npo].

FOPHC HABHOB KHTAHOB

PA3HO3HABAHE H
CTBHPAHE HA BHAKH
3EMH3AT-COOHR-1987
OCR , qopua1upaue ,kounep1upaue
MesserSchmidt
gripen@abv.bg
YBO
Oranna ce uyncrnyname neoxonmocrra or onpeennren na nnxnre n Fnrapnx, xaro
ce nma npenn ronemnxr po nnopacrxmn pacrennx, xon-ro ce ynorpexnar n naponara n
cnpemennara mennnna 750 nna or oxono 3300 nna, pacrxmn n namara crpana. T xaro
xnnrara me ce nonsyna or xopa c pasnnuna nororonxa n opasonanne, pacrennxra ne ca
nopeenn no cncremarnuen pe, xaxro ca aenn nn ,unopa na Fnrapnx" or H. Croxnon, F.
Cre]anon n F. Knranon (r.I-II, 1966-1967 r.) n nn ,unopa na HP Fnrapnx" (xonexrnn), or
xoxro ocera ca nsnesnn ocem roma (1963-1982 r.).
Hpn pasenxnero na nnxnre na rpynn e nsnpner enn npaxrnuen, xcno pasnnunm ener
arpara na nneronere. Hpnern ca ceem rpynn pacrennx, xaro npnara oxnama nnxnre es
nnerone (nanparonnnnre n ronocemennnre), nropara nnxnre c xnrn nnerone, rperara
c xa]xnn nnerone nnn cnnernx n r. n. B resn rpynn ce nxnmunar ncnuxn pasrneann n
nacroxmara xnnra mennnncxn pacrennx. Koraro nneronere na ena nnxa nmar pasnnunn
arpn, nanpnmep xoraro aen nn n enn cnyuan opasyna enn, n pyr cnyua posonn nnn
uepnenn nnerone, ro ce nocouna n n rpynara na pacrennxra c enn n n rpynara na pacrennxra c
posonn nnn uepnenn nnerone, n ro n cornernnre rannnn. Onncannero na pacrennxra oaue ce
ana camo na eno mxcro. Ho npaxrnuecxn copaxennx ca nsnpnern nxxon nonoxennx,
xonro ne cnnaar c npeonaanamnre cera cxnamannx sa cncremarnxara na pacrennxra. Taxa
nanpnmep nanparonnnnre pacrennx ca nocouenn xaro enn oren, sanaseno e enennero na
nycemeennnre pacrennx na necpacnoneneunn n cpacnoneneunn, xoero nsnnpeno mnoro
ynecnxna paorara c rannnnre sa onpeenxne. Tesn rannnn ca nspaorenn copasno c
onncannre nnxn,no xoraro ce e nanarano, ca nsern npenn n enesnre na cemecrna, poone n
nn-one, xonro ne ce pasrnexar n xnnrara, sa a ce nsrxne pasnnunero nm. 3a ynecxnane n
nponepxa na onpeenennxra ca aenn onncannx na ncnuxn nnxn xaxro n nnernn nnmcrpannn.
Hanoxnrenno e oaue, npen a ce nsnonsyna xnnrara, nnrepecynamnxr ce a ce sanosnae
ope cc cornernara repmnnonornx n c uacrnre na pacrennxra, onncann n pasen
,Mop]onornx na pacrennxra". Kero e nsmoxno, sa poonere, xonro nmar n pyrn nnone
ocnen onncannx n ne ca orenxsann n rannnnre sa onpeenxne, e aen xapaxrepen ener nnn
enesn, no xonro pasrnexannxr nn ce pasnnuana or ncnuxn ocranann.
(5)
Cnncxr na pacrennxra, ynorpexnann n naponara mennnna, eme ccranen rnanno or on.
x. ]. n. Hnan Acenon, sanexam xarepa no ]apmaxornosnx n orannxa npn uapmanenrnunnx
]axynrer na Mennnncxara axaemnx n Co]nx. Or ronemnx po nnone na 750, xxa
nspann oxono 340, n ro rnanno raxnna, xonro ce ynorpexnar xaxro n cnpemennara
mennnna, raxa n n naponara nnn nx ca ocoeno nonynxpnn n naponara mennnna. Hpn
rona sacnyxana a ce nsrxne, ue nourn ncnuxn nnone pacrennx, ynorpexnann n
cnpemennara mennnna, ce nsnonsynar n n naponara, n ro mnoro oranna. Tona noxasna, ue
naponara mennnna n pesynrar na mnoronexonen onnr e ycranonnna neuennre cnocrna na
ronxm po pacrennx, xonro nocrenenno ce nsnpnemar or cnpemennara mennnna.
Hopan penna ocroxrencrna on. Hn. Acenon ne moxa a nseme yuacrne n nanncnanero na
rasn xnnra. 3a nonoxennx or nero rpy nsxasnam moxra naroapnocr.
Ocranannre pacrennx, xonro ce ynorpexnar n naponara mennnna, nxa mornn enenryanno
a ar pasrneann n pyra xnnra c nooen xapaxrep.
(6)
PAHHOHAAHO CTBHPAHE H OHA3BAHE HA BHAKHTE
B cnpemennara mennnna nce noneue cn nponna nr renennnxra sa ncecrpanno nsnonsynane
na neuennre pacrennx, xaro n penna cnyuan re ce npenounrar npe xnmnunnre, cnnrernunn
nexapcrna. Haponara mennnna, xoxro y nac nce ome ne e nannno npoyuena, ana nonn,
nennn annn sa neuennero na nxxon onecrn, xonro ca rpynoneunmn c nosnarnre
nexapcrnenn cpecrna. ocraruno e a ce cnomene npenoxennxr or naponnx neunren Hnan
Paen or c Bnnxa naunn sa nexynane na cnnara onecr c nnnen excrpaxr or xopennre na
nyoro nne, omonpnero n nsnecrno cera no nanmenonannero ,nrapcxo neuenne" (Cura
bulgara), orxpnnanero na nnnannna, ocnonanam ce cmo na naponara mennnna, n mnoro
pyrn. Ero samo nn nncmnre mennnncxn nncrnryrn or 1976 r. e nneen xypc no
]nrorepannx. B Mennnncxara axaemnx n Co]nx ce orxpn xnnnnxa no ]nrorepannx, a nn
ncnuxn oxpxnn onnnnn nma xannern no ]nrorepannx. Hpes 1977 r. ce yrnpn nporpama sa
nsnnnenne na ocnonnnre nacoxn na pxannnx cner na HP Fnrapnx sa onasnane,
xynrnnnpane n pannonanno nsnonsynane na neuennre pacrennx y nac o 1990 ronna.
B pesynrar na napacnannx nnrepec xm nnxnre npes nocnennre ronnn pxsxo ce ynennun
xaxro poxr na nsnonsynannre nnone, raxa n xonnuecrnoro, n xoero re ce cnpar sa mecrnn
nyxn n sa nsnoc. Bn npsxa c naronpnxrnnre exonornunn ycnonnx n namara crpana nec
Fnrapnx e enn or na-ronemnre nsnocnrenn na nnxn na cneronnnx nasap n npna na
enponecxnx. Ocnen rona namara xnmnxo-]apmanenrnuna npomnmnenocr ncxxa ronna
ycnoxna nonn neuenn npenaparn or nnxn, n ro ne camo sa saononxnane na namnre nyxn,
no n sa nsnoc.
Or ncnuxo rona crana xcno xonxo cnnno moxe a nonnnxe rosn nn cronancxa enocr npxy
pasnpocrpanxnanero na orennn pacrennx. Cmecrnyna ronxma onacnocr or ynnmoxanane na
penna pacrennx, axo ne ce nsemar mepxn a ce pernamenrnpa rxxnoro cnpane.
Pasnpa ce, ue ycnexnre n cronancxoro nsnonsynane na nnxnre sa mecrnn nyxn n sa nsnoc,
cpemy xoro ce nonyuana nenna nanyra, moxe camo a nn pana n rpxna a ce noompxna. Ho n
rona ornomenne cmecrnynar nxxon cnaocrn, xonro noxr o nnno ynnmoxanane na resn
nennn pacrennx. Fnnxnre ce cnpar mnoro esorronopno, xnmnnuecxn. Opasynannre
pnran or yuennnn, nencnonepn n p. onxnoneno onpar nsnxno cornernoro pacrenne n
aeno naxonme, xaro na-uecro ro orcxynar saeno c xopennre nnn ro nsxonanar, npen a
e pasnpcnano cemenara cn (nyo nne, nnxnxa, nrnnxa n p.), n pesynrar na xoero cne
nxxonxo ronnn pacrennero nsuesna. Ipnxnre na oprannsannnre, nponexamn
nnxocnpanero, ce cnexar o nsnnnennero na nnana, es a ce nnrepecynar samo ce crnra
o nsuesnanero na mnoro neuenn pacrennx. Taxana nenocpecrnena onacnocr sannamna
xnrara rnnrxna, nernncrara rnnrxna, nnxnxara n p., xonro n penna naxonma ca
ynnmoxenn nnn cnnno namanenn nopan esornenoro nsxonanane na nosemnnre nm uacrn.
ope paspannre nnrepecn na crpanara, xonro nannno cnnaar c
(7)
nsncxnannxra sa samnra na npnpoara, nanarar a ce nsemar psn mepxn sa sanasnane n
ynennuanane na rona name npnpono orarcrno. Heoxonmo e a ce nnee paonnpane na
nnxocnpanero, sa a ce ae nsmoxnocr a ce nscranonxr ecrecrnennre naxonma, a ce
cnasnar crporo nsncxnannxra npn cnpanero na nnxnre, a onesn or rxx, npn xonro
ecrecrnennre pesepnn ca neocrarunn, a ce xynrnnnpar n noxoxmn mecra. Hanpanennre
onnrn n nxxon cronancrna ca nacpunrennn n nmar op nxonomnuecxn e]exr.
Heoxonmo e a ce sacnnn nsnnrarennara enocr. Ha ncnuxn nnxocnpaun rpxna a ce
pasxcnn snauennero na neuennre pacrennx, xonro ca name nannonanno orarcrno, n
neoxonmocrra or onasnanero nm. 3a rasn nen morar a ce nsnonsynar necrnnnnre n
cnncannxra, panoro n renennsnxra, pasnnunn nsnoxn, nexropnn n p. cc cecrnnero na
oprannre no samnra na npnpoara, rypncrnuecxnre oprannsannn n p.
Bcnuxn resn mepxn me aar nsmoxnocr a ce nscranonxr naxonmara na orennnre nnxn
n a ce ocnrypn nsnonsynanero nm n eme.
3ABPAHEHH 3A CTBHPAHE PACTEHHR
(3anone NQ 761 na Inannoro ynpannenne na ropnre, nynnxynana nn n. ,Hsnecrnx", p. 63
or 8.VIII.1961 r. ns ocnona na un. 3 or Vxasa sa samnra na ponara npnpoa)
pnera n xpacrn
1. pnonnna xnona Juniperus excelsa M. B.
2. Orponna xnona Juniperus sabina L.
3. Tnc Taxus baccata L.
4. Hapxsanonncren rxnnx Spiraea creniIolia C.A.M.
5. 3nnnxonncren rxnnx Spiraea hypericiIolia L.
6. Bponncren rxnnx Spiraea saliciIolia L.
7. Xpacronnen ounonen Potentilla Iruticosa L.
8. nn poxxon Cercis siliquastrum L.
9. Kaparana Caragana Irutescens DC.
10. Koncxn xecren Aesculus hippocastanum L.
11. xen Ilex aquiIolium L.
12. Fnaraxneno nnue nnxo Daphne blagayana Freyer
13. uepneno nnue nnxo Daphne cneorum L.
14. Komannnono nnue nnxo Daphne koSaninii Stoj.
15. Hanpono nnue nnxo Daphne laureola L.
16. Macnnnonnno nnue nnxo Daphne oleoides Schreb.
17. Paxnrnnx Hippophae rhamnoides L.
18. Annncxa posa Rhododendron kotschyi Simk.
19. Hnpen Erica arborea L.
20. Crpanxancxa oponnnxa Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.
Tpenncrn pacrennx
21. Benepnn xocm Adianthum capilus-veneris L.
22. Rxen smnxpnnx Arum dracunculus L.
23. Hnannncxn xpnn Lilium jankae Kern.
(8)
24. Pooncxn xpnn Lilium rhodopaeum Delip.
25. pxnoncxa xannnxa Fritillaria drenovskyi Deg. et Stoj.
26. Manxa xannnxa Fritillaria minor Led.
27. Crpnpnnena xannnxa Fritillaria stribrnyi Vel.
28. Rxno nane Tulipa celsiana DC.
29. Pooncxo nane Tulipa rhodopaea Vel.
30. Iopcxo nane Tulipa silvestris L.
31. Tpaxncxo nane Tulipa thracica Dav.
32. Vpymono nane Tulipa urumovii Hayek
33. Hxcuen xpem, nn xpnn Pancratium maritimum L.
34. Onnnnepon mnnsyxap Crocus olivieri Gay.
35. Henepyonneren canen Orchis papilionacea L.
36. Bnemonocen canen Orchis militaris L.
37. Xencxn uexn Cypripedium calceolus L.
38. Pnncxn penen Rheum rhaponticum L.
39. Fxna nona posa Nymphaea alba L.
40. Xnra nona posa Nuphar luteum S.S.
41. Hnannncxn oxyp, nnromxo nane TrolHus europaeus L.
42. 3narna nepnna, snarna xannnxa Aquilegia aurea Jka.
43. Pnncxa ccnxa Anemone vernalis L.
44. Hapnnconnna ccnxa Anemone narcissiIlora L.
45. Iopcxa ccnxa Anemone silvestris L.
46. Pooncxa ccnxa Anemone rhodopaea Stoj. et SteI.
47. Hnannncxn noner Clematis alpina L.
48. Kpamopcxa menexma Matthiola Qdoratissima R. Br.
49. Fonnno crpanue Astragalus amacantha M.B.
50. Onxnonen cnannx Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
51. nromnopecra remenyra Viola delphinantha Boiss.
52. xnoncxn opex Trapa natans L.
53. Pnncxa nrnnxa Primula deorum
54. Craponnannncxa nrnnxa Primula Irondosa
55. Eponnerna rnnrxna, escrnena rnnrxna Gentiana kochiana Pers.
56. Fnarna rnnrxna Gentiana pneumonanthe L.
57. Hernncra rnnrxna (uacrnuno sapanena) Gentiana punctata L.
58. Xnra rnnrxna (uacrnuno sapanena) Gentiana lutea L.
59. Cnnnnpxx Haberlea rhodopensis Friv.
60. Pamona Ramonda serbica Pan.
61. Mopnna Morina persica L.
62. Eennac Leontopodium alpinum Cass.
(9)
Mopqonornn na pac1ennn1a
Hnn1
uacrnre na enn nnen nynonon nnxr, nspoenn ornn nanrpe, ca: 1) uamxa; 2) nenue; 3)
rnunnxn; 4) nnonnx.
uamxara ce ccron or senenn, manxn, cnoonn nnn cpacnann nncruera, napeuenn
uamenncruera. B nxxon cnyuan rx e cnao pasnnra (nosa) nnn nsomo ne ce pasnnna, xaxnro e
cnyuaxr npn noneuero cnoxnonnernn pacrennx, xero e npenpnara nn nnacnnxn n cnyxn sa
pasnpocrpanxnane na nnoonere. Hpn cnesa, ounonena n p. nneronere ca c nona uamxa,
xaro nnmnara e opasynana or nnonsmenenn npnnnernnnn.
Benuero e na-saenexnmara, na-nsnxnamara uacr na nnera n n onxnonennx xnnor, xaro
ronopnm sa nnerx, nmame npenn na-uecro nero. Ho ]opma, oxpacxa, pasmepn n pyrn enesn
n ycrpocrnoro cn nenuero e nsnnpeno pasnoopasno n no-ope pasnnro or uamxara.
Hncruerara, xonro ro opasynar, ce napnuar nenuenncruera.
uamxara n nenuero opasynar saeno r. nap. noen oxononnernnx (oxyp). Koraro
oxononnernnxr e ccranen or enaxnn nomexy cn nncruera, ro ce napnua npocr (nane). Axo
e xpxo oarpen n npnnnua na nenue, ce napnua nenuennen (ccnxa). Koraro e seneno oarpen
n npnnnua na uamxa, e uamxonnen (xyxypxx). Hpn enocemeennnre pacrennx sa npocrnx
nenuennen oxononnernnx uecro ce ynorpexna nanmenonannero nepnron. Honxxora
oxononnernnxr nnncna (npa).
Hneronere ce napnuar cpacnoneneunn, xoraro nenuenncruerara ca cpacnann nsnxno nnn camo n
ocnonara cn. Koraro ca cnoonn, nneronere ce napnuar necpacnoneneunn. Hnerr e npannnen
(axrnnomop]en), xoraro nenuero e ccraneno or enaxnn nnn pasnnunn no ]opma n pasmepn
nncruera, xonro ce peynar raxa, ue morar a ce npexapar nxxonxo pannnnn na cnmerpnx,
pasenxmn ro na ne enaxnn nononnnxn (mnnxa, nane). Hnerr e nenpannnen (snromop]en),
xoraro eno nnn ne or nenuenncruerara ce pasnnuanar no ]opma n pasmepn or ocranannre.
Torana moxe a ce npexapa camo ena pannnna na cnmerpnx (oonn, ycrnonnernn, remenyrn).
Hpn nxxon pacrennx ncnuxn nenuenncruera ca pasnnunn n ne moxe a ce npexapa pannnna na
cnmerpnx raxnna nnerone ce napnuar acnmerpnunn (nnxnxa).
unr.1 uacrn na nnera:
a-uamxa; -nenue;
n-rnunnxn; r-nnonnnn
(10)
unr.2 Tnnone nnerone:
a-nenpannnen(snromop]en);
-npannnen(axrnnomop]en)
Koraro nenuenncruerara nnn uamenncruerara ca cpacnann nomexy cn camo oruacrn, onnara
cpacnana uacr ce napnua rpnna, a ropnnre, cnoonn uacrx ce napnuar snn (xnone) na
nenuero nnn na uamxara.
Cnope ]opmara nenuero moxe a e: rpecro, xoraro nsnxno nnn n no-ronxmara cn uacr
no nxnna e cpacnano n rpnna, nanpnmep cpennre nnerone n cnnuorneonara nnra;
esnuecro, xoraro nma onna rpecra uacr n ropna, xoxro npnnnua na nra rxcna nnacrnnxa,
pasnepena na ena crpana (rnyxapue); snnuennno, xoraro nma ]opma na uama nnn snnue
(npacxono-nncrna xamanxa); ennonnno, xoraro rpnnara ony e nsyra, a xm npxa
crecnena n cne rona nax cnao pasmnpena n nanooxna enna nnn rpne (nyo nne);
]ynnennno, xoraro rpnnara nocrenenno ce pasmnpxna orony narope n na-rope moxe a
ce pasnepn xopnsonranno (nxn); ncxonnno, xoraro onnara my uacr e nnnnnpnuna, a
ropnara e pasnepena xopnsonranno; n rosn cnyua ropnara uacr ce napnua ncx nesanncnmo or
rona, ann e nxna nnn nspxsana, a ornopr na rpnnara ce osnauana xaro rpno nnn ycrne
(xapro]); nyycrno, xoraro n onnara cn uacr e rpecro, a n ropnara e paseneno na ne ycrnn
(ropna n onna), opasynann or nennnoro cpacrnane na rpn nnn ne nncruera (nnuar 3 nnn 2
suera). Hspesr mexy ne ycrnn e no-nox, orxonxoro mexy ocranannre xnone.
Xapaxrepno e sa ycr-nonnernnre pacrennx. uamxara cmo moxe a e nyycrna. Hpn nxxon
pacrennx nma mnopa. Tona e ynxen xaro rpnna nnn noyrnna xpa na uacrn or
oxononnernnxa (pannna). Tepmnnr nerypxa npn nenuenncruerara ce ynorpexna sa
pasmnpenara nm uacr, a crecnenara nm onna uacr ce napnua noxr (spanen).
Tnunnxnre ce ccroxr or pxxa, onxnoneno rnxa, nnnnnpnuna, n or npamnnx,
pasnonoxen na npxa . Axo nnncna pxxa, npamnnxr e npn-
unr.3 Bnone nenuera:
a-rpecro; -esnuecro; n-snnuennno; r-ennonnno; -]ynnennno; e-ncxonnno; x-nyycrno
(11)
unr.4 Tnunnxa:
a-rnunnxona pxxa; -npamnnx;
n-mxcro na cnpsnane na npamnnxa c pxxara
unr.5 Hnonnx:
a-xunnx - crnue n-nnsanne
cenan. B nxxon cnyuan rnunnxnre ca es npamnnnn n ca xaro nnmxn. Te ce napnuar
cramnnonn. Tnunnxnre morar a ar cnoonn nnn cpacnann no mexy cn. Koraro ca
cpacnann n eno cnonue (rpnna), ce napnuar eno parcrnenn (pyxa), a xoraro ca cpacnann n
ne cnonuera nyparcrnenn xaxnro e cnyuaxr c nxxon oonn pacrennx, npn xonro 9-re
rnunnxn ca cpacnann c pxxnre cn n rpnna, a ecerara e cnoona.
Tnnnunnxr nnonnx ce ccron or 3 uacrn: onna pasmnpena uacr, napeuena xunnx, n xoro ce
namnpar ena nnn nxxonxo npasnnnn (rnesa). B rxx ca pasnonoxenn cemennxnre, or xonro
me ce opasynar nnocnecrnne cemenara. Ha xunnxa ce oueprana crecnena nnnnnpnuna
uacr crnue, sanpmnamo c pasmnpena uacr nnsanne. Koraro crnuero nnncna, nn-
sannero ce napnua npncenano (npxy xunnxa).
Honoxennero na xunnxa no ornomenne na ocranannre nnernn uacrn moxe a e pasnnuno
n sanncn or ]opmara na nnernoro nerno, xoero e naeenennxr n uecro pasmnpen xpa na
nnernara pxxa. Ha nero ca npnxpenenn nnernnre uacrn. To moxe a e nnocxo,
nsnxnano, nnnaro n r. n. Axo nnernoro nerno e nsnxnano, xunnxr ce namnpa na
mxcroro na npnxpennanero na oxononnernnxa n rnunnxnre n e cxpnr nn nenuero. Taxn
xunnx ce napnua ropen (max, nane). Iopen e xunnxr n rorana, xoraro nnernoro nerno ce
nnna n nonyuana nnouecra nnn ennonnna ]opma, xaro rnunnxnre, nenuenncruerara n
uamenncruerara ca pasnonoxenn no neronnx p (xroa, mnnxa, cnnna). Hpn ropnnx xunnx
nnernoro nerno ne cpacrna cc crennre na xunnxa. Axo cnnno nnnaroro nnerno nerno
cpacrna cc crennre na xunnxa raxa, ue rnunnxnre, nenuenncruerara n uamenncruerara ce
namnpar na npxa my, ro ce napnua onen (xoxnue, xpyma). unnxr ce nnxa no uamxara
n nenuero. Hpn nonyonnnx xunnx onnara my nononnna ce cpacrna cc crennre na nnernoro
nerno, a ropnara my uacr ocrana cnoona cpema ce pxxo (s, xamenonomxn, noxr).
Hneronere ca nynononn (xepma]ponrnn), xoraro nmar ope pasnnrn rnunnxn n nnonnnn.
Te ca enonononn, xoraro cpxar camo rnunnxn (mxxn nnerone) nnn camo nnonnnn
(xencxn nnerone). Crepnnnn (esnnonn) ca, xoraro n rxx nnncnar rnunnxn n nnonnnn.
Pacrennx c enonononn nnerone, xonro ce namnpar na enn n cmn exsemnnxp, ce napnuar
enoom-
unr.3 Honoxenne na
xnnxa cnpxmo
pyrnre nnernn uacrn:
a-ropen xunnx;
,n-nonyonen
r-onen xunnx;
(12)

unr. 7. Tnnone ctnnernx:
a rpos; xnac; n xouan; r cennnx; d rnannuxa; e- xomnnuxa;x mnrue; s cnoxen cennnx; n
mernnna
nn (, napennna). Axo enonononnre nnerone ce namnpar na pasnnunn exsemnnxpn, re ce
napnuar nyomnn (xonon).
Cpannnrenno pxxo nneronere ca ennnunn (nane). Onxnoneno re ca cpann na rpynn n ca
pasnonoxenn npxy pasxnonennxra na crnoro. Taxnna rpynn nnerone ce napnuar ctnnernx.
Te ca npxnn, axo ca pasnonoxenn na npxa na crnoro nnn no npxonere na xnonxnre, n
nasnenn, axo ce namnpar n nasnnre na nxxo crnen nncr. Ho crpx ce pasnpa ncxxa
esnncrna nnerna pxxa, nsnnsama nanpano or xopennmero nnn nsmexy npnocnon-nnre
nncra na pacrennero (nrnnxa, rnyxapue).
Pasnnuaname rnanno cnennre rnnone cnnernx:
Knac nnn xnaconnno cnnerne nneronere ca npncenann no nxnnara na ena npocra
pasxnonena oc (noneuero nnone xnnonnex). Knacr e cnoxen, xoraro no ocra nmecro nnerone
nma xnacone (mnoro xnrnn).
Peca xnacue c mexa, ynncnana oc, ccraneno or enonononn nnerone n onanamo cne
npen]rxnanero saeno c ocra (mxxnre cnnernx npn necxa-ra).
Ipos nnn rposonnno cnnerne nneronere ca pasnonoxenn npxy pxxa no nxnnara
na ena npocra nepasxnonena oc (momnna cnsa).
Mernnna rpos, na xoro crpannunnre xnonxn ca pasxnonenn nxxonxo nrn (onec).
Bnr nnernnre pxxn nsnnsar or pasnn rouxn na crnoro, no sanpmnar na ena nnocxocr
(rnor, uepema).
Cennnx rnannara oc e cxcena n nopan rona orennnre nnernn pxxn nsnnsar or ena
rouxa n nmar npnnnsnrenno enaxna nncounna (nrnnxa, cem. Cennnxonnernn). Cennnxr e
npocr, xoraro ncxxa xnonxa (nu) nocn no enn nnxr, n cnoxen, xoraro ncexn nu sanpmna c
no-peno cennnxo-nnno cnnerne.
Inannuxa ornnuana ce or cennnxa no rona, ue nneronere ca es pxxa nnn nourn es
pxxa, pasnonoxenn ca npxy cnao pasmnpenara npxna uacr na ocra na cnnernero n ne ca
onnrn (erennna).
Komnnuxa nneronere ca npncenann npxy pasmnpenara oc na cnne-
(13)
rnero (omo nnerno nerno).Komnnuxara e oxnanara or ronxm po cnnxenn n namanenn
ropnn nncra ,opasynamn nnerna onnnxa(cem. Cnoxnonnernn). Hnnernoro nerno na orennnx
nnxr ne rpxna a ce cmecna c omoro.
Hno
Cnope naunna na opasynanero nm ce pasnnuanar: npocrn nnoone, opasynann or enn
nnonnx, xoro e enncrnen n nnera; copnn (cnoxnn) nnoone, opasynar ce, xoraro na
nnernoro nerno nma nxxonxo camocroxrennn nnonnxa, ncexn or xonro ce npenpma n nno
(oxyp, nmrnue, mannna); nxnnnn nnoone, n opasynanero na xonro nsnmar yuacrne ne camo
nnonnxr, no n pyrn uacrn, na-uecro paspacnanoro ce nnerno nerno (xnxa, xpyma);
cnnonx, opasynann or cnnernx, n xonro nneronere ca mnoro rcro pasnonoxenn.
Bcnecrnne na rona n nnoonere ce cpacrnar n onaar saeno (cmoxnnx, uepnnna). Cnope
ycrpocrnoro cn npocrnre nnoone nnar cyxn n counn. Cyxnre nnoone ca:
Kyrnxa nno cc cyxn crenn, xonro cne yspxnanero my ce pasnyxnar. Tona crana no
pasnnuen naunn: upes pasnyxnane na menonere (nane, remenyra), upes snn na ropnnx xpa
(xapam]nnn), upes ynunnn (max, xamanxa), upes xanaue (ornnnue) n p.
unr. 8. Hnoone:
a copna xocrnnxa; 6 copna mexynxa; n o; r mymynxa; mymynunna; e xyrnxa, ornapxma ce
no menonere;x nona cemxa; s xyrnxa c xanaue; n xyrnxa c ornopn: x nno na noner; n nnona
noen; m nnona rnyxapue; n Hno na pxcr; o nno na pesa; n nno na rap; p ctnnone na
nnna
(14)
Fo na-uecro cyx enornesen, onxnoneno mnorocemenen nno, opasynan or enn
nnoonncr. Pasnyxna ce no nara mena. uopmara my e mnoro pasnoopasna. Xapaxrepen e sa
noneuero oonn pacrennx (canxm, ]acyn.
Bymynxa n mymynunna opasynann ca or na nnoonncra, mexy xonro nma nnnecra
nxnnna nperpaa, no xoxro ca npnxpenenn cemenara. Bymynxara e uernpn nrn no-nra,
orxonxoro mnpoxa, a mymynunnara e ne no-nra nnn na-mnoro rpn nrn no-nra,
orxonxoro mnpoxa. Xapaxrepnn ca sa xpcronnernnre pacrennx.
Opex (opexue) cyx enocemenen nepasnyxnnn nno c rnpa, eena uecro npnenxna
onnnxa; ne ce ornapx n cpxa camo eno ceme (nnna, , necxa). Hpn rpananonncrnnre n
ycrnonnernnre nma cnoxen opex nnor ce pasnaa na 4 opexuera.
3pno enocemenen nno c nnnecra nnona onnnxa, cpacnana nnr-no cc cemero, xoero e
eno. unnxr e ropen. Xapaxrepen e sa xnrnnre pacrennx.
Kpnnarxa opexue cc cyx xoxecr nnn nnnecr nnocx npnarx, nanpnmep npn pxcra, xcena
n p. Hpn xnopnre ce nanmana nona xpnnarxa.
Cemxa oxononnonnxr e xoxecr, no ne cpacrna cc cemero, xoero e eno. Tosn nno e
xapaxrepen rnanno sa cnoxnonnernnre pacrennx, xaro uecro e cnaen c xnpunnxa. Hpn
cennnxonnernnre nma nona cemxa, xoxro npn yspxnanero onxnoneno ce pasnaa na ne
nononnnxn (cemxn).
Counnre nnoone ca:
roa c rnxa nnmna onnnxa n mexa couna nrpemnocr, n xoxro ce namnpar cemenara
(oponnnxn).
Kocrnnxon nno onnnxara my ce ccron or rpn cnox: nnmen nnnecr, cpeen mececr
n nrpemen npnenxn n rnp (xocrnnxa). Cpema ce npn xanxonnx nno n p.
Kocrnnxonnxr nno moxe a nma eno nnn noneue cemena.
Cmecrnynar n mnoro pyrn nnoone, xonro nmar no-orpannueno pasnpocrpanenne.
Hpn nanparonnnnre pacrennx ne ce opasynar nnerone, nnoone n cemena. Hpn rxx
pasmnoxananero crana c enoxnerunn opasynannx cnopn, sarnopenn n cnoponocnn
xyrnxn, napeuenn cnopanrnn. Hpn cmnncxnre nanparn cnopanrnnre ca cpann na rpynn
(copn) or onnara crpana na nncra n uecro ca noxpnrn c nmcnnnn c pasnnuna ]opma r. nap.
noxpnnano (nnysn). Hpn nxxon pacrennx (xnomone n p.) cnopanrnnre ca cpann n
xnacuera, pasnonoxenn na npxa na crnoro.
AHCT
Hncrr ce ccron or nerypa (onxnoneno nnocxa) n nncrna pxxa (c nex ce npnxpenna xm
crnoro), xoxro uecro n ocnonara cn ce pasmnpxna n opasyna r. nap. nnarannme, nmamo
nonxxora ]opma na nra rpnna (xnrnn pacrennx). Koraro ce ronopn sa ]opma n pasmepn na
enn nncr, onxnoneno ce pasnpa camo nerypara my. Hpn mnoro pacrennx orcrpann na
nncrnara pxxa ce opasynar npnnncrnnnn. Ha-uecro re ca na n nmar pasnnuna ]opma n
xoncncrennnx.
Cnope pox na nerypnre, pasnonoxenn na ena pxxa, nncrara nnar: npocrn (xoraro
nerypara e camo ena) n cnoxnn (nerypnre ca noneue).
Cnoxnnre nncra ca: rponn, xoraro nncruerara ca rpn (erennna); na-
(15)
unr. 9. Hncr n uacrnre my:
a nerypa; pxxa; n npnnncrnnnn
nonnnn, xoraro ca noneue, no ncnuxn ca npnxpenenn pananno xm npxa na pxxara
(xoncxn xecren); nepecrn, xoraro orennnre nncruera ca pasnonoxenn eno cne pyro or
nere crpann na omara pxxa. Hepecrnre nncra ca rexonepecrn, axo nncrnara pxxa
sanpmna c eno nncrue (mnnxn) n un]ronepecrn, axo sanpmna c ne nncruera (]n).
Hepecrnre nncra morar a ar npocro, nono, rpono nepecrn n r. n. Hpocro nepecr e
nncrr, xoraro orcrpann na rnannara my pxxa ca pasnonoxenn orennn nenn nncruera;
nono nepecr e, xoraro orcrpann na rnannara my pxxa ca pasnonoxenn nepecrn nncruera, n
r. n.
Cnope omnre oueprannx na nerypara npocrnre nncra, xaxro n nncruerara na cnoxnnre nncra
morar a ar: nrnonnnn, xoraro ca ocrpn, recnn n xopann, nanooxnamn nrna (cmpu,
xnona); nnnenn, xoraro ca noneue or 5 nrn no-nrn, orxonxoro mnpoxn (xnrnn pacrennx);
nannernn, xoraro ca 3-4 nrn no-nrn, orxonxoro mnpoxn, xaro na-mnpoxara nm uacr e n
onnara nm nononnna (xna npa); nponronarn, xoraro ca xaro nannernn-re, no na-
mnpoxara nm uacr ce namnpa n cpeara (nrnue rpose); oparno nannernn, xoraro na-
mnpoxara nm uacr ce namnpa n ropnara nm nononnna (npones); xprnn, xoraro nmar ]opma,
noona na xpr (xpyma); ennnrnunn, xoraro ca enaxno mnpoxn xm ocnonara n xm npxa, a
nxnnara nm e 2 nrn no-ronxma or mnpnnara (spnacren); xnennnn, xoraro nerypara n
ocnonara cn e no-mnpoxa or npxa, a nxnnara e 2 nrn no-ronxma or mnpnnara
(oponnnxn); oparno xnennnn, xoraro na-mnpoxara uacr ce na-
unr. 10. Cnoxnn nncra:
a rexonepecr; 9 un]ronepecr; n nono nepecr; r rpoen; nanennen
(16)
unr. 11. Hpocrn nncra:
a nrnonnen; nnneen; e nponronar; r nanneren; oparno nanneren; e onanen nnn ennnrnuen;
x xnennen; s oparno xnennen; n nonaronnen; x pomnuen; n cpnennen; m
pexonnen; n crpenonnen; o xonnennen
mnpa xm npxa (cmpannxa); pomnunn, xoraro nanooxnar pom (uepna ronona);
nonaronnnn, xoraro npnnnuar na nonara, xaro na-mnpoxara nm uacr, xoxro e rno
saxprnena, ce namnpa na npxa na nerypara, a cne rona nsnenx ce crecnxna n cnnno
ynxena onna uacr (napnuxa); cpnennno onannn, xoraro ca saocrpenn na npxa, nmar
cpnennna ocnona n saxprnenn xnone (nmnxx); pexonnnn, xoraro na npxa ca
saxprnenn, no-mnpoxn, orxonxoro nrn n n ocnonara cn ca nnnrxo n mnpoxo nspxsann
(xonnrnnx) n p.
