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Trouble Shooting
Problem/Cause
A. Belt runs off tail pulley B. Belt runs to one side for long distance or entire length of conveyor. C. Particular section of belt runs to one side at all points on conveyor. D. Belt runs off at head pulley. E. Conveyor runs to one side at given point on structure. F. Belt runs true when empty, crooked when loaded. G. Belt slips. H. Belt slips on starting. I. Excessive belt stretch.
J. Grooving, gouging or stripping of top cover. K. Excessive top cover wear, uniform around belt. L. Severe pulley cover wear. M. Longitudinal grooving or cracking of bottom cover. N. Covers harden or crack. O. Cover swells in spots or streaks. P. Belt breaks at or behind fasteners; fasteners pull out. Q. Vulcanized splice separation. R. Excessive edge wear, broken edges. S. Transverse breaks at belt edge. T. Short breaks in carcass parallel to belt edge, star breaks in carcass. U. Ply separation. V. Carcass fatigue at idler junction.* W. Cover blisters or sand blisters. X. Belt cupping-Old Belt (was OK when new).
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13.
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17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.
M at er ia l t r apped bet w een b e lt and p u lley: inst a ll p low s or scr aper s on r et ur n r un ahea d of tail pulley. Belt edges folding up on structure: same corrections as for 1, 2, 3; install limit switches; provide more clearance. Dirty stuck, or misaligned return rolls: remove accumulations; install cleaning devices; use self - cleaning return rolls; improve maintenance and lubrication. C over q ua lit y t oo lo w: r ep lac e w it h b elt of heav ier cov er ga uge or h igher qu a lit y r ubb er or other elastomer. overSpilled oil or grease: over - lubrication of idlers: improve housekeeping; reduce quantity of grease used; check grease seals. Wrong type of fastener, fasteners too tight or too loose: use proper fastener and splice technique; set up schedule for regular f astener inspection. Heat or chemical damage: use belt designed for specific conditio n. Fastener plates too long for pulley size: replace with smaller fasteners: increase pulley size. Severe convex (hump) vertical curve: decrease idler spacing in curve ; increase curve radius. Excessive forward tilt or trough roll: replace idlers; replace with heavier belt. Excess gap between idler rolls : replace with the proper belt. Insufficient transverse stiffness : replace with the proper belt. small: Pulleys too small : use larger diameter pulleys. C o u nt e r w e ig ht t o o l ig h t : a d d c ou nt er w e ight o r in cr ea se s cr e w t ak e - up t en s io n t o va lu e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m c a l c u l a t i o n s . Counterweight too heavy: lighten counterweight to value required by calculations. Pulley lagging worn: replace pulley lagging. Insufficient traction between belt and pulley: lag drive pulley; increase belt wrap; install belt cleaning devices. System under belted: recalculate belt tensions and select proper belt. Excessive sag between idlers causing load to work and shuffle on belt as it passes over idlers: increase tension if unnecessarily low; reduce idler spacing. offBelt running off - center around the tail pulley and through the loading area: install training idlers on the return run prior to tail pulley. Belt hitting structure: install training idlers on carrying and return run.
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38.
Improper belt installation causing apparent excessive belt stretch: pull belt through counterweight with a tension equal to at least empty running tension; run belt in mechanical with mechanical fasteners. Structure not level: level structure in affected area. Cover cuts or very small cover punctures allow fines to work under cover and cut selfcover away from carcass: make spot repair with vulcanizer or self - curing repair material. Worn edge: "press" edge. edge: Interference from belt scrapers: adjust belt scrapers. Tension too high for fasteners: use vulcanized splice. Belt carcass too light: select stronger carcass. Belt misalignment: see training recommendations. Variations in nature an for mation of load: use notched chute to keep load peak in exact center of belt. Belt not making good contact with all idlers: adjust height so all idlers contact belt. Sharp edges of material or tramp iron coming in contact with cover: use jingle impact bars, impa ct idlers, magnetic removal equipment.
39. 40.
* * * * *
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Below is a general guide to fixing some of the most common problems with conveyor systems as it pertains to the belt. If you can not successfully overcome your problem, contact SOMI CONVEYOR BELTINGS LTD. to arrange for a belting expert to help you with your problem.
