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ANGLEINA (PRED)IZPIT PART I Stran 17/naloga 4: Word formation State After the popular revolutions the idea of nation

n state (that is, a country in which one nation forms a state) became widespread. In the Ancient Greece the ideal of polis or city-state prevailed. Welfare state is a system of ensuring well-being of the citizens by means of social services. Several European heads of states are meeting at the summit to discuss the burning issues. A person who is not a citizen of any state is a stateless person. Monarch In the 17th century monarchy became the predominant form of government in Europe. The theory of divine right of kings supported monarchical absolutism. Belgium, Sweden and the Netherlands are monarchies. After the revolution the monarch was owerthrown. King In the Middle Ages king's or royal power was believed to have derived from God. A country or a state ruled by a king or a queen is referred to as kingdom. With the increasing secularisation of all areas of life, sacred kingdom's will of necessity disappear everywhere. Sovereign The notion of national sovereignty will have to be redefined. Some theories of the social compact were designed to justify the power of the sovereign. Content He expressed his contentment with the situation. He approached her with a contented smile. Nation He is a citizen of France. He is of a French nationality. Immigrants often acquire the citizenship of a new country without giving up the old one. They have a dual nationality. After several years of immigration he became an English national. In the developing countries the gross national product is still too low. In the 18th century nationalism intensified the competitiveness that had always been a part of the European state system. The national governments will have to support the efforts deployed by the UN. The old ultraright nationalist party took a sway in Turkey. Tensions are building up around the world over the internationalisation of the world's economy. As the basic economic factors ascended from the national to the international level, the anti-globalisation movements became stronger. Supreme The Conservatives had to admit the supremacy of the Republicans. Rule The county has had ten years of military rules. The country is ruled/was ruled by a group of army officers. The ruling party became increasingly unpopular. The fight for government eas going on between the Pope and the secular ruler. Stran 18/naloga 5: Opposite expression WORD OPPOSITE WORD OPPOSITE durable temporary/undurable responsible irresponsible moral immoral sufficient nsufficient harmful harmless necessary unnecessary self-sufficient dependent strong weak important unimportant stable unstable centralised decentralised benign malign

secure insecure predecessor successor general specific/particular corrupting noncorrupting Stran 19/naloga 6: Prepositions This essay is excellent in respect of argumentation. Their actions constitute an infringement on human rights. The doctrines about/on/of the origin of the state range from the far right to the far left. He was enchanted with the birthday presents. Her hopes withered away. They aligned their views with those of coalition. The question of authority and the need for better standards came from the forefront, therefore the state was recognized as the means of moral developement. Stran 19/naloga 7,8: Translation vzpostavitev reda in miru = the establishment of order and peace Za mestne drave je znailna samozadostnost. = The city-state is characterized by its self-sufficiency. zagotavljati pravice dravljanov in doloati njihove dolnosti = ensuring citizens' rights and determine their obligations bojujoi se fevdalni gospodje = warring feudal lords trajnost in trdnost vlade = continuity and durability of the government sredstvo za zagotavljanje nasledstva = means of ensuring the succession Hobbes je Lockov predhodnik. = Hobbes is Locke's predecessor/forerunner. Odrekli so se prirojenim pravicam v zameno za varnost. = They renounced their natural rights in exchange for safety. Namen vladajoega razreda je bil ohraniti nadzor nad proizvodnimi sredstvi. = The goal of the rulling class was to retain control over the means of production. opraviti z moralnimi zadrki = sweep aside moral consideration upotevati pravila = comply with the rules Verjeli so, da drava iz izvira iz prisile. = The state was believed to have originated in coercion. kruti krog vzajemnega unienja = brutish cycle of mutual destruction loveko stanje je bilo mrano. = The human condition was deemed gloomy. Njihovi cilji so sovpadali. = Their aims coincided. Bil je oaran nad mojo narodnega stremenja. = He was enchanted with the power of national aspiration. pripraviti vodilo = to set a precedent odmiranje drave = withering away of the state Dravo so smatrali za odgovorno za obstoj dravljanov. = The state was held to be responsible for the subsistence of citizens. Stran 24/naloga 4: Opposite expressions WORD OPPOSITE WORD OPPOSITE increase decrease homogeneous heterogeneous underpopulated overpopulated internal external urbanization ruralization unity disunity/individuality stimulating retarded/distimulating responsible irresponsible encourage discourage advanced unadvanced literate iliterate relevant irrelevant educated uneducated modern traditional/old fashioned Stran 30/naloga 5: Translation preredko naseljeno glede na velikost ozemlja = underpopulated according to the size of territory prehitro naraanje prebivalstva = too rapid population growth spodbujanje nartovanja rojstev = encouraging/promoton of the birth control osnovne dobrine = basic goods vei moderne tehnologije = skilled in modern technology imeti isto kulturno in politino zgodovino = to have the same/common cultural and political history