Hpexonnre ]opmn mexy nocouennre ocnonnn rnnone nncra ce osnauanar, xaro ce
xomnnnpar cornernnre nanmenonannx, nanpnmep nnneno-nannernnxr nncr e recen n nr,
no ne e c ycnopenn pone, no-mnpox e n onnara cn uacr n e saocrpen na npxa.
Cnope pa na nncrara n na nncruerara ce pasnnuanar: nenoxpann nncra, xoraro pr e
nxn, es suera (nmnxx); nannnenn, xoraro suerara ca npannnnn n saocrpenn,
nanooxnamn rpnon (pxcr); nasenn, xoraro pr nm e nspxsan na manxn enuera,
nanooxnamn suera (rap); nn-nonnnn, xoraro nspesnre ca mnpoxn, nepannn, cc
saxprnenn nsarnnn n nnnarn uacrn (noen); napxsann (pasceuenn), xoraro ca noxo
nspxsann, no nspesnre ocrnrar oxm cpeara na nononnnara or nerypara. Or cnox crpana
napxsannre nncra nnar: nanecro napxsann, xoraro nspesnre ca panannn no nocoxa na
rouxara, xero nerypara e sanonena sa nncrnara pxxa (xnen, xnop); nepecro napxsann,
xoraro nspesnre ca no nocoxa na cpenara xnnxa (). Hma cmo pasenenn nncra, npn xonro
nspesnre ocrnrar nourn o cpeara, no uacrnre na nerypara, napeuenn cermenrn nnn nncrnn
xnone, ca cnpsann n ocnonara cn. Te cmo nnar nanennno pasenenn (xnop) n nepecro
pasenenn (cnaxa nanpar). Axo npxnnxr
(17)
unr. 12. Bnone nncra cnope pa na nerypara:
a- nenoxpaen; nannnen; n nasen; r nnnonnen; nanennno napxsan; e nepecro napxsan; x
nanennno pasenen; n nepecro pasenen; n nnponnen xn e no-ronxm or crpannunnre, rorana nncrr e
nnponnen (rnyxapue).
Cnope ]opmara n ocnonara cn nncrara nnar: cpnennnn, pexo-nnnn (nx. npn ]opma na
nerypara); crpenonnnn, xoraro onnnre xpanma na nerypara, napeuenn ymn, ca saocrpenn n
nacouenn naony (xncenen); xonnennnn, xoraro ymnre ca pasnepenn ncrpann (nonernna);
xnnnonnnn, xoraro nncrara nocrenenno ce crecnxnar xm pxxara (uynen); rnn,
saxprnenn n p.
Hncrara ca npncenann, xoraro nnncna pxxa n nerypara ce npnxpenna nenocpecrneno sa
crnoro. Axo npncenanara ocnona na nerypara nma ymn, xonro ce pasnonarar or nere
crpann na crnoro, ce xasna, ue nncrr oxnama crnoro. Hncrara ce napnuar nnsernamn,
xoraro ocnonara na nerypara nm nponxana naony no crnoro nn nn na nsnxnann pepa,
napeuenn xpnna (rnnrep, nonen), a crnara ce napnuar cornerno xpnnarn.
Cnope pasnonoxennero na xnnxnre (nepnarypara) pasnnuaname cnennre nncra: c ena
xnnxa no cpeara es crpannunn pasxnonennx (cmpu, nasapxnnx, entonue); c ycnopeno
xnnxynane nmar no nxxonxo xnnxn, ycnopenn nomexy cn n c pa na nncrara (xnrnn
pacrennx); c ronnno xnnxynane xnnxnre ca ronnno nsnnrn n ce cnpar xm npxa
na nncra (uemepnxa). Hocnennre na rnna xnnxynane ca xapaxrepnn sa enocemeen-nnre
pacrennx n ne ce cpemar npn pnerara n xpacrnre. Hpn mpexecroro (nepecro) xnnxynane n
cpeara na nncrara nma ope pasnnra xnnxa (rnanna nnn cpena), or xoxro nsnnsar
crpannunn (nropnunn), unnro
(18)
unr. 13. Xnnxynane:
a- ycnopeno; ronnno; n nanennno; r nepecro;
pasxnonennx ce cnpsnar n mpexa (yx, ). nanennno e xnnxynanero, xoraro or ocnonara
na nerypara nsnnsar nxxonxo cnnno nspasenn xnnxn n crnrar o nncrnnre xnone (xnop, nosa).
Tesn na rnna xnnxynane ca xapaxrepnn sa nycemeennnre pacrennx.
Mxcroro, xero ca npnxpenenn nncrara sa crnoro, ce napnua nsen, a pascroxnnero mexy
na nsena mexynsnne. Axo na ncexn nsen ce namnpa camo no enn nncr,
nncropasnonoxennero e cnnpanno nnn nocneonarenno (npa, yx). Hpn cpemynonoxnoro
nncropasnonoxenne na ncexn nsen nma no na nncra enn cpemy pyr (ycrnonnernn). Axo na
nsen nma no noneue or na nncra, nncropasnonoxennero e npemnenecro (entonue, nasap-
xnnx). Hncrara ca npnocnonnn, xoraro nsnnsar or ocnonara na crnoro, n crnenn, xoraro ca
pasnonoxenn no crnoro. Axo npnocnonnnre nncra ca pasnonoxenn n enn xpr n ocnonara
na crnoro n ca cnnno cnnxenn, ce napnuar poserxonn (napnuxa, nrnnxa).
Hmcnn ca neopasnnrnre npncenann nncra, xonro ce cpemar no xopennmara n crnara
(nanpnmep no nneronocnnre crna na noena) n p. Karo npnnnernnnn ce osnauanar na-
nnsxnre o nneronere nncra, axo re ce ornnuanar or crnennre no pasmepn, ]opma, oxpacxa,
pasnonoxenne. Te ca onxnoneno no-penn n npncenann. Koraro npnnnernnnnre ca mnoro
penn n nnnecrn, ce napnuar npnnnernn nmcnn (npn cnoxnonnernnre). Onnnnn nncra ca
na-ropnnre nncra, pasnonoxenn npn ocnonara na nneronocnnre xnonxn. Ho pasmepn, ]opma n
pasnonoxenne re ca npexo or crnenn nncra xm cmnncxn npnnnernnnn. Koraro nxxonxo
npnnnernn nncra ca cpann nn nn na npemnen nnn orpmar ocnonara na cnnernero
(cennnx nnn xomnnuxa), nanpnmep npn cennnxonnernnre, cnoxnonnernnre n p., re opasynar
nnerna onnnxa. Hpnnnernnre nncra na xnrnnre pacrennx, ocrpnnnre n p., xonro ca rnxn n
xopann, ce napnuar nnenn.
(19)
CTTBAO
Cnope xoncncrennnxra cn crnara ce enxr na rpenncrn n pnennc-rn. Cnope rpanocrra
cn rpenncrnre pacrennx ca enoronmnn, nyronmnn n mnororonmnn.
Enoronmnnre pacrennx sanpmnar nnnoro cn pasnnrne (or ceme o ceme) sa no-manxo or
ena xanenapna ronna. Cne yspxnanero na cemero pacrennero ymnpa. Enn or
enoronmnnre sanounar pasnnrnero cn npes ecenra n ro sanpmnar npes cnenamnx
nererannonen ceson (onuapcxa ropnuxa), a pyrn ce pasnnnar camo no npeme na enn
nererannonen ceson. -nyronmnnre pacrennx xnnexr ne noneue or na nererannonnn cesona
npes npnara ronna pasnnnar nererarnnnn oprann n narpynnar pesepnnn xpann, a npes
nropara n]rxr, anar ceme n ymnpar (nonen, mopxon). Mnororonmnnre rpenncrn pacrennx
ce xapaxrepnsnpar c rona, ue nasemnara nm uacr ymnpa ncxxa ronna, no nosemnnre nm
oprann ce sanasnar (rpocxor).
pnenncrnre pacrennx ca mnororonmnn. Txxnoro crno e npnenxno. Pasnnuaname
pnera, xpacrn n nonyxpacrn. pnerara nmar rnanno crno (crnon), pasxnonxnamo ce na
snaunrenna nncounna (cmpu, yx). Xpacrnre nxmar rnanno crno nnn ro e cnao pasnnro,
xaro pasxnonennxra sanounar nourn or semnara nonpxnocr (necxa, xnona). Ha nncounna re
ne nannmanar 5-8 m. Koraro ca no-nncxn or 1 m, ce osnauanar xaro xpacruera (oponnnxn,
meuo rpose). Hpn nonyxpacrnre npnenxnar camo onnnre uacrn na crnoro, xonro ca
mnororonmnn. Bpxnnre nm uacrn ca rpenncrn n ymnpar ncxxa snma (rpmorpn).
Cnope nonoxennero cn crnara nnar: nsnpanenn, xoraro pacrar neprnxanno narope (npn
noneuero pacrennx); npnnonnrnarn, na xonro ocnonnara uacr nexn na semxra, a npxnara nm
uacr ce nsnra narope (mamepxa); nonynernann, xoraro nexar na semxra no nxnara cn nxnna
(naua rpena); nnsxmn, xoraro ca nonynernann, no na nsnnre opasynar xopenn, c xonro ce
saxpennar sa nounara (xroa); ynnnnn, xoraro ce nsnrar upes ynnnane oxono pyrn pacrennx
(nonernna); ry]ecrn, xoraro or ocnonara nsnnsar mnoroponn xcn n rcro pasnonoxenn
crna (xaprn).
Bnonsmenenn nosemnn crna ca: xopennme nanooxna xopen (c nnxn n nmcnn) n
moxe a e rnxo n nro (nnpe) nnn xco n eeno (nepynnxa); rpyxa xco, eeno n
mececro (xapro]); nyxonnna xco, saxprneno, ccraneno or xepemnoopasno napeenn
mececrn nmcnn (nerpon xpcr) nnn or nmcnn, xonro ornn ca nnrno onnrn c nnnecrn nmcnn
(nyx).
Hsnxnre ca mnan crna, opasynann onxnoneno or nosemnara uacr na pacrennero. Te ca
nnsxmn, xoraro pacrar xopnsonranno na n no semxra (nasemnn n nosemnn).
KOPEH
Xapaxrepen ener sa xopena e nnncara na nncra n nnxn. Ho rona ro ce ornnuana or
nosemnnre crna xopennma, rpyxn n nyxonnnn. Ho xopena nxma nsnn n mexynsnnx,
xonro ca xapaxrepnn sa ncnuxn nasemnn crna. Cnope ]opmara my pasnnuaname:
nnmxonnen xopen rnx, cnao pasxnonen (ouanxa); rpyxonnen naeenen xaro
rpyxa (xnrypue); nperenonnen naeenen, xaro cnnsa neprnxanno naony n nocrenenno
ns-
(20)
rnxna (mopxon); penonnen naeenen n nsyr xaro pxna (anapan); paar
npecrannxna cnonue or nourn enaxno pasnnrn nnmxonnnn xopenuera (nmennna).
BTOPHHHH OBPA3YBAHHR B PACTEHHRTA
Hpn onpeenxnero na pacrennxra snauenne nmar nxxon or nropnunnre mm opasynannx, xaro
onnre, mnnonere, rpnnre, mycrauxnre n pasnnunnre nnone nnacnnxn.
Fonnre ca neopasnnrn npxnn xnonxn, nanpnmep npn rpnxara, rnora, xpymara.
Bnnonere ca ennepmannn opasynannx, nopan xoero npn narncxane c pxa necno ce
orxprnar (mnnxn).
Tpnnre, xonro npn penna pacrennx (nanamna, marapemxn onn) ce cpemar no xpax na
nncrara, ca xpanma na nncrnnre xnnxn.,
Ha npaxrnxa onnre, mnnonere n rpnnre uecro ce cmecnar n ce ynorpexnar xaro cnnonnmn.
Mycrauxnre (pasxnonenn nnn nepasxnonenn) ca nnmxonnnn opasy-nannx, upes xonro
pacrennxra ce ynnnar oxono pyrn pacrennx n ce nsnrar. Hponsxor nm e pasnnuen
nnonsmenenn xnonxn (nosa), nnonsmenenn nncra (rnxna), nnonsmenenn npnnncrnnnn
(cxpnnxa).
Bnacnnxnre ca ennepmannn opasynannx n ca na-pasnoopasnn no ]opma npocrn nnn
pasxnonenn, nepecrn nnn snesonnnn n p.
Cnope nna na nnacnnxnre pacrnrennnre oprann, na xonro ce namnpar, ce oosnauanar xaro:
pecnnuecrn, xoraro nnacnnxnre ca npann n xcn; nnaxnecrn (xocmarn), xoraro nnacnnxnre ca
rcrn n nrn; nyxecrn, xoraro ca noxpnrn c xcn n rnxn, ena saenxsnamn ce c npocro oxo
nnacnnxn; nnnec-rn, xoraro nnacnnxnre ca nrn, paspxann, nanooxnamn nnna; nannc-
renn, xoraro nnnara opasyna na nonpxnocrra rcr, nnren nnacr; xnesnc-ro nnaxnecrn,
xoraro nnacnnxnre sanpmnar c xnesncra rnannuxa; xonpnnecro nnaxnecrn, xoraro nnacnnxnre
ca rnxn, nrn, npnnernann n ncxann, nanooxnamn xonpnna; uernnecrn, xoraro
nnacnnxnre ca rnpn n npann; snesonnnn, xoraro nxxonxo pasxnonennx ca pasnonoxenn na
npxa na xca nnacnnxa; pamnecrn, xoraro nnacnnxnre ca mnoro xcn, enn, noonn na
pamno n necno ce nsrpnnar c pxa.
(21)
PABOTA C TABAHHHTE HPH OHPEEARHE HA BHAKHTE
a ce onpeenn eno pacrenne snaun a ce ycranonn nayunoro my nanmenonanne. 3a rasn nen
ce nsnonsynar r. nap. nxoromnunn rannnn, npn xonro ce cnocranxr npornnononoxnn
enesn na cornernn pacrennx, osnauenn c enaxnn nocneonarennn nn]pn, nropara or xonro e
cc snesnuxa. Hapnuar ce resa n anrnresa. Paoremnxr c rannnnre rpxna a npenenn no
enesnre xe ce ornacx pacrennero, xoero onpeenx xm resara nnn anrnresara Cne ncxxa
resa n anrnresa ca aenn nn]pn, noxasnamn no-nararmnnx xo nnn nanmenonannero na
cornernoro pacrenne.
3a ycnemnoro onpeenxne na pacrennero e neoxonmo npenapnrenno a ce sanosnaem c
orannuecxara repmnnonornx, aena n npexonnx pasen,a cne rona nnnmarenno n rouno a
nanmaname. Hpn cnasnane na resn ycnonnx cne nexonxoxparnn ynpaxnennx c rannnnre n
rexnnxara na onpeenxne nce-xn moxe necno a namepn nmero na pasrnexanoro or nero
pacrenne. Onpee-nxnero ce ynecnxna n or npnnoxennre nnmcrpannn. Heoxonma e n nyna
Onpeenxnero na ena nenosnara nnxa rpxna a sanoune or rannnara sa onpeenxne na
orennnre nncmn pacrennx (crp. 23). Axo pacrennero e nan-paronnno nnn ronocemenno,
nsnonsyname pasena ,Fnnxn es nnerone" (crp. 24), xoro oxnama resn na orena. Tyx ca
nocouenn rannnnre sa onpeenxne na nanparonnnnre n ronocemennnre pacrennx, upes xonro
ycra-nonxname nanmenonannero na cornernoro pacrenne, cne xoero ca aenn onncannxra na
resn nnone.
Axo pasrnexanoro pacrenne e or oren Hoxpnrocemennn pacrennx, nsnonsyname rannnara sa
onpeenxne na ronemnre xnone na noxpnrocemen-nnre pacrennx (crp. 31) n ycranonxname
ann e enocemeenno, nycemeen-no, cpacnoneneuno nnn necpacnoneneuno. Tona me nn
ynecnn npn no-nara-rmnara paora.
B sanncnmocr or arpara na nnera (nenuero) xnra, xna, uepnena n p., ce nsnonsyna
cornernnxr pasen, xaro nancxxe na-nanpe ce ana rannnara sa onpeenxne na
nycemeennnre necpacnoneneunn pacrennx, nocne na nycemeennnre cpacnoneneunn n
naxpax na enocemeennnre. Ha-npnmep ncxame a onpeennm pxn, xoro e c xnrn nnerone.
B cornernara rannna (crp. 32) npounrame resa 1 n anrnresa 1* xoxro nocouna, ue pacre-
nnero e c xopenn n nounara n nn nacouna xm resa 2. pxnr e pno n sarona nsnonsyname
resa 2, na xpax na xoxro e nocranena nn]para 3. Tx nn nacouna xm resa 3 n anrnresa 3*, xonro
npounrame. pxnr nma npocrn nncra, cne-onarenno ce cnnpame na resa 3, xoxro nn
npenpama xm resa 4 n anrnresa 4* pxnr nma nnerone c uamxa n nenue, sarona nsnonsyname
anrnresa 4*. Tx nn npenpama xm resa 5 n anrnresa 5". pxnr nma cpemynonoxnn nncra,
saro-na npounrame resa 5, cne xoxro e aeno n nanmenonannero my.
B nxxon cnyuan n rannnara ce crnra o aeno cemecrno nnn po n rorana onpeenxnero na
pacrennero nponxana npn cornernnx po nnn ce-mecrno. Cne ncxxo onpeenenne rpxna
mnoro nnnmarenno a ce nponepn ann pacrennero orronapx rouno na onncannero. Tona ce
nanara, samoro pe-nna poone nmar noneue nnone or pasrneannre n nacroxmara xnnra.
(22)
Hancxxe n xnnrara ca aenn n nrapcxnre nanmenonannx na nnonere, poonere n
cemecrnara. Ena uacr or rxx ca naponn, pyrn ca npnern or pasnnunn anropn. Hourn
nancxxe namnxr napo napnua nnonere pacrennx c ena yma, nanpnmep , xnop, no na
mnoro mecra n xnnrara cme nsnpnenn nanmenonannx or ne ymn cmecrnnrenno n
npnnararenno, xoero na-uecro ne e napono, nanpnmep cenepno nsrpannnue. Cne nrap-
cxoro e aeno n narnncxoro nanmenonanne na nna, xoero cmo e or ne ymn. Cne nero e
nocraneno cxparenoro nme na orannxa, xoro npn e orxpnn n onncan rona pacrenne,
nanpnmep L. osnauana nmero na mnecxnx orannx Hnne. Tona ca anropcxn nmena n ne ce
nponsnacxr, xoraro ce xasna nanmenonannero na pacrennero.
TABAHHA 3A OHPEEARHE HA OTEAHTE BHCmH PACTEHHR
1. Tpenncrn pacrennx, pasmnoxanamn ce cc cnopn.............
.............Oren Hanparonnnn pacrennx Pteridophvta.
1*. pnera, xpacrn n rpenncrn pacrennx, pasmnoxanamn ce cc cemena .
.............................................2.
2. pnera n xpacrn c neunosenenn (namn npecrannrenn) nrnonnnn nnn nmcnecrn nncra.
Hneronere es oxononnernnx nnn xunnx, xaro cemennxnre ca pasnonoxenn na orxpnro
npxy nmcnn, ennnunn nnn opasynamn mnmapxn, xonro npn cemenara npnenxnar nnn
cranar mececrn, xnecrn, cnnxann nnn uepnenn ...............................
............... Oren Ionocemennn pacrennx Pinophvta.
2*. pnera, xpacrn n rpenncrn pacrennx. Hneronere c npocr nnn noen oxononnernnx (pxxo
es nero), c ope pasnnrn rnunnxn n xunnx, n xoro
ca pasnonoxenn cemennxnre.............................
......... Oren Hoxpnrocemennn pacrennx MagnoUophvta.
(23)
BHAKH BE3 HBETOBE
(Hanpa1onnnn n Ionoceuennn pac1ennn)
TABAHHA 3A OHPEEARHE HA BHAKHTE OT OTEA HAHPATOBHHH
PACTEHHR - P1ERIDOPHY1A
1. Crnoro nauneneno, ccraneno or nnrnn nsnn n xyxn mexynsnnx.Hncrara
neopasnnrn, c ]opma na snn n cpacnann n npemnenonnnn nnarannma.Cnoponocnnre
xnacuera na npxa na crnoro n pasxnonennxra my...........................................2
1*. Crnoro nenauneneno na nsnn n mexynsnnx n c ope pasnnrn nncra. Cnopanrnnre
pasnonoxenn no onnara nonpxnocr na nncrara, n nasnnre na nncrara nnn nn npxnn
xnacuera (rorana crnara ca nnnyxno pasxnonenn) .......................................3
2. Cnoponocnoro, nponernoro crno xa]xno, esxnopo]nnno, npocro, na npxa cc
cnoponocno xnacue. Hxrnoro crno seneno, pasxnoneno, esnnono ............... Honcxn xnom
Equisetum arvense L.
2*. Cnoponocnoro crno seneno, noono na nxrnoro, esnnono .... ..................... Fnaren
xnom EquisetumpalustreL.
3. Pacrennx es nasemno crno. Hncrara nsnnsar or xopennmero. Cnopanrnnre pasnonoxenn
no onnara nonpxnocr na nncrara..........4
3*. Pacrennx c ope pasnnrn, rnxn, nnnyxno pasxnonenn crna c mnoroponn penn
nncruera. Cnopanrnnre pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na nncrara no cpeara na crnoro nnn nn
npxnn xnacuera...............11
4. Hncrara nenn, nepecro napxsann nnn nnnyxno pasnoenn. Hncrnnre xnone n ocnonara
cennenn nomexy cn....................5
4*. Hncrara enn nnn noneue nrn nepecrn.................7
5. Hncrara nenn, ronn, noonn na esnx....................
................ Boncxn esnx Phvllitis scolopendrium (L.) New.
5*. Hncrara nepecro napxsann nnn nenpannnno nnnyxno pasxnonenn . . 6
6. Hncrara orony rcro noxpnrn c pxnnn nnacnnxn...........
................ 3narncrananpar Ceterach officinarum DC.
6*. Hncrara nannno ronn............................
....... Cenepnonsrpannnue Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.
7. Hncrara npocro nepecrn ..........................8
7*. Hncrara na nnn noneue nrn nepecrn..................9
8. Hncrnnre xnone penn, saxprnenn. Cnopanrnnre (copnre) nnneno ynxenn . . .
Onxnoneno nsrpannnue Asplenium trichomanesL.
8*. Hncrnnre xnone cpnonnno nsnnrn, no-epn. Cnopnre xprnn .... Hanannue
Polvstichum lonchitis (L.) Roth.
9. Copnre pasnonoxenn no nonrnx nncren p..............
.............. Opnona nanpar Pteridiurnaquilinum(L.)Kuhn.
9*. Copnre pasnonoxenn no crpannunnre xnnxn na nncrara......10
10. Copnre pexonnnn............................
............... Mxxa nanpar Aspidiumfilix-mas(L.)Schott.
10*. Copnre nrnecrn nnn nnnenn......................
.............. Xencxa nanpar Aihvriumfllix-femina (L.) Roth.
11. Cnopanrnnre pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na onxnonennre nncra no cpeara na crnoro.
Pacrenne es xnacuera......................
................. Hrnonncren nnayn Lvcopodium selago L.
(24)
11*. Cnoponocnnre nncra cpann n xnacuera no npxonere na xnonxnre . ................
Fyxanuecr nnayn Lvcopodium clavatum L.
CEM. HAAYHOBH LYCOPODIACEAE
Hrnonnc1en nnayn Lvcopodium selago L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo, nnnyxno pasxnoneno crno, c nsnpanenn
pasxnonennx, nncoxn o 30 cm, rcro onncrenn. Hncraxa nnnenn o nannernn, pasnonoxenn
cnnpanno, saocrpenn, onxnoneno ne-noxpann, pxxo cnao nasenn, xopann, nrn 4-8 mm,
npnnoxpnnamn ce. Cnopanrnnre pexonnnn, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na cpennre crnenn
.ncra (rano 1, ]nr. 1).
Ho cxannn n xamennnnn mecra n mexy cxannn noxone nn nncoxonnannncxnx noxc na
Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Hnpnn, Pnna n Cnanxnxa, mexy 1500 n 2800 m n,
n. Cnoponocn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Byxanuec1 nnayn Lvcopodium clavatum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo no semxra crno, nro o 1 m, rnxo, nnnyxno
pasxnoneno. Or nero nsnnsar neprnxanno nsnpanenn, cmo nxoromnuno pasxnonenn xnonxn.
Hncrara manxn, nra 3-5 mm, nnnenn, mnnonnnn, sanpmnamn c xna nnacnnxa, nra 2-3
mm, rcro cnnpanno pasnonoxenn npxy crnoro n xnonxnre. Cnopo-nocnnre xnacuera ca no
1-3, nnneno-nnnnnpnunn, nrn 3-6 mm, npxnn, c rnxa n nra pxxa (1,5-15 cm), no
xoxro ce namnpar peynnpa-nn n napxxo pasnonoxenn xnrennxann nasenn n pasnepenn
nncruerara. Hncruerara na xnacuero ca mnpoxo xnennnn, nasenn, saocrpenn 1 n ocnonara
nm ce namnpa no enn pexonnen cnopanrn (rano 1, ]nr.2).
Pacre no xamennnnn n cxannn mecra, mexy xnononn xpacranann n n cmpuonn ropn n Cpena
n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Pnna, 3anann Poonn n Hnpnn, mexy 1600 n 2200 m n. n.
Cnoponocn mnn cenremnpn.
B mennnnara ce ynorpexnar cnopnre (pora Lycopodium) n nasemnara uacr (pora Herba
Lycopodii).
CEM. XBOmOBH - EQUISETACEAE
Honcxn xnom Equisetum arvense L.
Mnororonmno pacrenne c uepno-xa]xno xopennme, noxpnro c nnacnn-xn. Or nero nanponer
ce pasnnnar xyxn nepasxnonenn npemnenecrn xa]xnn crna, nncoxn o 30 cm, na npxa cc
cnoponocno xnacue, nro 1-4 cm. Cne pascenanero na cnopnre rona crno ymnpa n ce
pasnnnar nernn, senenn, esnnonn, xyxn, npcrenonnno pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn 10-80
cm, c no 4 pepa, nn nsnnre c nnarannme, nro o 2 cm, c mnnonnno saocrpenn snn (6-12
na po) (rano 1, ]nr. 3).
(25)
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanen e n nxnara crpana no nnaxnn mecra, opnsnma, nnnn n nnnan, no
nacnnn xpa pexnre, no-pxxo n ropn oxm 1600 m n. n. Cnoponocn ]enpyapn ma.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsynar senennre nernn crna, xonro ce cnpar or mnn o oxromnpn
(pora Herba Equisetii minoris). Hma mnoro ronxma ynorpea n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar 7 nna xnom, or xonro camo na opasynar senenn esnnonn crna
noncxnxr xnom n ronemnxr xnom (E. telmateia Ehrh.). Hpn ronemnx xnom oaue nncrnnre
nnarannma no nernnre crna ca c no 20-30 sena n xnonxnre ca c no 8 pepa, a crnoro e
nncoxo or 50 o 200 cm.
Bna1en xnom Equisetum palustre L.
Mnororonmno pacrenne, opasynamo camo enn nn crna, seneno, nncoxo o 60 cm,
onxnoneno c 6-10 xcno nsnxnann pepa, cnnno pasxnoneno, xaro xnonxnre ca c no 5 pepa.
Cnoponocnoro xnacue ce namnpa na npxa na crnoro, uepno, rno, nro 1-3 cm. Hncrnnre
nnarannma ]ynnennnn, nrn o 12 mm, n ropnara cn uacr manxo pasmnpenn, c 6-10 sena n
c xn nnnecr p (rano 1, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce uecro no nnaxnn n mouypnnnn nnnan, xpa pexn n nara n nxnara crpana oxm
1500 m n. n. Cnoponocn ma cenremnpn. Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n naponara mennnna.
CEM. OPAOBOHAHPATOBH - HYPOLEP1DIACEAE
Opnona nanpa1 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.
Mnororonmno pacrenne c epn nncra, nrn 40-400 cm, 2-3 nrn nepecrn, xoxecrn, na nra
pxxa, panna na nerypara nnn no-nra, ronn nnn n ocnonara cn nnaxnecrn. Kopennmero
nro, nnsxmo. Hncrnnre xnone rnn nnn saocrpenn, cpemynonoxnn, nannernn, onnnre na
xca pxxa, ropnnre npncenann, cnpsann n ocnonara cn, nenoxpann. Copnre xa]xnn,
paannuecrn (rano 2, ]nr. 1).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanena e n nxnara crpana or mopcxoro pannnme o nncoxonnannncxnx noxc,
ocoeno no ceunma, noxapnma, nonxnn n ropn. Cnoponocn mnn cenremnpn.
B naponara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopennmero n nncrara, xonro ce cnpar npes nxroro.
CEM. H3TPABHHHEBH - ASPLENIACEAE
Onxnoneno ns1pannnue Asplenium trichomanes L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco nnsxmo ry]ecro xopennme, noxpnro c xa]xnn
nmcnn n nnacnnxn, or xoero nanpano nsnnsar pennre npesnmynamn nncra, nrn 4-20 cm. Te
ca npocro nepecrn, c no 15-40 nncrnn enuera or ncxxa crpana, nrn 0,25-1,2 cm, c xca
pxunna nnn npncenann, pasnonoxenn nocneonarenno nnn cpemynonoxno, xnennnn,
npon-
(26)
ronarn o nonyxprnn, orrope ronn, orony xconnaxnecrn. Hncrnara px-xa n nncrnara oc
xa]xnn o uepnennxanouepnn. Copnre nponronarn, pasnonoxenn or cpenara xnnxa o
nncrnnx p (rano 2, ]nr. 2).
Pasnpocrpaneno e mnpoxo n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1700 m n. n. no nnaxnn, cenuecrn,
xamennnnn repenn n cxannn nyxnarnnn. Cnoponocn mnn oxromnpn.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Trichomanis), xoxro ce cnpa npes
nxroro.
Cenepno ns1pannnue Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.
peno mnororonmno pacrenne c xco, nnnyxno pasxnoneno xopenn-me, noxpnro c xa]xnn
nnnenn nmcnn. Hncrara nrn 515 cm, npesnmynamn, ronn, c pxxa 2-3 nrn no-nra or
nerypara, nxoromnuno pasenena na 2-4 nnnenn xna (1 mm mnpoxn), xonro xm ocnonara cn
ca xnnnonnno crecnenn, xm ropnara cn uacr saocrpenn, nenoxpann nnn xco nnnyxno ns-
pxsann. Copnre nnnenn, npn yspxnanero noxpnnar nxnara onna crpana c nenoxpano
noxpnnano (rano 2, ]nr. 3).
Hs nyxnarnnn na cxann n nxna Fnrapnx o nncoxonnannncxnx noxc. Cnoponocn mnn
oxromnpn. Hasemnara uacr ce nsnonsyna n naponara mennnna.
3na1nc1a nanpa1 Ceterach officinarum DC.
Mnororonmno pacrenne c xco xopennme, or xoero nsnnsa cnonue npe-snmynamn xoxecrn
nncra, nrn 5-25 cm, noxo nepecro napxsann na 9-20 nocneonarenno pasnonoxenn,
nponronarn o nonyxprnn, nenoxpann nnn cnao nnnncrn xnone, orrope ronn, senenn,
orony noxpnrn rcro c pxnnn nnaxna, no xonro ca cxpnrn copnre. Hncrnara pxxa no-
xca or nerypara, onxnoneno xm ocnonara uepno-xa]xna (rano 2, ]nr. 4).
Pasnpocrpanena e n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1500 m n. n. rnanno n nyxnarnnn na naponnrn cxann,
xaro npeonaana n no-mxnnre uacrn na crpanara. Cnoponocn ma oxromnpn.
B naponara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr, xoxro ce cnpa npes nxroro.
Boncxn esnx Phvllitis scolopendriurn (L.) New.
Mnororonmna nanpar c xco xopennme, or xoero nsnnsar cpannnrenno epn, 10-60 cm nrn
xoxecrn nncra, ronn, npesnmynamn, c mnpoxo nnnena o nnneno-nannerna nerypa, mnpoxa
5-7 cm, nenoxpana nnn cnao nnno-nnna, cc cpnennna ocnona. pxxara xca. Copnre
nnnenn, nrn, napeenn or nere crpann na cpenara xnnxa, xoco cnpxmo nex n ycnopenn
nomexy cn, nrn 8-18 mm (rano 3, ]nr. 1).
Ho nnaxnn cenuecrn cxanncrn mecra rnanno n mnpoxonncrnn ropn, na-uecro n onnx noxc
oxm 1400 m n. n. Cnoponocn mnn anrycr.
Ho-pano pacrennero ce e npnnarano n o]nnnannara mennnna, a cera camo n naponara.
Hsnonsyna ce nxnara nasemna uacr, xoxro ce cnpa npes nxroro.
(27)
CEM. EHCKOHAHPATOBH ATHYRIACEAE
encxa nanpa1 Athvrium filix-femina (L.) Roth.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco, eeno, xoco pasnonoxeno xopennme, noxpnro c
xa]xnn nmcnn. Hncrara cpannnrenno nexnn, epn, nrn o 150 cm, cnernosenenn, nono o
rpono nepecrn, n omoro cn ouepranne nponronarn, xm ocnonara n npxa nocrenenno
crecnenn. Hncrnnre xnone nrn 3-25 cm, nnneno-nannernn, a enuerara nponronarn,
po nann-nenn, nrn 3-20 mm. Copnre xnennnn o pexonnnn, c neonanamo
noxpnnano (rano 3, ]nr. 2).
Cpemace cpannnrenno uecro no nnaxnn, cenuecrn n ropncrn mecra, Inanno n no -nncoxnre
nnannnn, xero ocrnra oxm 2 000 m n.n. Cnoponocn mnn cenremnpn. Kopennmero ce
nsnonsyna n naponara mennnna.
CEM. MTKOHAHPATOBH - ASP1DIACEAE
Msaxa nanpa1 Aspidium filix,-mas (L.) Schott.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno, xco xa]xno xopennme, rcro noxpnro c ocranxn
or nncrnn pxxn, or npxa na xoero nsnnsa cnonue epn nncra, nrn o 150 cm n mnpoxn o
25 cm. Hncrnara pxxa e 2-4 nrn no-xca or nerypara, eena o 5 mm, noxpnra, xaxro n
ocra na nerypara, c mnoroponn xa]xnn nmcnn. Herypara e nponronaro nannerna o
ennnrnuno-nannerna, xm npxa nocrenenno crecnena, n no-ronxmara cn uacr nannno
nepecra, c nepecro pasenenn xnone, xonro or cnox crpana ca nepecro pasceuenn, xaro
enuerara nm ca cnpsann n ocnonara cn n ca rno nasenn. Ha npxa cn nncrr e nepecro
pasceuen. Copnre pexonnnn, pasnonoxenn or nere crpann na cpenara xnnxa.