1. Excessive top cover wear over entire top surface or in load carrying area.
A. The top cover quality is not adequate for the system/material being conveyed. Upgrade to a heavier top cover. Upgrade to a better cover compound. B. Off center loading or improper loading of the belt. Make sure load chute places the load in the center of the belt. Make sure the direction of the material down the chute is in the direction of the belt travel. C. Material build-up on the pulley faces of the return idlers, or on the conveyor structure it's self. Clean system, improve material containment, install cleaners, check skirting, install material plows after the head pulley. D. Frozen, dirty, or misaligned return idlers. Clean rollers, properly align rollers, install cleaning devices at head pulley, use self cleaning rollers, improve maintenance (alignment, lubrication, and cleaning). E. Too much distance in between the idlers causing excessive material movement as the load travels up and over the idlers. Decrease the distance between idlers, increase tension if the belt is under tensioned.
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6. Belt runs to one side for a considerable distance, or the entire conveyor.
A. The belt is running off center as it comes around the tail pulley and/or through the load point. Re-track belt, install training idlers on the return prior to the tail pulley. B. Build up of material on idler rollers. Clean and maintain. Install scrapers, brushes, and other cleaning devices. C. Off center loading or improper loading of the belt. Make sure load chute places load in the center of the belt. Make sure the direction of the material down the chute is in the direction of the belt travel. D. The pulleys and or the idlers are out of square with the belt centerline. Readjust pulleys and or idlers. E. Idler stands are not centered to the belt. Readjust the stands for proper alignment. F. The conveyor frame is not square or the system is not properly supported. Straighten the frame in the affected area and check to make sure support in that area is correct.
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D. Frozen idlers. Replace or repair frozen idlers. Improve maintenance of idlers (lubrication, cleaning, alignment). E. Material build-up on the pulley face or conveyor structure. Clean system, improve material containment, install cleaners, check skirting, install material plows and scrapers. F. One or more of the system pulleys are below the acceptable diameter. Replace pulleys with diameters acceptable to belt requirements.
B. Compound degradation due to ozone and ultraviolet light during long term storage. Store inside out of direct sunlight and weather. Utilize spare belts sooner. C. It is a natural tendency for rubber to get harder as it ages. This is due to the drying out of the plasticizers in the compound. As belts age, and the rubber dries out, the cover wear will be accelerated. This is similar to what is commonly referred to as dry rot in tires.
10. The cover/s are swelling and/or getting soft s in certain areas.
The belt is contaminated with spilled oil or grease. Improve house keeping, avoid spilling of hydrocarbon based lubricants on the belt. Don't over grease bearings. Check grease seals on bearings.
11. A certain section of the belt runs to one side regardless of the location on conveyor.
the
If the section is at the splice then the belt splice is crooked. Remove splice and rejoin belt ends insuring belt ends are square in accordance with belt/fastener manufacturer.
12. The belt runs to one side only in a certain section or portion of the
conveyor.
A. Frozen idlers. Replace or repair frozen idlers. Improve maintenance of idlers (lubrication, cleaning, alignment). B. The pulleys and or the idlers are out of square with the belt centerline. readjust pulleys and or idlers. C. Build up of material on idler rollers. Clean and maintain. Install scrapers, brushes, and other cleaning devices. D. The conveyor frame is not square or the system is not properly supported. Straighten the frame in the affected area and check to make sure support in that area is correct. E. The idler stands are not centered to the belt. Readjust the stands for proper alignment. F. Make sure the conveyor structures is level from side to side. Level structure.
SOMI CONVEYOR BELTINGS LTD., Page 10 of 17
13. Star breaks in belt carcass, or short breaks in belt carcass parallel to belt edge.
A. Material is getting trapped between belt and pulley. Improve containment at load point. Improve containment along the conveyor. Install plows or scrapers in front of tail pulley. Practice good house keeping. B. Too great of an impact on the belt at the load point. Install impact idlers or impact bed. Redesign chute with slow down bars or reduced drop. C. Upgrade to a carcass with a nylon fill yarn, or an all nylon carcass. (But in the long run fixing the problem will be cheaper.)
16. The belt is curling up on the edges, cupping. The belt was fine when installed but over time it cupped.
A. Heat or chemical damage to the belt. Make sure to use the correct belt carcass and compounds for the application. There may be cases where this is the norm in handling extremely dry products that pull the plasticizers out of the cover compound. In these cases using a belt with a heavier bottom cover will help off-set the problem. Or, try a belt with balanced covers which would allow you to turn the belt over several times in the life of the belt to counteract the problem.
