin
,
_
,
_
+ +
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x
x
x x
tan
2
3
sin 1
2
cot sin
,
_
,
_
+ +
34. (a)
The graph repeats itself at intervals of 2 .
y = cosec (x ) is a periodic function with
period 2 .
(b) From the graph, y = cosec (x ) does not have
maximum or minimum values. Also, it cannot take
any value in the interval (1, 1). Thus, the range is
< cosec (x ) 1 or 1 cosec (x ) < +.
35. (a)
The graph repeats itself at intervals of
3
2
.
64
0 sec sin
1 sec and 1 sin 0
I, quadrant in lies When
> +
> < <
2
1
,
2
1
. Thus, the
range is
2
1
3 sec
2
1
< x or
+ < x 3 sec
2
1
2
1
.
36. (a) x x cos
2
sin
,
_
(b)
x x
x x
x
sin
2
sin
sin cos
1 cot
,
_
+
+ +
,
_
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
sec sin tan
t
t
t
t
t
t
(b)
cos 1
cos 1
cos cos 1
cos cos 1
1
1
cos
1
2
2 2
2 2
2
2
+
+
+
t
t t
t t
t
t
(c) 81(1 cos )
4
18(1 cos )
2
(1 + cos )
2
+
(1 + cos )
4
= 0
3
1
9
1
9
1
0 ) 1 9 (
) (Let 0 1 18 81
0 1 18 81
0 1
) cos 1 (
) cos 1 ( 18
) cos (1
) cos 81(1
2
4
2
4 2
4 8
2
2
4
4
+
+
+
+
t
t
y
y
y t y y
t t
3
2
1
cos
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
cos
1
38.
0 sec sin
1 sec and 1 sin 0
II, quadrant in lies When
< +
< < <
0 sec sin
1 sec and 0 sin 1
III, quadrant in lies When
< +
< < <
0 sec sin
1 sec and 0 sin 1
IV, quadrant in lies When
> +
> < <
12
6 2
1
,
_
ABC
(ii)
(b) (i)
3 2
) 3 2 (
2
3
2 2
6
cos 2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
+
+
,
_
,
_
+
r AB
r
r r
r r r AB
(ii)
3 2 2
1
3 2
2
12
sin
+
r
r
(iii)
3 2 2
3 2
2
2
3
1
3 2
2
3
3 2
12
sec
+
+
+
+
+
r r
r
Exercise 4C (p. 4.37)
Level 1
1.
2.
rad ) 3218 . 0 ( or rad 3218 . 0
3
1
tan
3 cot
+
x x
x x
x
18
35
or
18
x
6.
6
11
or
6
5
6
2 or
6
3
1
tan
3 cot
3
tan cot
x
x
x
x
66
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 91 5
or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 52 . 3
3747 . 0 2 or 3747 . 0
(rejected)
2
3 1
or
2
3 1
sin
0 1 sin 2 sin 2
2
.
x
x
x
x x
+
+
0 ) sin )(cos sin cos 2 (
0 sin cos sin cos 2
0 ) cos (sin cos sin cos 3
0 1 cos sin cos 3
2 2
2 2 2
2
+
+
+ +
+
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
0 ) 1 cot 3 )( 1 cot 2 (
0 1 cot cot 6
0 cot 6 6 cot 7
0 cosec 6 cot 7
2
2
2
+
+
+
x x
x x
x x
x x
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
7.
0 ) 1 cosec 4 )( 9 cosec (
0 9 cosec 35 cosec 4
2
+
+
x x
x x
111 . 0 2 or 111 . 0
9
1
sin
(rejected)
4
1
cosec or 9 cosec
0 1 cosec 4 or 0 9 cosec
+
+
x
x
x x
x x
+
x
x x
x x
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 62 . 2
or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 524 . 0 x
10.
0 ) 4 )(sec 3 (sec
0 12 sec 7 sec
0 13 sec 7 tan
2
2
+
+
x x
x x
x x
4
1
cos or
3
1
cos
4 sec or 3 sec
0 4 sec or 0 3 sec
x x
x x
x x
When
052 . 5 or 231 . 1
1.231 2 or 231 . 1
,
3
1
cos
x
x
x
When
.965 4 or 318 . 1
1.318 2 or 318 . 1
,
4
1
cos
x
x
x
x
x
x
When
5.034 or 893 . 1
249 1 2 or 249 . 1
, 3 tan
x
. x
x
x
x x
13.