Hoxpnnanara ca ronn, pexonnnn, neonannnn (rano 3, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce uecro no cenuecrn nnaxnn mecra ns ropn n xpacranann n nxnara crpana, xaro n
nnannnnre crnra oxm 1800 m n. n. Cnoponocn mnn cenremnpn.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsyna xopennmero (pora Rhizoma Filicis-maris), xoero ce nsnaxa npes
mapr nnn npes cenremnpn oxromnpn. Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
Hanannue Polvstichum lonchitis (L.) Roth.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco eeno xopennme, or xoero nsnnsa cnonue xoxecrn
npesnmynamn nncra, nrn 10-60 cm, npocro nepecrn, c nra pxxa (6-7 cm), noxpnra, xaxro
n onnara uacr na nncrnara oc, c pxnnn nmcnn. B omoro cn ouepranne nncrnara nerypa e
nannerna, xm nara cn xpax crecnena. Hncrnnre xnone 15-50 na po, onnnre xco
rpnrnnn, ocranannre mnpoxo nannernn, cpnonnno nsnnrn nanpe, n ocnonara cn or
ropnara crpana c no-manxo nnn no-ronxmo ocrpo ymenne, mnnonnno nannneno, c no 2-3
nnnyxnn xnnxn. Copnre pasnonoxenn n na pea or nere crpann na cpenara xnnxa, no camo
n ropnnre nncrnn xnone. Hoxpnnanoro nnnecro, naseno, mnronnno (rano 3, ]nr. 4).
(28)
Ho cenuecrn cxanncrn mecra n ropn nn ncnuxn namn nnannnn mexy 900 n 2400 m n. n.,
npenmno na cnnnxaren repen. Cnoponocn mnn cenremnpn. Ornapara or nncra ce
ynorpexna n naponara mennnna.
TABAHHA 3A OHPEEARHE HA BHAKHTE OT OTEA IOAOCEMEHHH
PACTEHHR - PIAOPHY1A
1. Xpacruera c naunenenn crna n xnonxn, xonro ca cpemynonoxnn nnn cpann no 3-4 n
npemnen. Hncrara no 2-4, neopasnnrn n cpacnann n ocno-nara cn n nn nn na nnarannmnn
nmcnnnn. 3pennre cemena c mececra uepne-na onnnxa................... E]epa Ephedra
distachva L.
1*. pnera n xpacrn c nenaunenenn xnonn n c ope pasnnrn nrnonnnn nncra. Hnoonere
pnenncrn (mnmapxn) nnn mececrn, cnnn nnn uepnenn . . .................................................2
2. pno. Hncrara nrnonnnn, pasnonoxenn no xnonxnre n cnonuera no 2. nrn 3-4 cm.
Hnor mnmapxa...... Fxn op Pinus svlvestris L.
2*. Xpacrn. Hncrara nrnonnnn, xcn, nrn 1,0-2,0 cm, pasnonoxenn n npemnenn no 3.
Hnor mececr...........................3
3. Hnor uepnen .... uepnena xnona Juniperus oxvcedrus L.
3*. Hnor cnn..................................4
4. Xpacr c neprnxanno nnn nourn neprnxanno nsnramn ce rnannn xnonn
n crna. Hrnnre saocrpenn, onnnn, npann, nrn o 2,0 cm .........
............... Onxnonena xnona Juniperus communis L.
4*. Honernann nnn pasnpocrpenn xpacrn c orennn nsnramn ce xnonn.
Hrnnre mexn, ronnno nsnnrn, nrn o 1,5 cm..................
................ Cnnpcxa xnona Juniperus sibirica Burgs.
CEM. BOPOBH PINACEAE
Bnn op Pinus svlvestris L.
pno c uepnennxanoxa]xna xopa, nncoxo o 40 m. Hncrara nrnonnnn, onaar cne 2-3
ronnn, onxnoneno ronnno nsnnrn, no 2 n cnonuera. Bnmapxnre na-uecro n rpynn no 1-
3,cc cnao nsnnra naony pxxa, ro nn, nrnecro xnennnn, nrn 3-6 cm, mnpoxn 2,0-3,5
cm. Bnmapxonnre nmcnn pomnunn, nsnxnann, es uepno npcrenue oxono nnuero (rano 4,
]nr. 1).
Opasyna ronemn uncrn nacaxennx nnn n npnmec c pyrn nrnonncrnn nourn nn ncnuxn
namn nnannnn o 2200 m n. n.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar oponnre nnxn (Turiones Pini), namnpamn ce no
npxonere na xnonxnre, xonro ce cnpar pano nanponer npen pasnyxnanero nm. Hsnonsyna
ce n naponara mennnna.
(29)
CEM. KHHAPHCOBH CUPRESSACEAE
Onxnonena xnonna Juniperus communis L.
Xpacr, mnoro pxxo nncxo pnue, c uepnennxanoxa]xnn neropacnn n cn-no-xa]xna xopa.
Hncrara nrnonnnn, n npepes rpnrnnn, c xneonnna ropna crpana n enesnnxana cpena
nnnnx, nrn o 2,0 cm, mnpoxn o 1,0-1,5 mm, pasnonoxenn no 3 n nocneonarennn
npemnenn, na npxa saocrpenn. Mececrnre ,nnouera" nourn npncenann, cnnxanouepnn, n
namerp 6-9 mm (rano 4, ]nr. 4).
Ennnuno nnn rpynono no cyxnre n xamennnnn cxnonone, cxann, xpacranann n xaro nonec n
mnpoxonncrnn n nrnonncrnn nacaxennx oxm 1500-1700 m n.n. He ce cpema n pannnnnre.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar mececrnre ,nnouera" (Fructus Juniperi), xonro ce
epar npes ecenra (cenremnpn noemnpn). Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
Cnnpcxa xnonna Juniperus sibirica Burgs.
Xpacrue, nncoxo o 1 m. Hrnnre rcro pasnonoxenn, xcn, onxnoneno nsrnn, cpannnrenno
mexn, neonnnn. Hnouerara n namerp 7-8 mm, uepno-cnnn (rano 4, ]nr. 3).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanena e no nncoxnre nnannnn Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Pnna, Hnpnn na
1700 m n. n., xero uecro noxpnna ronemn nnomn. Vnorpexna ce n mennnnara xaxro
onxnonenara xnona.
Hepnena xnonna Juniperus oxvcedrus L.
Xpacr, pxxo manxo pnue, nncoxo o 14 m, c pasnepena xopona. Hrnnre nrn o 2,5 cm,
mnpoxn o 2 mm, cnnno onnnn, orrope xneonnnn, c ne enesnnxann recnn nnnnn or
nere crpann na cpenara xnnxa, orony ncxano senenn, c nsnxnan cpeen p.
,Hnouerara" nourn npncenann, xnecrn nnn cnao cnnecxann, n namerp 6-10 mm,
uepneno-xa]xnn, ncxann, onxnoneno es nanen (rano 4, ]nr. 2).
ocra pasnpocrpanen nn n mxnnre, no-ronnn uacrn na crpanara. Cpema ce noennnuno nnn
opasyna xpacranann rnanno no cyxnre n npnneunn npennannncxn cxnonone na Hsrounn n
Cpenn Poonn, no mxnnre cxnonone na Crapa nnannna, n Crpymcxara onnna, no
uepnomopcxoro xpapexne n p. oxm 1000 m n. n. ,Hnouerara" na uepnenara xnona ce
nsnonsynar n naponara mennnna.
CEM. EmEPOBH EPHEDRACEAE
Eqepa Ephedra distachva L.
Cnnno pasxnoneno, npemnenecro nauneneno xpacrue, nncoxo o 50 cm, cc senenn
]orocnnresnpamn, nsnpanenn nnn nonernann xnonxn. Hncrara neopasnnrn, penn,
esnnernn nmcnnnn, nrn o 2 mm. Pasmnoxnrennnre oprann enonononn. Mxxnre ce
ccroxr or rnunnxn, onnrn c ne nnnecrn,
(30)
cpacnann n ocnonara cn nncruera, a xencxnre ca no 1-3 no npxonere na xnonxnre, c no 2-4
noxn noxpnnnn nncruera, xonro npn yspxnanero cranar mececrn, counn, uepnennxann (rano
4, ]nr. 5).
Cpema ce cpannnrenno pxxo ns cxanncrn n necunnnn mecra no uepnomopcxoro xpapexne,
xpa ennx n Aroc, n Crpanxa, 3anana Crapa nnannna (Fenorpaunmxo,
Mnxanonrpacxo), Co]ncxo (c. onnn Haca-pen), Poonnre (Acenonrpacxo).
B mennnnara ce nsnonsynar crpxonere (pora Herba Ephedrae), xonro ce epar no npeme na
n]rexa.
TABAHHA 3A OHPEEARHE HA IOAEMHTE RAOBE
HA OTEA HOKPHTOCEMEHHH (HBETHH) PACTEHHR -
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
1.Oxononnernnxr npocr, uamxonnen nnn nenuennen, ccranen or 6 enaxno oarpenn
nncruera, nnn oxononnernnxr nnncna, nnn nn nn na nmcnnnn....... Enocemeennn
pacrennx Monocotvledonae
1*. Oxononnernnxr noen, ccranen or uamxa n nenue, nnn npocr c pyr po nncruera........
nycemeennn pacrennx Dicotvledonae
2. uamxara n nenuero, pecn. npocrnxr oxononnernnx, ccranenn or cno-onn, necpacnann
nomexy cn nncruera, mnoro pxxo cpacnann o nsnecrna crenen....... Hecpacnoneneunn
pacrennx Archichlamvdeae.
2*. uamxara n nenuero, pecn. npocrnxr oxononnernnx, ccranenn or cpac-
nann nomexy cn nncruera..............................
.............. Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx Metachlamvdeae
(31)
BHAKH C TATH HBETOBE
BYCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
HECPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Hapasnrno xpacrue, npnxpeneno npxy xnonxnre na pyrn pnera . . ....
...................... Fxn nmen - Jiscum allbum L.
1*. Pacrennx c xopenn n nounara........................2
2. pnera nnn xpacrn.............................3
2*. Tpenncrn pacrennx, pxxo nonyxpacrn..................8
3. Hncrara npocrn nenoxpann, nasenn nnn nspxsann no na-pasnnuen
naunn......................................4
3*. Hncrara cnoxnn, ccranenn or no nxxonxo nnn mnoro nncruera c ena oma pxxa.
Tnunnxnre 10, cpacnann c pxxnre cn n rpnna,
nnn 9, cpacnann n ena cnoona..........................
............................ Cem. Foonn Fabaceae
4. Oxononnernnxr neopasnnr n e samecren or 2 xnesn..........
........................... Cem. Bponn Salicaceae
4*. Oxononnernnxr noen, ccranen or uamxa n nenue..........5
5. Hncrara pasnonoxenn no ne cpemynonoxno...............
............................... pxn Cornus mas L.
5*. Hncrara pasnonoxenn nocneonarenno.................6
6. Tnunnxnre mnoro na po noneue or 10.................
.......... .................. Cem.Hnnonn Tiliaceae
6*. Tnunnxnre no-manxo or 10.........................7
7. Fonnn xpacr c rpnpasennn mnnone, pasnonoxenn no nxnnara na xnonxnre. Hncrara
nasenn, onannn o ennnrnunn, nrn 2,5-5,5 cm. Hnor couna uepnena xroa.........
Kncenrpn Berberis vulgaris L.
7*. Heonnn xpacr c mnpoxo ennnrnunn nenoxpann nncra, nrn 3-
10 cm, naecen nouepnenxnamn. Hnor xocrnnxon, cyx..............
..................... Cmpannxa Cotinus coggvgris Scop.
8. Oxononnernnxr npocr, ccranen or enn pe nncruera, nnn nnncna . 9
8*. Oxononnernnxr ccranen or na nnn noneue xpra nncruera, or xonro nrpemnnxr nnn
nrpemnnre xprone, oarpenn xnro, ccrannxnar nenuero ..........................................13
9. Pacrenne es oxononnernnx. Hncrara recnonnnenn. Pacrenne c xn mneuen cox.......
Onxnonenamneuxa Euphorbia cvparissias L.
9*. Pacrennx c npocr oxononnernnx. Hncrara c pyra ]opma. Pacrennx es mneuen cox nnn cc
cox, no ne xno oarpen................10
10. unnxr ropen nnn xunnnnre mnoro na po.............
...................... Cem.Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae.
10*. unnxr onen.............................11
11.Tnunnxnre4-5........ Cem. Cennnxonnernn Apiaceae
11*. Tnunnxnre 8-12..............................12
12. Hneronere ennnunn. Oxononnernnxr rpecr, n onnara, uacr mexypecro noyr, a na
npxa nponxen- nn nn na esnue. Hncrara nenoxpann.
Tnunnxnre 12.......... Bnua xnxa Aristolochia clematitis L
12*. Hneronere cpann n nnocxo mnronnno cnnerne. Oxononnernnxr
(32)
nnocx, uernpnenen. Hncrara nasenn. Tnunnxnre 8..............
................... Anrnue Chrvsosplenium altemifolium L.
13. Hneronere nenpannnnn..........................14
13*. Hneronere npannnnn...........................15
14. Tnunnxn 10, cpacnann c pxxnre cn nn nn na rpnna, nnn 9, cpacnann, a ecerara
cnoona ........... Cem.Foonn Fabaceae.
14*. Tnunnxonnre pxxn o ocnonara cnoonn...............
......................... Cem. Peseonn Resedaceae.
15. Benuenncruera cpacnann noono na snnue, c 5 xna na npxa cn . . .........................
Cem.Tnxnonn Cucurbitaceae.
15*. Benuenncruerara cnoonn, necpacnann...............16
16. Tnunnxnre mnoro na po noneue or 15..............17
16". Tnunnxnre manxo na po o 10, pxxo o 15...........21
17. Tnunnxnre cpacnann n eno nnn rpn cnonuera..............
................ Xnr xanrapnon Hvpericum perforatum (L.)
17*. Tnunnxonnre pxxn cnoonn....................18
18. unnxr camo enn....... Cem. Maxonn Papaveraceae.
18*. unnnnre na nnn mnoro, no nsxnmuenne enn nnonnx, no rorana
uamxara nona.................................. 19
19. Hncrara nnocxn, eenn, mececrn, nenoxpann, cpann n ocnonara ma crnoro ..
Fenonnereneenen Sempervivum leucanthum Panc.
19*. Hncrara ne ca mececrn..........................20
20. Tnunnxnre n nenuenncruerara npnxpenenn npxy nnonoro nerno . . .........................
Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae.
20*. Tnunnxnre n nenuenncruerara npnxpenenn no noxero........
...................... Cem.Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae.
21. Hnor onnn, noxpnr c mnnone. Hncrara cnoxnn, neun]ronepecrn .........................
Tpaysan Tribulus terrestris L.
21*. Hnor ne e onnn. Hncrara c pyra ]opma ............22
22. Hnonnnnre nxxonxo nnn mnoro na po...............23
22*. Hnonnxr camo enn..........................24
23. Hncrara mececrn, npncenann........................
....................... Cem. eenenonn Crassulaceae.
23*. Hncrara ne ca mececrn n nnnarn nmar pxxa..............
......................... Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae.
24. Hncrara npocrn, nenoxpann nnn nasenn .............25
24*. Hncrara cnoxnn, ccranenn or ne, rpn nnn noneue nncruera, nnn
noxo nspxsann, nnn naceuenn na xnone ..................27
25. Crnuerara 3 . . . Vmno nnmcxannue Silene otites (L.) Wib.
25*. Crnuero camo eno..........................26
26. unnxr onen............ Hynanxa Onagra biennis L.
26*. unnxr ropen..... Cem, Kpcronnernn Brassicaceae
27. Crnuerara 2........ Cem. Cennnxonnernn Apiaceae.
27*. Crnuero eno nnn neopasnnro...................28
28. Hnor xyrnxa. Tnunnxnre 8-10.....................
.......................... Cee]ue Ruta graveolens L.
28*. Hnor mymynxa nnn mymynunna....................
..................... Cem. Kpcronnernn Brassicaceae.
(33)
CEM. BTPBOBH SALICACEAE
Bspa Salix L.
1. Hncrara none orony cpepncro nnaxnecrn................
............................,. Fxna np a S. alba L.
1*. Hncrara cnpmeno ronn...... Kpexxa npa S.fragilisL.
Bnna nspa Salix alba L.
pno c rmnocnna, noxo nanyxana xopa, nncoxo o 25-30 m. Mnanre xnonxn na npxa cc
cpepncrn nnacnnxn, no-xcno ronn. Hncrara nannernn, nocneonarennn, nro saocrpenn,
nrn 5-12 cm, mnpoxn 1-3 cm, no pa cnrno nasenn, noxpnrn or nere crpann nnn camo
orony cc cpepncrn nnacnnxn, c manxn npnnncrnnnn (1,5- 2,0 cm), xonro ca rxcno nannernn,
xnesncrn, pano onaamn. Hncrnnre pxxn xcn, na npxa c 1-2 xnesn. Hneronere cpann n
nnnnnpnunn pecn, pasnnnamn ce enonpemenno c nncrara n es oxononnernnx. Pecnre c
mxxn nnerone ca nrn o 7 cm n eenn o 1 cm, c xnrennxann nnn senennxann
nponronarn npn-nnernnnn. Tnunnxnre 2, cnoonn, na nrn no-nrn or npnnnernnnnre.
Xencxnre pecn ca nrn o 5 cm n eenn- o 0,5 cm. Hnor xyrnxa, nra o 5 mm (rano 5,
]nr. 1).
Cpema ce xpa pexn n nara n nxnara crpana oxm 1700 m n. n. H]rn mapr ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nponara xopa (pora Cortex Salicis), xoxro ce
cnpa pano nanponer. Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
Kpexxa nspa Salix fragilis L.
pno, nncoxo o 25 m, c xnrennxann uynnnnn mnan xnonxn, cnpmeno ronn. Hncrara
nrn 6-15 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-4,0 cm, nannernn o xnennno-nannernn, nro saocrpenn,
nannneno nasenn, orrope rmnosenenn, orony cnno-senenn, crapnre ronn. pxxnre nrn
1,0-1,4 cm, na npxa c 1-2 enesnnxann xnesn (paannuxn). Hpnnncrnnnnre nonycpnennnn.
Knonxnre, nocemn pecnre, ca c nenoxpann nncra, a npnnnernnnnre ca oparno xnennnn,
orrope nronnaxnecrn. Mxxnre pecn nrn o 5 cm, a xencxnre o 7 cm. Hnonara xyrnxa
c pxxa, 2-3 nrn no-nra or sanara xnesa (rano 5, ]nr. 2).
Kpa pexn n nara n nxnara crpana saeno c xnara npa. H]rn mapr ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna namnpa npnnoxenne xaro samecrnren na xopara or xna npa, a n
naponara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xaxro xnara npa.
(34)
CEM. HMEAOBH LORANTHACEAE
Bnn nuen Jiscum album L.
Iono nonynapasnrno xpacrue cc crno, nncoxo o 100 cm, nnnyxno pasxnoneno. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, xnro-senenn, mececrn, npesnmynamn, nponronarn o nannernn, nrn 2-8
cm, mnpoxn o 3 cm, nenoxpann, c 3-7 ycnopenn xnnxn es pasxnonennx. Hneronere penn,
enonononn, cpann n cnrn rpynnuxn no 5-7 n nasnnre na nncrara. nyomno pacrenne.
Mxxnre nnerone c 4-enno nenue, es uamxa n c 4 rnunnxn, cpacnann c xnonere na nenuero,
a xencxnre cc cnao saenexnma 4-suecra uamxa n 4 nenuenncruera nn nn na mececrn
nmcnn. unnxr onen. Hnor xna xnecra nenxana enocemenna xroa, xoxro nonenna no
xpaxara na nrnnnre n no rosn naunn ce npenacx no pyrn pnera (rano 5, ]nr. 3).
Hapasnrnpa npxy pasnnunn onomnn n pyrn (mnpoxonncrnn n nrnonncrnn) pnera. uecro ce
cpema n Hsrouna Fnrapnx, no-pxxo n ocranannre uacrn na crpanara. H]rn mapr ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara saeno c xnonxnre (pora Herba Visci) nnn
camo nncrara (Folia Visci), xonro ce epar npes mapr n anpnn. Bnpoxo ce nsnonsyna n n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. KOHHTHHKOBH ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Bsnua nsnxa Aristolochia clematitis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco nnsxmo xopennme n nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo o
1 m, onxnoneno nepasxnoneno, rono. Hncrara nocneonarennn, na nra pxxa, mnpoxo
xnennno-cpnennnn nnn pexonnnn, nrn 3-15 cm, nenoxpann. Hneronere cpann no
nxxonxo (2-8) n nasnnre na nncrara. Oxononnernnxr npocr, nenuennen, nenpannnen, rp-
ecr, n onnara cn uacr cnao pasmnpen, a n ropnara ynxen nn nn na esnue, nr 2-3 cm,
cnernoxnr. Tnunnxnre 6, cpacnann cc crnuero. unnxr onen. Hnor xpymonnna
xyrnxa, nra 2-5 cm. O1ponno!(rano 5, ]nr. 4).
Hs rpenncrn mecra, n oxonnn xynrypn n p. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna rnanno xopenr (pora Radix Aristolochiae), no-pxxo
nasemnara uacr Herba Aristolochiae). Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. KAPAMmHAOBH CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Ymno nnmcxannue Silene otites (L.) Wibel
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nepasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 30-80 cm, n
onnara uacr uernnecro oxocmeno, n ropnara rono c nxxonxo nennnnn xnesncrn npcrena.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, nonaronnnn, nocrenenno crecnenn n pxxa, nrn
o 10 cm, mnpoxn o 1,5 cm, nenoxpann, orrope ronn, orony uernnecro oxocmenn;
crnennre nncra cpemynonoxnn, nnnenn, saocrpenn. Cnnernero rcro, rposonnno
(35)
o nourn xnaconnno, nro o 35 cm. Hneronere nsnpanenn, enonononn, c nra pxxa n
nnnecrn npnnnernnnn, nrn o 1 mm. uamxara nnnnnpnuna, nra 4-6 mm, c 10 ycnopenn
xnnxn, rona, c 5 rnn sena. Benuero xnro, nro 4-6 mm, ccraneno or 5 nonaronnno
nnnenn nenuenncruera. Tnunnxnre 10, pasnonoxenn n na xpra. unnxr ropen, ron.
Crnuerara 3. Hnor xyrnxa, nra 3,5-5 mm, ynxeno xnennna, npncenana, npn
ocnonara cn rpnrnesna, na npxa c 6 suera (rano 6, ]nr. 1).
Pxxo no cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
mnn. Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AKTHKOBH RANUNCULACEAE
1. Oxononnernnxr npocr nenuennen nnn uamxonnen........2
1*. Oxononnernnxr ccranen or uamxa n nenue, xonro ce pasnnuanar
ope nomexy cn..................................4
2. Oxononnernnxr uamxonnen, no-xc or rnunnxnre. Hneronere cpann no mnoro nn
npxnn mernonnnn cnnernx..................
................... peno onunnue ThalictrumminusL.
2*. Oxononnernnxr nenuennen, no-nr or rnunnxnre. Hneronere ennnunn nnn no
nxxonxo................................3
3. Hncrara nenn, cpnennnn o pexonnnn, noneue or 3 na po . . . ...........................
Fnarnxx CalthapalustrisL.
3*. Hncrara nanennno 3-ennn, rpn na po.................
................. Xnra ccnxa AnemoneranunculoidesL.
4. uamenncruerara 3........Xnrypue Ranunculus flcariaL.
4*. uamenncruerara 5-8 ............................5
5. Benuenncruerara nponronaro ennnrnunn, n nara cn xpax crecnenn, na po 12-
20..................Ioponner Adonis vernalis L.
5*. Benuenncruerara xnennnn, na ropnnx xpa pasmnpenn, na onnnx crecnenn, onxnoneno
5 na po, pxxo 8-10...................6
6. Cpennxr nncren xn na npnocnonnnre nncra c pxxa.........
.................. Hnsxmo nmrnue RanunculusrepensL.
6*. Cpennxr nncren xn npncenan, es pxxa...............
................. Onxnoneno nmrnue Ranunculus acris L.
Bna1nnx Caltha palustris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xopennme n xyxo, rnaxo, nonernano nnn nsnpaneno,
cnao pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 40-80 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, ncxann, ronn,
cpnennnn o pexonnnn, no pa nasenn nnn. nannnenn o nourn nenoxpann,
npnocnonnnre no-ronemn c nra pxxa, crnennre no-manxn c xca pxxa nnn opn
npncenann. Hneronere ennnunn nnn no nxxonxo na npxa na crnoro, 1,5-5 cm n namerp,
pasnonoxenn na pxxa, nra 10-15 cm. Oxononnernnxr npocr, ccranen or 5, pxxo or
noneue xnro oarpenn nncruera. Tnunnxnre n nnonnnnre mnoro. unnxr ropen. Hnor
copen, ccranen or 5-15 mexynxn, cne pasnyxnanero na xonro cemenara nsnnsar. O1ponno!
(rano 6, ]nr. 2).
Ho sanarenn n mouypnnnn nnnan n xpa noronn n nxnara crpana, npenmno n nnannnnre or
400 o 2000 m n. n. H]rn mapr mnn.
3a porara ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr na pacrennero (Herba Calthae palustris), xoxro
ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
(36)
sn1a cscsnxa Anemone ranunculoides L.
Pacrenne c rnxo, nnnnnpnuno, xopnsonranno xopennme. Crnoro ennnuno, nncoxo 7-30
cm, rono nnn pascexno nnaxnecro c enn npnocnonen nncr nnn es nero. Crnennre nncra 3 na
po, cpann n npemnen no nnera, na pxxa, o ocnonara cn nanennno rpnpasennn,
xaro xnonere ca xnennnn o rxcno ennnrnuno nannernn, xm ocnonara cn nenoxpann,
narope epo nasenn o nspasxnn, orrope pascexno nnaxnecrn, orony ronn. Hneronere
onnoneno ennnunn, 1,5-2 cm n namerp, c npocr nenuennen oxononnernnx or 5-8 nncruera,
orony c npnnernann nnacnnxn, orrope ronn, nrn 10-15 mm, mnpoxn 8-10 mm. Tnunnxnre
mnoroponn, snaunrenno no-xcn or oxononnernnxa. unnxr ropen. Hnouerara
mnoroponn, rcro nnaxnecrn, a copnnxr nno ynncnan (rano 7, ]nr. 1).
Hs cenuecrn mnpoxonncrnn ropn n xpacranann n npennannncxnx n onnnx nnannncxn noxc
o xm 1500 m n. n. H]rn mapr ma. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Ioponne1 Adonis vernalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco, eeno, uepno-xa]xno xopennme, or xoero
nanponer ce pasnnnar 5-6 nneronocnn crna, nncoxn no npeme na n]rexa 5-20 cm, no cne
npen]rxnanero ocrnrar na nncounna o 40 cm. Crnara nsnpanenn, cnao pasxnonenn, n
ocnonara cn noxpnrn c xa]xnn nmcnonnnn nncra. Crnennre nncra npncenann, n omoro
cn ouepranne onannn, onnnre nanennno, a ropnnre nono nepecro pasenenn, xaro
xnonere nm ca nnnenn, nenoxpann. Hneronere ennnunn, xnrn, pasn]rxnamn
enonpemenno c pasnncrnanero n n namerp 4-5 cm. uamxara c 5 nncruera, a nenuenncruerara
(10-25 na po) nponronaro ennnrnunn, nrn 15-34 mm n mnpoxn 5-12 mm. Hnonnnnre n
rnunnxnre mnoro. Hnernoro nerno xonyconnno. unnxr ropen. Hnor copen, ccranen or
onannn nnouera c xco, xyxecro, sannro naony nocue. Cnnno o1ponno! (rano 6, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce no rpenncrn n xamennnnn naponnrn repenn n Rronsrouna n Ceneponsrouna
Fnrapnx, ryx-ram n Cenepna Fnrapnx, Co]ncxo none, paromancxo n n nnannnara Iono
po.
B mennnnara no nmero Herba Adonidis vernalis ce nsnonsynar nneronocnnre n onncrenn
crna, cpann no npeme na n]rexa. Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
Hsnsnmo nm1nue Ranunculus repens L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo o 70 cm
nnn npnnonnramo ce, c nasemnn, crenemn ce n nxopenxnamn ce nn nsnnre nsnxn.
Hncrara na nrn rponn, na nrn pxxn, xaro ncexn xn e nspxsan. Cpennxr xn na no-
nra pxxa. Ha-ropnnre nncra npncenann. Hneronere na nra pxxa, 2-3 cm n
namerp. uamxara or 5 nncruera, ronn, pasnepenn. Benuero snarncroxnro, na nrn no-
nro or uamxara, ccraneno or 5 nncruera. Tnunnxnre n nnonnnnre mnoro. Hnonnnnre
pasnonoxenn npxy nsnxnanoro nnerno nerno, xoero e noxpnro c uernnxn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor copen, ccranen or mnoro saxprneno xnennnn opexuera c nro, nourn npano
nocue (rano 7, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn n sanarenn mecra, xpa noxnn n noronn n nxnara crpana
(37)
nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnoneno nm1nue Ranunculus acris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npano, pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 30-100 cm, noxpnro c
npnnernann nnacnnxn. Hpnocnonnnre n onnnre crnenn nncra na nrn pxxn, n omoro
cn ouepranne nerornnn, c 3-5 noxn nourn pomnunn xna, xonro ca napxsann n ocrpo
nasenn. Iopnnre nncra npncenann, nourn o ocnonara cn nspxsann na nnnenn enuera,
nourn nenoxpann. Hneronere manoponn, cpann n pexano ctnnerne, 15-25 mm n namerp,
na nra pxxa, c npnnernann nnacnnxn, c 5-nncrna uamxa n nenue. uamenncruerara nourn
nnnecrn, nrn 4-7 mm, nsnpanenn nnn nourn npnnernann xm nenuero, nnaxnecrn.
Benuenncruerara no-nrn or uamxara, snarncroxnrn, oparno xnennnn. Tnunnxnre
mnoro. unnxr ropen. Hnonoro nerno rono. Hnouerara nrn 2,0-3,5 mm, rnaxn, c mnoro
xco nocue (rano 6, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn nnnan n rpenncrn mecra n xpa nrnma. Cpema ce n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000
m n. n. H]rn ma cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
sn1ypue Ranunculusficaria L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnonue nponronaro xnennno saeenenn xopenn n
ocnonara cn. Crnoro nncoxo o 30 cm, rono, npnnon-nramo ce. Hncrara ronn, necrxmn,
saxprneno cpnennnn, saxprneno nasenn o nenoxpann, c nra pxxa, uecro c
rpyunnn n nasnnre na nncrara. Hneronere ennnunn, 1,5-5,0 cm n namerp, na nra pxxa.
Benuenncruerara 8-12, xnrn, ncxann, nrn 10-18 mm, mnpoxn 4-7 mm, nponronaro
ennnrnunn, n ocnonara cn c nexrapnnnn, 5 na po. Tnunnxnre n nnonnnnre mnoro.
unnxr ropen. Hnonoro nerno noxpnro c uernnxn. Opexuerara nrn 2,5 mm, saxprnenn,
oparno xnennnn, xcomxecro nnaxnecrn, cc cnao saocrpeno nocue (rano 7, ]nr. 3).
Ho nnaxnn cenuecrn mecra, mnpoxonncrnn ropn, nnnan n p. n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000
m n. n. H]rn mapr ma. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
peno onunnue Thalictrum minus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c pecro, noxo napaseno crno, nncoxo o 1,5 m,
rono nnn pxxo c xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Hncrara na nra pxxa, 3-4 nrn nepecrn, n omoro
cn ouepranne mnpoxo rpnrnnn, nrn 7-30 cm n nourn ronxona mnpoxn. Hncruerara nourn
xprnn nnn oparno xnennnn o xnnnonnnn, nrn o 30 mm n ronxona mnpoxn, ornpe
onxnoneno c rpn suera. Hneronere mnoro, cpann no npxonere na crnoro n mnpoxa,
pasnepena mernnna. Oxononnernnxr npocr. Benuenncruerara nnncnar. uamenncruerara 4-5
na po, senennxanoxnrn, nrn 3-4 mm, xnennnn. Tnunnxnre mnoro (10-15), ynncnann,
nrn 7-8 mm, no-nrn or oxononnernnxa. unnxr ropen. Hnouerara ronn nnn xnesncro
nnaxnecrn, nrn 2,5-4,0 mm, npncenann, crpannuno cnnecxann, c xco nocue (rano 7. ]nr.
4).
(38)
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, nnnan, xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn nourn o
annncxnx noxc. H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. KHCEATPTHOBH BERBERIDACEAE
Kncen 1psn Berberis vulgaris L.
Cnnno pasxnonen onnn xpacr, nncox o 3 m, c pecrn xnonxn, noxpnrn c xnrennxana xopa,
xoxro npes nropara ronna crana cnna. Fonnre na-nennno rpnpasennn, nrn o 2 cm.
Hncrara pasnonoxenn n cnonue no 2-12 n nasnnre na onnre, na mnanre xnonxn ennnunn,
nocneonarennn. Hncrara npocrn, onannn nnn mnpoxo ennnrnunn o oparno xnennnn, c
mpexecro xnnxynane, nasenn, nrn, 2,5-5,5 cm, crecnenn n xca pxxa, na nxyc xncenn.
Hneronere xnrn, cpann no 15-30 n ynncnann rposone, nrn 3-5 cm. uamxara c 6 senenn
nncruera. Benuero cmo c 6 nponronarn, nenn nnn na npxa cnao npxsann nncruera.
Tnunnxnre 6. unnxr ropen. Hnor couna nnnnnpnuna xncena uepnena xroa, nra o 10
mm, mnpoxa 5 mm, c no 2-3 cemena (rano 8, ]nr. 1). Cpema ce pxxo n nxnara crpana ns
xpacranann n na cyxn xamennnnn mecra oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
C neuena nen n cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopara na xopena n crnoro (Cortex
Berberidis), camnxr xopen (Radix Berberidis) n nnoonere (Baccae nnn Fructus Berberidis). B
mnnanoro ca ce ynorpexnann n nncrara. B naponara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopennre,
nnoonere n nncrara.
Kopenr ce nsxonana npes nponerra, npen a sanoune nererannxra (mapr anpnn) nnn npes
ecenra (oxromnpn noemnpn) cne yspxnanero na nnoonere, n ro camo or enara crpana na
xpacra, raxa ue a ce oronn ne noneue or 14 or rxx.
CEM. MAKOBH PAPAJERACEAE
1. Hneronere ennnunn. Pacrenne es mneuen cox ..............
..................... Xnr poraren Glauciumflavum L.
1*. Hneronere n npocrn cennnnn. Pacrenne c rcr opanxen mneuen cox . . ...................