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B. We have seen an incredible amount of belt curling in the last year or better from the competitions belt. All I can tell you is that SOMI has never had a warranty claim due to the belt curling up like a tube.
17. Belt runs fine when it's empty but wont track right when it's loaded.
A. The belt is not making good contact with all of the idlers. Readjust the idlers for proper belt contact. B. Off center loading or improper loading of the belt. Make sure load chute places load in the center of the belt. Make sure the direction of the material down the chute is in the direction of the belt travel. C. Variations in the formation and nature of the load at the load point. Use a deflector/notched chute to keep the load peak as close to the center of the belt as possible.
18. The top cover is grooved, gouged, or the top cover is stripped off.
A. Improper skirt board, improper skirt board adjustment, belt to skirting holding structure. Make sure to use proper skirt board, not old belt! Make sure load point is in proper adjustment, i.e. belt clearance. Adjust skirt board to reduce pressure on the belt top cover. B. Material is lodging in the chute. Open up the chute, reduce size of lumps in material, restrict feed rate. C. Material hanging up at the load point. Either in the chute or under the chute. Increase distance from belt to chute. Widen the chute. Install baffles to spread the material at the load point. D. Too great of impact on belt at the load point. Install impact idlers or impact bed. Redesign chute with deflection (slow down) bars to reduce drop. Upgrade top cover compound. E. Sharp edges on material, foreign material such as tramp iron in the product. Remove foreign material, i.e.. magnet, improve load point drop, upgrade top cover compound. F. Improper top cover compound for the application. Check with manufacturer for proper compound.
A. Frozen idlers. Replace or repair frozen idlers. Improve maintenance of idlers (lubrication, cleaning, alignment). B. Material build-up on the pulley face or conveyor structure. Clean system, improve material containment, install cleaners, check skirting, install material plows in front of pulley. C. Insufficient traction between belt and drive pulley. Make sure drive pulley is free of build up. Lag Drive pulley. Increase belt wrap on drive pulley. Increase belt tension. D. Pulley lagging is worn. Replace with new or correct pulley lagging. E. Too much distance in between the idlers causing excessive material movement as the load travels up and over the idlers, forcing the belt into the idler junctions. Decrease the distance between idlers, increase tension if the belt is under tensioned. F. Insufficient transverse belt stiffness. Replace belt with one recommended for the weight of load and belt width. Decrease load.
21. Belt breaks just behind the mechanical fastener, or the mechanical fastener pulls out.
A. The fastener plates used in the mechanical fastener are to long. Replace with a smaller fastener if tensions will permit it, or increase the pulley diameters. B. Incorrect fastener for the belt/application. Improper fastener installation. Check fastener application specifications, make sure it's the right fastener for the job. Make sure fastener is installed per manufacturers instructions. C. The tension is too great for the fastener. Upgrade to a higher rated fastener if possible. Switch to a vulcanized slice. D. One or more of the system pulleys are below the acceptable diameter. Replace pulleys with diameters acceptable to belt requirements. E. Belt scrapers are not correctly adjusted or installed. Check belt scrapers, readjust or replace if necessary. F. The carcass of the belt is too light or of the wrong material. Up grade to a heavier belt carcass or one that incorporates a nylon fill yarn, or a monofilament fill yarn.
D. Incorrect fastener for the belt/application. Improper fastener installation. Check fastener application specifications, make sure it's the right fastener for the job. Make sure fastener is installed per manufacturers instructions.
23. Carcass fatigue at the junction of the individual idlers on a carrying idler set.
A. Insufficient transverse belt stiffness. Replace belt with one recommended for the weight of load and belt width. Decrease load. B. Inadequate transition distance from the pulley to the troughing idlers. Increase transition length. Rule of thumb, transition is equal to 2.5 times belt width minimum. C. A condition of tilted or over tilted troughing idlers exists. Idler frames should be located per manufacturers recommendations, usually at 90 degrees to the belt and conveyor frame. Align idlers per manufacturers recommendations. D. The spacing between the individual idler rollers is too great. Replace idlers utilizing a system with reduced roller gap. E. Too much distance in between the idler sets causing the belt to be forced in between the individual idler rollers. Decrease the distance between idler sets, increase tension if the belt is under tensioned.
24. The belt is curling or cupping down, towards the bottom cover.
Oils in the product are causing the top cover to swell or expand. Replace belt with one that is rated for higher oil resistance.
