INDEX

Abbot, George, 80, 82, 83, 93, 104

Abrahams bosom, 8, 30, 66, 67, 71, 85, 91,
92, 140
Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, 171
Ainsworth, Henry, 97
Allen, Edmund, 44, 62
Allerton, Ralph, 70
Alleine, Joseph, 124
Alleine, Theodosia, 124
Allestree, Richard, 8990
Alfield, Thomas, 1389
Ambrose, Isaac, 879
Andrewes, Colonel Eusebius, 121
Andrewes, Lancelot, 812, 92
angels,
afterlife, 2937, 657, 912, 140, 1517,
178, 188
burial, 2930, 578, 65, 67, 132, 152
conveying souls, 8, 2931, 35, 578,
667, 70, 71, 80, 85, 912, 120, 121,
123, 124, 138, 140, 142, 1535, 158
deathbed, 8, 14, 29, 312, 36, 667, 85,
124, 132, 140, 152, 154, 188
execution, 28, 29, 70, 1215, 136,
1389, 153, 1557, 1601
funerals, 30, 912, 11920, 152, 154
Judgement, 14, 19, 33, 346, 50, 66, 71,
80, 81, 85, 89, 90, 130, 140, 154
redemption, 15, 23, 29, 35, 131, 187
astrology, 1702, 185
censing, 19, 20, 30, 1267
compared to humans, 11925, 133,
1646, 190
discernment of, 15961, 165, 184
Cherubim, 6, 7, 15, 21, 22, 25, 34, 55,
589, 105, 120, 138, 147, 159

fall, 26, 1589, 173

fellowship, 1520, 61, 82, 85, 85, 86, 99,
130, 133, 138, 141, 148, 1512, 187
Gabriel, 8, 18, 2226, 48, 52, 131, 132,
142, 1478, 173, 178
guardians, 8, 202, 27, 32, 34, 50, 556,
667, 69, 72, 74, 78, 89, 90, 100,
10715, 117, 118, 139, 141, 1614,
167, 182, 190
national, 55, 725, 109, 11517, 118,
139, 141, 171
healing, 8, 256, 33, 53, 86, 88, 142, 149,
187, see also Raphael
hierarchy, 5, 6, 78, 15, 18, 21, 24, 31,
39, 546, 69, 78, 80, 82, 83, 97,
11819, 134, 139, 142, 1478, 171,
181, 189, 190
idolatry, 467, 5661, 74, 82, 1025,
111, 138, 141, 177, 189
journeys, 8, 26, 323, 38, 50, 68, 69, 87,
90, 149, 151, 187, 188
magic, 5, 8, 389, 53, 163, 169
martial, 33, 723, 86, 87, 89, 90, 108,
142, 1501, 165, see also Michael
mediators, 20, 22, 445, 63, 1023, 137,
141, 142, 188
messengers, 24, 52, 83, 88, 117, 121, 147,
154, 184
Michael, 5, 6, 8, 257, 324, 35, 48, 59,
101, 103, 111, 131, 132, 142, 143,
1478, 150, 173
feast of St Michael and All Angels, 13,
18, 33, 48, 55, 64, 75, 103, 132
defeat of the dragon, 26, 33, 59, 85
leader of heavenly host, 26, 38, 150
St Michaels Mount, 33, 489
weigher of souls, 346, 59, 105

