Section ( a) Reading

Comprehensive passage Q 20 Marks

A1 & A2 two unseen passages with a variety of questions including 03 marks for vocabulary such as words formation and inferring meaning and 02 marks for note making. The total length of the 2 passages will be between 1100-1300 words. The passage will include two of the following:a) Factual passage:- instructions, descriptions, reports. b) Discursive passage involving opinion argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text c) Literary passage:- extract from fiction, drama, poetry, essay or biography. Unsee n passag e 1 Testing areas No. of words 700800 400500 a) Short answer questions b Vocabulary ) a) Note making in appropriate format b Summary ) Marks allotted type 09 03 an 05 03

Note:A passage of about 700-800 words carrying 12 marks & another passage of about 400-500 words carrying 80 marks. Reading Skills:Reading is a skill that can be acquired. Any one can learn to read better and faster & thereby comprehend in lesser time.

Steps for dealing with reading a passage:a) Read the passage quickly to get the general sense. b) Read each question carefully. c) Re- read the passage selectively, to find answers to the questions. d) Concentrate on each question. When you see the answer of the question, write it down in your own words. Not in the language of used in the text. e) The answer should be written in a simple and correct language. f) Write answer in brief. g) The answer should be in the same tense as used in the question. h) The answer should be based on what is mentioned in the passage. Passage 1 (Factual) A Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:1 1 The Indian teams win in Pakistan will without doubt gets laced with romanticism of the kind reserved for any major achievement. Tradition and history may not mean much to generation of compulsive consumers [of the IT technology and MTV channel kind], but it may still not be out of place to remind young generation that when India won its first Test Match against England in 1952 in Madras the whole nation beamed with pride even though there were no corporate sponsors to remind us how great a nation we had become. 2 In the near seven-decade history of Indias Test Cricket, the year 1971 will rank as one of the greatest. It was a year when Ajit Wadekar and his men won a series in the west Indies and then went on to beat England in England. 3 Who can forget B. S. Chandrashakers spell of 6 for 38 at The Oval that helped India win on the England soil for the first time ever,. In fact, to most of us that achievement still ranks as one of the finest moments of Indian cricket and that team itself was one of the best India has ever had.

Move on to the eighties, the 1983 World Cup win & the demotion of England in England in 1986. That we have still to win a series out side the sub-continent after that makes the 2-0 victory of Kapil Devs team even more amazing and creditable. Just imagine! The Indian side of the eighties had Sunil Gavaskar and Kris Srikanth as openers and had a batting lineup that figured the likes of Gr Vishwanath, Dilip Vengsarksr, Mohinder Amarnath, Md. Azaharuddin, followed by the all around skills of Kapil Dev, it was as formidable a batting line up as one can imagine and it that team had the support of Javagal Srinath and the spin quartet of Bedi, prasanna, chandra & Venkat, it would be safe to assure that India would have been Test Crickets world champions at that time of course, we still would have needed a Jhon Wright to be around. In the nineties, India under Mohammad Azahrauddin became the undisputed world Champions in home conditions but their record away from home was so abysmal that it led to the team being dubbed as lions at home lambs abroad. History is being changed and reshaped by Saurav Gangulys unorthodox but very effective leadership and the great skills of his men. The last three years have seen the seeds of professionalism being sown in the team with. Wright playing a phenomenal role in helping this side acquire that cutting edge which teams of the past lacked India now has a team that played wonderfully joyous cricket in the past couple of years. It did not lose a series away from home against England and most importantly, in Australia. And now, it has won in Pakistan, its first away series win since 1993. It will always be debatable to say to say which Indian team has been the best ever, though one won can safely take the risk and say that if ever there was a team hard to beat, it has to be this one. Coupled with a batting line up that must be surely giving nightmares to any opposition is the emergence of two outstanding swings bowlers L Balaji and Irfan Pathan. And then there is Anil Kumble who has now shown that if he has the back up of runs and quality bowlers, he is a match winner even in alien conditions. The teams support system of Wright, Andrew Leipus and trainer Gregory kings (continuing with the trainings revolution started by Adrean Le Roux ) has knitted together a bunch of extremely talented players into a favorable professional set up.

Though they lack a genuine all rounder; an accomplished wicket keeper and they suffer from self-created problems of a settled opening pair, it may still be sage to say that not only is this the best Indian team ever, it has the making of the best team in the world. 1 Sponsors keep your spending options open. Australia beware! 0 (a On the basis of your reading of the passage answer the following ) questions:a) Why was 1971 remarkable in the cricketing history of India? b) What glory did Kapil Devs team bring in the eighties? c) What could have made the Indian cricket team word champions in the eighties d) How was the Indian team dubbed as in the nineties? e) How did Saurav Gangulis leader ship help reshape the team? f) However, what is it that the Indian team still lacks? g) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following:i. Of quite good standard; deserving praise. [ para 4 ] ii. Impressive, powerful but difficult. [ para 4 ] iii. Inviting two opinions. [ para 8 ] Answer :a) The year1971 was remarkable because in this year Ajit wadekar and his team won a series in West Indies and then went on to beat England in England. b) Kapil Devs team won the word cup in 1983 and beat England in England. It was an amazing and creditable achievement. c) India had formidable batting line-up in the eighties whit players like Sunil Gavaskar, Kris Srikanth etc. if it had the support of the ace players like Javagal Srinath, Bedi and Prasanna and some others, then it could be the word champions d) It was dubbed as lions at home, lambs abroad because their performance was great in the homeland but out side it was abysmal. e) Saurav Ganguly leadership sowed the seed of professionalism in the team. the team has acquired the cutting edge which teams of the past lacked.