4
1
cos
0 1 cos 4
0
sin
1
sin
cos 4
0 cosec cot 4
+
+
+
x
x
x x
x
x x
4.460 or 824 . 1
1.318 or 318 . 1
+
x
x
x
x
x
When
(rejected) 5.4978 or 7854 . 0
7854 . 0 2 or 7854 . 0
,
2
1
cos
x
x
x
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
16.
2
1
3 sin
2 3 cosec
2 3 cosec 2
x
x
x
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad .97 4 or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad .45 4
fig.), sig. 3 to (cor. rad .88 2 fig.), sig. 3 to (cor. rad .36 2
fig.), sig. 3 to (cor. rad .785 0 fig.), sig. 3 to (cor. rad .262 0
9226 . 14 or 3518 . 13 , 6394 8 , 0686 . 7 , 3562 . 2 , 7854 . 0 3
x
. x
17. (a)
R.H.S.
1 sin sec
sec 2 sin 1
sec 2 cos
sec sec cos 2 cos
) sec (cos L.H.S.
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
+
+
+
(cos sec )
2
= sec
2
sin
2
1
(b)
1 or 1 cos
1 cos
sec cos
0 sec cos
0 ) sec (cos
0 1 sin sec
1 sin sec
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 or , 0
18. (a)
) 1 5 4 )( 1 2 (
1 2 5 10 4 8 1 3 6 8
2
2 2 3 2 3
+ +
+ + +
y y y
y y y y y y y y
2y 1 is a factor of 8y
3
+ 6y
2
3y 1.
(b)
1 or
4
1
cos or
2
1
cos
0 1 cos 5 cos 4 or 0 1 cos 2
0 1 cos 3 cos 6 cos 8
2
2 3
+ +
+
3 3 2 2
3
cot cot 3 cot 3 1
) cot 1 (
k k k
k
+ + +
+
(b)
2
1
cot
0 ) cot 2 1 (
0 1 cot 6 cot 12 cot 8
3
2 3
+
+ + +
(b)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 57 2
rad
180
147 147
rad,
180
1 Since
.
68
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. cm 43 . 4
cm 4 1 sin 3 3
2
1
of Area
2
2
. OAB
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
(c)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 02 6
rad
180
345 345
rad,
180
1 Since
.
2. (a)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 189
180
3 . 3 rad 3 . 3
,
180
rad 1 Since
(b)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 111
21
180 13
21
13
, 180 rad Since
(c)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 0 . 81
180
2 rad 2
,
180
rad 1 Since
2
2
r r
rad 2 AOB
(b)
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. 60 5
10
10 (2)
2
1
cm 10 sector of Area
2
2
2
. r
r
r
OAB
5. (a) 525 = 360 + 165
The angle 525 lies in quadrant II.
(b)
22
7
2
3
11
20
+
The angle
11
20
lies in quadrant IV.
(c)
)
12
5
(
12
17
+
The angle
12
17
lies in quadrant II.
6. (a) Let r be the length of OP. Then,
. 85 9 ) 2 (
2 2
+ r
By definition, we have
9
2
cot
2
85
sec
9
85
cosec
2
9
tan
85
2
cos
85
9
sin
y
x
x
r
y
r
x
y
r
x
r
y
y
x
x
r
y
r
x
y
r
x
r
y
7. sec is negative.
lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
cosec is negative.
lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
lies in quadrant III.
8.
69
R.H.S.
sin sin
sin sin
sin
sin
sin
sin
1
sin
sin
sin
sin
1
) sin (sin
sin
1
sin
1
) sin )(sin cosec cosec ( L.H.S.
2 2
,
_
+
+
y x
y x
x
y
y
x
y
x
x
y
y x
y x
y x y x
2
) 2 ( ) 2 ( 1 ) 1 (
4
cosec
4
sec
4
cot
4
tan
4
3
2 cosec
4
5
2 sec
4
7
2 cot
4
tan
4
3
cosec
4
5
sec
4
7
cot
4
3
tan
,
_
+
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
4 More about Trigonometric Functions (I)
2
3
< <
lies in quadrant III.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP = r.