3mncxo mnxxo Chelidonium mafus L.
sn1 pora1en Glaucium flavum L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno rono crno, nncoxo 30-90
cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, nrn 15-35 cm, nnponnno nepecro naenenn, c
nono no-ronxm npxen xn, nasenn ; crnennre nncra no-penn, npncenann n
oxnamamn crnoro, epo nasenn o nepecro napxsann. Hneronere ennnunn,
pasnonoxenn no npxonere na xnonxnre, na pxxa, nra o 5 cm. uamxara nynncrna,
noxpnra c uernnxn n onaa npn pasrnapxnero na nnera. Benuenncruerara 4, xnrn, nrn 3-4
cm. Tnunnxnre mnoro. unnxr ropen. Hnor mymynxonnen, ron, nr 15-30 m,
pasnyxnam ce na ne uacrn. O1ponno!(rano 8, ]nr. 2).
Cpema ce no nxcnnre n xamennnnnre mecra na uepnomopcxoro xpa-
(39)
pexne, n Bymencxo, Hponancxo, Hnenencxo. H]rn mnn anrycr. B mennnnara ce
nsnonsyna nasemnara my uacr (Herba Glaucii Ilavi).
3unncxo unnxo Chelidonium mafus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, cpxamo rcr opanxen mneuen cox. Crnoro cnnxano,
pasxnoneno, nncoxo 30-90 cm, rono nnn c pascexnn mexn nnacnnxn. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
onnnre c pxxn, ropnnre npncenann, ronn, neun]ronepecrn, c 5-7 onannn nnn
nponronarn, nourn npncenann nncruera, npxnoro rpnpasenno. Hneronere cpann no 2-6
n npocrn cennnnn, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra. Te nmar uamxa or 2 xnro-
senenn nncruera, onaamn npn pasrnapxnero na nnera. Benuero xpxoxnro, uernpnnncrno.
Tnunnxnre mnoroponn. unnxr ropen. Hnor mymynxonnen, nr o 5 cm, pasnyxnam
ce na ne uacrn, ron. O1ponno! (rano 8, ]nr. 3).
Pacre no xamennnnn, nnaxnn, cenuecrn mecra, noxpnrn c xpacranann, ns paspeenn ropn n
nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
Hasemnara uacr na pacrennero e porara Herba Chelidonii, xoxro ce cnpa npes ma mnn.
o cenremnpn moxe a ce cepe n nropa pexonra. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. KPTCTOHBETHH - BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
1. Hnor mymynxa, na-manxo 4 nrn no-nr, orxonxoro mnpox . . 2
1*. Hnor mymynunna, ne no-nr, orxonxoro mnpox nnn no-manxo or
4 nrn no-nr, orxonxoro mnpox.........................
........................ Iopyxa Lepidium perfoliatum L.
2. Pacrennx, noxpnrn none oruacrn c pasxnonenn nnn nypasennn nnacnnxn
..........................................3
2*. Pacrennx, noxpnrn c npocrn nnacnnxn nnn cncem ronn........6
3. Hncrara nono nnn rpono nepecrn....................
.................. Bonnunna Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb.
3*. Hncrara nenn.................................4
4. Enoronmno pacrenne. Bymynxara nnnnnpnuna, c pxxa, ne no-rnxa or camara
mymynxa ..............................
................ Pasnepena oxnxa Ervsimum repandum L.
4*. nyronmnn nnn mnororonmnn pacrennx. Bymynxnre cnnecxann nnn nourn 4-pecrn, c
pxxa, no-rnxa or camara mymynxa........5
5. Bnacnnxnre no nncrara nourn nsnxno nypasennn............
.............. Pasxnonenaoxnxa Ervsimum diffumm Ehrh.
5*. Bnacnnxnre no nncrara snesonnnn nnn cmecenn (snesonnnn n nypasennn)
........................................
..... Bnnncro-nasena oxnxa Ervsimum crepidifolium Rchb.
6. Hncrara nepecro napxsann o nepecrn, cc crpenonnen nnn xonnenn-
en na-ropen xn...................................
............ Heuena mpnna Sisvmbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
6*. Hncrara nepecro napxsann; ropnnxr nm cermenr ne e nnro crpenonnen, nnro
xonnennen................................7
7. Kanauerara na mymynxara es xnnxn....................
............. Hnpenecxn nopeu Rorippapvrenaica(L.)Rchb.
7*. Kanauerara na mymynxnre c 1-5 xnnxn.................8
8. Bymynxara uernprnra n xanauerara camo c no ena nanxna
(40)
xnnxa; nourn ronn pacrennx.............................
................ Onxnonena snnna Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
8*. Bymynxara nnnnnpnuna nnn uernpnpecra. Kanauerara c no 3 nanxnn xnnxn, xaro
crpannunnre ne nonxxora ca cnao saenexnmn . . 9
9. Bymynxara nnnnnpnuna nnn uernpnpecra, c 3 enaxno pasnnrn xnnxn n nocue, nro 1-
2 cm .... Honcxn cnnan Sinapis arvensis L.
9*. Bymynxara uernpnpecra c ena xcna xnnxa n no-cnao saenexnmn crpannunn xnnxn.
Hocuero nro 1,5-4,5 mm ...............10
10. Bymynxara nra 1,0-2,5 cm n npnnennana xm ocra na cnnernero.
Hneronere c pxxa, no-xca nnn panna na uamxara...............
.................... uepen cnnan Brassica nigra (L.)Koch
10*. Bymynxara nra 3-6 cm n nenpnnernana xm ocra na cnnernero.
Hneronere c pxxa, no-nra or uamxara.....................
.............. Capenrcxa ropunna Brassicafuncea (L.) C:ern.
Aeuena uspnna Sisvmbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Enoronmno pacrenne, nxnoro noxpnro c xcn pasnepenn nnacnnxn. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
nncoxo 50-70 cm, n ropnara cn uacr pasnepeno, pasxnoneno, c nepecro napxsann o nepecrn
nncra, c 4-6 nponronaro xnennnn, nepannomepno nasenn crpannunn xnone, uecro
nacouenn nasa n c no-ep, nourn xonnennen npxen xn. Ha-ropnnre nncra xonnennnn
nnn nourn crpenonnnn, penn, npncenann. Hncrara nrn 4-8 cm. Hneronere cpann n
recnn, nourn xnaconnnn cnnernx, c pxxa, nra 1-2 mm, es npnnnernnnn.
uamenncruerara n nenuenncruerara no 4, pasnonoxenn na xpcr. uamenncruerara nrn 1,5-
2,5 mm, nannernn, na-uecro nnaxnecrn. Benuenncruerara xnrn, nrn 3-4 mm, oparno
xnennno-nonaronnnn. Tnunnxnre 6, or xonro nere nnmnn no-xcn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor my-mynxa, nnnnnpnuna, mnnonnno saocrpena, nnrno npnnennana xm crnoro,
nra 10-20 mm, c pxxa, no-xca or 3 mm (rano 8, ]nr. 4).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn, pyepannsnpann mecra, nopone, ynnnn, xpa x n nnnnn n p. oxm 1100
m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn. Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome ceem nna or rosn po, no enn or rxx (S. strictis-simum L.) e c nenn,
nourn nenoxpann nncra, pyr S. polvceratium L., nma npnnnernnnn n cnnernero, a
ocranannre ner nna ca c mymynxn, orxnonenn or ocra na cnnernero, n pxxa, no-nra or 4
mm.
Bonnnunna Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 1 m.
Hncrara nocneonarennn, 2-3 nrn nepecrn, onxnoneno c pxxa, camo na-ropnnre
npncenann, c recnonnnenn o nponronarn enuera, na-uecro noxpnrn c pasxnonenn
nnacnnxn. Hneronere penn, cpann n rcro rposonnno cnnerne, c pxxa, nra 4-6 mm.
uamenncruerara 4, nrn oxono 2,5 mm. Benuenncruerara neoxnrn, nrn 2-2,5 mm,
nponronarn, nonxxora nnncnar. Tnunnxnre 6, or xonro nere ca nnmnn n no-xcn.
unnxr ropen. Hnor mymynxa, nra 8-15 mm, nnnnnpnuna, nacouena narope (rano 9,
]nr. 1).
Onxnoneno pacrenne, xoero e pasnpocrpaneno no ypenxcann mecra, cmernma, xpa nrnma n
p. n nxnara crpana. H]rn anpnn ronn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(41)
Pasxnonena onnxa Ervsimum diffusum Ehrh.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne, xoero npes npnara ronna opasyna camo poserxa or nncra, a
npes nropara onxnoneno nxxonxo cnnno pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn o 80 cm, enesnnxann
nopan nannunero na mnoro nypasennn npnnernann nnacnnxn. Hpnocnonnnre, poserxonnre
nncra nponronarn o nnmxonnnn, crecnenn n nra pxxa, onxnoneno c pexn snn
nnn nenoxpann. Crnennre nncra nocneonarennn, c xca pxxa, nponronarn,
nenoxpann nnn nasenn, ropnnre nncra nnneno-nannernn, npncenann, nenoxpann.
Hneronere cpann no mnoro n rcro rposonnno cnnerne, c nnernn pxxn, nrn 3-6 mm.
uamxara c 4 nncruera, nrn 5-8 mm, n ocnonara cn cc cnan noyrnnn nnn es rxx.
Benuenncruerara 4, nn-monenoxnrn, oparno xnennnn, nrn 8-14 mm, c rnx n nr
noxr. Tnunnxnre 6, or xonro 4-re nrpemnn ca no-nrn, c npamnnnn, nrn 2-3 mm.
Bymynxara rnxa, 4-crenna, nra 48-70 mm (rano 9, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n nycreemn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Erysimi), xoxro ce cnpa no npeme
na n]rexa.
Bsnnnc1o-nassena onnxa Ervsimum crepidifolium Rchb.
nyronmno o mnororonmno pacrenne c een, nperenonnen cnernoxnr xopen. Crnoro
nsnpaneno nnn n ocnonara cn npnnonnramo ce, npocro nnn na-uecro pasxnoneno, pecro, n
onnara cn uacr uecro uepnennxano, nncoxo o 80 cm, noxpnro c nyennn, pxxo rpnennn
nnacnnxn, xonro noxpnnar nxnoro pacrenne. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa,
nnneno-nannernn, saocrpenn, xm ocnonara cn crecnenn n pxxa, nnnonnno nasenn,
cnnn. Crnennre nncra npncenann, no-cnao nasenn, na-ropnnre nenoxpann. Hneronere
cpann n rcro mnoronnerno, rposonnno cnnerne, na pxxa, nra 1,5-3,0 mm,
nnaxnecrn. uamenncruerara 4, nannernn, nrn 6-9 mm. Benuenncruerara cmo 4, xnrn,
nrn 10-16 mm, na npxa saxprnenn, xm ocnonara crecnenn n mnoro nr noxr, ronn nnn
cnao nnaxnecrn. Tnunnxnre 6, nrnre ocrnrar 8-13 mm nxnna, c npamnnnn, nrn 2-3
mm. unnxr ropen. Bymynxnre nnneno-nnnnnpnunn o nourn uernpnpecrn, nrn 2,5-
6,0 cm, mnpoxn 1-2 mm (rano 9, ]nr. 3). Ha ypenxcann mecra n xpa nrnma, pxxo no
uepnomopcxoro xpapexne, ynancxara pannnna, Ceneponsrouna Fnrapnx, Tpaxncxara
nnsnna. H]rn anpnn mnn. uecro n]rn nonropno npes ecenra. Vnorpexna ce n naponara
mennnna.
Pasnepena onnxa Ervsimum repandum L.
Enoronmno pacrenne c xc nperenonnen xopen. Crnoro nncoxo o 60 cm, npocro nnn
pasxnoneno, nsnpaneno nnn n ocnonara cn npnnonnramo ce, noxpnro c nyennn nnacnnxn.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra poserxonnno cnnxenn, nnneno-nannernn, nocrenenno crecnenn n
xca pxxa, saocrpenn, nnnonnno nasenn, cnnn, rcro noxpnrn c nyennn n rpnennn
nnacnnxn. Iopnnre crnenn nncra nnnenn o nnneno-nannernn, npncenann. Hneronere
cpann n rcro rposonnno cnnerne, pasnepeno nsnpanenn, na nra (1-3 mm) nnaxnecra
pxxa. uamenncruerara 4, nponronarn, xnrosenenn, nrn 3-5 mm. Benuenncruera 4,
xnrn, nrn 7-10 mm, xm ocnonara nocrenenno crecnenn n nr noxr. nrnre rnunnxn 7-
8 mm. unnxr ro-
(42)
pen. Hpamnnnnre nrn 0,81,2 mm. Bymynxnre pasnepenn, nnnenn, nrn 5-10 cm (rano
10, ]nr. 1). Ha cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, xpa nrn-ma n orpan n xaro nnenen n
nnnnre. Pasnpocrpaneno e n nxnara crpana o xm 800 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonena snnna Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rono crno, pas-I xnoneno n ropnara
cn uacr n nncoxo o 1 m. onnnre nncra nnponnnn, c 2-5 noxn nponronarn crpannunn
xnone n ronxm saxprnen nnn onanen npxen xn, n ocnonara cpnennen, nasen o napxsan
nnn nourn nenoxpaen. Iopnnre crnenn nncra npncenann, c mnpoxo oxnamamn crnoro
ymnuxn, oparno xnennnn, epo nasenn nnn nnnonnno nspxsann. Hneronere cpann n
rposonnnn cnnernx no npxonere na pasxnonennxra na crnoro, es npnnnernnnn.
uamenncruerara n nenuenncruerara no 4. Benuenncruerara xnrn, nrn 5-7 mm. Tnunnxnre
6. unnxr ropen. Hnor mymynxa, nra 15-30 mm, mnpoxa 1-2 mm, c pxxa, nra 4-6
mm, pasnepen, nonxxora ronnno nsnnr (rano 10, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn mecra, xpa norouera, ns nnaxnn ropn n xpacranann, xaro nnenen n nxnara crpana.
H]rn anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome 4 nna or rosn po, no re ca nnn c nenn onnn nncra, nnn nnaxnecrn, nnn
nneronere, nm ca c npnnnernnnn. Camo nsnpane -nonnonara snnna (B. striata Andrz.) e es
npnnnernnnn, no nnoonere ca npnnernann xm crnoro.
Hnpenencxn nopeu Rorippapvrenaica (L.) Rchb.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nperenonnen xopen n xco xopennme, onxnoneno c
nxxonxo crna, nncoxn o 60 cm, nsnpanenn, npocrn nnn n ropnara cn uacr pasxnonenn, n
onnara cn uacr xconnaxnecrn, narope ronn. onnnre nncra cpann n npnocnonna poserxa,
na nrn pxxn, c xcn ymnuxn npn ocnonara na nncrnara pxxa, nenn, xnennnn nnn
nnponnno nepecro nspxsann, cc crpannunn xnone (3-5 noxn), c no-ronxm saxprneno
cpnennen npxen xn. Crnennre nncra npncenann nnn na xca pxxa, npn ocnonara cn c
ne recnn, naony nacouenn n oxnamamn crnoro ymnuxn, nepecro naenenn c 1 -7 noxn
nnnenn, nenoxpann enuera, xaro npxnnxr xn e enaxn c ocranannre. Hneronere cpann
n xcn rposonnnn cnnernx, c pxxa, nra 4-6 mm. uamenncruerara 4, nannernn, nrn
2,5-3,0 mm. Benuenncruerara cmo 4, xnrn, xnnnonnno crecnenn n ocnonara cn, c 13 no-
nrn or uamenncruerara. Tnunnxnre 6. unnxr ropen. Hnonara xyrnxa xca, xnennno-
ennnrnuna,- nra 2,5-4,0 mm, c nra pxxa (5-10 mm) (rano 10, ]nr. 3).
Hs cyxn rpenncrn mecra, nnnan, xpacranann n xpa ropn oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma
mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Iopyxa Lepidium perfoliatum L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, onxnoneno ennnuno
crno, nncoxo 20-40 cm, noxpxro c pexn nsnpanenn nnacnnxn, pxxo rono, rcro onncreno n
pasxnoneno. Hpnocnonnnre nncra na n-
(43)
ra pxxa (6-10 cm), noxpnrn c uernnecrn nnacnnxn, n omoro cn ouepranne ennnrnunn nnn
oparno xnennno-nannernn, nono nepecro pasceuenn na recnn nnnenn enuera, xaro
onnnre crnenn nncra npnnnuar na npnocnonnnre, no ca no-cnao pasenenn n nourn
npncenann. Iopnnre crnenn nncra mnpoxo xnennnn nnn nourn xprnn, nenn,
nenoxpann, c noxa cpnennna ocnona, xoxro oxnama crnoro, cnpmeno ronn.
Hneronere mnoroponn (o 60-70), cpann n rcrn rposonnnn cnnernx, xonro npn
nnoonere ce ynxanar. Hneronere penn, na rnxa pxxa, nrn 3-4 mm. uamxara ce
ccron or 4 mnpoxo ennnrnunn nncruera, nrn oxono 1 mm, ornn nnaxnecrn.
Benuenncruerara cmo 4, neoxnrn, nrn oxono 1,5 mm, nponronarn, cnpmeno ronn.
Tnunnxnre 2 4. unnxr ropen. Bymynunnnre nourn xprnn nnn mnpoxo onannn, nrn 3-
4 mm, na nsnpanenn ronn pxunnn, nrn 4-6 mm, na npxa nnnarn. Crnuero xco,
panno na nnnarnnara nnn manxo no-nro (rano 10, ]nr. 4).
Kpa nrnma, orpan, n nycreemn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Hepen cnnan Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Sinapis nigra L.)
Enoronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, rono nnn n onnara cn uacr noxpnro c uernnxn.
Hncrara c pxxn, onnnre nnponnno naenenn, c xnennnn nnn nponronarn,
nepannomepno napxsann crpannunn xnone (1-3 noxn), xaro npxnnxr xn e no-cnnno
pasnnr. Cpennre n ropnnre nncra nannernn, xm npxa nspenxnar; na-ropnnre
nenoxpann, c pxunnn. Hneronere cpann nn npxnn rposonnnn cnnernx, na rnxa
pxxa, xoxro e no-xca nnn panna na uamxara. uamenncruerara 4, pasnepenn.
Benuenncruerara snarnoxnrn, cmo 4. Tnunnxnre 6, neenaxnn. unnxr ropen. Hnor
mymynxa, nra 1-2,5 cm, c rnxo nnmxonnno nocue, nro 1,5-4,6 mm, npnnernan xm
crnoro (rano 11, ]nr. 1).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanen n nxnara crpana no rpenncrn mecra, opnnnn, yrapn, xpa orpan n p.
H]rn ma cenremnpn.
Cnnanenoro ceme e porara Semen Sinapis, namnpama ronxmo npnnoxenne n cnpemennara n
naponara mennnna.
Capen1cxa ropunna Brassica funcea C:ern.
Enoronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 1 m, npn ocnonara noxpnro
c uernnxn, narope rono. onnnre nncra nrn o 20 cm, mnpoxn o 8 cm, c pxxa, na-uecro
nnponnno nepecro napxsann, c ronxm xnennen nnn xnennno-nanneren npxen xn, c no
nxxonxo manxn nponronarn crpannunn enuera. Harope nncrara ca c no-manxn pasmepn, xaro
na-ropnnre onxnoneno ca nenn (camo nasenn o nenoxpann), oparno xnennnn o
nannernn nnn nourn nnnenn, xm ocnonara cnnno crecnenn. Cnnernero nourn mnronnno.
Hnernnre pxxn rnxn, no-nrn or uamxara. Benuenncruerara 4, nourn nono no-nrn or
uamenncruerara, cnernoxnrn, saxprneno oparno xnennnn, mnpoxn o 3 mm, nsnenx
crecnenn n ocnonara cn. Tnunnxnre ca 2 4. unnxr ropen. Bymynxnre nrn 3-6 cm,
pasnepenn, c nocue na npxa, nro 7-12 mm (rano 11, ]nr. 2).
Cpema ce no ypenxcann mecra, xpa orpan n nrnma n n opaornaemn semn n nsrounara
uacr na crpanara. H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(44)
Honcxn cnnan Sinapis arvensis L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c pasxnoneno, onncreno crno, nncoxo oxono 30-60 cm,
onxnoneno noxpnro c npocrn, rnpn, pasnepenn nna-cnnxn. Hncrara c pxxa, xnennnn
nnn nponronarn, na-onnnre nourn nnponnno napxsann o nenpannnno nasenn, nrn
o 20 cm, crecnenn n pxxa, noxpnrn c nnacnnxn, pxxo ronn. Iopnnre nncra npncenann,
ynxeno nannernn, cc saocrpen npx, nepannomepno nasenn, no-manxn, nnaxnecrn o
ronn. Cnnernxra rposonnnn, cnrn, nrn 2-5 cm, c nnernn pxxn, nrn 3-8 mm.
uamenncruerara nrn 4-6 mm, pecnnuecrn. Benue-nncruerara 4, xnrn, oparno xnennnn,
nourn nono no-nrn or uamxara. Bymynxara nnnnnpnuna, nra o 5 cm, na npxa c
xonnuno nocue, nourn necnnecxano. Cemenara nourn uepnn, rnaxn, 8-17 na po (rano 11,
]nr. 3).
Cpema ce ns opnnnn, yrapn, xaro nnenen n nnnn, senenuyxonn rpannn n nopone n nxnara
crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn or ma o oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac xaro nnenen n xaro xynrypno pacrenne ce cpema ome enn nn cnnan xn cnnan
(Sinapis alba L.). Iopnnre my crnenn nncra ca c pxxa, nocuero na mymynxara e cnnno
crpannuno cnnecxano, a cemenara ca 4-8 na po, xnrn o xnro-xa]xnn, c xmnuxn no
nonpxnocrra.
CEM. PE3EOBH RESEDACEAE
Pesea Reseda L.
1. uamxara n nenuero c no 4 nncruera. Hncrara nenn............
.................... Xnrennxana pesea R.luteolaL.
1*. uamxara n nenuero c no 6 nncruera. Hncrara, ocnen na-onnnre, rpnennn nnn nepecro
nspxsann ....... Xnrapesea R. lutea L.
sn1ennxana pesea Reseda luteola L.
nyronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno, ennnuno, npocro nnn xm npxa cnao pasxnoneno, rono,
rcro onncreno crno, nncoxo 50-150 cm. Hncrara nenn, npncenann, nnnenn nnn rxcno
nannerno-nnnenn o nonaronnnn, n ocnonara cn uecro crecnenn n c ne mnnonnnn
ymnuxn, nenoxpann. Hneronere cpann n rcro rposonnno cnnerne, nro o 40 cm, n
onnara cn uacr uecro pasxnoneno, c xca pxxa (oxono 1 mm), n ocnonara cn c rpnrnno
mnnonnnn npnnnernnnn, nrn 2-3 mm. uamenncruerara 4, rpann, onanno nponronarn,
oxono 2 mm nrn. Benuenncruerara cmo 4, cnernoxnrn, 3,5-4 mm nrn, neenaxnn,
oparno onanno xnnnonnnn, ropnnre o cpeara nspxsann na 5-7 xna, ocranannre cnao
naenenn nnn nenn. Tnunnxnre 20-30, c ronn pxxn, sanasnamn ce n npn nnoonere.
unnxr ropen. Hnor xyrnxa, nra oxono 4 mm, nourn xnecra, na xca pxxa, c 6
rnn pa n 3 epn, rpnrnno saocrpenn sa (rano 12, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, xpa nrnma, no nsocranenn n ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana
oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(45)
sn1a pesea Reseda lutea L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnra-mo ce rono crno,
nncoxo 30-80 cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra c mnpoxa pxxa, rpnennn, pxxo nenn, nonaronnnn,
pso nscxnamn. Crnennre nncra nepecrn nnn nepecro nspxsann, c 2-3 nannernn o
nnnenn nncrnn xna., nourn nenoxpann nnn xco xnesncro nasenn. Cnnernxra
rposonnnn, ornauano xcn n cnrn, no-xcno ce ynxanar n paspexar, ocrnraxn o 30-
35 cm nxnna, c rona oc, c nnernn pxxn, nrn 4-6 mm. Hpnnnernnnnre nrn 1 -3 mm,
nponronaro nannernn, onxnoneno cxopo onaamn. uamenncruerara 6, mnoro pxxo 8,
nnneno-nannernn, nrn 2,5-3,5 mm, sanasnamn ce npn nnoa. Benuenncruerara 6,
senennxanoxnrn, nrn 4-5 mm, npxnnre rpnennn, xaro cpennxr xn e 2 nrn no-xc or
crpannunnre, xonro ca nonynynnn, ocranannre nenuenncruera nenn, nnnenn. Tnunnxnre 10-
24, cc cnao rpanann pxxn, pano onaamn. unnxr ropen. Hnonara xyrnxa nra 10-
12 mm, mnpoxa 4,5-5,0 mm, xnennno nponronara, rpnpecra, c rpn xcn saonenn sa
(rano 12, ]nr. 2).
Kpa nrnma, no ypenxcann mecra n nnnn n nxnara crpana. Cpema ce mnoro no-uecro or
ocranannre nnone. H]rn ma cenremnpn. Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. EBEAEHOBH CRASSULACEAE
1. Benuenncruerara 10-14. Tnunnxnre nono noneue............
.......... Fenonneren eenen SemprevivumleucanthumPane.
1*. Benuenncruera 4-6. Tnunnxnre 4-10 ...................2
2. Hneronere enonononn. uamenncruerara n nenuenncruerara onxnoneno no 4. Tnunnxnre
onxnoneno no 6 . . . . 3naronpx Rhodiola rosea L.
2*. Hneronere nynononn. uamenncruerara n nenuenncruerara no 5, pxxo 6-8; rnunnxnre 10,
pxxo 12...........................3
3. Hncrara epn n nnocxn, no-mnpoxn or 1 cm n no xpanmara pxxo nasenn .......... Ionxma
rncrnra Sedum maximum (L.)Suler
3*. Hncrara penn, no-recnn or 1 cm, onxnoneno nnnnnpnunn, no-px-xo
nemonnnn............. Hmrnna rncrnra Sedum acre L.
Benonne1en eenen Semprevivum leucanthum Pane
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rcro onncreno, xnesncro nnaxnecro crno, nncoxo o
20 cm, npn ocnonara c esnnonn nsnxn, nncrara na xonro ca cpann n poserxa o 5 cm n
namerp. Poserxonnre nncra ca nponronaro nonaronnnn, nocrenenno saocrpenn, nrn
oxono 20 mm, mnpoxn 8 mm, xm npxa uepnennxann, no pa c pasnepenn nnacnnxn.
Crnennre nncra nocneonarennn, nponronaro nannernn, nnaxnecrn, npncenann.
Hneronere pasnonoxenn na npxa na pasxnonennxra, opasynamn omo mnronnno cnnerne.
uamenncruerara 10-14, senenn. Benuenncruerara xnrn, pasnepenn, ornn nyxecrn, na po
xonxoro uamenncruerara. Tnunnxnre nono noneue or nenuenncruerara, c nourn ronn xnrn
pxxn. Hnonnnnre pasnepenn, c ropen xunnx. Hnor mnorocemenna mexynxa.
Ho cyxn xamennnnn n cxannn mecra. Cpema ce ocra uecro n Pnna, Bnroma, Hnpnn, Hosencxa
nnannna, Cnanxnxa, Cpenn Poonn, Kpecnencxoro e]nne, Caxap nnannna oxm 2000 m n. n.
H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(46)
Am1nna 1nsc1nra Sedum acre L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro rono pacrenne c xcn nnsxmn onncrenn ns-nxn. Crnoro
nncoxo 5-12 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, ynxeno xnennnn, mececrn, nrn 3-6 mm, n
ocnonara cn pasmnpenn, rnn, npncenann, c nmrnn nxyc. Hneronere nourn npncenann n
nasnnre na no-ropnnre nncra, cpann n manxn pexann cennnxonnnn cnnernx.
uamenncruerara 5, xnennnn, nrn 2-3 mm. Benuenncruerara nannernn, snarncroxnrn,
nrn 6-8 mm, saocrpenn. Tnunnxnre 10, manxo no-xcn or nenuenncruerara. unnxr ropen.
Hnor copen, cc snesonnno pasnepenn mexynxn (rano 12, ]nr. 3).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra n nnannnnre o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma-anrycr.B cnpemennara
mennnna ce ynorpexna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Sedi acris). Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo
n n naponara mennnna.
Ionnua 1nsc1nra Sedum maximum (L.) Suter
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc saeenen xopen n nsnpaneno rono crno, nncoxo 15-
80 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nnocxn, nponronaro xnennnn, rnn, nrn 5-13 cm,
mnpoxn 2-5 cm, no pa nasenn nnn nexcno nnnarn. Cnnernero mnpoxo 6-10 cm, rcro,
mnronnno-mernnuecro. Hneronere pasnonoxenn na xca pxxa. uamenncruerara n
nenuenncruerara no 5, pxxo no 6. uamenncruerara rpnrnnn, saocrpenn, nrn 1,2 mm.
Benuenncruerara xnennnn, saocrpenn, nrn 3-4 mm, mnpoxn oxono 1 mm,
xnrennxanosenenn nnn enesnnxann o cnnxann, mnoro pxxo enn. Tnunnxnre 10, ena
noanamn ce na nenuero, cc saxprnenn npamnnnn. unnxr ropen. Hnouerara
nsnpanenn, nrn 3-4 mm, na npxa c nnneno nocue (rano 12, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann n no xamennnnn mecra oxm 1900 m n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
3na1onpsx Rhodiola rosea L. (Sedum roseum (L.) Scop.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno, mececro xopennme c apomar na posa, noxpnro c
rpnrnnn nnnecrn nmcnn n npemnnanamo n een npan xopen. Hneronocnnre crna nncoxn
10-35 cm, ronn, nepasxnonenn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nnocxn, mececrn, npncenann, or
ennnrnunn o nannernn, saocrpenn, nrn 0,7-3,5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1,5 cm, xm ropnnx cn xpa
xcno nasenn. Cnnernero rcro, mnronnno, mnoronnerno, mnpoxo 3-9 cm, c rnxn
pasxnonenn xnonxn. Hneronere nyomnn, 4-, pxxo 3- nnn 5-ennn. uamenncruerara
nnneno-nannernn, nrn oxono 1 mm, rnn, xnrn nnn senennxann. Benuenncruerara
nnnenn nnn nponronarn, rnn, xnrn nnn xnrennxann, nrn 2-4 mm. Tnunnxnre 8, no-
nrn or nenuenncruerara. unnxr ropen. Hnoonere mexynxn, nrn 6-12 mm, c mnoro
cemena (rano 13, ]nr. 1).
Ho xamennnnn n cxannn repenn nn nncoxonnannncxnx noxc na Cpena Crapa nnannna, Pnna,
Hnpnn n 3anann Poonn. H]rn npes mnn n anrycr.
Hscymennre xopenn n xopennme ca porara Radix et Rhizoma Rhodiolae. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
(47)
CEM. KAMEHOAOMKOBH SAXIFKAGACEAE
An1snue Chrvsosphnium altemifolium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nro nnsxmo xopennme n rpnp-ecro crno, nncoxo
o 20 cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra na nra pxxa, saxprneno pexonnnn, nasenn, nrn
7-25 mm n mnpoxn 10-35 mm; crnennre 1-3, no-penn, nocneonarennn, c xca pxxa.
Hneronere cpann nn npxno, nnocxo mnronnno cnnerne, oxnanaro or epn
xnrosenenn-xann ropnn nncra. Benue nnncna. uamxara ornrpe xnra, ccranena or 4
nncruera, nrn o 2 mm. Tnunnxnre 8, no-xcn or uamxara. unnxr nourn onen. Hnor
enornesna xyrnxa, panna na uamxara (rano 13, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn cenuecrn cxanncrn mecra, xpa noronn, rnanno n cpennx nnannncxn noxc oxm
1800 m. n. n. H]rn npes anpnn n ma. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. PO3OHBETHH ROSACEAE
1. uamxara or enn xpr nncruera . . Kammnx Agrimonia eupatoria L.
1*. uamxara or na xpra nncruera (nona uamxa)............2
2. Hncrara nanennnn, c 3-9 nncruera...................3
2*. Hncrara nepecrn...............................4
3. Hnernnre xprone c no 4 nncruera......................
............. Iopcxn ounonen Potentilla erecta (L.)Rduschel.
3*. Hnernnre xprone c no 5 nncruera .....................
.................. Hnsxm ounonen Potentilla reptansL.
4. Hncrara c noneue or 9 noxn nncruera n nourn enaxnn ........
................... Imn ounonen PotentillaanserinaL
4*. Hncrara c no-manx po crpannunn nncruera, npxnoro e mnoro no-ronxmo or
crpannunnre...............................5
5. Crnoro pasxnoneno, c mnoro nnerone. Crnuero ccraneno or ne
unenuera..............Ipacxo omannue Geum urbanum L.
5*. Crnoro nncxo, nepasxnoneno, c enn, pxxo c na nnxra. Crnuero es cunenenne......
Hnannncxo omannue GeummontanumL.
Kaumnx Agrimonia eupatoria L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco n eeno xopennme. Crnoro rnxo, nsnpaneno,
nncoxo o 1 m, npocro nnn xm npxa cnao pasxnoneno. Hourn ncnuxn nncra crnenn,
nepecrn, nrn 9-30 cm, xaro ncexn nncr ce ccron or 5-9 (13) epn n mexy rxx 6-10 manxn
nncruera, xonro ca npncenann, nasenn, c xnennna o onanna ]opma. Hpnnncrnnnnre
epn. Hneronere nynononn, cpann n pexn xnaconnnn rposone, c oxononnernnx, c no 5
uamenncruera n 5 nenuenncruera. Benuenncruerara xnrn, nrn 4-6 mm. uamxara ornn
noxpnra c xyxecrn mnnuera; npn nnoonere rx e oparno xonyconnna n no nxnara cn
nxnna napasena.
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanen e ns xpacranann n rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n.
H]rn or mnn o cenremnpn (rano 13, ]nr. 3).
porara (Herba Agrimoniae) e nasemnara uacr na pacrennero, orpxsana na oxono 25 cm or
ocnonara, cpana no npeme na n]rexa. eennre crna ne ce cnpar. Hsnonsyna ce n
naponara mennnna.
(48)
Por Agrimonia e sacrnen y nac c ome enn nn Agrimonia odomta Mill., xoro ce cpema
rnanno n Rxna n Rrosanana Fnrapnx. Hncrara my orony ca senenn, oxaro npn
onxnonennx xammnx re ca cnnonnaxnecrn. uamxara npn nnoonere e nonyxnecra, camo n
ropnara cn uacr e napasena.
Hnannncxo ouannnue Geum montanum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno xopennme, noxpnro c ocrarnn or nscxnann
nncra, es nnsxmn nsnxn. Hneronocnnre crna onxnoneno ennnunn, nncoxn 5-30 cm,
na-uecro enonnernn, cnao onncrenn, noxpnrn c npocrn n xnesncrn nnacnnxn.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra nnponnno nepecro nspxsann, c nra, pasmnpena pxxa, cmo noxpnra
c npocrn n xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Bpxnoro nncrue nro o 6 cm, oxono 4 nrn no-mnpoxo or
crpannunnre, nourn saxprneno, noxo n rno naseno. Crpannunnre nncruera nocrenenno
namanxnamn no pasmepn xm ocnonara na nncrnara pxxa. Hneronere 20-45 mm n namerp, c
nona uamxa nrpemnnre ua-menncruera 8-12 mm nrn, xnennnn o xnennno-
nannernn, or nrpemnara crpana rcro nnaxnecrn, a nnmnnre uamenncruera or nere crpann
nnaxnecrn, nono no-xcn or nrpemnnre, nnneno-nannernn. Benuenncr-uerara 5-7, pxxo
noneue, nrn 10-18 mm, snarncroxnrn, saxprneno xnennnn. Tnunnxnre n nnonnnnre
mnoro, c onen xunnx. Crnuerara nsnxno nnaxnecrn, sanasnamn ce npn nnoonere.