Copyright

259

260

Angels and Belief in England, 14801700

music, 1516, 1718, 20, 24, 141,

1523, 154, 157, 158, 165
orders, see hierarchy, and pseudo-Dionysius
plague, 84, 901, 146
prayers to, 46, 143, 177
prisons, 28, 65, 701, 87, 123, 1389,
156, 161, 187
protecting, 212, 26, 27, 34, 635, 68,
69, 701, 736, 82, 8490, 1089,
142, 14851, 1812, 188
providence, 6, 8, , 21, 38, 39, 56, 6970,
726, 84, 85, 91, 95, 116, 141, 179,
182, 189, 191
punishing, 7, 38, 50, 71, 81, 84, 901,
112, 146, 158
Raphael, 8, 25, 26, 37, 48, 51, 53, 54,
679, 76, 132, 137, 142, 149
scripture, 69, 22, 34, 46, 50, 55, 58, 60,
689, 73, 74, 77, 84, 96, 100, 105,
109, 111, 112, 122, 126, 137, 146,
150, 154, 15761, 173, 174, 177,
182, 183
Seraphim, 7, 15, 21, 25, 34, 92, 132, 138,
142, 1478
substance of, 7, 80, 131, 133, 142, 169,
1736, 178, 179, 180
visual representations of, 7, 1820, 22,
28, 302, 347, 38, 48, 5661, 689,
101 1025, 1312, 14950, 154,
1556, 157, 178, see also iconoclasm
and angels, idolatry
worship of, 8, 44, 85, 103, 138, 1778
anti-Catholicism, 10, 47, 1023, 129, 155,
161, 1901
Aquinas, Thomas, 7
archangels, see angels: hierarchy, Gabriel,
Michael, Raphael
Armada, 71, 75, 76, 84
Arminianism, 10, 85, 96, 99, 102, 103, 104,
107, 113, 127, 173, 189
Ashmole, Elias, 171
ars moriendi, 32, 66
Aston, Margaret, 59
atheism, 11, 169, 172, 175, 17685, 191
Atkyns, Sir Robert, 114
Ave Maria, 23, 52, 53, 147
Aveling, J. C. H., 136

Bale, John, 52, 72, 134

baptism, 45, 100, 111, 113
Baker, Sir Thomas, 100
Baret, John, 147
Barlow, Thomas, 119
Barkstead, John, 123
Barwick, John, 97
Bastard, Thomas, 83
Bates, William, 92
Baxter, Richard, 89, 92, 114, 187
Becon, Thomas, 47, 61, 62, 65, 66, 68, 134
Behn, Aphra, 149, 162, 164
Sir Patient Fancy, 149
Bekker, Balthasar, 176
de Bergamo, Franciscus, 181
Beza, Theodore, 44, 62
Bilson, Thomas, 96, 100
Bishop, John, 171
Blount, Thomas, 147
Bodin, Jean, 1834
Bogan, Zachary, 112
Bonner, Edmund, 77, 1301
books of hours, see primers
Book of Common Prayer, 434, 45, 48, 53,
61, 66, 102, 103
Bossy, John, 136
Boyle, Robert, 171, 172
Bradford, John, 66
Braithwaite, Richard, 177
Bramhall, John, 175, 176
Bridges, John, 45
Briggs, Robin, 184
Bright, Timothy, 712
Brown, Peter, 50
Bryan, John, 114
Bull, Henry, 55
Bullinger, Heinrich, 44, 46, 54, 56, 64
Bullein, William, 53
Byfield, Nicholas, 85

Copyright

calendar, 16, 18, 33, 48, 756, 84, 103,

131, 132, see also Michael, feast of St
Michael
Calamy, Edward, 98
Calfhill, James, 58, 70
Calvin, Jean, 44, 46, 536, 63, 69, 74, 77,
109, 110, 111, 113, 115, 162
Calvinism, 79, 81, 109, 11213, 114, 176

Index
Cameron, Euan, 185
Camfield, Benjamin, 1, 88, 174, 180, 1834,
193
Campion, Edmund, 1389
Capel, Arthur, 155
Capp, Bernard, 172
Carrera, J., 181
Carter, Matthew, 119
catechisms, 445, 467, 57, 62, 6970, 89,
130
Catholic Reformation, see Tridentine reform
Cavendish, Margaret,
Bell in Campo II, 153
Matrimonial Trouble, 160
Caxton, William, 17, 32
celestial hierarchy, see angels
Cervantes, Fernando, 143
Charlemagne, 8, 39
Charles I, 9899, 104, 106, 121, 123, 124,
158, 159, 160
Charles II, 121, 124, 171
Cherubim, see angels
Christ, 6, 19, 30, 36, 45, 46, 57, 66, 75, 77,
89, 111, 117, 122, 124, 126, 137, 152,
177, 189
compared to angels, 8, 445, 51, 623,
103, 1334, 135
five wounds of, 36, 51, 57, 65
incarnation, 23, 36, 37, 1334
nativity, 17, 22, 130, 157
Resurrection, 6, 22, 28, 157, 175
Clapham, Henoch, 84
Clark, Stuart, 1
Clarke, Samuel, 86
Coles, Elisha, 147
Collinson, Patrick, 58, 60, 72, 80, 158
Compton, Mary, 156
Cooper, Trevor, 105
Corbet, Miles, 123
Cornish, Henry, 124
Corporation Act, 125
Cosin, John, 102
Covell, William, 99, 100
Council of Trent, 135, 137, 139
Counter Reformation, see Tridentine reform
Cranmer, Thomas, 478, 51, 59, 62, 66
Cressy, David, 756
Cromwell, Oliver, 108, 125