sooen z zunanjo nevarnostjo = confronted with/by external danger drave vseh oblik in velikosti = the states of all shapes and sizes vlada je osnovni instrument drave = the government is the essential instrument of the country povzroiti propad drave = to cause the collapse of the state najvija in konna zakonita avtoriteta = supreme/the highest and final legal authority nadvlada znotraj drave = internal supremacy zunanja neodvisnost = external independence imeti ustrezna pooblastila = to possess/having adequate powers predan na milost in nemilost = to be at the mercy of nae sodbe se razlikujejo = we differ in our judgement ogroanje lovekove svobode = threathening human freedom trditev temelji na zdravem razumu = the statement is based on the common sense razpad sistema mestnih drav = the collapse of the city-state system lovekov izvirni greh = man's original sin predanost demokraciji = commitment/devotion to democracy potreba po dravnem urejanju = the need/necessity for state requlation Stran 38/naloga 2: Synonyms WORD SYNONYM/EXPLANATION snug rightly placed, closely fitting genteel polite and well-bred (ironic) levy collect by authority or force populace people, masses discernible that can be clearly seen sporadic occuring only occasionally foment increase (disorders or discontent) frown on disapprove of pinpoint hit the target accurately rupture breaking apart Stran 43/naloga 3: Prepositions 1. All the mistakes arose from the basic misunderstanding. 2. The ethnic disputes resulted in war. 3. The belief was rooted in family and social traditions. 4. The division became autonomous from a corporate conglomerate. 5. The term state is not synonymous with nation 6. They supported integration into the union. 7. The transition from industrial into post-industrial society was a long process. 8. The laws of globalized trade are reflected in the functioning of social structures. 9. The project is subject to confirmation. 10. The plan was discussed on the level of the committee. 11. Some scientists have considered globalisation as a step to a comlex system of interdependence, which faces a crisis of the consumer. Stran 50/naloga 7: Organizing patterns of the international sytem A bipolar system: two states have a preponderance of power over other actors it is characterised by a leading actor within each of two states the end of World War II culminated in a bipolar system dominated by the US and the USSR A multipolar system: there are at least three poles of actors predominant more than two centers of power two of the poles can join the forces against the third one to balance its power and prevent it from becoming the single predominant power multipolar system characterised Europe between 1815 and 1914 An unipolar system:

rare in history example is the Roman Empire at the start of the Christian era one pole is predominant actor today we can talk perhaps about US as such a single predominant pole in the world Stran 54/naloga 5b: Prepositions 1. Some 800 to 900 years ago the modern state-system did not exist. 2. The modern state-system gradually came into being between the 14th and the 17th century. 3. The Greek city-states flourished from 800 to 322 BC. 4. States in modern sense of the word have existed in Europe since at least rise of the Capetian dynasty. 5. In 1948 The Treaties of Muenster and Osnabrueck were signed. 6. Until the fall of the Berlin wall a bipolar system prevailed. 7. After World War II reconstruction began. 8. During the period of Enlightenment the first books were printed. 9. The treaty was signed on 1st October. 10. The war has been raging for five years. Stran 62/naloga 2: Word partnership 1. establish an international organization 2. make a recommendation 3. hold a conference 4. handle a question 5. maintain international peace 6. accomplish an aim 7. promote social progress 8. exhibit full powers Stran 62/naloga 3: Prepositions The allies, who were at war with the Axis Powers subscribed to the principles of the Atlantic Charter. They met in San Francisco in 1945 to establish the UN Organization. The mainpurposes of the Organization were to save the humankind from another war an to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights. The Organization is composed of six main organs. The General Assembly makes recommendations on a broad range of questions on the field of international relations. The basic constitutive document finally entered in force on October 24, 1945, when the representatives of States and Governments agreed to the Charter of the UN. Stran 62/naloga 4: Translation 1. naela suverenosti in enakosti = principles of suvereignty and equality 2. obveznosti izhajajoe iz mednarodnih listin = obligations arising from international treaties 3. miroljubno reevanje sporov = peaceful settlement of disputes 4. ogroanje ozemeljske celovitosti = threatening the territorial integrity 5. posegati v notranje zadeve = interfere into the eternal affairs 6. v pristojnosti drav lanic = in the competence of the member states 7. uporaba prisilnih sredstev = the use of coercive means / the use of force 8. sprejeti naela Ustanovne listine ZN = accept/adopt the principles of the UN Charter Stran 65/naloga 8: Word formation 1. Promotion of health is one of the important tasks of the UN. 2. They have signed a pledge/oath known as the UN Charter. 3. The establishment of the UN dates back in 1945. 4. By the October 24, 1945, 29 instruments of ratification were deposited. 5. The Security Council is responsible for maintenance of international peace and security. 6. The proposal gained widespread acceptance. 7. The challenge of globalisation requires the institution of adequite measures. 8. They committed themselves to the advancement of social standards. 9. They were negotiating the salvation of the problem. 10. The settlement of the dispute depends on the parties' determination for peace. 11. The topic of disarmament remains an important issue in search rof global peace. 12. The failure of the project can be attributed to insufficient resources. 13. Instability on the Balkans represents a threat to the peace of Europe. 14. Information technology shoul be introduced to the poorer countries without hesitation.