Hnouerara mnoroponn, nrn 3-4 mm, nnaxnecrn (rano 13, ]nr. 5).
Ho nnannncxn nonxnn n cxannn mecra n Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Cpena ropa,
3anann Poonn, Pnna, Hnpnn, Bnroma n Ocorono. H]rn or ma o mnn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
Ipacxo ouannnue Geum urbanum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme, c nsnpaneno cnao pasxnoneno nnaxnecro
crno, nncoxo 20-60 cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa c xca pxxa, rexonepecrn,
cc crpannunn nncruera (1-5 noxn), nasenn; npnara noxa no npxnoro nncrue e no-
ronxma or ocranannre. Crnennre nncra rponn, a na-ropnnre rpnennn, nourn npncenann.
Hpnnncrnnnnre epn, nrn 1-3 cm, pexonnno saxprnenn, nenpannnno nasenn.
Hneronere 10-15 mm n namerp, na nra pxxa, pasnonoxenn noennnuno no npxonere na
pasxnonennxra. uamxara nona, c 5 nncruera, nrpemnnre nrn 3-8 mm, nnaxnecrn,
saocrpenn, rpnrnno xnennnn, 2 nrn no-nrn or nnmnnre, xonro ca nnneno-nannernn.
Benue-nncruerara 5, no-xcn nnn pannn na uamenncruerara, xnennnn, cnernoxnrn.
Tnunnxn mnoro. Hnonnnnre mnoro (copen nnonnx), c onen xunnx
(rano 13, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann n no cenuecrn mecra, xpa ropcxn nrexn, no ceunma, xpa orpan n pyrae ns
nxnara crpana. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nsxonannre npes nponerra xopennme n xopenn
(pora Rhizoma et Radix Gei urbani) nnn n]rxmara nasemna uacr (Herba Gei urbani).
Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
(49)
Ismn ounonen Potentilla anserina L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nperenonnno saeeneno mececro xopennme n rnxn,
nxopenxnamn ce no nsnnre nnsxmn, uecro uepnennxann crna, nrn o 80 cm, noxpnrn c
nnacnnxn. Hncrara npnocnonnn, nrn o 20 cm, neun]ronepecrn, c xca, pasmnpena pxxa,
orony enonnaxnecra, orrope senena. Hncruerara npncenann, nrn 10-40 mm, mnpoxn 5-15
mm, cpemynonoxnn, nponronarn o xnennnn, saocrpenn, ocrpo nannnenn. Hpnnncrnnnnre
ronemn. Hneronere ennnunn na nra pxxa, 18-20mm n namerp. uamxara or 2 xpra c no
5 nncruera, o 13 or nxnnara cn cpacnann nomexy cn, xonpnnecro nnaxnecrn, enaxno
nrn, saocrpenn, uecro naenenn. Benuenncruerara cmo 5, snarncroxnrn, xnennnn,
nrn 7-10 mm, oxono 2 nrn no-nrn or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 20. Hnonnnnre mnoro (copen
nnonnx), c onen xunnx. Hnouerara (opexuera) epn, xnennnn, nourn xprnn, c xmnuxn
no nonpxnocrra cn (rano 14, ]nr. 1).
Ho nnaxnn rpenncrn mecra xpa ynan Homcxo, Cnnmoncxo, Opxxoncxo. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnoro pacrenne saeno c xopennmero (pora Herba
Anserinae), xoero ce nsnaxa no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Iopcxn ounonen Potentilla erecta (h) Rauschel.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco, eeno, nourn rpyxonnno xopennme, nro o 10
cm n eeno o 2 cm, ornn rmnoxa]xno, a ornrpe npn pasuynnane uepneno-xa]xno nnn
cnernouepneno. Crnoro nncoxo o 20-25 cm, nxnoro (saeno c nncrara) cnao xconnaxnecro.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra na nra pxxa, rponn nnn neropnn, crnennre na-uecro
npncenann, ncxxora rponn, c epn, nncronnnn, noxo napxsann npnnncrnnnn.
Hncruerara nponronaro oparno cpnennnn nnn nannernn, or cpeara narope nasenn.
Hneronere ennnunn, na nra pxxa, c namerp oxono 1 cm. uamxara ce ccron or na
xpra c nourn enaxnn nncruera. Benuero snarncroxnro, nro 4-6 mm, c no 4 nncruera.
Hnor cyx, copen, c mnoro xnennnn xa]xno-xnrn opexuera (rano 14, ]nr. 2).
Cpema ce no nnaxnn mecra nn ncnuxn namn nnannnn. H]rn npes mnn n anrycr.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsyna xopennmero (Rhizoma Tormentillae), xoero ce nsxonana npes
ecenra cne ormnpanero na nasemnnre uacrn (cenremnpn oxromnpn) nnn pano nanponer,
xoraro sanounar a ce pasnnnar nncrara (anpnn).
Hsnsnm ounonen Potentilla reptans L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno eeno xopennme. Crnara nnsxmn, nrn
o 1 m, nnaxnecrn o ronn, nxopenxnamn ce. Hncrara c nra pxxa, nanennnn, c 5-7
nncruera, xaro camo na-ropnnre ca rponn nnn 4-ennn. Hncruerara oparno xnennnn,
nrn 5-70 mm n mnpoxn 3-25 mm, nponronaro ennnrnunn o nponronaro nannernn, c
xnnnonnna ocnona, nasenn, orony nnaxnecrn, orrope nourn ronn. Hpnnncrnnnnre ope
pasnnrn, cpacnann c nncrnara pxxa. Hneronere ennnunn, na nra pxxa, nsnnsama or
nasnnre na nncrara, 18-25 mm n namerp. uamxara c na xpra c no 5 nncruera, xonro ca
nourn enaxnn no ]opma n pasmepn. Ben-
(50)
uenncruerara nrn 8-12 mm, snarncroxnrn, nourn nono no-nrn or ua-menncruerara.
Tnunnxnre 20, c ronn pxxn. Hnonnnnre mnoro, c .onen xunnx (rano 14, ]nr. 3).
Ho nnnan n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1800 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BOBOBH - FABACEAE (PAPILIONACEAE)
1. Xpacrn nnn nonyxpacrn...........................2
1*. Tpenncrn pacrennx .............................4
2. Hncrara npocrn................................3
2*. Hncrara rponn nnn neun]ronepecrn...................
........................ Hnmcxau Colutea arborescens L.
3. Honyxpacr cc cnnno cnnecxann n xpnnarn crna, ccranenn or orennn unenuera. Hncrara
npnxpenenn camo nn nsnnre na crnara.....
.......................... Hpemnn Genista sagittalis L.
3*. Xpacrn c nnnnnpnunn nnn cnao pecrn crna, nepasenenn na
unenuera. Hncrara pasnonoxenn no nxnara nxnna na xnonxnre.......
..............: . Foxxncxa xnryra Genista tinctoria L,
4. Bpxr na omara nncrna pxxa sanpmna c rnxo n nro mycraue.
Hncrara neun]ronepecrn nnn camo c ena noxa nncruera...........
.................. Hnnano cexnpue LathvruspratensisL.
4*. Bpxr na omara nncrna pxxa nnnarn sanpmna c nncrue. Hncrara rexonepecrn
..................................... 5
5. Hncrara ccranenn or 3-5 nncruera . ..................6
5*. Hncruerara 7 n noneue na po (rnea nncrara n ropnara uacr na
crnoro).......................................7
6. Hncrara ccranenn or 5 nncruera......................
................. Onxnonen snesan Lotus corninilatus L,
6*. Hncrara npocrn (onnnre) n rponn nnn ncnuxnre rponn.......
............. Heuena xomynnra Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.
7. Pacrenne noxpnro c nnacnnxn. Bpxnoro nncrue no-ronxmo or ocranannre. uamxara
mexypecro noyra.........................
.................. Henena pamenxa Anthvllis vulneraria L.
7*. Ionn pacrennx. Bpxnoro nncrue ronxmo xonxoro crpannunnre. uamxara ne e mexypecro
noyra............................11
...........Cnaxonncrno crpanue Astragalus glvcvphvilos L.
Bonanncxa asn1yra Genista tinctoria L.
Xpacr, nncox o 1 m, c npnnonnramn ce nnn nsnpanenn crna, ronn nnn n ropnara cn uacr
rcro npnnernano nnaxnecrn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, npocrn, nrn 10-25 mm, mnpoxn 3-10
mm, ennnrnunn nnn ennnrnuno-nannernn, nenoxpann, saocrpenn, orrope ronn, orony
nnaxnecrn, c penn, mnnonnno saocrpenn npnnncrnnnn. Hneronere cpann n pexann
rposo-nnnn cnnernx no npxonere na crnoro n pasxnonennxra my. uamxara rpecra, n
ropnara cn uacr nyycrna c 5 sena, nra 5-6 mm, rona nnn no xnnxnre nnaxnecra. Benuero
nro 10-15 mm, xnro, ]naruero mnpoxo 8-10 mm, nourn panno na xpnnnara n nanxara.
Tnunnxnre 10, cpacnann n rpnna. unnxr ropen. Hnor e o, nr o 2,5 cm, ron nnn
xconnaxnecr, npan nnn cpnonnno nsnnr (rano 14, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce cpannnrenno pxxo n nxnara crpana no xpacranann, npocner-
(51)
nenn ropn n rpenncrn mecra, npenmno n nnsnnnre n npennannnnre oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nasemnnre uacrn (pora Herba Genistae tinctoriae),
xonro ce cnpar no npeme na n]rexa. Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
Hpemnn Genista sagittalis L.
Honyxpacrue, nncoxo o 50 cm, cc crenemn ce no semxra mnoroponn pasxnonennx, cnnno
cnnecxann n mnpoxo xpnnarn, ccranenn or orennn unenuera. Hncrara manoponn,
npnxpenenn ennnuno camo no nsnnre, npocrn, npncenann, nannerno-xnennnn,
nenoxpann, nnaxnecrn. Hpnnncrnnnn nnncnar. Hneronere cpann no npxonere na
pasxnonennxra n no-cnrn nnn no-pexann rnannuxn, nrn 3-5 cm, c pxxa, nra o 2 mm.
uamxara rpecra, c 5 cpacnann o 23 or nxnnara nm nncruera, narope nyycrna, cc
snn, no-nrn or rpnnara, onnnre nncruera mnnonnnn, nnaxnecrn. Benuero nro 10-12
mm, c rono ]narue n xocmara nanxa, xpnnnara crecnenn n ocnonar cn, ronn. Tnunnxnre 10,
cpacnann n ena rpnna. unnxr ropen. For nr 1,5-2,5 cm, cnnecxan, nnneen,
pasnepeno nnaxnecr (rano 14, ]nr. 5).
Ho xamennnnn n cxannn nonxnn, ns xpacranann n rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 2000
m n. n. H]rn ma mnn. Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
Hnmcxau Colutea arborescens L.
Pasxnonen xpacr, nncox o 5 m, c nnaxnecrn mnan xnonxn, no-xcno ronn. Hncrara
neun]ronepecrn, nocneonarennn, c 4-5 noxn mnpoxo ennnrnunn, no-pxxo xnennnn, n
ocnonara xnnnonnnn, na npxa onxnoneno npxsann, nenoxpann nncruera, c xcn
npnnernann nnacnnxn, orrope ronn. Hpnnncrnnnnre nrn o 3,0 mm, xconnaxnecrn.
Cnnernxra rposonnnn, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara, c manxo na po nnerone (3-5).
Hnernnre pxxn nrn 10-14 mm, c penn npnnnernnnn. uamxara snnuennna, mnpoxa 5
mm, c 5 xco rpnrnnn sena, nnaxnecra. Benuero nro 16-20 mm, xnro, rono. unaruero
xprno, na npxa npxsano, n ocnonara c na nspacrxa, manxo no-nro or xpnnnara na
nanxara, xpnnnara ca nsnnrn nn nn na cpn, a nanxara rna. Tnunnxnre 10, or xonro 9
cpacnann n rpnna, a ecerara cnoona (91). unnxr ropen. Hnor o, nr 5-7 cm,
cnnno mexypecro noyr, mnorocemenen (rano 16, ]nr.1).
Ho cyxn, xamennnnn mecra n xpacranann, uecro npxy naponnx. Cpema ce nancxxe n no-
ronnnre uacrn na crpanara. H]rn anpnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Cnaxonnc1no crpanue Astragalus glvcvphvllos L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nourn rono, cnnno pasxnoneno n nonernano no semxra
crno, nro o 2 m. Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, nrn 10-20 cm, nocneonarennn, c 4-6 noxn
ennnrnunn o ynxeno xnennnn nenoxpann nncruera, rnn, orrope ronn, nrn 2-4 cm,
Hpnnncrnnnnre nannernn, cnoonn. Cnnernxra rcrn, nrnecrn, nrn 3-5 cm, no-xcn or
nncrara. Hneronere nrn o 16 mm. uamxara snnuennna, nra 5-6 mm, c
(52)
mnnonnnn snn, rona nnn noxpnra camo c enn nnacnnxn. Benuero senennxanoxnro, nro
o 15 mm. unaruero n ocnonara crecneno, na npxa npxsano, xpnnnara saxprnenn, nanxara
cnnno nsnnra. Tnunnxnre 9 1. unnxr ropen. For nr 3-4 cm, cpnennno nsnnr, ron
(rano 16,]nr. 2).
Hs ropn, ropcxn nonxnn n xpacranann, no cxanncrn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1800 m n. n.
H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Annano cexnpue Lathvrus pratensis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnao pasxnoneno, nnaxnecro nncoxo crno (30-100
cm). Hncrara nocneonarennn, c ena noxa nnneno-nannernn o ennnrnunn nncruera c 3
nanxnn xnnxn, nrn 10-40 mm, mnpoxn 2-9 mm, ronn, nenoxpann; nncrnara oc sanpmna c
mycraue. Hpenncr-nnnnre na, epn, nrn 1-3 cm, mnpoxn 3-6 mm, onxnoneno pannn na
nncrnara pxxa, nnnenn o nannernn, n ocnonara crpenonnnn, c ne nepannn nannernn
ymn. Hneronere cpann no 5-12 n rposonnnn cnnernx, na oma pxxa, nxxonxo nrn no-
nra or nncrara. uamxara c nannerno-mnnonnnn snn, onnnre no-nrn, ropnnre no-xcn
or rpnnara. Benuero xnro, ycrpoeno xaxro npn pyrnre oonn pacrennx. Tnunnxnre 9 1.
unnxr ropen. For nnneen, nr 4-5 cm, cnnecxan n npn yspxnanero nouepnxna
(rano 15, ]nr. 1).
Hs xpacranann, ropcxn nonxnn, nnnan n xpa nnnn n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1500 m n. n.
H]rn npes mnn n mnn.
Hasemnara uacr ce nsnonsyna n naponara mennnna. Hpanxr ce onnrn n sa nnexanero my n
cnpemennara mennnna.
Aeuena xouynnra Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, no-pxxo nsxoxmo pasxnoneno crno,
nncoxo o 1 m, rono nnn n ropnara cn uacr cnao xocmaro. Hncrara nocneonarennn, na nra
pxxa, rponn. Hncruerara nasenn, cpenoro na no-nra pxunna, onnnre nncra
oparno xnennnn, ocranannre nponronarn, nrn 15-20 mm, mnpoxn 4-12 mm.
Hpnnncrnnnnre mnnonnnn, ncnuxn nenoxpann. Hneronere penn, nrn 4-7 mm, cpann n
pexann rposonnnn cnnernx no npxonere na pasxnonennxra, na nra pxxa. Benuero
xnro, c ]narue, panno na xpnnnara n no-nro or nanxara. Tnunnxnre 9 1. unnxr
ropen. For peen, nr 3-5 mm, ron, nourn xnecr, enocemenen (rano 15, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn rpenncrn mecra, n nocennre xaro nnenen n xpa nrnma xaro ypen. Cpema ce n
nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n.
3a neeunn nenn n cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (Herba Meliloti
oIIicinalis) nnn nncrara n nneronere (Folia et Flores Meliloti oIIicinalis), xonro ce epar n
nauanoro na n]rexa. Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n naponara mennnna.
V nac xaro nnopacrxmn ce cpemar ome 3 nna xomynnra c xnrn nnerone, npnnncrnnnnre na
cpennre nnn na na-onnnre nm nncra ca nasenn.
(53)
Onxnonen snesan Lotus corniculatus L.
Mnororonmno pacrenne c nonernano nnn nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo o 30-35 cm, nnrno nnn
c rnpe rxcna xyxnna, rono nnn nnaxnecro. Hncrara cnoxnn, nocneonarennn, rexonepecrn, c
5 nncruera, nrn 4-18 mm, mnpoxn 1-10 cm, nenoxpann, nannernn, oparno nannernn o
xnennnn, n ocnonara crecnenn, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn. Hpnnncrnnnnre penn. Hneronere
cpann no 3-7 n xnecrn cnnernx na nra pxxa (5-10 cm) nnn ennnunn. Hnernnre
pxxn nrn 1,0-2,5 mm. uamxara nra 5-6 mm, c rpnrnnn, mnnonnno saocrpenn snn,
pannn nnn no-nrn or rpnnara. Benuero nro 10-12 mm, xnro, pxxo nsuepnennxano;
nanxara crecnena nsnenx n nocue. Tnunnxnre 91. unnxr ropen. For nnnnnpnuen,
nr 1,5-3,0 cm, ron (rano 15, ]nr. 3).
Ho nnaxn nnnan, nacnma, ns xpacranann n ropn n nxnara crpana. H]rn ma cenremnpn.
Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
Henena pauenxa Anthvllis vulneraria L.
Enoronmno o mnororonmno pacrenne, noxpnro c npnnernann n pasnepenn nnacnnxn.
Crnoro or ocnonara cn pasxnoneno, c nsnpanenn n npn-nonnramn ce nneronocnn xnonxn,
nncoxo 10-60 cm. Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, pxxo rponn nnn npocrn, nenoxpann,
npnocnonnnre c 3-5 noxn nncruera npxnoro epo, nro 15-35 mm, mnpoxo 10-20 mm,
mnpoxo ennnrnuno, crpannunnre penn, nrn 10-20 mm, mnpoxn 3-8 mm, nnneno
nponronarn. Crnennre nncra c enaxnn, nnneno nponronarn nncruera (5-11 na po),
nrn 10-20 mm, mnpoxn 3-6 mm, nnaxnecrn. Hneronere cpann n nnernn rnannuxn no
npxonere na pasxnonennxra, n ocnonara c na nanennno naenenn npnnnernn nncra, nrn
7-12 mm. uamxara mexypecro noyra, nnaxnecra, c 5 neenaxno nrn mnnonnnn suera.
Benuero nro 13-18 mm, xnro, uepneno-opanxeno nnn enesnnxano, rono. Benuenncruerara
n ocnonara cn crecnenn n noxr, ncnuxn, c nsxnmuenne na ]naruero, cpacnann n ocnonara cn c
rnunnxonara rpnna. Tnunnxnre 10, cpacnann n rpnna. unnxr ropen. For nr 5 mm,
xnennno xnecr, nsnxno nxnmuen n uamxara (rano 15, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce no cyxn xamennnnn cxnonone, nnnan, nacnma, paspeenn ropn n xpacranann n
nxnara crpana o nncoxonnannncxnx noxc. Pacre npenmno no naponnr repen. Cnnno
nonnmop]en nn. H]rn or ma o cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna pxxo ce ynorpexna nasemnara uacr (Herba Vulnerariae), xoxro ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa.
CEM. TPABY3AHOBH ZYOOPHYLLACEAE
Tpaysan, annn ssn Tribulus terrestris L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmn crna, nrn o 60 cm, noxpn rn c rcrn
nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c manxn nannernn npn-nncrnnnn, un]ronepecrn, nrn 3-5
cm, mnpoxn 1,5-2,0 cm, c 5-8 noxn nponronarn nenoxpann nncruera, nrn 4-10 mm,
orrope ronn, orony noxpnrn c nnacnnxn. Hneronere ennnunn, pasnonoxenn na-uecro n
nasnnre na nncrara, na xca pxxa. uamxara ce ccron or 5 xnennno-nannernn nncruera,
nra oxono 4 mm. Benuero cmo or 5 oparno xnennnn nncruera,
(54)
nrn 5-7 mm, mnpoxn oxono 3 mm, xnro. Tnunnxnre 10. unnxr ropen, nerrnesen.
Hnor ce pasnaa cne yspxnanero cn na 5 opexuera, noxpnrn c ocrpn mnnone (rano 16, ]nr.
3).
Ho necxnnnn n xamennnnn mecra, ns nosx n pyrn oxonnn xynrypn n xpa nrnma. Cpema ce
nancxxe, npenmno n no-ronnnre uacra na crpanara. H]rn or mnn o oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (Herba Tribulus terrestris), orpxsana
no npeme na n]rexa. Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. MAEHKOBH - EJPHORBIACEAE
Onxnonena uneuxa Euphorbia cvparissias L.
Mnororonmno pacrenne, cpxamo mneuen cox, c nsnpaneno rono crno, nncoxo o 50 cm,
na npxa c mnoroponn esnnonn, rcro onncrenn pasxnonennx. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
ronn recnonnnenn, nrn 5-40 mm, mnpoxn 0,5-3 mm, nenoxpann. Hneronere enonononn,
cpann n ocoenn, npocro ycrpoenn cnnernx nnarym, xonro no nnmen nsrne
npnnnuar na orenen nnxr. Cnnernxra na pxxn, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara.
Hnarymnre cpann n pasnnunn cnnernx, na-uecro cennnxonnnn, xaro npn ocnonara cn ca
onnrn c nxxonxo npncnnernn nncra. Hneronere es oxononnernnx, onnrn or eno
uamxonnno noxpnnano, nanomnxmo mnoro oxononnernnx, nonyueno or cpacrnanero na
npnnnernnnnre na mxxnre nnerone. Pr na noxpnnanoro napxsan na 5 rnxn xna, mexy
xonro nma 4 mececrn, nsnnrn nann xna, napeuenn xnesn, onnerenn xnro o rmnoxa]xno.
Hpnnner-nnre nncra nrn 3-5 mm, mnpoxn 5-10 mm, no npeme na n]rexa sna-rncroxnrn o
opanxeno-xnrn, npn nnoonere uecro xpxouepneno onnerenn. Hnor cyxa, rona, pasnyxnnna
xyrnxa, nra 3,0-3,5 mm (rano 16, ]nr. 4).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, ns xpacranann, ceunma n noxapnma, xpa nrnma n
cennma n nxnara crpana oxm 2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B nxxon crpann (Honma n p.) nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Euphorbiae cyparissias) ce
ynorpexna n cnpemennara mennnna, a y nac ce nsnonsyna camo n naponara mennnna.
CEM. CEEmHEBH RUTACEAE
Ceeque Ruta graveolens L.
Enoronmno nannno rono rpenncro pacrenne c npnenxno n ocnonara cn crno, nncoxo
20-45 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nono nnn rpono nepecro pasceuenn, c nponronaro
oparno xnennnn nenoxpann rnn xnone, xaro npxnnxr xn e mnpox o 9 mm; onnnre n
cpennre nncra c nra pxxa, ropnnre npncenann. Hneronere npannnnn, cpann nn
npxnn pexann mnronnnn mernnnn; uamxara n nenuero c no 4, no-pxxo c no 5 nncruera.
Benuenncruerara xnrn, oparno xnennnn, nenoxpann nnn cnao nasenn, nrn o 6-9
mm. Tnunnxnre nono noneue or nenuenncruerara
(55)
(8-10). unnxr ropen. Hnor e nourn c]epnuna pasnyxnnna 4-rnesna xyrnxa. O1ponno!
(rano 16, ]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra n xpacranann n nsrounara uacr na crpanara n no cxnononere na
Poonnre oxm 500 m n. n. Orrnexa ce n xaro exoparnnno pacrenne n nxnara crpana. H]rn
mnn anrycr.
Bpxnnre xnonxn saeno c nncrara n nneronere ca porara Herba Rutae, xoxro ce cnpa no
npeme na n]rexa. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n naponara mennnna.
CEM. CMPAAHKOBH ANACARDIACEAE
Cupannxa Cotinus coggvgria Scop. (Rhus cotinus L.)
Xpacr, nncox o 5 m, c npocrn, xnennnn nnn mnpoxo ennnrnunn nncra, nrn 3-10 cm,
mnpoxn 2-7 cm, nocneonarennn, nenoxpann, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn, c xca pxxa, orrope
rmnosenenn, orony cnnxanosenenn, naecen nouepnenxnamn. Hneronere neoxnrn o
senennxann, nynononn, cpann nn npxnn pexann, pasnepenn mernnnn, nrn 15-20 cm.
uamxara n nenuero c no 5 nncruera, xaro nenuenncruerara ca 2 nrn no nrn or uamxara.
Tnunnxnre 5, pasnonoxenn mexy nenuenncruerara. unnxr ropen, enornesen. Cne
npen]rxnanero nnernnre pxxn ce ynxanar n ce noxpnnar c nrn, posonn, uepnennxann
nnn xnrennxann nnacnnxn. Hnor oparno xnennen, xocrnnxon, cyx, cne yspxnanero
rmnoxa]xn, nr 3-5 mm. O1ponno!(rano 17, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra, ns xpacranann n cnernn onn ropn, no-uecro npxy naponnx.
Cpema ce nancxxe n no-ronnnre uacrn na crpanara oxm 1000 m. n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Cotini), xonro ce epar no npeme
na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AHHOBH TILIACEAE
Anna Tilia L.
1. Ho npeme na n]rexa nncrara orony rcro noxpnrn c penn enn snesonnnn nnacnnxn;
n rnnre mexy crpannunnre xnnxn es panuxa or epn nnacnnxn. Hneronere c 5 esnnonn
nenuennnn rnunnxn (cramnnonn) ........................ Fxna nnna T. tomentosa Moench
1*. Hncrara orony ronn c pexn, npocrn nnacnnxn; n rnnre na xnnxnre c panuxa.
Hneronere es cramnnonn......................2
2. Hncrara orony cnernosenenn, ncxann. Mnanre xnonxn n nnxnre
noxpnrn c nnacnnxn. Opexuero c rnpa, npnenxna onnnxa .........
................... Eponncrna nnna - T.platvphvllosScop.
2*. Hncrara orony cnnxanosenenn, maronn. Mnanre xnonxn n nnxnre
ronn. Opexuero c mexa, rpomnnna onnnxa.....................
................... penonncrna nnna T. cordata Mill.
(56)
Bnna nnna Tilia tomentosa Moench (T. argentea Desf.)
pno, nncoxo o 20 m, c nnaxnecrn mnan xnonxn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nrn 5-12 cm n
nourn ronxona mnpoxn, c pxxa, nra 2-6 cm, saxprnenn, saxprneno xnennnn, na npxa
nsnenx crecnenn, ocrpo nann-nenn, orony enonnnecrn. Hneronere cpann no 6-10 n
cnnerne nonycennnx, pxxara na xoro oxm cpeara e cpacnana c rnannara xnnxa na
ronxm, esnuecr, noxpnr c enesnnxann nnacnnxn xoxecr npnnneren nncr, nr o 10 cm n
mnpox 0,5-1,5 cm. uamxara 5-nncrna, cxopo onaama, nra 3,5-5,0 mm. Benuenncruerara
cmo 5, ronn, xnrennxann, nrn 4-7 mm, ennrnunn. Tnunnxnre mnoro. unnxr ropen.
Hnor rnpo opexue, nro o 1 cm, xocmaro (rano 17, ]nr. 2).
Pacre n mnpoxonncrnnre ropn n npennannncxnx n onnnx nnannncxn noxc oxm 1500 m n. n.
H]rn npes mnn n mnn.
Eponnc1na nnna Tilia platvphvllos Scop. (T. grandifolia Ehrh.)
pno, nncoxo o 40 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, saxprnenn, saxprneno xnennnn o
mnpoxo cpnennnn, cc cnao acnmerpnuna ocnona, xm npxa nocrenenno crecnenn, nrn
7-14 cm, mnpoxn 4-12 cm, or nere crpann enaxno senenn, nasenn, c pxxa, nra 2-6 cm.
Hneronere 2-5, onxnoneno 3. Hpncnnernnxr nncr nr 3,5-12,0 cm, mnpox 0,8-2,2 cm,
noxpnr cc snesonnnn nnacnnxn. uamenncruerara 5, nrn 4,5-7,5 mm, mnpoxn 2,0-3,5 mm,
noxpnrn c xonpnnenn nnacnnxn. Benuenncruerara 5, cnernoxnrn, nrn 6,0-8,5 mm, mnpoxn
1,8-2,5 mm. Tnunnxnre mnoro. unnxr ropen. Hnor rnpo opexue, nro o 1 cm.
Pacre ns xpacranann n ropn, no xamennnnn cxnonone n nxnara crpana, c nsxnmuenne na
pannnnnre, mexy 500 n 1000 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n mnn.
penonnc1na nnna Tilia cordata Mill. (T. parvifolia Ehrh.)
pno, nncoxo o 30 m. Hncrara nrn 3-9 cm n nourn ronxona mnpoxn, saxprnenn o mnpoxo
xnennnn, xm npxa nsnenx saocrpenn, cc cpnennna n cnao acnmerpnuna ocnona,
nenpannnno nasenn o nannnenn, orrope rmnosenenn, orony cnnxanosenenn, c pxxa,
nra o 6 cm. Hneronere 4-16, xaro npncnnernnxr nncr e ron, nr 1,5-10,0 cm, mnpox 0,7-
1,5 cm, nanneren. uamenncruerara 5, nrn 2,5-4,5 mm n mnpoxn 1,8-2,0 mm. Benuero 5-
nncrno, cnernoxnro, nncruerara nrn 6,0-8,5 mm, mnpoxn 1,8-2,5 mm. Tnunnxnre mnoro.
unnxr ropen. Opexuero mexo, rpomnnno, nro 4,5-5,5 mm.
Cpema ce n ropnre or mopcxoro pannnme oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cnnernxra c npnnnernnx nncr (pora Flores Tiliae
cum bracteis) nnn es npncnnernnxa (Flores Tiliae sine bracteis), xonro ce cnpar no npeme na
n]rexa. Hma ronxmo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
(57)
CEM. 3BTHHKOBH HYPERICACEAE
sn1 xan1apnon, neuena snsnnxa Hvpericum perforatum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nannno rono crno, nncoxo o 1 m, n ropnara cn uacr
cnnno pasxnoneno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, npncenann, nponronaro nnnenn o
ennnrnunn, nrn o 3 cm, mnpoxn o 1,5 cm, nenoxpann, c mnoroponn npocnernxnamn
xnesn, noonn na rounnn. B nasnnre na nncrara nnnarn nma cxcenn xnonxn. Hneronere
npannnnn, cpann n mernnuecrn, nourn cennnxonnnn cnnernx no npxonere na xnonxnre n
crnara. uamxara c 5 neonanamn, nenoxpann, nponronarn, saocrpenn nncruera.
Benuenncruerara cmo 5, snarncroxnrn, nourn 2 nrn no-nrn or uamxara, nrn 1,2-1,5
cm, mnpoxn 0,5-0,6 cm, no pa n n ropnara cn uacr c mnorouncnenn xnrn xnesn nn nn na
cnernn rouxn. Tnunnxnre mnoroponn, cpacnann n ocnonara cn n rpn cnonuera. Crnuerara
3, cnoonn. unnxr ropen. Hnor rpnrnesna, rpnpecra, pasnyxnnna mnorocemen-na
xyrnxa c mnoroponn xnrn xnesncrn mexypuera (rano 17, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce no cyxn rpenncrn mecra, ns xpacranann, ceunma, xpa nrnma n n ropnre na nxnara
crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn or ma o anrycr.
porara Herba Hyperici e npxnara onncrena n nneronocna uacr na crnoro, orpxsana na 25-
30 cm or npxa no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce mnpoxo n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar oxono 21 nnopacrxmn nna snnnxa, no neuenara ce ornnuana or ncnuxn
na-neue no rona, ue uamenncruerara ca nenoxpann (es xnesncrn snn), nncrara n
crnoro ca ronn, a crnuerara ca rpn na po.
3aoe.erra. Ce+. Te+euveoeu Jiolaceae, Tpueemua me+euvea Jiola tricolor L. (er. npu
ou.ru cc cuuu u cuuio-euo.emoeu eemoee).
CEM. THKBOBH CUCURBITACEAE
1. Vnnnno pacrenne c mycrauxn. Hnor ronuecr, uepen, rnax......
.......................... nna rnxna Brvonia alba L.
1 *. Heynnnno pacrenne es mycrauxn. Hnor nponronaro ennnrnuen, senen, noxpnr c
mnnuera . . . Hpxano Ecbalium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.
Hspxano, nya xpac1annna Ecbalium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc crenemo ce no semxra nnn npn-nonnramo ce crno,
nro o 1 m n noneue, noxpnro c rpyn uernnxn. Hncrara cpnennnn nnn nenpannnno
rpnrnnn, ne mnoro naenenn n nasenn, nrn 3,5-12 cm, mnpoxn 3-12 cm, c nncrna
pxxa, nra o 15 cm, orrope rmnosenenn c pexn uernnxn, orony cnernosenenn, rcro
xconnaxnec-rn, no xnnxnre c uernnxn. Hneronere enonononn, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na
nncrara. Mxxnre cpann no nxxonxo n rposnonnnn cnnernx na pxxa, xoxro e panna nnn
no-nra or pxxara na cornernnx nncr. Xencxnre nnerone ennnunn, pasnonoxenn o
mxxnre cnnernx na nra pxxa, xoxro nsnnsa or nasnara na nncrara. uamxara
snnuennna, 5-enna, nra 3,5-5,0 mm, nnaxnecra. Benuenncruerara cmo 5, neoxnrn,
cpacnann snnue-nnno, c 5 xna na npxa, ornn rcronnaxnecrn. Tnunnxnre 5, or rxx 4
cpacnann no noxn, a nerara cnoona. unnxr onen. Hnor nponronar,
(58)
nr 4-5 cm, noxpnr c onnnn uernnxn, xnro-senen. Cemenara uepnn, nsnnsar excnnosnnno
npn orxcnanero na nnoa npes opasynanara ce ynxa. O1ponno!(rano 17, ]nr. 4).