261

Cromwell, Thomas, 158

Crossely, Fred, 578
Day, Richard, 66
Defoe, Daniel, 120
Degenhardt, Jane, 161
Dekker, Thomas, 148
The Virgin Martyr, 1489, 1512, 153,
156, 1601, 162
demons, 12, 19, 26, 32, 356, 38, 39, 44,
66, 70, 84, 91, 95, 108, 116, 1245,
128, 138, 160, 1623, 174, 188
Denne, Henry, 125
Dering, Edward, 44, 46
Descartes, Ren, 175, 176
devil, the, 6, 27, 31, 33, 36, 63, 124, 140,
15860, 177, 180
Dingley, Robert, 106, 11012, 11518
Douai, 137
Dowsing, William, 58, 1045, 128
drama, 39
Drexel, Jeremiah, 106, 1423
Dryden, John,
Amboyna, 162
Duff y, Eamon, 4, 22, 43, 4950, 53, 1302,
134, 135

Copyright

Edgeworth, Roger, 1334, 135

Edward VI, 44, 57
Edwards, John, 114
election, 712, 109, 11114, 117, 190
Elizabeth I, 44, 47, 52, 57, 74, 80, 135
Elizabethan consensus, 10, 95, 189
Ellis, Clement, 89
Ellwood, Thomas, 126
eschatology, see afterlife
Etherage, Sir George,
The Man of Mode, 158
Eucharist, 18, 20, 99, 101, 1323, 135, 141
Eyre, Adam, 1456

Farquhar, George,
The Beaux Stratagem, 162
Ferrell, Lori Anne, 81
Fire of London, 91
Fisher, Jaspar, 100
Fisher, Samuel, 126
Fitzherbert, Thomas, 138

262

Angels and Belief in England, 14801700

Flavel, John, 91
Forest, John, 1567
Fowler, Edward, 120, 126
Foxe, John, 64, 72
Actes and Monuments, 51, 52, 60, 702,
77, 157, 161
Fulke, William, 47, 54
Gabriel, see angels
Gardner, Arthur, 35, 36
Gassendi, Pierre, 1756
Gauden, John, 121, 1256
Genius, 1634, 181, 184
Glanvill, Joseph, 90, 179, 193
good death, 32, 1203, see also ars moriendi
Gouge, Thomas, 91
de Granada, Luis, 1401
Green, Anne, 156
Green, Ian, 45
Grynaeus, Simon, 182
guardian angels, see angels
Gumbleden, John, 86, 87, 112, 113

iconoclasm, 19, 5661, 67, 1035, 160

Jacobs Ladder, 6, 44
James VI and I, 80, 98, 99, 119, 149
James II, 119
Jesuits, 102, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 181,
183
Jewel, John, 589
Johnson, John, 1556
Johnson, Richard, 5
Johnson, William, 89
Johnston, Sir Archibald, 1212
Keck, David, 5, 6, 24
Kemp, William, 90
Ken, Thomas, 89
Kersey, John the Younger, 147
Kirby, Richard, 171
Lambert, John, 70
Lake, Peter, 2, 121, 136, 1389
Last Things, see afterlife
Latimer, Hugh, 45, 52, 61, 70, 156
Laud, William, 99, 101, 107, 121, 124
Laudianism, 10, 96, 99104, 127, 189
Lawrence, Henry, 86, 106, 10812, 115,
1456
Lawson, George, 119
Legenda Aurea, 17, 21, 23, 24, 26, 2730,
32, 33, 34, 36, 48
Leigh, Edward, 87, 177
Ling, Nicholas, 83, 93
liturgy, 15 6, 43, 48, 55, 61, 81, 98
Loach, Jennifer, 130
Loades, David, 72
Lombard, Peter, 7
Lucifer, see devil, the
Lucy, William, 173
Luther, Martin, 55