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f) It lacks a genuine all rounder, and accomplished wicket keeper and suffers from problems of settled opening pair g) (i) Creditable (ii) Formidable (iii) Debatable Notes for the students: The answer to the questions should be brief and to the point .It should be started with the language of the question and in the same tense too. Never begin your answer with because write the complete sentence.

Passage 2 (Discursive passage) 1. The short stories as a brief and complete narrative, restricted to a single effect and dealing for this reason with one profile, some particular and revealing aspects of the central characters personality in a single episode, is perhaps a fifteen or sixteenth century phenomenon in Europe. It developed evidently, from stories, woven into regular novels, such as in Cervantes Don Quixote and in Alexander Dumas The Three Musketeers In the England of Dr. JOHNSON S era, the shorts stories technique was applied to tales for teaching moral lesson. Only in the nineteenth century did it begin to acquire the form that is familiars to us today. Perhaps the greatest fractioner of the short stories in Europe, and the man who gave it its modern status as an independent and special literary form, was Guy de Maupassant. From France, the form traveled to England and Russia and was immediately adopted in America, Edgar, Allen pope used the shirt stories form for tales of mood and horror as well as for detective stories. O Henry tuned the short stories to humors and wit. 2 It was inevitable that, under the influence of English writing, when the British ruled south Asia, the short form should make its way here. As in other place in south Asia too, Story telling is an ancient art older than the Katha Sarit Sagar and the panchtantra (volumes of stories and fables). But the short stories in story telling did not develope significantly as an independent form until story telling was yanked into the modern age with the work of Premchand who wrote in Urdu and Hindi. His language might be described most aptly as Hindustani ; the trunk from which the persianized refinement branched out into and the Sanskrits refinement into Hindi. The direction toward the moderns sensibility came from him primarily and the thread was picked up by Ismate Chugtai who came into popular acclaim with her two volumes of short stories, kalian and chotan. Her stories dramatized in character in action the social way wiles and

wisdom of man and women of the 1930s and the 1940s; though she continued to write in the following years and though her work retained its nerve and pointedness, she has been considered essentially as some kind of a bridge between the restrained story writing of Premchand on the one hand and the (some times shockingly) candid and explicit stories of Saadat Hassan Manto and the two most prominent fiction writers spawned by the progressive writers movement, Krishen Chander and Rajinder Singh Singh Bedi. 3 These three writers, Manto , Krishen and Bedi, lifted the Urdu short story to its most sophisticated level . They have been recently made available to the English reading public in translation by Mr. Jai Ratan two volumes of the selected short stories of Krishen Chander and Rajinder Singh Bedi published by the sahitya academy, New Delhi and a collection of the short stories of Saadat Hassan Manto , The Best of Manto , published by Starling publisher New Delhi. 4 Of these three writers, Manto, who died in 1955 at the young age of forty two veered dictionally to the language used by Prem Chand ,Hindustan written in alif-bey but carrying thought and implication that was a great deal more subtle and pointed. However, what Manto known for are his defiance of social convention about what may and may not be publicly stated, and his penchant for depicting scenes and action explicitly. A certain section of the public the middle class orthodox who preferred a gloss of morality and stood resolutely by ossified rites and attitudes opposed him with all the influence at its command, and he was hauled up a number of times on the charges of obscenity. If there is anything for which one might call him to account, it is that he tends occasionally to be self-consciously unreserved and unrestrained in his picking of themes and in the language in which he expressed himself, for all this, Mantos stories reminiscent in some ways of Maupassant do not make lust, greed and exploitation attractive, though he writes with sympathy for the twilight world of prostitutes and under dogs; his knowledge and understanding of their lines, aspirations and endeavors are obviously authentic

a) b) c) d) e) f)

g)

Stories such as Khol De (translated by Mr. Jai Ratan as loosen up ) Toba Take Singh and Babu Gopinath are today almost classics and will continue to stay relevant to the South Asian Predicament for a long time. Answer the following questions briefly Name the man who gave the short story its modern status as an independent literary form Name two volumes of stories and fables written in India What is the contribution of Prem Chand to the short story writing in India. Why did Mantos stories earn the stigma of obscenity What are the main characteristics of Ismat Chugtais short stories? Find words in the passage which convey similar meaning as the followings: i. Clearly (para 1) ii. Conventional (para 4) iii Without any (para 4) . check Select three appropriate expressions from the above passage, which may describe Mantos style of writings. Answer with Hints