Ho necxnnnn mecra, xpa nrnma n nsxonn. Cpema ce no nxnoro uepnomopcxo xpapexne n
ryx-ram n Tpaxncxara nnsnna oxm 400 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar neyspennre nnoone (pora Fructus Ecbalii). Hamnpa
npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
nna 1nxna Brvonia alba L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c een, penonnen, mececr xopen, ornn xnrennxan,
nrpe xn n c xarepnnno crno, nro o 4 m, cnaeno c mycrauxn, upes xonro ce npnxpenna
xm pyrn pacrennx. Hncrara nocneonarennn, n omoro cn ouepranne mnpoxo rpnrnnn,
nanennno 5-ennn, xaro xnonere ca mnpoxo o rxcno rpnrnnn, nepannomepno nasenn,
or nere crpann paannuecro uernnecrn. Ocnonara nm e cpnennna. Herypnre nrn 2,5-8,5
cm, mnpoxn 1,5-6,5 cm, a nncrnara pxxa nra 1,5-6 cm. Enoomno pacrenne. Mxxnre
nnerone cpann no 8-16 n rposoannn cnne-rnx na nra pxxa (3-15 cm) n nasnnre na
ropnnre nncra, a camnre nnernn pxxn nrn 0,3-2,5 cm. Xencxnre nnerone cpann no 4-10
n mnronnnn cnnernx na pxxa, nra 1,5-5,5 cm, n nasnnre na onnnre nncra. uamxara n
nenuero 5-ennn; uamxonara rpnna nra o 4 mm, c rxcno rpnrnnn snn, nrn 1,5-3,0
mm, npn xencxnre nnerone pannn na nenuero. Benuenncruerara nrn 3,5-5,0 mm, mnpoxn 2,5-
3,5 mm, cnnxanoxnrn o xnrennxano-enn, rcronnxnecrn, c 4-6 senenn nsnxnann xnnxn.
Tnunnxnre 5 ena cnoona, a pyrnre cpacnann 2 no 2. unnxr onen, c eno crnue n
c ronn nnsanna. Hnor ronuecr, 6-8 mm n namerp, xprn, uepen, couen. O1ponno!(rano
18, ]nr. 1).
Hs xpacranann, npenmno no nnaxnn mecra, xpa pexn n no nnernma xaro ypen. Cpema ce n
nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
Hsnonsyna ce xopenr (pora Radix Bryoniae albae), xoro ce nsnaxa npen n]rexa. Hamnpa
mnpoxo npnnoxenne n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpema ome enn nn nna rnxna Brvonia dioica Jacq. (xnra nna rnxna). Tx e c
xnr nnn uepnen nno, uamxara npn xencxnre nnerone e nanononnna no-xca or nenuero,
nnsannero e nnaxnecro.
CEM. BTPBOBKOBH ONAGRACEAE (OENOTHERACEAE)
Hynanxa Oenothera biennis L, (Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.)
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne, mexonnnecro, c nsnpaneno, onxnoneno nepasxnoneno
crno, nncoxo o 150 cm. B ocnonara my ce namnpa poserxa or nncra c pxxn, nponronaro
oparno xnennnn nnn nponronarn, rnn, nasenn nnn nourn nenoxpann, c ocrp npx,
nrn 5-10 cm, mnpoxn o 4 cm. Crnennre nncra nocneonarennn, na xca pxxa,
saocrpenn, nponronaro nannernn, n ocnonara xnnnonnnn, cnrno nasenn. Hneronere epn,
nrn 2-3 cm, npannnnn. uamxara c 4 saocrpenn xna, opnarn nasa, nnaxnecrn.
Benuenncruerara oparno xnennnn, na npxa nnnrxo nnnarn, nrn 2-5 cm,
cnernoxnrn. Tnunnxnre 8, or xonro 4 no-nrn. unnxr onen n c eno crnue. Hnor
xyrnxa, nra 1-4 cm, nnaxnecra, (rano 18, ]nr. 2).
(59)
Ho xamennnnn mecra n xpa nrnma ryx-ram n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna nasemnara my uacr c nneronere (pora Herba
Oenotherae).
CEM. PRHOBH CORNACEAE
pnn Cornus mas L.
Xpacr nnn pnue, nncoxo o 8 m, c nnaxnecrn senennxann mnan xnonxn, no-xcno ronn.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nrn 4-10 cm, xnennnn nnn ennnrnunn, saocrpenn,
xconnaxnecrn, nenoxpann. Hneronere xnrn, cpann n cennnxonnnn cnnernx c 4
onnnnn nncruera, nynononn, no noneuero nmar camo rnunnxn; noxnxnar ce pano nanponer
npen pasnncrnanero. uamxara ena saenexnma, ccranena or 4 suera. Benuenncruerara 4,
nannernn. Tnunnxnre cmo 4, rpn nrn no-xcn or nenuero. unnxr onen. Hnor
(pxnxa) xocrnnxon, nponronar, c uepnena mececra uacr, nr 12-15 mm. Vspxna anrycr
oxromnpn (rano 18, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce ns ropn n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn npes ]enpyapn n
mapr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnoonere (pora Fructus Corni). Vnorpexna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. CEHHHKOHBETHH - APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)
1. Hncrara mnpoxo ennnrnunn, ncnuxn nnn camo na-ropnnre oxnamar crnoro......
Kprnonncrna ypoxa Bupleurum rotundifoliumL.
l*. Hncrara napxsann, pasenenn nnn nepecrn...............2
2. xnonere na nncrara nnnenn nnn nnmxonnnn, no- recnn or 0,5 cm . 3
2*. xnonere na nncrara no-mnpoxn or 0,5 cm, ennnrnunn, xnennnn
nnn xnnnonnnn, nenoxpann, nasenn nnn napxsann.............6
3. xnonere na nncrara nourn nnmxonnnn nnn rxcno nannernn, nrn o 2 cm n noneue
...................................4
3*. xnonere na nncrara nannernn, recnonnnenn nnn nnmxonnnn, no ne no-nrn or 1 cm
........ Hpanroc Prangos fenilacea (L.) Lindl.
4.Hnernnre pxxn npn ocnonara cn c onnnxa or nncruera........
..................... Camonncxa rpena PeucedanumL.
4*. Hnernnre pxxn npn ocnonara cn es onnnxa na nncruerara .... 5
5. Hnouerara orxm rpa nourn cnnecxann nnn cnao noyrn. Enoronmno pacrenne.
Cnnernero cpxa 30-50 nua................
.......................... Konp Anethum graveolens L.
5*. Hnouerara orxm rpa cnnno nsyrn. Mnororonmno pacrenne. Cnnernero cpxa
10-25 nua .... Mopau Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
6. Inannnre nun na ncxxo cnnerne npn ocnonara cn es onnnxa or
nncruera, pxxo c onnnxa or eno nncrue.....................
......................... Hampnax Pastinaca sativa L.
6*. Inannnre nun na ncxxo cnnerne npn ocnonara cn c onnnxa or nncruera .............
Cnnpcxn enncnn Herucleum sibiricum L.
(60)
Pesene Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Mnororonmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c xprno, rnxo pepncro n cnnno
pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 2,5 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, n omoro cn ouepranne
xnennno rpnrnnn, 3-4 nrn nepecro pasceuenn, onnnre na pxxn, ropnnre npncenann
na pasmnpenn nnarannma, xaro xnonere nm ca nnneno nnmxonnnn nnn nnneno
mnnonnnn, na npxa saocrpenn, ronn. Hncrnnre nnarannma nrn 3-6 cm, rxcno
nponronarn, no xpax nnnecrn, xm npxa pasmnpenn. Hneronere cpann n cnoxnn cennn-
nn o 15 cm n namerp, ccranenn or 4 o 30 neenaxnn no nxnna ronn nua, es onnnnn
nncruera, xaxro npn ocnonara na rnannnre nun, raxa n n ocnonara na cennnuerara. uamxa
nnncna. Benuero xnro, c 5 mnpoxo xnennnn nncruera, nrn oxono 1 mm n nourn ronxona
mnpoxn. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen. Hnoonere ronn, nrn 4-10 mm, xnennno
nponronarn (rano 19, ]nr. 1).
Kynrnnnpa ce. Tyx-ram ce cpema n xaro nonnxno pacrenne n Cpena cenepna n
Ceneponsrouna Fnrapnx, Tpaxncxara nnsnna n Poonnre oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn. B mennnnara ce ynorpexnar yspennre nnoone (pora Fructus Foeniculi).
Konsp Anethum graveolens L.
Enoronmno rono pacrenne cc cnnna mnpnsma. Crnoro ennnuno, nsnpaneno, npocro nnn
pasxnoneno, nnnnnpnuno, rnaxo, nncoxo o 120-130 cm, rmnoseneno, c peynamn ce
enesnnxann n senennxann nanxnn nnnnn. Hncrara rpono o uernopno nepecrn, n omoro
cn ouepranne xnennnn, c nnneno nnmxonnnn nnn c nourn uernnonnnn nocnenn enue-
ra; onnnre nncra na pxxa, nra 1,5-3,5 cm, xoxro n ocnonara cn ce pasmnpxna n
nponronaro nro nnarannme (1,5-2,0 cm), no pa cn mnpoxo nnnecro; ropnnre nncra
npncenann na nnarannmara no-penn n no-manxo pasceuenn. Hneronere cpann n cnnernx
cennnnn c namerp o 15 cm, ccranenn or 30-50 nua. uamxa nnncna. Benuero xnro, c 5
nourn saxprnenn n na npxa cn npxsann nncruera, nrn 1,2-1,5 mm. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr
onen. Hnouerara nrn 5-6 mm, xnennnn nnn mnpoxo ennnrnunn, orxm rpa cnnecxann,
a no xpanmara nsnxnann, c 5 nsnxnann pepa, or xonro rpnnre ca no-ocrpn (rano 18,
]nr. 4).
B nno ccroxnne ce cpema camo no cxannre xpa uepno mope (na mr or Hecep) n xpa
ynan. Kynrnnnpa ce oaue n nxnara crpana. H]rn npes mnn n anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nnoonere (pora Fructus Anethi). Hsnonsyna ce
mnpoxo n naponara mennnna.
Hpanroc Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno pecro rono crno, nncoxo 60-150 cm, cc
cpemynonoxno nnn nourn npemnenecro pasnonoxenn pasxnonennx. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
ronn, mnoroxparno nepecro napxsann na nnneno-nannernn o nourn nnmxonnnn enuera, n
omoro cn ouepranne mnpoxo xnennnn o nponronaro ennnrnunn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra c
pxxa, nra 30-40 cm n c nerypa, nra 50-80 cm, n ocnonara cn pasenena na rpn xna,
ncexn or xonro e 4-5 nrn nepecro pasceuen. Harope nncrara namanxnar no pasmep, xaro na-
ropnnre ca npncenann n c nnarannme, o-
(61)
xnamamo crnoro. Cennnnnre ccranenn or 6-18 nua, c onnnxa or nncruera n ocnonara na
rnannnre nun n na nnernnre pxxn. uamxara na npxa nourn nenoxpana, es snn.
Benuero xnro, nro oxono 1 mm, c nenn nenuenncruera, unnro npxuera ca sannrn nanrpe.
Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen. Hnor ep, cnaen no pa n na rpa c ope pasnnrn
nnnecrn xpnnna, nr 10-25 cm (rano 19, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn n rpenncrn mecra n Rronsrouna Fnrapnx mxnara uacr na
uepnomopcxoro xpapexne n Tynxancxara xnmncra pannnna. H]rn ma mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Kpsrnonnc1na ypoxa Bupleurum rotundifoHum L.
Enoronmno cnno-seneno, uecro uacrnuno uepneneemo pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnnnnpnuno
crno, onxnoneno n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, nncoxo 15-75 cm. Hncrara npocrn,
nocneonarennn, npnocnonnnre n onnnre crnenn c pxxn nnn nourn npncenann,
oxnamamn crnoro, oparno xnennnn o nponronaro ennnrnunn, nrn 5-7 cm, mnpoxn
2-3 cm; cpennre crnenn nncra no-penn, ennnrnunn nnn xnennnn, rnn nnn xco
saocrpenn, nnocxn nnn cnao ]ynnennnn cc saxprnena ocnona, n onnara cn uacr
nponnsann or crnoro; xm npxa cranar nce no-penn, xnennnn nnn nourn xprnn,
nponnsann or crnoro. Hneronere cpann n cennnnn or no 5-10 rnannn nua, c pxxn,
nrn 2-4 cm, es nncruera npn ocnonara cn. Bcexn cennnx c 8-12 nnxra, c 5-6 xnennnn,
saocrpenn nncruera npn ocnonara nm. uamxa nnncna. Benuenncruerara xnrn, nrn 0,5-0,7
mm, cc sannr nanrpe npx. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen. Hnor onanen, nr 2,5-3,5 mm,
orcrpann cnnecxan, c xcnn nanxnn pepa (rano 19, ]nr. 3).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn n rpenncrn mecra, xpa nrnma n cnnypn xaro ypen. Cpema ce pxxo n
nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Hncsuna cauonncxa 1pena Peucedanum arenarium W. K.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c macnnen neprnxanen xopen. Crnoro rono, nsnpaneno, n
ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, rnxo napaseno, nncoxo 90-150 cm. Hncrara 3-4 nrn nepecrn,
nrn o 45 cm, mnpoxn o 30 cm, nponronaro xnennnn o nourn xprnn, na pxxn,
nrn 3-8 cm; xpannre xnone nrn o 15 mm, mnpoxn o 6 mm, nponronarn o nnnenn.
Cpennre crnenn nncra npocro nepecrn, na pxxn, nrn 1,5-2,5 cm, mnpoxo oxnamamn
crnoro, a na-ropnnre nncra peynnpann o mnpoxn nnarannma nnn manxn npocrn
nncruera. Cnoxnnre cennnnn (2-14 na po), nrn o 15 cm, ronn, es onnnxa nnn c 1 -2
nnnenn o nponronarn saocrpenn nncruera, nrn 5-9 mm. Cennnnnre mnoronnernn, xaro n
ocnonara na nnernnre pxxn ce namnpar mnoroponn nnneno-nannernn o nnmxo-nnnn
npnnnernnnn, nrn o 15 mm. uamxa nnncna. Benuero xnro, nro 1,8-2,3 mm, c 5
xnennnn o nourn xprnn nncruera. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen. Hnoonere
ennnconnnn, nrn 5-11 mm, cnnecxann, ronn, c 3 nsnxnann pepa n mnpoxn xpnna (rano
19, ]nr. 4).
Ho xpamopcxnre nxcnn, no cyxn rpenncrn mecra n xamennnnn repenn n no-ronxmara uacr or
crpanara oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
V nac ca nponeenn ycnemnn excnepnmenrn sa neuenne na nxxon onecrn c xopena n spennre
nnoone.
(62)
Hamspnax Pastinaca sativa L.
nyronmno pacrenne c nperenonnen, nonxxora penonnen,. saeenen xopen. Hpes npnara
ronna pasnnna cnonue nepecrn nncra na nrn pxxn, a npes nropara crno, xoero e
nsnpaneno, xyxo, rono, napaseno, pasxnoneno, nncoxo 30-100 cm. Hncrara npocro nepecrn, c
2-7 noxn nncruera, xonro ca npncenann, ennnconnnn o nannerno-ennnconnnn, nrn o
11 cm, mnpoxn 8 cm, nasenn, orony rpanano nnaxnecrn, npnocnonnnre nncra na pxxn,
nrn o 15 cm. Hncrara n omoro cn ouepranne ennnconnnn, nrn o 20 cm, namanxnamn
xm npxa na crnoro, xaro ropnnre npemnnanar n xnnnonnno nnarannme. Hnernnre
cennnnn nmar or 5 o 20 rnannn nua, es nncruera n ocnonara nm. Cennnuerara ca c no 6-15
nneruera, c ennnunn npnnnernnnn nnn es npnnnernnnn, c pxxn, nrn o 6 mm. uamxa
nnncna. Benuero xnro, nro o 2,5 mm, c 5 sannrn nanrpe nncruera. Tnunnxnre 5.
unnxr onen. Hnor nr 5-7 mm, mnpoxo ennnconnen, cnnecxan, ron, c nnnecr p n 5
nanxnn pepa npxy nnmnara my crpana (rano 20, ]nr.3).
Hs nnnan, nnaxnn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana o xm 1500 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n
anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar xopenr n cemenara na nampnaxa (pora Radix
Pastinacae et Semen Pastinacae). B nnreparypara nma annn, ue n nncrara ce ynorpexnar sa
neuenne. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Cnnpcxn enncnn Heracleum sibiricum L.
nyronmno, no-pxxo mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c een xn-rennxanoxn xopen,
nooen na mopxon. Crnoro nsnpaneno, pecro, napaseno, xyxo, noxpnro c ocrpn
uernnxn, n ropnara cn uacr c nocneonarennn nnn oruacrn cpemynonoxnn xnonxn, nourn o 2
m nncoxo. Hpnocnonnnre nncra epn, nrn 15-30 cm, neun]ronepecrn, c xneonnna pxxa,
xoxro nocrenenno npemnnana n nncrno nnarannme. Crnennre nncra c 2-3 noxn nncruera
nnn noxo nspxsann, c ynxeno xnennnn o mnpoxo nannernn, nepannomepno nasenn
nnn napxsann na xnone nncruera, nrn o 25 cm, mnpoxn 15 cm, ronn nnn pasnpcnaro
nnaxnecrn; npxnoro nncrue (xn) na-ronxmo, rpnenno. Hpn nxxon ]opmn ncnuxn nncra ca
rponn, c ena noxa crpannunn nncruera. Cnnernero c 15-25 nua, nrn o 17 cm, es
nncruera npn ocnonara cn. Orennnre nnerone na pxxn, nrn 7-11 mm, xonro npn
nnoonomennero nourn ce ynoxnar, npn ocnonara cn c 1-10 penn nannernn o nnmxonnnn
npnnnernnnn, nrn o 1 cm, Benuero senennxanoxnro, 5-nncrno, nro o 2.5 mm.
Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen, c nypasenno nnsanne. Hnor ennnrnuen, orxm rpa
cnnecxan, no xpax nnnecro xpnnar, nr 7-9 mm, ron. Bapnpa (rano 20, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn cenuecrn mecra xpa pexn n noronn n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 2000 m n. n. H]rn
npes mnn n anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Heraclei) n xopenr
(Radix Heraclei). Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
B namnre nnannnn ce cpema ome enn nn enncnn Heracleum verticillatum Panc., xoro e c
enn nnerone, a pasxnonennxra n ropnara uacr na crnoro my ca pasnonoxenn
npemnenonnno.
(63)
CPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Xpacrn nnn nncxn pnuera ........................2
1*. Tpenncrn pacrennx .............................3
2. Hncrara nocneonarennn, rpnennn. Tnunnxnre 2 ............
................... Xpnmen,cmnn Jasminum fructicans L.
2*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, neun]ronepecrn, c 3-7 nncruera. Tnunnxnre 3-5...................
uepnen s Sambucus racemosa L.
3. unnxr onen nnn nonyonen......................4
3*. unnxr ropen...............................6
4. Hneronere cpann n rnannuxn n oxpxenn c oma onnnxa or na-ropnnre nncra, xonro
onxnoneno ca nnonsmenenn..............5
4*. Hneronere ne ca cpann n rnannuxn, pxxo opasynar rnannuxn n n raxn cnyua ca es
oma onnnxa nnn nncrara ca cpann n npemnenn, no 4 nnn noneue...................
Cem.Fpomonn Rubiaceae
5. Tnunnxnre 4, cnoonn ............................
........... Xnrennxana camorpnsxa Scabiosa ochroleuca L.
5*. Tnunnxnre 5, cpacnann c npamnnnnre cn .................
...................... Cem.Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae
6. unnxr nnmno pasenen na 4 uacrn, mexy xonro nsnnsa crnuero. Hnor ce pasnaa
na 4 (pxxo na 2) opexuera, nexamn n noro na uamxara ...........................................7
6*. unnxr nxn................................8
7. Tnunnxnre 5, nenuero npannnno, nncrara nocneonarennn........
........................... Meennx Cerinthe minor L.
7*. Tnunnxnre 4, nenuero nenpannnno, nyycrno, nncrara cpemynonoxnn ....................... Cem.
Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae
8. Hneronere nenpannnnn, uecro nyycrnn ..................
.................... Cem.Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae
8*. Hneronere npannnnn............................9
9. Tnunnxnre pasnonoxenn cpemy neneunnre xnone ............
......................... Cem.Hrnnxonn Primulaceae
9*. Tnunnxnre pasnonoxenn cpemy mexnnnre na neneunnre xnone . 10
10. Hncrara nocneonarennn ..........................
................... Fnxn, nonanxa HvoscvamusnigerL.
10*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn.........................11
11. Benuero ncxonnno, nnocxo, nourn npannnno. Tnunnxnre 5, ne ronn, ocranannre
nnaxnecrn ............... Honen Jerbascum L.
11*. Benuero c ope pasnnra rpnna. Tnunnxnre 5, ncnuxn ronn.....
.............................. Tnnrxna Gentiana L.
CEM. HIAHKOBH PRIMULACEAE
Hrnnxa Primula L.
1. Fes cnnerne nnernnre pxxn nsnnsar nanpano or xopennmero . . ..................
Fescrnena nrnnxa P. vulgaris Huds.
1*. Hneronere cpann n cnnerne c ope pasnnra oma pxxa .... 2
2. Hncrara xnennno-nonaronnnn, crecnenn nsnenx n mnpoxa xpnnara pxxa.
Tpnnara na nenuero snaunrenno no-nra or namerpa na xoponxara my.................
Heuena nrnnxa P.verisL.
2*. Hncrara nponronaro ennnrnunn, nocrenenno crecnenn n mnpoxa
(64)
xpnnara pxxa. Tpnnara na nenuero panna na namerpa na xoponxara nnn opn no-xca or
nex....... Bncoxa nrnnxa P.elatior (L.) Hill.
Besc1snena nrnnxa Primula vulgaris Huds. (P. acaulis Jacq)
Fescrnenara nrnnxa e mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme, es crno.
Bcnuxn nncra pasnonoxenn n poserxa, oparno nannernn o nonaronnnn, npemnnanamn
nocrenenno n nexcno nspasena pxxa, saeno c nex nrn 5-30 cm, n mnpoxn 2-10 cm, na
npxa saxprnenn, no pa nepannomepno-nasenn o nnnonnnn, orrope ronn, orony no
xnnxnre nnaxnecrn. Hneronere ennnunn, na nra nnaxnecra pxxa (o 15 cm), nsnnsama
nanpano or cpeara na nncrnara poserxa, onxnoneno no nxxonxo na po. uamxara or 5
cpacnann n rpnna nncruera, sanpmnama c 5 sena, nra 1 -2 cm, nnaxnecra. Benuero
xnro, pxxo xno nnn posono, c 5 cpacnann n rpnna (nra o 18 mm) nncruera,
sanpmnama c pasnepena xoponxa, 2-4 cm n namerp. Tn-unnxnre 5, pasnonoxenn cpemy
neneunnre xnone. unnxr ropen. Hnor nnnnnpnuna xyrnxa, nra o 10 mm (rano 21,
]nr. 1).
Hs xpacranann n ropn n Herpnuxo, Cranxe nmnrponcxo, Cnanxnxa nnannna, Rrosanana
Fnrapnx (Iono po, Konxncxa nnannna n p.), n Hsrouna Crapa nnannna, Crpanxa,
Hsrounn Poonn n p. H]rn mapr ma. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bncoxa nrnnxa Primula elatior(L.) Hill.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco eeno xopennme. Bcnuxn nncra cpann n poserxa,
xnennnn o ennnrnunn, nocrenenno npemnnanamn n xpnnara pxxa, nrn 5-20 cm,
mnpoxn 3-8 cm, nenoxpann o cnrno nasenn, orrope nourn ronn, orony nnaxnecrn.
Hneronere cpann no 5-15 na npxa na oma pxxa, nncoxa o 40 cm. pxxnre na
orennnre nnerone nrn 1,5-3,0 cm, nnaxnecrn. uamxara c 5 cpacnann n rpnna nncruera,
nncoxa o 15 mm, nnaxnecra n sanpmnama c ocrpn nannernn suera. Benuero cmo or 5
nncruera, cpacnann n rpnna, nra 10-15 mm; c pasnepena xoponxa, c npxsann na npxa
nncruera, mnpoxa o 2 cm, cnernoxnra. Tnunnxnre 5. Hnor nnnnnpnuna xyrnxa, nra
o 2 cm (rano 21, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn xamennnnn n cxannn nonxnn nn nncoxonnannncxnx noxc na Cpena n 3anana
Crapa nnannna, Cpenn n 3anann Poonn, Pnna, Hnpnn, Bnroma. H]rn or anpnn o anrycr.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Aeuena nrnnxa Primula veris L. (P. officinalis Hill.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco, eeno neprnxanno xopennme, or xoero nsnnsar
mnoroponn eenn, cnao pasxnonenn xopenn. Crnoro nnncna. Bcnuxn nncra cpann n
npnocnonna poserxa, xnenn-no-nonaronnnn, nrn 5-20 cm, mnpoxn 2-6 cm, crecnenn
nsnenx n mn-poxoxpnna pxxa, no pa cn nnnonnno nasenn, orony nnaxnecrn.
Hneronere snarncroxnrn, cpann n cennnx, pasnonoxen na npxa na nneronocnnx crpx,
xoro ocrnra o 30 cm nncounna, opnar na ena crpana, c pxxn nrn 1-2 cm, nnaxnecrn.
uamxara rpecra, nra 8-15 mm, o 13 or nxnnara cn pasceuena na rpnrnnn snn,
peacnnuecro nnaxnecra. Benuero c 5 cpacnann n nra rpnna nncruera n 5-enna pasnepena
xoponxa, n namerp 8-28 mm. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Hnor xyrnxa (rano 21, ]nr.
3).
(65)
Cpema ce ns ropn, xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn nn ncnuxn nnannncxn n npennannncxn
onacrn na Fnrapnx oxm 2600-2700 m n. n. H]rn or mapr o mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopennre, xopennmero (Radix et Rhizoma Primulae),
nncrara (Folia Primulae) n nneronere (Flores Primulae). Hamnpar npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
Kopennre n xopennmero ce nsxonanar npes ecenra (cenremnpn oxromnpn), xoraro nncrara
sanounar a ynxxnar. Hncrara n nneronere ce epar n nauanoro na n]rexa saeno c uamxara
nnn camo nenuero.
V nac nma ome nxxonxo nna nnopacrxmn nrnnxn, no ncnuxn ca c ronn nnernn pxxn n
uamxa.
Bncoxara nrnnxa cmo ce nsnonsyna n mennnnara.
CEM. MACAHHOBH OLEACEAE
Xpnmen, cunn Jasminum fruticans L.
Hsnpanen xpacr, nncox 1-3 m, c nocneonarennn nonyxoxecrn rponn nncra, pxxo c no eno
nnn ne nncruera, xonro ca oparno xnennnn, nponronaro onannn nnn rxcno
ennnconnnn, nrn 0,6-2,0 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1,0 cm, xm ocnonara crecnenn, na npxa
saxprnenn, ronn, camo no pa pecnnuecrn, na xca pxxa. Cpenoro nncrue onxnoneno
no-epo or crpannunnre. Hneronere cpann no 2-5 n nonycennnuera no npxonere na
crpannunnre xnonxn. uamxara xco snnuennna, c 5 mnnonnnn xna, pannn nnn no-nrn or
rpnnara . Benuero xpxoxnro, c rxcna nnnnnpnuna rpnna, 2 nrn no-nra or uamxara,
c 5-enna xoponxa, o 2 cm n namerp. Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr ropen. Hnor uepna
c]epnuna xroa, 3-6 mm n namerp (rano 21, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann n xamennnnn, cxannn repenn no uepnomopcxoro xpapexne, n Hsrouna Crapa
nnannna, Crpymcxara onnna, Tpaxncxara nnsnna, Hsrounn Poonn n Tynxancxara
xnmncra pannnna oxm 700 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara
mennnna.
CEM.THHTRBOBH - GENTIANACEAE
Tnn1nna Gentiana L.
1. Benuero cncem xnro, nourn o ocnonara paseneno na nnnenn xnone ......................
Xnra rnnrxna G. lutea L.
1*. Benuero xnro n rcro noxpnro c rmnouepnenn rouxn, nourn 34 or nxnnara cn
cpacnano n rpnna . . Hernncra rnnrxna G. punctata L.
sn1a 1nn1nna Gentiana lutea L.
Mnororonmno rono rpenncro pacrenne c pasxnoneno eeno (o 2-3 cm n namerp), xco (5-
7 cm nro) xopennme, c epn crpannunn xopenn. Kopennmero, no xoero ce nnxar
npcrenonnnn cnen or nsmpenn nncra, npemnnana nocrenenno n rnanecr ocon xopen,
nnnnnpnuen, mececr, nr 60-90 cm, mnpox 5-10 cm n namerp. Hpes npnnre 3-4 ronnn
pacrennero o-
(66)
pasyna npnocnonna poserxa c epn ennnrnunn rmnosenenn nncra, a na 4-5 ronna nspacrnar
eno nnn nxxonxo, nncoxn o 1,5 m, ronn, xyxn, nsnpanenn, nepasxnonenn crna. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, ronn, nenoxpann, c ronnno xnnxynane, peynamn ce na xpcr, onnnre
onanno ennnrnunn, xm npxa saocrpenn, epn (23-25 cm nrn n 12-13 cm mnpoxn), crecnenn
n pxxa, nra o 10 cm. Harope crnennre nncra namanxnar no pasmepn, cpennre c xca
pxxa, a ropnnre npncenann, cpacnann npn ocnonara cn n xco nnarannme. Hneronere
cpann no 3-10 n cnonuera, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na ropnnre 3-7 noxn nncra n na npxa
na crnoro, na xca pxxa (o 15 mm nra). uamxara rpecra, or 5 cpacnann nnnecrn
nncruera, nra 10-12 mm. Benuero xnro, nro 18-25 mm, nourn 2 nrn no-nro or
uamxara, rpecro. Tnunnxnre 5, ronn, cc cpacnann npamnnnn. unnxr ropen. Hnor
nponronara uernpnenna xyrnxa, nra o 6 cm, pasnyxnama ce na ne uacrn (rano 22,
]nr. 1).
Cpema ce no xamennnnn mecra n ccecrno c ropnara rpannna na ropara n Cpena Crapa
nnannna, Bnroma, Cpenn Poonn (ennncxo, Cmonxncxo), Pnna n Hnpnn. H]rn npes mnn n
anrycr.
Mennnncxo snauenne nmar xopennre n xopennmero (Radix Gentianae), xonro ce nsxonanar
npes anrycr noemnpn cne ormnpanero na nasemnara uacr na 3-4 ronmnn exsemnnxpn.
Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
Koraro ce cnpa xnra rnnrxna, rpxna a ce nnnmana a ne ce nsxonae xopennmero na
xnara uemepnxa (Jeratnim album L). xoero e orponno. To nocnnxna, axo ce nanpann ona
npoa, r xaro cpxa cxopxna, xoxro npn xnrara rnnrxna nnncna.
He1nnc1a 1nn1nna Gentiana punctata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco, eeno neprnxanno xopennme. Crnoro ennnuno,
nepasxnoneno, nncoxo 20-60 cm, rono, n ocnonara cn c xcn nncruera, nrn o 2 cm. Hncrara,
pasnonoxenn no crnoro, ca xnennnn, ennnrnunn o oparno xnennnn, saocrpenn,
onnnre nrn 5-15 cm, mnpoxn 5-8 cm, cpemynonoxnn, na-uecro c 5 xnnxn, na-onnnre
crecnenn n xca pxxa, narope namanxnamn no pasmepn, npncenann, nenoxpann. Hneronere
cpann na rpynn no nxxonxo n nasnnre na na-ropnnre ne noxn nncra, npncenann.
uamxara snnuennna, nra 5-8 mm, mnoro no-xca or nenuero, nourn es snn. Benuero
nro 1,7-3,5 cm, a n namerp 6-16 mm, nnnecro, xnro, rcro noxpnro c rmnouepnenn
rouxn, 5-8-enno, xaro snnre ca no-xcn or neneunara rpnna. Tnunnxnre ca ronxona,
xonxoro n xnonere na nenuero, ornauano cpacnann, no-xcno cc cnoonn npamnnnn, ronn.
unnxr ropen. Hnor enornesna xyrnxa (rano 22, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn n xamennnnn cxannn nonxnn n Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Pnna n
Hnpnn na 1500 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. IPAHABOAHCTHH BORAGINACEAE
Meennx Cerinthe minor L.
nyronmno, no-pxxo enoronmno nnn mnororonmno pacrenne. Crnoro nncoxo 15-60
cm, npano nnn pxxo n ocnonara cn nonernano, rono,
(67)
n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno. Hpnocnonnnre nncra (nscxnar pano) nponronaro
nonaronnnn, nrn o 15 cm, nocrenenno crecnenn n xpnnara pxxa; rnn; onnnre
crnenn nncra nponronaro nannernn, xnnnonnno crecnenn; ropnnre xnennnn,
oxnamamn crnoro cc cpnennnara cn ocnona, rnn, uecro c enn nerna, ronn,
nenoxpann, nocneonarennn. Hneronere pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na nncrara na nra pxxa,
npn ocnonara cn c nponronarn nannernn cpnennnn npnnnernnnn. uamxara nourn o
ocnonara cn pasceuena na 5 neenaxnn rnn xna, no xpax pecnnuecra. Benuero rpecro,
npannnno, nro 9-14 mm, nourn na nrn no-nro or uamxara, pasceueno o nononnnara or
nxnnara cn, c 5 nsnpanenn nannernn sena, npn ocnonara nm uecro c xpxouepnenn nerna.
Tnunnxnre 5, ronn, xaro npamnnnnre nm n ocnonara cn ca crpenonnnn, a na npxa saocrpenn.
unnxr nnmno pasenen na 4 uacrn, mexy xonro nsnnsa crnuero. Hnor ce pasnaa na
4 xnennnn, saxprnenn opexuera, nrn o 3 mm (rano 22, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn ma cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. YCTHOHBETHH - LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
1. Benuero c mnoro xca ropna ycrna, nourn enoycrno...........
............................... Cpemnnue Afuga L.
1*. Benuero xcno nyycrno...........................2
2. Tnunnxnre xcn, nannno cxpnrn n rpnnara na nenuero........
.................. Hnpnncxn ua, maxcnue Sideritis L.
2*. Tnunnxnre crpuar na rpnnara na nenuero..............
...............................Pannnncr Stachvs L.
Onxnoneno cpemnnue Afuga chamaepitvs (L.) Schreb.
Enoronmno, no-pxxo nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mnoroponn
nexamn nnn npnnonnramn ce uernpnpecrn crna, nncoxn 5-20 cm, noxpnrn, xaxro n
nncrara, c nrn enn mexn nnacnnxn. Hncrara noxo 3-ennn, c recnonnnenn nenoxpann
enuera, cpemynonoxnn, nrn 1-3 cm, mnpoxn 1-1,5 mm. Hneronere no enn na xca pxxa
(1-1,5 mm nra), pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na ropnnre npnnnernn nncra, xonro ca no-nrn or
nneronere. uamxara snnuennna, nra 5-6 mm, nxnara noxpnra c enn nnacnnxn. Benuero,
nro 10-16 mm, 2-3 nrn no-nro or uamxara, nnaxnecro, c mnoro xca npxsana ropna ycrna,
onnara rpnenna. B ocnonara na neneunara rpnna ornrpe ce namnpa npcren or nnacnnxn.
Tnunnxnre 4, ne or xonro no-xcn. Hnoonere opexuera (rano 22, ]nr. 4).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, ns nnnn, xpa xn nnnnn n nxnara crpana. H]rn anpnn
oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ca pasnpocrpanenn ome 4 nna cpemnnuera, no rpn or rxx ca cc cnnn nnerone. Camo
nponncrnoro cpemnnue (A. saticifolia Schreb.) nma xnrn nnerone n npnnnua na
naxcmanonoro cpemnnue (A. laxmannii (L.) Benth.), no ce pasnnuana or nero no nnernara
rpnna, xoxro e nxna, nnernnre npemnenn onxnoneno ca c no 4 nnxra, crnennre nncra ca c
xca pxxa. To ce cpema n Tpaxncxara nnsnna n nsrounara uacr na crpanara.