15. The appeasement policy of Western powers towards germany was one of the reasons for the dismantlement of the League of Nations. Stran 69/naloga 2: Prepositions Membership of the UN consists of the original members and states subsequently accepted as members in accordance with the provisions of the Charter. Membership is open to all other peaceloving states which in the judgement of the UN are able and willing to carry them out. The admission of new members is dependent on the approval of the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. A member can be expelled from the UN by the General assembly. Stran 69/naloga 3: Word formation 1. The proposal met with general acceptance. 2. Admission to the school is by examination only. 3. Strict enforcement of the new law was recommended by the Assembly. 4. The exercise of patience is essential in diplomatic relations. 5. After some years of suspension the rights were restored to them by the Security Council. 6. States persistently violating the Charter are expelled from the Organization. 7. Demonstrations were followed by an outbreak of violence. The government was accused of violation of the rights of the citizens. 8. Law and order were quickly restored after the attempted revolution. Stran 103/naloga 5: Translation Z izrazoma globalno segrevanje ali klimatske spremembe pojmujemo spremembe, ki jih je povzroil lovek. The terms global warming or climate changes refer to the changes caused by mankind. Med leti 1860 in 1900 se je na Zemlji povprena temperatura dvignila za 0,75 stopinj. Between 1860 and 1900 the average temperature on the Earth rose for 0,75 degrees. Rast temperatur v zadnjih 50ih letih znanstveniki pripisujejo izloanju ogljikovega dioksida in drugih plinov, ki povzroajo uinek tople grede. The growth of temperatures in the last fifty years scientists assign to the excretion of the carbon dioxide and other gases that cause greenhouse effect. Najveji onesnaevalec so ZDA: prispevajo kar 24 % svetovnega izpusta ogljikovega dioksida. The biggest polluter are the USA: they contribute 24 % of global emissions of carbon dioxide. S Kjotskim protokolom so se razvite drave zavezale, da bodo emisije zniale povpreno za 5 % pod ravnijo iz leta 1990. Under the Kyoto Protocol developed countries committed themselves to the reduction of emissions on average by 5 % below the level from 1990. Uinki klimatskih sprememb so nepredvidljivi, vendar se bo po predvidevanjih znanstvenikov zaradi pretirano poveanih temperatur zmanjala ledena ploskev na Grenlandiji, zato naj bi izumrle tevilne ivalske vrste. The effects of climate changes are unpredictable but by predictions of scientists the ice surface of Greenland will decrease due to the excessive increase of temperatures and therefore a number of animal species are to be extinct. eprav se toplogredni plini v ozraje ne sproajo samo zaradi lovekove dejavnosti, je lovek z uporabo fosilnih goriv, pri gorenju katerih se sproa ogljikov dioksid, mono preobremenil naravne mehanizme. Even if greenhouse gases are not released into the atmosphere only because of human activities, the mankind, with the use of burning fossil fuels, which emit carbon dioxide, strongly overburdened the natural mechanisms. Trenutno je koncentracija ogljikovega dioksida v ozraju e za etrtino veja od naravne, ocenjujemo pa, da se bo v naslednjih petdesetih letih lovekov prispevek podvojil. The current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is already for a quarter higher than the natural, but we estimate that the human contribution will be doubled in the next fifty years.

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