11
2
cos
In particular, we may take r = 11 and x = 2.
Since lies in quadrant III, y < 0.
117
) 2 ( 11
2 2
2 2
x r y
117
2
117
2
cot
9. cosec = 6 > 0
lies in quadrant I or quadrant II.
sec < 0
must lie in quadrant II.
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP = r.
cosec = 6
In particular, we may take r = 6 and y = 1.
Since lies in quadrant II, x < 0.
35
1 6
2 2
2 2
y r x
cot = 35 ,
6
1
sin ,
35
6
sec
35
34
)
35
6
(
6
1
35 sec sin cot
10. (a)
x
x x x
cosec 2
sin
2
cosec ) 1 (cos
2
2
(b)
sec
cos sin
cos 1
sin
cos
cos sin
1
cot ) cosec
cos sin
1
(
2
2
2 2 2
11. (a)
y x
y x
y x y x
sin sin
sin sin
) sin )(sin cosec cosec (
2 2
+
(b)
L.H.S.
sec ) (
sec ) 1 (tan
sec tan
) sec tan )( sec tan ( R.H.S.
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
+
+
+ +
b a
b a
a b a
a b a b a
2
2 2 2
) sec tan )( sec tan (
sec ) (
a b a b a
b a
+ +
12. (a)
2
3 3 1
2
) 3 (
2
1
) 30 180 ( cosec
60 tan
45 sin
) 210 360 ( cosec
) 60 360 ( tan
) 45 180 ( sin
) 210 cosec(
420 tan
225 sin
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
+
,
_
+
+
+ +
+
(b)
70
6 2 16
1
3
2
4 2
3
1
2
1
3
cosec 4
4
sec
3
cot
6
sin
3
10
4 cosec 4
4
sec
3
2 cot
6
sin
3
10
cosec 4
4
21
sec
3
5
cot
6
7
sin
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
,
_
2
cos
2
sin
2
cot
2
sin
2 2
tan
2
sin
2
tan
2
sin
2
tan L.H.S.
C
C C
C C
C C
C B A
,
_
,
_
A
A
A
A
A
A
A A
A
A A
A
C B A
2
cosec
sin
sin
cos
cos
1
sin
cot sec
sin
) ( cot sec
sin
) ( cot sec
R.H.S.
A
C B A
C B A
sin
) ( cot sec
1 ) ( cot cot
R.H.S. L.H.S.
+
+
(b)
2
cos
2 2
sin
2
sin
2
sin R.H.S.
C
C
C
B A
,
_
,
_
2
sin
2
sin
2
tan
R.H.S. L.H.S.
B A C B A +
14.
The graph repeats itself at intervals of
2
.
,
_
+
2
2 cot
x y is a periodic function with
period
2
.
15.
The graph repeats itself at intervals of .
y 1 + cosec 2x is a periodic function with period
.
16. Draw the straight line y 2 on the graph of
2
sec
x
y .
The two graphs intersect at
3
2
x for 0 x
2 .
The solution of 2
2
sec
x
for 0 x 2 is
3
2
x .
17.
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 4.94
or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 49 . 4
975 . 0 sin
7
4
sin sin
71
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 3.57
or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 429 . 0
185 . 2 cot
2 tan cot
19.
20.
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 71 . 4
(rejected)
5
1
or 1 cosec
0 ) cosec 5 1 )( cosec 1 (
0 cosec 5 cosec 4 1
2
+
21.
0 ) 2 sin 3 )( 1 sin 3 (
0 2 sin 9 sin 9
0 11 sin 9 cos 9
2
2
+
+
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 80 . 2
or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 41 . 2
fig.), sig. 3 to (cor. rad 730 . 0
fig.), sig. 3 to (cor. rad 340 . 0
3
2
or
3
1
sin
22.