(68)
Hnpnncxn uan, uancsnue Sideritis L.
1. Enoronmno pacrenne cc cpannnrenno pexn n nrn nnacnnxn, es xopennme. Hncrara
nrn 0,5-3,0 cm, mnpoxn 0,2-0,8 cm. Hnernnre npemnenn pasaneuenn, ncexn c no oxono 6
nnxra . . Maxcnue S.montanaL.
1*. Mnororonmno enonnnecro pacrenne c nnsxmo xopennme. Hncrara nrn 6-8 cm,
mnpoxn 0,6-20 mm. Hneronere cpann n xnaconnno cnnerne.................... Hnpnncxn ua
S. scardica Grsb.
Hnpnncxn uan Sideritis scardica Grsb.
Tpenncro pacrenne c nsnpanenn nnn npnnonnramn ce uernpnpecrn crna, nncoxn 15-50
cm, npocrn nnn pasxnonenn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nenoxpann nnn cnao nannnenn,
onnnre nponronaro nannernn, c xca pxxa, ropnnre cpnennnn, npncenann. Hneronere
pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra, n npemnenn, xonro ca cnnxenn n opasynar rcro
xnaconnno cnnerne c nnmonenoxnrn mnpoxocpnennnn nnnecrn, saocrpenn
npnnnernnnn, nrn 12-20 mm. uamxara nra 9-12 mm, rpecro-snnuennna, c 10 xnnxn n 5
enaxnn sena, noxpnrn c nrn nnacnnxn. Benuero xnro, c rpnna, cxpnra n uamxara,
nyycrno, c 3-enna onna ycrna. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn n rpnnara na nenuero. Hnor cyx,
pasnaa ce na 4 opexuera (rano 22, ]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn naponnrn repenn n Hnpnn, Cnanxnxa n Cpenn Poonn mexy 1500 n 2200
m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B naponara n cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre npxnn uacrn na crnoro
saeno c nncrara (pora Herba Sideritis scardicae), xonro ce cnpar no npeme na n]rexa.
Mancsnue Sideritis montana L.
Pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce, npocro nnn cnao pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 20-
40 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro nannernn, onnnre c xca pxxa, ropnnre
npncenann, nenoxpann nnn c no nxxonxo sena na npxa. Hneronere penn, na xca
pxxa, cpann n pasaneuenn npemnenn, c npnnnernnnn, xonro ne ce pasnnuanar nnn cnao
ce pasnnuanar or crnennre nncra. uamxara nra 6-8 mm, rpecro-snnuennna, npannnna,
c 10 xnnxn n 5 sena, sanpmnamn c xco onnue. Benuero nyycrno, no-xco or uamxara,
cnernoxnro, xaro cne npe-n]rxnane crana xa]xno. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn nn neneunara
rpnna (rano 23, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra n opnnnn n nxnara crpana oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn ma
cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Pannnnc1 Stachvs L.
1. Hnernnre npemnenn c no 6-10 nnxra. 3nnre na uamxara nourn na nrn no-xcn or
rpnnara, c ron ocnn n ocrnrar o ropnnx xpa na rpnnara na nenuero................ Hpan
pannnncr S. recta L.
1*. Hnernnre npemnenn c no 2-6 nnxra. 3nnre na uamxara nourn pannn na rpnnara, c
nsnxno nnaxnecr ocnn n no-xcn or rpnnara na nenuero . . ................... Enoronmen
pannnncr S. annua L.
(69)
Hpan pannnnc1 Stachvs recta L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce crno, npocro nnn
pasxnoneno, nncoxo 15-100 cm, xpano nnaxnecro. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nrnecro
nannernn o nnneno-nannernn, onnnre na xca pxxa, ropnnre npncenann, nasenn,
na-ropnnre nourn nenoxpa-nn, npnnennano nnaxnecrn, nrn 2-8 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-2 cm.
Hneronere pasnonoxenn no 6-10 n npemnenn, onnnre pasaneuenn, xaro opasynar nro
xnaconnno cnnerne c neopasnnrn uernnxonnnn npnnnernnnn. uamxara rpecro-
snnuennna, nra 5-10 mm, c 5 sena. Benuero noproxanono xnro o xnrennxanoxno,
nyycrno, c uepnennxann nerna na onnara ycrna, rono nnn xconnaxnecro, nro 15-20 mm.
Tnunnxnre 4. Hnouerara oparno onannn opexuera (rano 23, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn ma
cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Enoronmen pannnnc1 Stachvs annua L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, npocro nnn pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 10-40
cm, n ropnara cn uacr rcro nnaxnecro. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nrn 2-6 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-3
cm, nponronaro ennnrnunn, onnnre xnnnonnno crecnenn n xca pxxa, ronn, nasenn,
ropnnre nannernn, npncenann, nenoxpann. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no 2-6 n npemnen,
onnnre pasaneuenn, xaro opasynar xnaconnno cnnerne, c neopasnnrn nnn nnncnamn
npnnnernnnn. uamxara snnuennna, nra 5-8 mm, xnesncro nnaxnecra. Benuero
xnrennxanoxno, nyycrno, xnesncro nnaxnecro, nro 10-16 mm (rano 23, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn mecra, nnnn n opnnnn n nxna Fnrapnx nourn o 1600 m n. n. H]rn ma
cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ronxm po nnone pannnncr, no nourn ncnuxn ocnen enoronmnnx nmar
uepnennxann, enn nnn neoposonn nnerone. Camo neoxnrnxr pannnncr (S. obliqua WK.) e
c neoxnrn nnerone, no ce ornnuana or onncannre na nna no rona, ue n npemnen nma no
mnoro nnerone o 20. Cpema ce n Tpaxncxara nnsnna, Rronsrouna Fnrapnx, Bymencxo n
Hponancxo.
CEM. KAPTOmOBH SOLANACEAE
Bnnn, nonannxa Hvoscvamus niger L.
Ha-uecro nyronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno npocro nnn pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 80-100
cm, xnesncro nnaxnecro n nenxano. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, c pxxa,
nponronaro xnennnn; crnennre npncenann, nonyoxnamamn crnoro, nrn 15-20
cm, nocneonarennn, epo nasenn o napxsann. Hneronere epn, nourn npncenann n
nasnnre na ropnnre nncra, cpann n enocrpanno rposonnno cnnerne. uamxara
ennonnna, xnesncro nnaxnecra, nra 1,0-1,5 cm, c 5 sena. Benuero 2-4 cm n namerp, ne
cncem xnro, uecro c mpexa or nnoneronn xnnxn, c mnpoxa rpnna n 5-enna pasnepena
xoponxa. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa. O1ponno!(rano 23,
]nr. 4).
(70)
Ho ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nncrara (pora Folia Hyoscyami), xonro ce epar no
npeme na n]rexa. Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HBEHHHEBH SCROPHULARIACEAE
1. Benuero npn ocnonara cn ynxeno nn nn na mnopa.........2
1*. Benuero ncxonnno, nyycrno nnn npannnno, es mnopa ......3
2. Crnara nsnpanenn, ronn. Hneronere cpann nn npxno rposonn-
no cnnerne. Hncrara npncenann, nnneno-nannernn o nnnenn......
............... Onxnonena nynnuxa Linaria vulgaris Mill.
2*. Crnara nonernann, ronn. Hneronere no enn n nasnnre na nncrara.
Hncrara c pxxa, pexonnnn nnn cpnennnn................
Hom nxrp, rpecxannue Kickxia spuria (L.)Dum.
3. Benuero ncxonnno, noxo 5-enno, nourn npannnno. Tnunnxnre 5 ...............................
Honen Jerbascum L.
3*. Benuero c no-nra nnn no-xca rpnna nnn snnuennno, na npxa cn onxnoneno
nyycrno. Tnunnxnre 4 ......................4
4. Bcnuxn nncra nocneonarennn..... Hanpcrnnx Digitalis L.
4*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, pxxo pasnonoxenn n npemnenn.......
................... Manxa xnonauxa RhinanthusminerL.
Honen Jerbascum L.
1. Cpennre n ropnnre crnenn nncra nnsernamn no crnoro, no nxnara nxnna na
mexynsnnxra, r. e. onnara uacr na nncrara e nponxena n cpacnana cc crnoro, xoero
nsrnexa xpnnaro ..............
................ Icronneren nonen J. densiflorum Bertol
1*. Crnennre nncra npncenann, es xpnnaro nnsernamo nponxenne no crnoro
............ Heueen nonen J.phlomoides L.
Aeueen nonen Jerbascum phlomoides L.
nyronmno rcronnaxnecro pacrenne c npocro, nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 30-150 cm, xoero
ce pasnnna npes nropara ronna. Hpes npnara ronna opasyna camo nncrna poserxa.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra nponronaro ennnrnu-nn, rno n nenpannnno nasenn o nenoxpann,
nrn 5-30 cm, mnpoxn 3-12 cm; crnennre onannn nnn onanno nannernn, saocrpenn,
npncenann, cc saxprnena ocnona n nonyoxnamamn crnoro, nocneonarennn. Cnne-
rnero cnro, xnaconnno-rposonnno, c npnnnernnnn, nrn 1-1,5 cm. Hneronere n cnonuera
no 3-4 (8), a nnernnre pxxn pannn na uamxara, xoxro e nra 5-12 mm, nerenna, xaro
xnonere sanpmnar c ocnn. Benuero xnro, ncxonnno, noxo 5-enno, 2-5 cm n namerp.
Tnunnxnre 5, npnxpenenn xm ocnonara na nenuero, or xonro 2 no-nrn, ronn, a ocranannre
3-nnax-necrn. unnxr ropen, c npocro crnue. Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa. O1ponno!
(rano 23, ]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, cyxn nnnan n neopaorenn mecra, xpa nrnma n
orpan. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nncrara (pora Folia Verbas-
(71)
ci), a raxa cmo n nneronere c uamxara nnn es nex (pora Flores Verbasci). Hsnonsyna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Isc1 onne1en nonen Jerbascum densiflorum Bertol. (J. thapsiforme Schrad.)
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne, nxnoro rcro xnrennxanocnno, nn-necro nannacreno. Hpes
npnara ronna opasyna nncrna poserxa, a npes nropara nsnpaneno, rcro onncreno
crno, nncoxo o 2 m, nepasxnoneno nnn na npxa cnao pasxnoneno. Hncrara nponronaro
ennnrnunn, nnser-namn no crnoro, npnocnonnnre nrn 10-40 cm, mnpoxn 4-10 cm,
nocneonarennn, nasenn. Hneronere cpann no 2-5 n cnonuera na npocro nnn n ocnonara
cnao pasxnoneno rposonnno cnnerne, c npnnnernnnn, nrn 1,5-4 cm. Hnernnre pxxn
no-xcn or uamxara. uamxara nra 6-12 mm, nourn o ocnonara cn 5-enna, c xnennnn, na
npxa cn saocrpenn xnone, no es ocnn. Benuero xnro, 3,5-5 cm n namerp, ornn noxpnro
cc snesonnnn nnacnnxn. Tnunnxnre 5, or xonro nere no-nrn ca ronn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa. O1ponno! (rano 23, ]nr. 6).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn, necxnnnn n xamennnnn cxnonone, ns cyxn nnnan n neopaorenn mecra,
xpa nrnma n orpan n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nenuero c rnunnxnre (pora Flores Verbasci).
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar oxono 33 nna nonen c xnrn nnerone, noneuero c orpannueno
pasnpocrpanenne. 3a a ne ce onycxar rpemxn npn pasnosnananero na onncannre nnone,
neoxonmo e napanoro pacrenne a ce cpannxna mnoro nnnmarenno c aennre no-rope
onncannx. Ocnonen ener, no xoro ce pasnnuanar ocranannre nnone nonen, e, ue npn
noneuero or rxx npamnnnnre na rnunnxnre nm ca enaxnn, pexonnnn n ne ca nnsernamn
no rnunnxo-nnre pxxn, oxaro npn mennnncxnre nnone npamnnnnre na nere no-nrn
rnunnxn nnsernar no rnunnxonnre pxxn, r. e. ne ca cpacnann c rxx. Tnunnxn c nnsernamn
npamnnnn nmar ome ecernna nna nonen, no npn nxxon or rxx nnnecrnre nnacnnxn, xonro
noxpnnar rnunnxnre, ca nnoneronn, a ne xnrn, npn pyrn nnone nneronere ca no enn, a ne
no nxxonxo, cnnerne-ro e noxpnro n c xnesncrn nnacnnxn, a ne camo c npocrn.
Onxnonena nynnuxa Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rcro oesnncreno rono crno, nncoxo 40-60
cm, c esnnonn nsnxn npn ocnonara cn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nenoxpann, na-uecro c
no ena xnnxa, nnneno-nannernn o nnnenn, ronn, npncenann, nrn 2-6 cm, mnpoxn 1-5
mm, saocrpenn. Cnnernero rcro, rposonnno, c 5-30 nnxra, c pxxa, nra 2-8 mm, c nan-
nernn npnnnernnnn, no-nrn or nnernara pxxa nnn pannn na nex; ocra na cnnernero,
nnernnre pxxn n no-pxxo uamxara ca c xnesncrn nnacnnxn. uamxara 5-enna, nra 3-6
mm, c onannn xnone. Benuero nro 20-35 mm, xnro, nyycrno, cc sarnopeno ycrne n
saocrpena mnopa, nra 10-13 mm. Tnunnxnre 4, or xonro 2 no-nrn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor ronuecra nyrnesna xyrxa (rano 24, ]nr. 1).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanena e no rpenncrn mecra, xpa nrnma n xaro nnenen n nxnara crpana.
Cnnno nonnmop]no pacrenne. H]rn or ma o oxromnpn.
(72)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre onncrenn uacrn (pora Herba Linariae),
orpxsann na oxono 30 cm or npxa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Aom nn1sp, 1pecxannue Kickxia spuria (L.) Dum.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nonernano, pasxnoneno n rcroxne-sncro nnaxnecro
crno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, mnpoxo xnennnn o saxprnenn, nrn o 7,5 cm, mnpoxn
1-2 cm, nnaxnecrn, n ocnonara saxprnenn crecnenn nsnenx n xca pxxa, onxnoneno
nenoxpannn. Hneronere ennnunn nsnnsar or nasnnre na nncrara c nnaxnecra pxxa, nra 1-
2 cm. uamxara 5-enna, c xnennnn, saocrpenn snn, npn nnoa paspacrnamn ce. Benuero
cnernoxnro, nro 10-15 mm, nyycrno, cc sarnopeno ycrne n xca mnopa, c nourn pannn
ycrnn, ropnara ornrpe rmnonnonerona. 1 nunnxnre 4 unnxr ropen. Kyrnxara xnecra
(rano 24, ]nr. 2).
Hs nnnn n opnnnn n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
Hanpsc1nnx Digitalis L.
1. Cnnernero enocrpanno nneronere ca opnarn na ena crpana. Crnoro xocmaro no
nxnara cn nxnna, xaxro n onnara nonpxnocr na nncrara ......... Eponneren nanpcrnnx-
D. grandiflom Mill.
1* Hneronere pasnonoxenn or ncnuxn crpann na npxa na crnoro. B onnara cn uacr
crnoro n nncrara cncem ronn nnn camo no pa cnao pecnnuecrn ........... Bnnecr
nanpcrnnx D.lanata Ehrh.
Eponne1en nanpsc1nnx- Digitalis grandiflora Mill. (D. ambigua Murr.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npano, nepasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 60-120 cm n ropnara
cn uacr xnesncro nnaxnecro. Hncrara nponronaro nannernn nrn 7-25 cm, mnpoxn 2-7 cm,
nocneonarennn, saocrpenn, cnrno nasenn nnn nenoxpann, noneue nnn no-manxo
nnaxnecrn, ocoeno orony no xnnxnre; poserxonnre n onnnre crnenn nncra c xca
xpnnara pxxa; ropnnre npncenann, oxnamar crnoro n ca no-manxn. Hneronere ynncnann
c xca pxxa, cpann nn npxno rposonnno cnnerne, pasnonoxeno na ena crpana;
nnernnre pxxn, uamxara n nenuero ornn xnesncro nnaxnecrn uamxara snnuennna, nourn
o ocnonara cn 5-enna, c nannernn, saocrpenn xnone. Benuero snnuennno, nenpannnno,
nyycrno, epo, nro 4-5 cm mnpoxo 1-2 cm, cxpnoxnro, ornrpe c xa]xnn xnnunnn;
ropnara ycrna e no-xca or onnara, nyenna, a onnara rpnenna. Tnunnxnre 4, cpacnann n
ocnonara cn c nenuero. unnxr ropen. Hnor xnesncro nnaxnecra mnorocemenna xyrnxa,
nourn 2 nrn no-nra or uamxara. O1ponno!(rano 24, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce ns ropn n xpacranann nourn n nxnara crpana o 1 700 m n. n.
H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nscymennre nncra (pora Folia Digitalis ambiguae),
xonro ce epar or enoronmnn pacrennx npes anrycr n cenremnpn, a npes cnenamara ronna
- npen n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
(73)
Bsnnec1 nanpsc1nnx Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Mnororonmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c xopnsonranno npnenxnamo ce
xopennme, c ennnunn, nsnpanenn, nnnnnpnunn, uepnenn-xanonnoneronn, cnao pasxnonenn
crna, nncoxn 30-100 cm, n onnara cn uacr ronn, n ropnara c rcrn, nrn, xnesncrn
nnacnnxn. Hncrara pasnonoxenn n poserxa n no crnoro, nponronaro nannernn o
nannernn, nrn 6-20 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-3,5 cm, nocneonarennn, nenoxpann nnn cnao nnno-
nnnn, npncenann, ronn nnn cnao xnesncro nnaxnecrn, saocrpenn, nocrenenno
npemnnanamn n npnnnernnnn. Hneronere cpann na npxa na crnoro, n rcro
mnorocrpanno rposonnno cnnerne. Hnernnre pxxn nrn o 3 cm, xnesncro nnaxnecrn, a
npnnnernnnnre n uamxara c npocrn nnacnnxn. uamxara xnecro nsyra, nooxo 5-enna.
Benuero nyycrno, xnecro nsyro, nro 2-3 cm, xnro c nnoneronn xnnxn. Tnunnxnre 4.
unnxr ropen. O1ponno!(rano 24, ]nr. 4).
Ho rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n ns xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn
mnn anrycr.
Hsnonsynar ce cmo camo nncrara (pora Folia Digitalis lanatae), xonro ce epar xaxro npn
eponnernnx nanpcrnnx.
V nac ce cpemar ome 3 nna nanpcrnnx, no npn na or rxx (D. ferruginea L. n D. laevigata
W.K) nnernnre pxxn n uamxara ca ronn n ne ca xnesncrn, a rpernxr nn (D. viridiflora
Lindl.) nma senennxano nenue.
Manxa xnonauxa Rhinanthus minor L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, npocro nnn cnao pasxnoneno n cnao
pecnnuecro crno, nncoxo 5-50 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, onannn o nnneno-nannernn,
nrn 2-4 cm, mnpoxn 5-10 mm, no-xcn or mexynsnnero, rpanann, cnrno pecnnuecrn,
nasenn, npncenann. Hneronere npncenann, cpann nn npxnn xnaconnnn cnnernx, c
npnnnernnnn. uamxara snnuennna c 4 sena, rona, orcrpann cnnecxana n npn nnoonere
mexypecro noyra. Benuero xnro, nro 12-15 mm, c npana neneuna rpnna, xoxro
onxnoneno e no-xca or uamxara, nyycrno, xaro ropnara ycrna e no-nra or onnara n e cc
cnnxann xcn snn (o 1 mm). Tnunnxnre 4, or xonro nere no-nrn crpuar na nenuero.
unnxr ropen. Hnor cnnecxana nyrnesna xyrnxa (rano 24, ]nr. 5).
Hs nnannncxnre nnnan na Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, 3anann n Cpenn Poonn,
Bnroma, Hmnnn, a cmo raxa n n Co]ncxoro none. H]rn ma mnn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. BPOmOBH RUBIACEAE
1. Tnunnxnre 5. Benuero onxnoneno 5-enno. Hnor mececr.......
............................ Fpom Rubia tinctorum L.
1*. Tnunnxnre 3-4. Benuero onxnoneno 4 (3)-enno. Hnor cyx.....
2. Hncrara cpann n npemnen no 4, c no 3 xnnxn..............
............... Onxnonenxpcren Cruciata laevipes Opi:.
2*. Hncrara cpann n npemnen no noneue or 4, c no ena xnnxa......
................... Cmnncxoentonue Galium venim L.
(74)
Csmnncxo entonue Galium verum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpanenn nnn npnnonnramn ce xcomxnarn crna,
nncoxn 30120 cm. Hncrara nnnenn, nrn 15-25 mm, mnpoxn 0,5-2 mm, no 8-12 n npemnen, c
ocnnue na npxa n c nonnr p, nourn ronn. Hneronere cpann n nra rcra mernnna, c
nnaxnecrn xnonxn. Benuero xnro, mnpoxo 2,5-3,0 mm, c rpnna n xoponxa or 4 saocrpenn
xna, cc nnn es ocnnue. uamxa nnncna. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyxo opexue, nro 1,5 mm,
rono n rnaxo (rano 25, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonen xpsc1en Cniciata laevipes Opi:. (Galium cruciatum Scop.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mnorouncnenn npnnonnramn ce nnn nsnpanenn
uernpnpecrn crna, nncoxn 20-60 cm, pasnepeno nnaxnecrn. Hncrara onanno ennnrnunn,
saocrpenn, no es ocnnue, nrn 12-20 mm, mnpoxn 4-10 mm, orrope ronn nnn c pexn
nnacnnxn, orony no pa n no xnnxnre nnaxnecrn. Hneronere na nrn nnaxnecrn pxxn,
cpann no 5-9 n nasnenn nonycennnnn n c nannernn npnnnernnnn. Benuero xnro,
1,8-2,7 mm n namerp, cc saocrpenn xnone. Hnor ron, rnax, xnecr,1,5 mm n namerp
(rano 25, ]nr. 2).
Hs nnnan, xpacranann, ropn n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bpom Rubia tinctorum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nro xopnsonranno xopennme, xoero e uepneno-xa]xno
ornn n uepneno ornrpe. Crnoro xarepnnno, nro o 1 m, 4-pecro, rono, no rpanano or
nacouennre naony mnnuera. Ha-onnnre n na-ropnnre nncra onxnoneno cpemynonoxnn,
ocranannre no 4-6 n npemnen, nponronarn o nannernn, c ena xnnxa, nrn 2-10 cm,
mnpoxn 0,5-2,5 cm, n ocnonara crecnenn n xca pxxa nnn npncenann, no pa n orony no
xnnxnre c nacouenn nasa mnnuera. Hneronere penn, 4 5- ennn, cnernoxnrn, nrn 1,5-
3,0 mm, cpann n cnnno pasxnonenn mernnuecrn cnnernx; xoponxara 5-6 mm n namerp.
uamxara es snn. Hnor oruacrn mececr, c xocrnnxa (rano 25, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce pxxo ns xpacranann, xpa orpan, n nopone, xaro pyepanno pacrenne n nxnara
crpana, npenmno n Rxna n Hsrouna Fnrapnx. H]rn or mnn o cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopennmero (pora Rhizoma Rubiae tinctorum), xoero
ce nsxonana npes ecenra cne yspxnanero na cemenara nnn pano nanponer. Hamnpa mnpoxo
npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BT3OBH - CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Hepnen ss Sambucus racemosa L.
Xpacr nnn nncxo pnue, nncoxo o 5 m. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, neun]ronepecrn, c 3-7
nncruera, na n]rxmnre xnonxn nepxxo n c no 3 nncruera,
(75)
onannn, onanno nannernn nnn ennnrnunn, nasenn, nourn ronn, nrn 4-12 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-
6,0 cm. Hpnnncrnnnnre manxn, nannernn, pso onaamn. Hneronere cpann n nnrna
xnennna mernnna, n namerp o 6 cm, ornauano senennxann, nnocnecrnne
senenoxnrennxann, oxono 4 mm n namerp, ncnuxn c pxxn. uamxara cc snn, nrn
oxono 0,5 mm. Tnunnxnre 3-5. unnxr nonyonen c 3 npncenann nnsanna. Hnor
xnecr, mececr, 4-5 mm n namerp, cnernouepnen (rano 25, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce n nrnonncrnnre ropn n Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Cpenn n
3anann Poonn, Pnna. H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AYIAHKOBH DIPSACEAE
sn1ennxana cauorpnsxa Scabiosa ochroleuca L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, nnaxnecro nnn n cpenara cn
uacr nourn rono crno, nncoxo 20-80 cm, c 2-5 noxn cpemynonoxnn nncra, npocro nnn
pasxnoneno, xaro ncxxa xnonxa sanpmna c nnerna xomnnuxa. Hncrara rcro nnaxnecrn, uecro
nourn cnnn, ropnnre no-cnao nnaxnecrn, npnocnonnnre nnponnno nspxsann nnn nepecro
pasceuenn c nannernn, nasenn crpannunn xnone n no-ep, xnennen npxen xn.
Crnennre nncra nnponnno nono nepecro naceuenn, c nannernn enuera. Hneronere
cpann no mnoro na xnecrn cnnernx xomnnuxn c namerp 1,5-2,5 cm, unxro onnnxa e
ccranena or nnnenn, saocrpenn, onxnoneno nnaxnecrn nncruera. Hpn ocnonara na ncexn
nnxr ce namnpa nmcnecr npnnnernnx. uamxara nona nnmnara or ne nannno cpacnann
npnnnernn nncruera, na-uecro c nnnecra xxnuxa, a nrpemnara, cmnncxara uamxa,
ccranena or 5 uernnxn. Hepn]epnnre nnerone no-epn. Benuero 5-enno, neoxnro, c xca
rpnna n xoponxa c 5 neenaxnn sena. Tnunnxnre 4, cnoonn. unnxr onen. Hpn
nnoonere nnmnara uamxa ce sanasna. Tx oxnama nnoa n e c 8 rpanunnxn n ropnnx cn xpa
(rano 26, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. CAOHOHBETHH - ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
1. Bcnuxn nnerone esnuecrn. Pacrennx c mneuen cox ...........2
1*. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn nnn cpennre rpecrn, a nepn]epnnre
esnuecrn. Pacrennx es mneuen cox.........................6
2. Bcnuxn nncra cpann n poserxa npn ocnonara na crnoro. Hnero-nocnnxr crpx
esnncren..............................3
2*. Hneronocnoro crno onncreno....................5
3. Hnernoro nerno mexy nneronere (pecn. mexy nnoonere) noxpnro c nannernn nmcnnnn .
Hernncro nponrnue Hvpochaeris maculata L.
3*. Hnernoro nerno rono, es nmcnnuxn, nonxxora c pexn uernnxn . . 4
4. Hncrara senenn, ronn nnn c pexn nnacnnxn, noxo nasenn o nepecro pasceuenn
Inyxapue Taraxacum officinale Web.
4*. Hncrara orrope senenn, uernnecro nnaxnecrn, orony enonnnecrn, nourn nenoxpann . .
. Onxnonenapynxnxa Hieracium pilosella L.
5. uernnxnre or xnpunnxara na nnoa nepecro pasxnonenn.......
.............. Hnnana xosx paa Tragopogon pratensisL.
(76)
5*. uernnxnre or xnpunnxara na nnoa npocrn ..............
................... Komnacna canara Lactuca serriola L.
6. Hneronocnnre crna ce pasnnnar nanponer npen npnocnonnnre nncra n ca noxpnrn c
enesnnxann nnn senennxann nmcnn. Komnnuxnre ennnunn ...................... Hoen
Tussilago farfara L.
6*. Crnoro onncreno n ce pasnnna cne npnocnonnnre nncra .... 7
7. Pacrennx c onnnn nncra, nxnmunrenno n nncrara, onnnamn xomnnuxnre
........................................8
7*. Pacrennx es onnnn nncra.......................9
8. Hone nepn]epnnre nnoone es xnpunnxa; nnmnnre onnnnn nncruera nponxenn n
npocro onnue.........................
................... Bnnecr acnypr Carthamus lanatus L.
8*. Bcnuxn nnoone c xnpunnxa; nnmnnre onnnnn nncruera nponxenn n nepecro
pasxnoneno onnue . . Hpeceuxa Cnicus benedictus L.
9. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn...........................
................... Tpnenen yrpax Bidens tripartita L.
9*. Hncrara nocneonarennn nnn cpann npn ocnonara na crnoro . .
.............................................10
10. Esnuecrn nnerone nnncnar ncnuxn nnerone rpecrn nnn camo nepn]epnnre
nnmxonnnn, nrn xonxoro rpecrnre.............11
10* Hepn]epnnre nnerone esnuecrn ....................16
11. Hone nepn]epnnre nnerone c npnnnernn nmcnnuxn...........
............................... Cnemnna Filago L.
11*. Hxnoro nnerno nerno es npnnnernn nmcnnuxn...........12
12. Hnoonere es xnpunnxa........................13
12*. Hnoonere c xnpunnxa.........................14
13. Komnnuxnre penn (3 mm, pxxo o 5 mm n namerp), cpann n
rposone, rpynnpann n rxcno onncreno mernnuecro cnnerne.........
................ Onxnonen nennn Artemisia absinthium L.
13*. Komnnuxnre no-epn (8-11 mm n namerp), cpann n rcro mnronnno cnnerne
.....................................
......................... Bparnra Tanacetum vulgareL.
14. Hncrara noxo napxsann nnn pasenenn, ronn nnn cnao naxxnno-
nnno nnaxnecrn. Onnnnnre nncruera senenn, na npxa nsuepnn.......
.................. Onxnonencnopex Senecio vulgaris L.
14*. Hncrara nenoxpann, cnnonnaxnecrn o enonnnecrn. Onnnnnre nncn uera xnrn nnn
xa]xnn ...........................15
15. Hncrara enonnnecrn. Onnnnnre nncruera xnrn o noproxanonn . ................... Cmnn
Helichrvsum arenarium (L.) Moench
15*. Hncrara cnnonnnecrn. Onnnnnre nncruera xa]xnn..........
............. Onxnonen xn cmnn Gnaphalium uliginosum L.
16. Hnernoro nerno c nmcnnuxn.......................17
16*. Hnernoro nerno rono ..........................19
17. Komnnuxnre epn, 5-6 cm n namerp. Hncrara nenn, cpnennnn . . .................
uepnoxoc Telekia speciosa (Schreb.)Baumg.
17*. Komnnuxnre no-penn. Hncrara nponronarn o nannernn, nepecro
pasceuenn.....................................18
18. Komnnuxnre penn, oxono 4 cm n namerp, cpann n mnronnno
cnnerne. Hncrara enonnnecrn ..........................
.................... Xnr pannen Achillea clvpeolata S. S.
18*. Komnnuxnre no-epn, 2,5-4,5 cm n namerp, ennnunn. Hncrara ronn nnn nourn ronn . .
. . Farpnnno nopymue Anthemis tinctoria L.
19. Onnnnnre nncruera n enn xptr, npn ocnonara cn c onnnnrennn nnneno-nannernn
penn nncruera........ Cnopex Senecio L.
(77)
19*. Onnnnnre nncruera n na xpra, es onnnnrennn nncruera . . 20
20. Komnnuxnre ennnunn na npxa na onxnoneno esnncrno crno . . ...... Cpnenncren
nn cnnuorne Doronicum columnae Ten.
20*. Komnnuxnre cpann no mnoro n mernnuecrn n mnronnnn cnnernx na npxa na
onncreno n pasxnoneno crno...............21
21. Komnnuxnre nrnecrn, snnuennnn nnn snnuennno -nnnnnpnu-
nn, no-nncoxn, orxonxoro mnpoxn (2-3 mm n namerp), c 6-12 nnxra.....
.......................... Enuen Solidago virgaurea L.
21*. Komnnuxnre nonyxnecrn nnn noono na nannuxn, no-mnpoxn, orxonxoro nrn.
Esnuecrnre nnerone mnoroponn.............22
22. Xnpunnxara opasynana camo or nnacnnxn . . Oman Inula L.
22*. Xnpunnxara opasynana or enn pe nnacnnxn n or xca nasena
xoponxa .........................................
........... Onxnonena nmnnna Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn.
Enuen Solidago virgaurea L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme. Crnoro nsnpaneno, pasxnoneno,
nncoxo o 1 m, rono nnn camo n ropnara cn uacr nnaxnecro. Hncrara nocneonarennn, ronn nnn
cnao nnaxnecrn, npnocnonnnre xnennnn nnn ennnrnunn, npemnnanamn n xpnnara pxxa,
nrn o 10 cm, epo nasenn; crnennre nncra nocrenenno namanxnamn, ennnrnunn nnn
nannernn, npncenann, nenoxpann. Komnnuxnre nnnnnpnunn, cpann n mernnuecro nnn
rposonnno cnnerne na npxa na crnoro, nrn 7-10 mm, xaro onnnnnre nm nncruera ca
xepemnoopasno napeenn, saocrpenn, ronn, nrn o 8 mm. uamxa nnncna. Hneronere xnrn,
opasynann or cpacrnanero na 5 nncruera, cpennre rpecrn, nepn]epnnre esnuecrn, xonro
ca oxono 8 mm nrn n oxono 2 mm mnpoxn, nponronarn o nnnenn, 6-12 na po.
Tnunnxnre 5, cpacnann c npamnnnnre cn. unnxr onen. Hnoonere nrn oxono 3 mm, c
xnpunnxa, ccranena or nxxonxo pea rpanann uernnxn (rano 26, ]nr. 2).
Hs xpacranann, paspeenn ropn, no cxanncrn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana, nourn o
annncxnx noxc. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna npxnara crnena uacr c nneronere n nncrara (pora
Herba Solidaginis virgaaureae), xonro ce cnpar no npeme na n]rexa. Hma mnpoxo
npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Cnemnna Filago L.
1. Bnmnnre onnnnn nncruera saocrpenn, c nnaxnonnno nponxenne ..................
Onxnonena cnemnna F. vulgaris Lam.
1 *. Bcnuxn nncruera na onnnxara rnn....................
....................... Honcxa cnemnna F. arvensis L.
Onxnonena cnemnna Filago vulgaris Lam. (F. germanica L.)
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn n ocnonara npnnon-nramo ce crno,
nncoxo 5-40 cm, noxpnro c rcrn nnacnnxn, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno. Hncrara
npncenann, rcronnaxnecrn, nnneno-nannernn o nannernn, nrn 12-30 mm, mnpoxn 1-4
mm, saocrpenn, pxxo rnn, nenoxpann. Hnernnre xomnnuxn penn, nrn o 5 mm, cpann
no 10-30 n
(78)
rcrn xnecrn rnannuxn c namerp 6-14 mm, pasnonoxenn n ocnonara na pasxnonennxra n no
npxonere na xnonxnre. Hncruerara na onnnxara n 5 pea, nsnpanenn, nrn 4,0-4,5 mm, or
nnmnara crpana nnaxnecrn, xm npxa ronn, cnamenoxnrn, nrpemnnre no-nrn, nnnecrn
n saocrpenn, xm npxa uecro uepnennxann. Hneronere mnoro penn, xnrn, nepn]epnnre
xencxn, nnmxonnnn, 20-23 na po, c no 3 sena n pasnonoxenn n nxxonxo pea,
nrpemnnre nynononn, onxnoneno 2-3, rpecrn, c no 4-5 sena. Bnmnnre nnoone es
xnpunnxa, nrpemnnre c xnpunnxa or 1-2 pennn rnxn n xpexxn uernnxn (rano 26, ]nr.