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a) Name of the man was ---------------------------------------------b) ---------------------- Katha sarit sagar and the panchtantara c) Short stories writing in India developed its moderns and independents from only with advent of Premchand. He ------------------------(use past tense) d) -------------------- wrote with sympathetic of prostitute and underdogs e) The main characterstics of Ismata Chugtais shirt stories are ------------f) i. (para 1) ii. (para 4) iii. (para 4) g) Find the correct answer from [Para 4] NOTE:-

In the given above passage you see that the answers hide themselves in paragraphs. you have to find them out and take the language of the question and the complete the answers. It is to easy to do. Practice is required. Passage3 {Literary Passage-Essay} 1 Some political thinkers think that liberty and equality can not go together. They think that liberty implies the freedom to do what one likes to do. This is true if freedom is interpreted in its absolute sense to mean that every individual shall be free according to his opportunities, there will be chaos. It is a lesson of history that it people are allowed to do as they wish the clever and more capable used their freedom to concentrate all wealth and power in themselves to the misery and oppression of the rest. Obviously the negative view is described by those who belong to privileged section of community and for this reason. seek to maintain status quo for the sake of their vested interests. They think that equality is unattainable under conditions of such unrestricted freedom. Lord action therefore, says, The passion of equality made vain the hope of liberty. The exponents of this view held that liberty is natural, equality is not, nature itself created differences, for example, some are intellectuals, others are not. Liberty means freedom i.e. no restrictions, equality needs some restrictions. This is against the principle of liberty. The institution of property is a natural institution and therefore, should not be restricted by equality. Perfect equality is not possible when enforced by state. This means that the power of the state will increase. Excess power of the state is harmful to the liberty of the people. Moreover, state has produced many evils of capitalism. If has encouraged exploitation. It has given protection to the capitalists. Such a state can not give perfect equality. So, the hope of liberty also Vanishes away. Democracy is said to be a system based on liberty and equality. But unfortunately, democracy is either becoming elites democracy or dollar democracy. Further this is controlled by the educated class or by the capitalist. Presence of chite or capitalist is inequality. Hence liberty and equality appear opposed to each other

The liberals as well as Marxists have asserted that liberty and equality are not opposed to each other. Liberty has no measuring if it is not enjoyed by all. All may enjoy liberty only when privileged classes are abolished in the society/ In a society of the unequal, freedom becomes force. What is the use of expression of thought, when some are deprived? A sound public opinion cannot be formed, that is why R.H. tawny observes that a large measure of equality, as far from being inimical invited to liberty, is essentials to it. If there is only liberty, there will be anarchy. Liberty will be exploited for personals profits. Dunham writes, a group of men whose social role consist of taking profits from other people labour can have no profound belief in equality and fraternity as desired ideas, Thus liberty needs equality, so that there is no cent ration connection of wealth in one or few hands. The Marxists have gone to the extent of saying that liberty and equality are closely related for a classless society

The liberals think that democracy can never be successful till there is perfect liberty with equality. Laski, a champion of liberalism writes, There cannot, in a word, be a democratic government with out equality, and without democratic government there can not be freedom, Democracy is based on political equality. Political equality is not possible without social and economical equality. In the absence of social equality, some social class will dominate politics and in the absence of economic equality those holding the means of production will dominate politics. So in the absence of social economic equality liberty is just a myth. People may enjoy real liberty only where social and economic equality are established. This will make democracy successful Thus, we find that liberty without equality is meaningless. We may enjoy liberty only when there is perfect equality. If liberty is to be viewed as a positive thing then equality is a pre requisite The Marxists clearly stated there is inequality in the society due to the institution of private property. Many contemporary liberal writers expressed the relation between property and equality but Marxists scientifically analyzed the question of equality in relation to property. They maintaine that a classless society could only be established. In a classless society one will work according to ones ability and each will get according to ones need. The Marxists maintain that social and political equality is a myth without economic equality. In the absence of economics equality those holding the means of production will dominate politics. They refuse that the state can create equality in a class divided society through welfare measures. They believe that social ownership of the means of production in a given society is a precondition for economic quality. The Marxists accept that all distinctions can not be removed. They say , Communist equality pre-supposes the eradication not only of all the distinctions but such conditions as would give rise to a difference in the social position of people.

Answer the following questions briefly:a) one is allowed to do as, one wishes what will be the state of society? b) What do liberals and Marxists hold in common? c) How, according to Lask , democracy , freedom and equality depend upon on one another ? d) How can a class less society be established according to Marxists? (b) Find words in the passage which convey similar meanings as the followings:i. Complete ii. Utter confusion iii. Having special right (c) Select the appropriate expressions from the above passage that present Marxists view of society Hints (a) a) There will be a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . b) Proth Marxists ands liberal believe that _ _ _ _ _ _ c) Laski holds that the concept of democracy is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when there is perfect equality in society e) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , a classless society can be set up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . In such a society everyone will work according to _ _ _ _ ___. (b (i),(ii)&(iii) All are In para1 ) (c) Read Para B carefully.