Copyright

Habermann, Johann, 612

Haigh, Christopher, 136
hagiography, see Saints and Legenda Aurea
Hall, Joseph, 84, 98, 1803, 193
Haller, William, 712
Harvey, Gideon, 174
Hemmingsen, Niels, 52, 62, 63, 64, 70, 75
Henry VIII, 56, 156, for the play see Shakespeare
Herring, Francis, 84
Heylyn, Peter, 118, 177
Hickes, John, 124
hierarchy, see angels, hierarchy and psuedoDionysius
Hill, Christopher, 106
Hobbes, Thomas, 114, 1726, 179, 180, 185
Hodgson, John, 146
Holland, Henry, 84
Hooker, Richard, 82, 92, 171
Hooper, John, 712
Horneck, Anthony, 90
Huggarde, Miles, 1334
Hughes, Lewes, 103
Hullyer, John, 71
Hunter, Michael, 17980
Hutchinson, Roger, 678

MacCulloch, Diarmaid, 4, 42, 456, 49

Magus, Simon, 178
Marlowe, Christopher,
Doctor Faustus, 158, 163
materialism, 1736, 191
Mather, Increase, 183, 184
Martin, Joseph, 133
Marshall, Peter, 5, 41, 667, 69, 140, 152,
157

Index
Marshall, Stephen, 98
martyrdom, see angels, execution
Mary, Blessed Virgin, 17, 235, 30, 34,
512, 57, 65, 77, 131
Annunciation, 6, 8, 18, 22, 234, 52, 63,
131, 157, 158
Assumption, 24, 301, 32, 121, 131, 132
Mary I, 12935, 142
Mary II, 119, 1201, 149, 151, 152
Mass, see Eucharist
Massinger, Philip, 148,
The Virgin Martyr, 1489, 1512, 153,
156, 1601, 162
Maynard, John, 89
mechanical philosophy, 17085
Melanchthon, Philip, 182, 183
Michael, see angels
Midgley, Robert, 171
Milton, Anthony, 102
Milton, John, 5
Mirk, John, 17
Mirks Festial, 17, 23, 24, 26, 2730, 32,
38, 48
de Molina, Antonio, 141
monarchy, 119, 121, 14951
monasticism, 21, 52
Montagu, Richard, 100, 1278
Montagu, Walter,
The Shepherds Paradise, 153
More, Henry, 175, 184, 193
Muschamp, Margaret, 163

263

Pepys, Samuel, 146, 153, 154

Perkins, William, 801, 84, 92
Phillips, Edward, 148
Piatti, Girolamo, 140
pilgrimage, 26, 33, 50
Pinker, Stephen, 193
plays, see drama
Pole, Reginald, 130
Polhill, Edward, 174
Pollard, Leonard, 1323
Pope, 37, 51, 52, 129
Popish Plot, 183
prayer,
collections of, 83, 8990
official forms of, 6970, 734
Presbyterianism, 968, 190
primers, 22, 23, 27, 46, 64, 66, 70, 130,
1312
Prynne, William, 98, 102
pseudo-Dionysius, 7, 29, 54
Ptolemy, 171
Puritanism, 96115, 190

Copyright

Nalson, John, 124

National Covenant, 1213
Nelthorpe, Richard, 124
Newcomen, Matthew, 98
non-conformism, 96102, 125
Norden, John, 83
Northbrooke, John, 65
Numan, Philippe, 138
oaths, 53, 1257
Okey, John, 123
Osler, Margaret, 170
Parsons, Robert, 1378
Patterson, W. B., 81
Penryn, William, 134

Quakerism, 125, 126, 146, 177

Questier, Michael, 121, 136, 1389

Rainolds, William, 137

Raphael, see angels
Raymond, Joad, 5, 107
Republic, 11518
Resurrection, 31, 347, 66, 80
Revelation, 6, 8, 19, 26, 35, 467, 50, 72, 91,
968, 100, 103, 1257, 157
Reynes, Robert, 53
Rhiems Bible, 137
Rivers, John Abbot, 87
Robinson, John, 97
de Rojas, Fernando,
The Spanish Bawd, 164
Rollock, Robert, 83
Ross, Alexander, 178
Roth, Richard, 70
Royal Society, 171, 172, 185
Rust, George, 92, 119
Rutherford, Samuel, 177