0 ) 2 cosec 3 )( 15 cosec (
0 30 cosec 43 cosec 3
0 27 cosec 43 cot 3
2
2
+
fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 07 . 3
or fig.) sig. 3 to (cor. rad 0667 . 0
(rejected)
3
2
or 15 cosec
Level 2
23. Let OA r cm and AOB rad.
) 2 ......( 5
2
1
) 1 ......( 12 2
2
r
r r
From (1), ) 3 .....( 2
2 1
r
+
,
_
r
r r
r r
r r
r
r
When r 5,
5
2
2
5
12
When r 1, 10 2
1
12
(rejected)
rad
5
2
AOB
24. (a) (i) Area of
2 2
m sin
2
1
x OCF
(ii) Area of ABCDEF
2 2 2
2 2 2
m sin
2
1
) (
2
1
20
m sin
2
1
) (
2
1
10 2
1
]
1
+ +
1
]
1
+ +
x y x
x y x
(b) x + y 80
In ODE,
+
05 . 44
cos ) 80 ( 2 60 80 80
2 2 2 2
In OCF,
667 . 2
05 . 44 cos 2 2
2 2 2 2
+
x
x x x
Area of ABCDEF
f i g . ) s i g . 3 t o ( c o r . m 2 4 8 0
m
0 5 . 4 4 s i n ) 6 6 7 . 2 (
2
1
0 5 . 4 4
1 8 0
) 8 0 (
2
1
2 0
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
]
1
,
_
25. (a)
72
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.1 Full Solutions
The graph repeats itself at intervals of
2
.
y cot 2x + 1 is a periodic function with period
2
.
(b) From the graph, y cot 2x + 1 does not have
maximum or minimum values. Thus, the range is
< cot 2x + 1 < +.
26. (a)
The graph repeats itself at intervals of .
y cosec 2x 1 is a periodic function with
period .
(b) From the graph, y cosec 2x 1 does not have
maximum or minimum values. Also, it cannot take
any value in the interval (2, 0). Thus, the range is
< cosec 2x 1 2 or 0 cosec 2x 1 < +.
27.
2 sec
2
1
cos
2
1
cos 1
2
1
sin
cosec sin 2
2
2
2
2
x
x
x
x
x x
Draw the straight line y 2 on the graph of y sec
2
x.
The two graphs intersect at
4
5
,
4
3
,
4
x and
4
7
for 0 x 2 .
The solutions of 2 sin x cosec x for 0 x 2 are
4
5
,
4
3
,
4
x or
4
7
.
28.
13
5
or 1 cot
0 ) 5 cot 13 )( 1 (cot
0 5 cot 8 cot 13
0 cosec 13 cot 8 18
2
2
+
+
rad 0.290
30.
6
19
or
6
17
,
6
7
,
6
5
2
2
3
2 cos
3
2
2 sec
3
cosec 2 sec
12
19
or
12
17
,
12
7
,
12
5
31. (a)
2 2 2
) 2 ( 4 4 y x y xy x + + +
(b)
L.H.S.
4 cos sin 4 sin 3
3 sin cos cos sin 4 sin 3
3 cos cos sin 4 sin 4 R.H.S.
2
2 2 2
2 2
+ +
+ + + +
+ + +
3 cos cos sin 4
sin 4 4 cos sin 4 sin 3
2
2 2
+ +
+ + +
73
cm tan 4 r
OP OC
Minimum value of
3 ) ( f
32. (a)
2
1
2
2
1
tan
tan 2
tan 1
tan
cos sin 2
sin cos
2
2
2
2 2
+
t
t
t
t
y
(b) (i)
3
4 1
2
2
1
2
2 tan
cos sin 2
sin cos
2
2
2
2 2
+
t
t
t
The equation
has 2 tan
cos sin 2
sin cos
2 2
no solutions.
(ii)
2 or , 0
0 tan
0
0
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
tan
cos sin 2
sin cos
1 tan
cos sin
sin cos
cos sin tan ) sin (cos
2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
t
t
t
The equation
cos sin tan ) sin (cos
2 2
has 3 solutions.
33. (a)
1
cosec sin
n
(b)
4 cosec sin
4 ) cosec (sin
cosec sin 4 ) cosec (sin ) cosec (sin
cosec sin
2
2 2
2 2
+
+
m
m
m
(c)
'
+
) 2 . . . . . . ( 4 c o s e c s i n
) 1 . . . . . . ( c o s e c s i n
2
m
m
(1) + (2) :
2
4
sin
2
+
m m
(d) If m 3,
2
4 3 3
sin
2
+
754 . 0
(cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
74