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Heat Resistant Special Heat Resistant Oil Resistant Friction Top Fire Resistant Heavy Duty
IS 1891 (Part-I I) IS 1891 (Part-I I) "SOM1FLEX" standard IS 1891 (Part-Ill) IS 1819 (Part-I)
Fire resistance and antistatic CAN/CSA-M422-M87DINSpecial Developed for "SOMIPLEX" Selection lump size 300 x standard High Abrasion Resistance "SOMIFLEX" tear Strength Heavy Lump standard
Should you fail to find the belt suitable for your application from this Cist at standard construction please refer to us for other types of Belting available from our comprefiensive range, but not listed here.
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Max. Belt Width (mm) for satisfactory Load Support 3 (Material Density in T/m )
Type
Rating
200/2 250/2 315/3 400/3 500/3 630/3 400/4 500/4 630/4 200/2 250/2 315/3 400/3 500/3 630/3
KN/m
20 25 31 40 50 63 40 55 70 20 25 31 40 50 63
(mm)
2.4 2.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.6 4.8 5.0 2.8 3.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.8
(Kg/m2)
2.7 2.8 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.4 5.2 5.4 5.7 3.1 3.5 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.4
Upto 1.0
650 650 .1000 1050 1200 1200 1200 1200 1300 650 650 1200 1200 1300 1300
Upto 1.5
500 600 800 900 900 1000 100 1050 1100 500 600 1000 1000 1100 1100
Upto 2.5
400 450 650 650 800 800 800 900 900 400 500 800 800 900 1000
20
300 450 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 400 400 500 500 500 500
30
300 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 400 400 500 500 500 500
45
350 500 500 500 500 500 600 650 650 450 450 500 600 600 650
General Duty
Lxtra Duty
Heavy Duty
DESCRIPTION/ GRADE
Grade M-24 Grade N-17 H.R.-T1 H.R.-T2 SEHR-72 O.R. Bare back FR
SERVICE
Heavy duty for highly abrasive material Medium heavy duty for moderately abrasive material Max. operating Temp. 125 C Max. operating Temp. 150 C Max. operating Temp. 200u C Oil & Fat Resistant Light materials Fire resistance and antistatic
SPECIFICATION
IS 1891 (Parti) IS 1891 (Part-I) IS 1891 (Part-II) IS 1891 (Part-II) "SOMIFLEX" standard IS 1891 (Part-Ill) IS 1819 (Part-I) CAN/CSA-M-422M87DIN-22103IS 1891 (Part V)
Heat Resistant Special Heat Resistant Oil Resistant Friction Top Fire Resistant
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Max. Belt Width (mm) for satisfactory Load Support 3 (Material Density in T/m )
Type
Rating
315/3 400/3 500/3 500/4 630/3 630/4 800/4 800/5 1000/4 1000/5 1250/4 315/3 400/3 500/3 500/4 630/3 630/4 800/4 800/5 1000/4 1000/5 1250/4 1250/5 1400/4 1600/4 1600/5 2000/5
KN/m
31 40 55 55 70 70 90 90 110 110 140 31.5 40 50 55 70 70 90 90 110 110 140 140 155 180 180 220
(mm)
2.7 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.3 4.5 4.7 5.5 5.5 6.0 5.9 3.2 39 4.0 5.2 4.3 5.6 5.8 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.7 7.4 7.5 7.7 8.1 10.2
(Kg/m2)
3.0 3.1 3.3 4.4 3.6 4.7 5.0 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.7 4.0 4.1 4.3 5.8 4.6 6.1 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.4 7.4 7.9 7.7 8.1 8.9 9.4
A
400 400 500 500 500 630 630 800 800 800 800 400 400 500 500 500 630 630 800 800 800 800 1000 1000 1000 1250
B
315 315 400 400 400 500 500 630 630 630 630 315 315 400 400 400 500 500 630 630 630 630 800 800 . 800 1000
C
250 250 315 315 315 400 400 500 500 500 500 250 250 315 315 315 400 400 500 500 500 500 630 630 630 800
20
400 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 650 500 500 500 500 500 500 650 650 750 800 800 -
30
450 500 500 500 500 500 500 650 800 500 500 500 500 500 650 800 800 900 1000 1000
45
500 500 500 650 500 650 650 800 900 500 600 650 650 650 800 900 900 1000 1200 1200 -
General Duty
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