264

Angels and Belief in England, 14801700

Sadduceeism, 170, 177, 179

saints, 17, 214, 25, 2730, 33, 42, 46,
4951, 57, 60, 65, 77, 83, 131, 132,
137, 148, 155, 181 see also angels,
Michael
Saint Gregory, 21
Salkeld, John, 106, 1079, 118
Satan, see devil, the
Scarisbrick, Jack, 136
Scientific Revolution, 170, 185
Scribner, Robert, 192
secularisation, 9, 11, 16986, 1912
Seraphim, see angel
Shakespeare, William, 164
Cymbeline, 159, 165
Hamlet, 148, 152, 153, 159, 165
Henry IV, Part I, 165
Henry IV, Part II, 162
Henry V, 150
Henry VIII, 150, 158, 159, 165
Julius Caesar, 159, 162
King John, 157
Othello, 162
Richard II, 150
Richard III, 150
Romeo and Juliet, 154, 159, 164
Shapiro, Barbara, 1789
Sharpham, Edward, 149
Shelford, Robert, 99, 101
Sinclair, George, 179
Slater, Samuel, 92
Smectymnuus, 978
Smith, Henry, 85
Smith, John, 85
Smyth, John, 97
Socrates, 181
Southwell, Robert, 138
Spangenberge, John, 181
Spencer, John, 90, 118, 177
Spraggon, Julie, 102, 104, 105
Spurr, John, 11415, 178, 17980
Spurstowe, William, 98
Stewart, James, 121
Stillingfleet, Edward, 174
Stubbes, Henry, 91, 119
Sutcliffe, Matthew, 103

Taverner, Richard, 635, 67, 75

Taylor, Jeremy, 113, 114
Taylor, Rowland, 70
Taylor, Thomas, 845
Test Act, 126
Thomas, Thomas, 163, 172, 176
Thoresby, Ralph, 155
Tobit, book of, 8, 26, 48, 53, 545, 679,
137, 149
toleration, 116
de Torquemada, Antonio, 138
Thomas, Keith, 4
Trent, Council of, see Council of Trent
Tridentine reform, 103, 109, 127, 128,
12935, 13940, 1424, 183, see also
Council of Trent
Tuke, Thomas, 83
Tyacke, Nicholas, 99
Tyndale, William, 45
D Urfey, Thomas,
Gloriana, funeral pindarique poem, 120
The Rise and Fall of Massaniello, 158, 162
Use of Sarum, 16, 17, 247, 30, 43, 48, 51
Ussher, James, 103

Copyright

Vaughan, Thomas, 171

vestments, 20, 23, 45, 57, 98101, 104
Vincent, Thomas, 91, 119
virginity, 212, 4950, 52, 62, 148, 164
Virgin Mary, see Mary, Blessed Virgin
Voragine, Jacobus de, 17, 49, see also Legenda
Aurea
Vowell, Peter, 121
Wallington, Nehemiah, 150, 158, 159
Walsham, Alexandra, 2, 5, 41, 5860, 69,
70, 745, 101, 104, 105, 136, 143, 157,
166, 191
Wariston, Lord, see Johnston, Sir Archibald
Waterhouse, Edward, 91
Watson, Thomas, 92, 120, 133, 135
Watt, Tessa, 2, 58, 60, 689, 152, 188
Weber, Max, 169, 176
Webster, John, 1745
Wesley, Samuel, 120
White, Francis, 103
Whitehall, John, 173

Index
Whitgift, John, 96
Whitaker, William, 137
Wigan, John, 177
Willet, Andrew, 80, 81, 82, 83, 92
William III, 119, 120, 149
Wilson, Arthur, 119
Winthrop, John, 149
Wizeman, William, 134

Wolsey, Thomas, 158, 159

Wood, Anthony, 110
Wooding, Lucy, 130, 1367
Woodward. Ezekias, 124
Worden, Blair, 114
Wrightson, Keith, 146
Wriothesley, Charles, 156
Young, Thomas, 98

Copyright

265