3).
Ho cyxn necxnnnn n xamenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Honcxa cnemnna Filago arvensis L. (Logfia anensis (L.) Holub).
Enoronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno, n ropnara cn uacr mernnuecro pasxnoneno crno,
nncoxo o 70 cm, rtcronnnecro nnaxnecro. Hncrara nponronarn o nnneno-nannernn,
saocrpenn, nrn 5-20 mm, mnpoxn 1-4 mm, mexonnnecrn. Komnnuxnre nrn 2,5-6,5 mm,
mnpoxn 2,5-5,0 mm, cpann no 2-12 n mnorouncnenn rnannuxn, pasnonoxenn no npxonere na
pasxnonennxra n opasynamn mernnuecrn nnn rposonnnn cnnernx. Hncruerara na
onnnxara n 5 pea, rcronnnecrn, rnn, no npeme na yspxnanero snesonnno pasnepenn.
Hneronere penn, xnrn, xencxnre 15-18, nnmxonnnn; nynononnre rpecrn, rpn na po.
Hnoonere nrn oxono 3 mm, nrpemnnre c xnpunnxa or nxxonxo pea uernnxn, a nnmnnre
or enn pe uernnxn, xonro necno naar (rano 27, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n neopaorenn mecra, n nosx n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn
npes mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonen nn cunn Gnaphalium uliginosum L. (Filaginella uliginosa(L.) Opi:.)
Enoronmno pacrenne cc cnnonnaxnecro, or ocnonara cn pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 20
cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nnneno-nannernn o nponronaro onannn, nrn 10-50 mm,
mnpoxn 2-4 mm, nenoxpann, nocrenenno npemnnanamn n pxxa. Komnnuxnre nrn 3-4 mm,
cpann no 3-10 n xnecrn rnannuxn no npxonere na xnonxnre n onnrn or na-ropnnre
nncruera, xonro ca no-nrn or cnnernero. Onnnnnre nncruera nannernn, saocrpenn,
nsxa]xnn, no pa cn nnnecrn, na npxa no-rmnn n ronn. Hneronere mnoro penn, nrn
1,5-2 mm, cnernoxnrn, nepn]epnnre xencxn nnerone ca nnmxonnnn, pasnonoxenn n
nxxonxo pea, a nrpemnnre nynononn ca rpecrn. Hnoonere nrn oxono 0,5 mm,
nponronaro nnnnnpnunn, c xnpunnxa or enn pe nnacnnxn (rano 26, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn rpenncrn n xpapeunn necxnnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn
mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Cunn Helichrvsum arenarium (L.) Moench
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, enonnnecro, c nsnpanenn crna, onxnoneno no
nxxonxo, nncoxn o 30 cm, pasxnonenn camo n onacrra na cnnernero. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, nenn, enonnnecrn, nocrenenno crec-
(79)
nenn xm ocnonara cn n mnpoxa pxxa, nrn 5-7 cm, nponronaro nan-nernn o nnnenn,
nenoxpann. Hnernnre xomnnuxn xnecrn, nrn n mnpoxn 6-7 mm, cpann no mnoro
(oxono 30 ) nn npxno mnronnno cnnerne, nro 2-5 cm. Onnnnnre nncruera mnoroponn
(oxono 30), xnennnn nnn nponronarn, xepemnoopasno napeenn, nnmonenoxnrn o
opanxeno-xnrn, pxxo enn. Hneronere snarncroxnrn. Hepn]epnnre xencxn nnerone ca
nnmxonnnn n uecro nnncnar, rorana ncnuxn nnerone ca nynononn. Hnoonere nrn oxono 1
mm, c xnpunnxa or nrn uernnxn (rano 27, ]nr. 2).
Ho necxnnnn mecra no uepnomopcxoro xpapexne, n Ceneponsrouna n Rrosanana
Fnrapnx n n Kmcrennncxo. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cpannre no npeme na n]rexa nnernn xomnnuxn
(pora Flores Helichrysii). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Ouan Inula L.
1. Epo pacrenne, nncoxo 1,0-2,5 m. Hncrara nrn 40-70 cm, mnpoxn
10-30 cm. Hnernnre xomnnuxn ronemn, 6-8 cm n namerp............
............................ Fxn oman -A helenium L.
1*. Pacrennx, nncoxn o 80 cm, nncrara no-xcn or 15 cm n no-recnn or 4 cm. Komnnuxnre
penn, o 12 mm n namerp .................2
2. Hnoonere ronn ....... Iepmancxn oman - I. germanica L.
2*. Hnoonere c npnnernann nnacnnxn.....................
...................... Fpnrancxn oman I. britannica L
Bnn ouan Inula helenium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nro, mececro, pasxnoneno rmnoxa]xno xopennme,
ornrpe enesnnxano, eeno o 5 cm, or xoero nsnnsar manxo na po nrn o 50 cm
npnarunn xopenn. Crnoro npano, nncoxo o 2,5 m, n onnara cn uacr mexonnaxnecro, xm
npxa nnnecro, cnao pasxnoneno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, epn, nepanno nasenn, orony
cnno-nnnecro nanncrenn; npnocnonnnre nncra nrn o 70 cm, nponronaro ennnrnunn,
ocrpn, crecnenn n nra pxxa; crnennre no-manxn (10-30 cm), nocrenenno namanxnamn
xm npxa na crnoro, es pxxa, oxnamamn crnoro cc cpnennnara cn ocnona.
Hneronere cpann n epn (6-8 cm n namerp) xomnnuxn, xonro na npxa na rnannoro crno
n pasxnonennxra my opasynar pexann mernnnn nnn mnrue. Komnnuxnre c onnnxa, ccranena
or xepemnoopasno napeenn senenn nncruera. Hneronere snarncroxnrn nrpemnnre
rpecrn, nepn]epnnre esnuecrn. Hnouerara npnsmarnunn, cnaenn c xnpunnxa (rano 27,
]nr. 3).
Cpema ce pxxo no nnaxnn cenuecrn mecra n ropnre rnanno n nsrounnre uacrn na crpanara n n
ynancxara nnsnna. H]rn mnn - cenremnpn.
Kopennmara n xopennre ca porara Rhizoma n Radix Inulae helenii. Te ce nsxonanar naecen
cne ormnpanero na nasemnara uacr nnn nanponer npen pasnnrnero . Hma mnpoxo
npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Iepuancxn ouan Inula germanica L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne e nsnpaneno, rcro enonnnecro crno, nncoxo 30-80 cm.
Hncrara nrn 4,5-10 cm, mnpoxn 1-3 cm, rcro-
(80)
nnaxnecrn, na-onnnre ynxenn, c pxxa, no npeme na n]rexa onxnoneno nscxnar,
ocranannre nponronaro nannernn o nannernn, rnn, nenoxpann, npncenann n cc
cpnennnara cn ocnona oxnamar crnoro. Komnnuxnre mnorouncnenn, 7-11 mm n
namerp, opasynamn mnronnno cnnerne. Onnnnnre nncruera or nnmnara crpana
npnnernano xnesncro nnaxnecrn, xepemnoopasno napeenn, nnmnnre xnennnn, mnpoxn
nourn 2 mm, nrpemnnre nannernn, no-recnn, ncnuxn xoxecrn. Hneronere xnrn,
nepn]epnnre xencxn, esnuecrn, nrn 8-11 mm, mnpoxn oxono 1 mm, 1-3 mm no-nrn or
onnnxara; nrpemnnre nnerone rpec-rn, nynononn, nrn o 6 mm. Hnoonere ronn, nrn
oxono 1,5 mm, c xnpunnxa or enn pe nnacnnxn (rano 27, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnnan, xpacranann n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bpn1ancxn ouan Inula britannica L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 15-75 cm, npocro nnn
pasxnoneno, rcro npnnernano nnaxnecro nnn nourn rono. Hncrara ynxeno xnennnn o
nannernn, rnn nnn cnao saocrpenn, nenoxpann nnn cnao nasenn, nrn 4-15 cm, mnpoxn
1-4 cm, orrope paspeeno nnaxnecrn, orony rcro nnaxnecrn; onnnre crecnenn n xca (1-5
cm) pxxa; no-ropnnre cc saxprnena nnn cpnennna ocnona, npncenann. Hnernnre
xomnnuxn ennnunn nnn no 2-4 n cnnerne, 2-5,5 cm n namerp. Onnnnnre nncruera nourn
enaxno nrn, npnnnsnrenno n na xpra, nnneno-nannernn, mnpoxn oxono 1 mm,
nnaxnecrn nnn xnesncrn, nsnnrn nasa. Hneronere snarncroxnrn. Esnuecrnre nnerone nrn
15-25 mm, mnpoxn 1,5 mm, nourn na nrn no-nrn or onnnxara, nrpemnnre rpecrn.
Hnoonere nrn oxono 1,3 mm, c npnnernann nnacnnxn n xnpunnxa or 15-25 uernnxn (rano
28, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn mecra n xaro ypen n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome 12 nna oman, xonro ce pasnnuanar or pasrneannre rpn nna.
Onxnonena nsmnnna Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne, noxpnro c nnacnnxn nnn npncenann xnesn. Crnoro
nncoxo 7-45 cm, uecro or ocnonara pasxnoneno. Hncrara nponronarn o xnennnn, nrn 1-
4 cm, mnpoxn 0,2-0,8 cm, nenoxpann nnn cnao nasenn, onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre cc
saxprnena ocnona, npncenann. Komnnuxnre mnoroponn, mnpoxn oxono 10 mm. Hncruerara
na onnnxara nnnenn o nnneno-nannernn, n nxxonxo xpra, neenaxnn, nnaxnecrn.
Hneronere cnernoxnrn. Esnuecrnre nnerone no-nrn or onnnxara, mnpoxn 0,6 mm,
nonxxora nnncnar; nrpemnnre nnerone rpecrn. Hnoonere xconnaxnecrn, nrn oxono 1,5
mm; xnpunnxara ccranena or na pea uernnxn nnmnnre cpacnann nn nn na xca
nasena xoponxa, a nrpemnnre no-nrn n rpanann (rano 28, ]nr. 1).
Ho nnaxnn mecra n mexy ypenn n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpema ome enn nn nmnnna Pulicaria dvsenterka (L.f Bernh.), xoxro e
mnororonmno pacrenne n esnuecrnre nnerone ca snaunrenno no-nrn or onnnxara.
(81)
Hepnoxoc Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg,
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco eeno xopennme. Crnoro ennnuno, nncoxo 90-
200 cm, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, xconnaxnecro, uecro uepnennxanoxa]xno. Hncrara
rnpe epn, orrope nourn ronn, orony ]nnonnaxnecrn, nono nnn npocro nasenn, nrn
15-20 cm, mnpoxn 6-12 cm, onnnre n cpennre c xca pxxa, mnpoxo rpnrnno cpnennnn
nnn cpnennnn, saocrpenn: ropnnre xnennnn nnn nponronarn, cc saonena nnn mnpoxo
xnnnonnna ocnona, npncenann nnn nourn npncenann. Komnnuxnre epn, 5-6 cm n
namerp, c ocra nra pxxa, cpann no 2-8 n xco rposonnno cnnerne. Onnnxara
nonyxnecra, ccranena or nxxonxo xpra xepemnoopasno napeenn nncruera, onanno o
onanno nannernn, rnn, c nsnnr nann npx. Hneronere rmnosnarncroxnrn, c esnuecrn
nnerone, recnn, mnoroponn, mnpoxn 1 mm, nono no-nrn or onnnxara; nrpemnnre
nnerone rpecrn. Hnernoro nerno c onannn o onanno nannernn npnnnernn nncruera.
Hnoonere ronn, nrn oxono 6 mm, nmecro c xnpunnxa c nasen p (rano 28, ]nr. 3).
Ho nnaxnn n xamennnnn mecra n xpa noronn n ropcxnx noxc na ncnuxn nnannnn mexy 800 n
2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Tpnenen y1pax Bidens tripartita L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rono, pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 15-100 cm.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nocrenenno crecnenn n xca xpnnara pxxa, pasenenn na 3-5
nannernn nnn nponronarn xna, c no-ep npxen xn, rpyo nasenn. Komnnuxnre 15-25
mm n namerp n ronxona nncoxn, nsnpanenn nnn ynncnann, ennnunn. Onnnxara
nonyxnecra nnn snnuennna, ccranena or 5-8 nnmnn, no-nrn or xomnnuxnre nncruera,
nrpemnnre no-xcn, onannn, cnno-xnrn. Hnernoro nerno c recnn npnnnernnnn, xonro
onaar saeno c nnoonere. Hneronere xa]xno-xnrn, nepn]epnnre xencxn ca esnuecrn,
nonxxora nnncnar; cpennre ca rpecrn. Hnoonere ronn, cnnecxann, c 2-4 ocnna, c nacouenn
nasa snn (rano 28, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce
n naponara mennnna.
Barpnnno nopyuue Anthemis tinctoria L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpanenn, npocrn nnn n ropnara cn
uacr pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn 20-80 cm, uecro uepnennxann. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
orrope ronn nnn nourn ronn, orony rcro nnaxnecrn, n omoro cn ouepranne npenronarn,
nepecro pasceuenn na nponronarn nasenn xnone. Hnernnre xomnnuxn ennnunn, na
nra pxxa, 2,5-4,5 cm n namerp, c onnnxa or xepemnoopasno napeenn nncruera,
npnnernano nnaxnecrn, nnmnnre nannernn, saocrpenn, nrpemnnre nponronarn, rnn.
Hnernoro nerno nonyxnecro, c ocrpn, nannernn npnnnernnnn. Hneronere cnernoxnrn o
opanxenn, nepn]epnnre esnuecrn, nrn 2-15 mm, pxxo nnncnar, nrpemnnre rpecrn.
Hnoonere cnernocnnn, na npxa c ocrp p nnn cncem xca xxnuxa (rano 29, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
(82)
sn1 pannen Achillea clvpeolata S. S.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, nxnoro rcro enonnaxnecro, c npocro, mnoro pxxo
pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 15-60 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nannernn, nepecro naenenn, c
onannn, nannernn nnn nrnecrn nasenn cermenrn, mnpoxn 2-5 mm; npnocnonnnre nncra
nrn 8-20 cm, mnpoxn 3-5 cm, na xca pxxa, ropnnre crnenn npncenann, xaro na-
onnnre nncrnn xnone nourn orpmar crnoro. Hnernnre xomnnuxn cpann n mnronnno
cnnerne n ca c namerp oxono 4 mm, na pxxa, nra oxono 2 mm, c ynxeno xnennnn
nnn nannernn onnnnn nncruera. Hneronere snarncroxnrn. Esnuecrnre nnerone nrn oxono
1 mm, saxprnenn, xaro cnoonara nm uacr e mnoro no-xca or onnnxara. Hnernoro nerno c
npn-nnernn nmcnnnn. Hnoonere nrnecrn, onxnoneno cnnecxann n es xnpunnxa.
Ho xamennnnn n cxanncrn mecra, npenmno npxy naponnr repen, no-uecro n mxnnre uacrn na
crpanara. H]rn ma cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bpa1nra Tanacetum vulgare L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c ronxm po nsnpanenn crna, nncoxn 40-160 cm, ronn
nnn nnaxnecrn, pasxnonenn na npxa, rcro onncrenn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, na-onnnre
na nra pxxa, ropnnre npncenann nnn nourn npncenann, nrn 15-25 cm, mnpoxn 5-10
cm, npocro nnn nono nepecro naceuenn, nnaxnecrn o ronn. Hnernnre xomnnuxn cpann n
ronxm po (o 100) n rcrn cnoxnn mnronnnn cnnernx no npxonere na pasxnonennxra, 8-
11 mm n namerp. Onnnnnre nncruera ronn, c nnnecr p, nnmnnre xnennnn,
nrpemnnre nannerno-xnennnn. Hnernoro nerno rono. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn, opanxeno-
xnrn, nrn 1,5-2,4 mm, nepn]epnnre no-nrn; esnuecrn nnerone nnncnar. Hnoonere
nponronarn, nrn 1,2-1,8 mm, c xoponxa, nra 0,2-0,4 mm, es xnpunnxa (rano 29, ]nr.
2).
Ho rpenncrn, ypenxcann mecra, xpa orpan n nrnma, ns xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn n
nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnernnre xomnnuxn (pora Flores Tanaceti) nnn
npxnnre crnenn uacrn saeno c nneronere n nncrara (pora Herba Tanaceti), xonro ce
cnpar no npeme na n]rexa.
Onxnonen nennn Artemisia absinthium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne o nonyxpacr c npnenenn npn ocnonara cn crna, cnnno
pasxnonenn n rcro onncrenn. Hxnoro pacrenne e rcro noxpnro cc cpepncroenn
nnacnnxn n nma cnnna npnxrna mnpnsma n ropunn nxyc. onnnre nncra nrn 4-12 cm, na
nra pxxa, nourn rpono nepecro pasceuenn; na-ropnnre npncenann, npocro nepecro
pasceuenn, a n sonara na cnnernero rpnennn o nenn. xnonere na ncnuxn nncra nnneno-
nannernn o nannernn, mnpoxn 2-3 mm. Hnernnre xomnnuxn 3-4 mm n namerp, ynncnann, c
xca pxxa, cpann no mnoro n cnoxnn ynncnann mernnnn. Onnnnnre nncruera n na pea,
cnnonnaxnecrn, rnn, c nnnecr p, nnmnnre nnneno-nannernn, nrpemnnre xnennnn.
Hnernoro nerno nnaxnecro. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn, xnrn, esnuecrn nnncnar. Hnoonere
nrn oxono 1,5 mm, nponronarn, es xnpunnxa nnn xoponxa (rano 29, ]nr. 3).
(83)
Cpema ce ns xpacranann, no rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, xpa orpan n nrnma n nxnara
crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn or mnn o oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre onncrenn npxnn uacrn (pora Herba
Absinthii), orpxsann na oxono 25 cm or npxa n nauanoro na n]rexa. Hamnpa mnpoxo
npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Hoen Tusilago farfara L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, n]rn pano nanponer, xaro opasyna nneronocnn crna,
noxpnrn c nmcnecrn uepnennxann nncra. Crnoro nncoxo 10-25 cm n sanpmna c ennnuna
xnra xomnnuxa, ccranena or nrpemnn rpecrn n nepn]epnn esnuecrn nnerone, c onnnxa
or nnneno-nannernn nncruera. Hnoonere c xna nyxecra xnpunnxa. Cne n]rexa resn
crna ynxxnar, a ce pasnnnar npnocnonnn saxprneno cpnennnn nncra o 30 cm n namerp,
no pa nasenn, orony enonnnecrn, orrope ronn, rmnosenenn, c pxxa, nra o 10 cm
(rano 30, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce n nxnara crpana no nnaxnn cnnen, nsxonn, xpa pexn n na pyrn mecra. H]rn mapr
ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar no-mnanre nncra (pora Folia FarIarae), xonro ce
cnpar saeno c pxxnre npes ma anrycr. Or noxa pennocr ce nsnonsyna n n
naponara mennnna.
Cspnennc1en nn cnsnuorne Doronicum columnae Ten.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rono xopennme. Crnoro nncoxo 12-60 cm, rono, camo
no xomnnuxara xnesncro nnaxnecro, nsnpaneno, cnao onncreno, na npxa cn c ena, mnom
pxxo c ne nnn rpn xomnnuxn. Hpnoc-nonnnre nncra nrn 3-8 cm, mnpoxn 3-7 cm, mnpoxn
saxprnenn o cpnennnn, na nra pxxa, epo nnnonnno nasenn, ronn nnn no pa
nnaxnecrn. Crnennre nncra ca 3-4, nocneonarennn, saxprneno xnennnn, oxnamamn
crnoro cc cpnennnara cn ocnona. Komnnuxnre 2-3 cm n namerp. Onnnxnre nncruera
nnneno-nannernn, saocrpenn, nrn 8-14 mm, xnesncro nnaxnecrn. Hnernoro nerno
nsnxnano, xconnaxnecro. Hneronere xnrn, nepn]epnnre esnuecrn, nrn 2-3,5 cm, nono
no-nrn or onnnxara, es xnpunnxa; nrpemnnre rpecrn c xnpunnxa or enaxnn,
nasenn nnacnnxn. Hnoonere nrnecrn, nrn 1,5-2,5 mm, c 10 nsnxnann pepa, ronn nnn c
pexn nnacnnxn (rano 30, ]nr. 2).
Ho xamennnnn n rpenncrn mecra, ns xpacranann n nnannncxnx n nncoxonnannncxnx noxc na
Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Pnna, 3anann Poonn, Hnpnn, Cnanxnxa, Ocorono
n Konxncxa nnannna. H]rn anpnn anrycr. Hsnonsyna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome nxxonxo nna nn cnnuorne, or xonro camo nsrounnxr (Doronicum
orientate Hoffm.) no nnmen nn e nnsx o onncannx nn. Hpn nero oaue nmcnnre na npxa
na xopennmero n ocnonara na pxxnre na onnnre nncra ca noxpnrn c xna nnna, oxaro
npn cpnenncrnnx nn cnnuorne resn uacrn ca ronn.
Cnopea Senecio L.
I. Hnernnre xomnnuxn es nepn]epnn esnuecrn nnerone..........
..................... Onxnonen cnopex - S. vulgaris L.
(84)
1*. Hnernnre xomnnuxn c ope pasnnrn nepn]epnn esnuecrn nnerone . 2 2. Bcnuxn nnoone
ronn .............................
...................... Iopcxn cnopex S. nemorensis L.
2*. Hepn]epnnre nnoone (or esnuecrnre nnerone) ronn, nrpemnnre
nnaxnecrn................. xoon cnopex S.facobaea L.
Iopcxn cnopea Senecio nemorensis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rcro onncreno, rono nnn cnao nnaxnecro
crno, nncoxo 50-200 cm. Hncrara nrn 5-20 cm, mnpoxn 1-7 cm, or onnara crpana no
cpenara xnnxa nnn no nxnara nonpxnocr nnaxnecrn, or ropnara nourn ronn; onnnre
crnenn nncra xnennnn nnn ennnrnunn, npemnnanamn n xca, nexcna pxxa, opn
nerypara nonxxora ce cnycxa no crnoro, ropnnre crnenn nncra ennnrnunn nnn ennn-
rnuno-nannernn, ncnuxn saocrpenn n npncenann. Komnnuxnre 20-35 mm n namerp, cpann
n mnronnno cnnerne. Hnernoro nerno rono. Onnnxara or enn pe nncruera, nrn 6-12
mm, ronn, npn ocnonara nm c 3-8 manxn npncnnernn nncruera. Hepn]epnnre nnerone
esnuecrn, 5-8 na po, nrn 12-15 mm, pxxo nnncnar, nrpemnnre rpecrn, ncnuxn xnrn.
Hnoonere nrn 4 mm, ronn, c xnpunnxa or npocrn nnacnnxn (rano 30, ]nr. 3).
Hs ropn, ropcxn nonxnn, xnononn xpacranann n no xamennnnn mecra n nnannnnre. H]rn
mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Rxoon cnopea Senecio facobaea L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno pec-ro crno, nncoxo 30-
150 cm, or nourn rono o naxxnnonnno nnaxnecro, na-uecro or cpeara cnnno pasxnoneno.
onnnre nncra nrn 10-20 cm, onxnoneno c nra pxxa, nponronaro oparno
xnennnn, rno nasenn nnn nnponnno nepecro napxsann, naxxnnonnno nnnecrn o
nourn ronn, ocranannre nncra npncenann, npn ocnonara na nerypara c ope pasnnrn
ymnuxn; cpennre crnenn nncra npocro nepecrn, a ropnnre nono nepecro pasenenn, c
nponronarn nnn nnnenn, nasenn nnn nepecro neenenn, rnn xnone. Hnernnre
xomnnuxn onxnoneno mnoroponn, 15-20 mm n namerp, cpann n npocra nnn pasxnonena
mnronnna mernnna. Onnnnnre nncruera 13 na po, nnneno-nannernn, saocrpenn, c manxn
npncnnernn nnnenn nncruera npn ocnonara nm. Hneronere snarncroxnrn, nnmnnre
esnuecrn, nrn oxono 10 mm, mnpoxn 2 mm, 12-15 na po, cpennre rpecrn. Hnoonere
nponronaro nnnnnpnunn, nrn 2-3 mm, or esnuecrnre nnerone ronn, or rpecrnre
nnaxnecrn, c necno onaama xnpunnxa (rano 30, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce no cyxn rpenncrn mecra, ns xpacranann, nnnan, paspeenn ropn n nxnara crpana
oxm 1800 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonen cnopea Senecio vulgaris L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno (pxxo mnororonmno) pacrenne c nncoxo crno (10-60 cm),
rono nnn naxxnnonnno nnaxnecro, npocro nnn pasxnoneno. Hncrara ronn nnn cnao
naxxnnonnno nnaxnecrn, nrn 2-10 cm,
(85)
nponronaro nonaronnnn, noxo napxsann nnn pasenenn, c nasenn xnone; onnnre
crecnenn n pxxa, ropnnre npncenann, nonyoxnamamn crnoro. Komnnuxnre
nnnnnpnunn, 4-5 mm n namerp, cpann no mnoro n pxxo mnronnno cnnerne. Bnmnnre
nncruera na onnnxara 4-6 nrn no-xcn or nrpemnnre, na npxa cn nsuepnn. Hneronere
snarncroxn-rn, nourn nnnarn camo rpecrn. Hnoonere nrn 1,5-2,0 mm, nnaxnecrn, c
nra xnpunnxa (rano 31, ]nr. 1).
Ho opnnnn, xpa crpan, xaro nnenen ns oxonnn xynrypn, no nacnma n sanycrenn mecra n
nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn anpnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara my uacr (pora Herba Senecionis vulgaris),
xoxro ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar oxono 18 nna cnopex, no onxnonennxr cnopex ne moxe a ce opxa c pyr
nn, samoro camo ro e c napxsann nncra n es esnuecrn nnerone. Hecno ce pasnosnana n
xxoonnxr cnopex, na xoro nepn]epnnre nnoone ca ronn, a nrpemnnre nnaxnecrn. Hpn
ocranannre nnone ncnuxn nnoone ca ronn nnn nnaxnecrn. Xapaxrepnn enesn sa ropcxnx
cnopex, xonro ne ce nonrapxr npn pyrn nnone c nenn nncra, ca ronemnxr po xomnnuxn n
esnuecrn nnerone (5-8).
Hpeceuxa Cnicus benedictus L.
Enoronmno pacrenne, nncoxo o 40-50 cm, or ocnonara pasxnoneno, uecro es rnanno
crno, no c nexamn nnn npnnonnramn ce enonnnecrn xnonxn, sanpmnamn c xomnnuxa.
Hncrara nponronaro nannernn, npnocnonnnre nrn o 30 cm, mnpoxn 8 cm, na-onnnre c
pxxa, noxo nasenn nnn nepecro napxsann c onnnn snn n xnone; cpennre n
ocoeno ropnnre npncenann n oxnamamn crnoro nnn xnonxnre, ncnuxn nnaxnecrn.
Komnnuxnre ennnunn, epn, nrn o 4 cm, mnpoxn o 2 cm, oxpxenn or na-ropnnre
onnnn nncra. Onnnnnre nncruera n nxxonxo pea, nnmnnre xcn, sanpmnamn c npocr
onn, a nrpemnnre no-nrn, c no-nr nepecr onn. Hneronere xnrn, rpecrn,
xpannre esnnonn. Hnoonere nnnnnpnunn, nrn 7-8 mm n c xnpunnxa, ccranena or 8-
10 nasenn npocrn uernnxn n or mnoroponn pyrn no-xcn (rano 31, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n Tpaxncxara pannnna, Rronsrouna Fnrapnx,
Hsrounn n Cpenn Poonn, Crpymcxara onnna n xpa pera na uepno mope. H]rn mnn
anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bsnnec1 acnyp1 Carthamus lanatus L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne, nxnoro naxxnnonnno nnaxnecro. Crnoro nsnpaneno, na
npxa pasxnoneno, nncoxo 25-100 cm, rcro onncreno. Hncrara xoxecrn, xnesncrn, onnnn,
na-onnnre mnpoxo nannernn, n ocnonara cn pasmnpenn n npncenann; cpennre n ropnnre
xco nannernn, cc cpnennnara cn ocnona oxnamar crnoro, ncnuxn nepecro napxsann o
nnnaro nasenn. Komnnuxnre ennnunn no npxonere na xnonxnre, nrn 3,5-4 cm,
mnpoxn 2-2,5 cm, oxpxenn or na-ropnnre nncra, xonro nocrenenno npemnnanar n
nncruerara na onnnxara. Onnnnnre nncruera nnneno-nannernn, epn, sanpmnamn c
onnue. Hneronere rpecrn, xnrn, c uepnennxann xnnxn. Hnoonere xnennnn, nrn o
5 mm, uern-
(86)
pnpecrn, ronn. Xnpunnxnre ccranenn or nxxonxo nnnenn, pecnnuecrn nmcnnuxn (rano
31, ]nr. 3).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
He1nnc1o npon1nue Hvpochaeris maculata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, npocro nnn c 2-3 pasxnonennx na
npxa, nncoxo 15-100 cm, xconnaxnecro n esnncrno nnn c 1-2 nncruera n nxxonxo nmcnnuxn
na npxa. Hncrara nrn 4-30 cm, ennnrnunn, nponronarn o xnennnn, cpann n poserxa,
nenoxpann nnn nasenn, crecnenn xm ocnonara cn, npncenann, nnaxnecrn. Komnnu-xnre
epn, mnpoxn 4,5-6 cm, nnaxnecrn, ennnunn nnn no nxxonxo na nra pxxa, xoxro no
xomnnuxara e saeenena. Onnnnnre nncruera cnnpan-no napeenn n nxxonxo xpra.
Hnernoro nerno c recnn, nannernn nmcnecrn npnnnernnnn. Hneronere esnuecrn, xnrn,
nono no-nrn or onnnxara, cnao nnaxnecrn. Hnoonere nnnnnpnunn, nrn 10-17 mm, c
nra uonxa n xnpunnxa, ccranena or enn pe nepecrn uernnxn (rano 31,]nr. 4).
Hs cenuecrn mecra, xpa ropn n ropcxn nonxnn, no nnannncxn nnnan na 1000 m n. n. H]rn
ma oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Annana xosn paa Tragopogonpratensis L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mneuen cox, c nsnpaneno npocro nnn
pasxnoneno, rono nnn cnao naxxnnonnno nnaxnecro crno, nncoxo 30-70 cm. Hncrara
nnneno-nannernn, mnpoxn 4-20 mm, ronn, npncenann, n ocnonara cn pasmnpenn,
nonyoxnamamn crnoro, nonxxora no pa nnnonnnn, onnnre nrn 10-40 cm, ropnnre
3-8 cm. Kom-nnuxnre epn, onxnoneno ennnunn na npxa na crnoro. Onnnxara
ccranena or enn xpr nncruera, xonro n ocnonara cn oruacrn ca cpacnann nomexy cn.
Hneronere esnuecrn, xnrn. Hnoonere nrn 16-22 mm, crecnenn n uonxa, panna na
npnocnonnara uacr; xnpunnxara ccranena or enn pe nepecrn uernnxn, xonro npn ocnonara
cn ca cpacnann nomexy cn (rano 32,]nr. 1).
Cpema ce ocra uecro no cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx. H]rn mnn
anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Kounacna cana1a Lactuca serriola L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno pacrenne c mneuen cox, c nsnpaneno pasxnoneno crno,
nncoxo 30-150 cm, n onnara cn uacr c onnnn, xopann uernnxn. Hncrara ronn, cnnxann,
orony no cpenara xnnxa onnnn, onnnre pasaneueno nnnonnno nepecro naceuenn n
onnno nasenn, c opnarn nasa onnnn xnone; onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann,
nonyoxnamamn crnoro n cc crpenonnnn ymnuxn. Cnnernero ynxena nnpamnanna
mernnna. Onnnnnre nncruera ronn, nrn 8-12 mm, na npxa cn uepnennxann. Hneronere
neoxnrn. Hnoonere cnnecxann, nsuepnn, c no 5-7 pepa or ncxxa crpana, nrn 3 mm, na
npxa c uonxa n xnpunnxa or enn nepecrn uernnxn, napeenn n nxxonxo pea (rano 32, ]nr.
2).
(87)
Ho rpenncrn mecra, nsxonn, xpa nrnma, ns nocenn n oxonnn xynrypn n nxnara crpana oxm
1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Inyxapue Taraxacum officinale Web.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mneuen cox. Kopenr npan, onxnoneno nepasxnonen,
nr 20-60 cm, mnpox 1-3 cm, ornn uepneno-xa]xn, ornrpe xn. Hncrara npnocnonnn,
cpann n poserxa, ocra napnpama no ]opma nnneno-nannerna nnn nponronaro
nannernn, nrn o 50 cm, ronn nnn cnao nnaxnecrn, nasenn o noxo nnnonnno
napxsann, nepecro pasceuenn nnn pasenenn. Hneronere cpann n cnnerne xomnnuxa, no
ena na npxa na esnncrno, xyxo, nnnnnpnuno crno, nncoxo o 50 cm. Komnnuxara epa, c
mnoroponn xnrn esnuecrn nnerone, onnra cc senenn onnnnn nncruera. Hnoonere
penn, nrn 3-4 mm, na npxa c xnpunnxa or enn nnacnnxn (rano 32, ]nr. 3).
Pasnpocrpaneno e n nxnara crpana no rpenncrn mecra n nsocranenn semn, xpa nrnma,
mnoro uecro xaro ypen. ocrnra nourn o 2500 m n. n. H]rn npes nennx nererannonen ceson
or mapr o noemnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna rnanno xopenr (pora Radix Taraxaci). Ho-manxo
npnnoxenne nma nxnoro pacrenne saeno c xopennre, roero ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa.
Kopennre ce nsnaxar naecen, xoraro nncrara sanounar a ynxxnar, nnn npes nponerra n
nauanoro na pasnnrnero nm (mapr anpnn). Hma ronxma ynorpea n n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonena pynnnxa Hieracium pilosella L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mneuen cox, c nrn n rnxn ns-nxn, no xonro
nncruerara nocrenenno namanxnar no pasmep. Hncrara npnocnonnn, nponronaro xnennnn
o nannernn, nrn 10-120 mm, mnpoxn 5-20 mm, orrope senenn, uernnecro nnaxnecrn, orony
enonnnecrn, nenoxpann, pxxo cnrno nasenn. Crnoro npocro, xm npxa pxxo
pasnoeno, enonnnecro, nnaxnecro nnn xnesncro, nonxxora rono, esnncrno, nncoxo 5-30 cm
n sanpmna na npxa c ena nnerna xomnnuxa. Onnnnnre nncruera nnneno-nannernn, nrn
6-12 mm, saocrpenn, nnaxnecrn o enonnnecrn, rcro xnesncrn. Hneronere esnuecrn,
neoxnrn, xpannre c uepnenn ueprn. Hnoonere nnnnnpnunn, c 10 cnao nsnnrn
nanxnn pepa n c xnpunnxa or enn pe ne cncem enn uernnxn (rano 32, ]nr. 4).
Ho ropcxn nonxnn, rpenncrn mecra n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 2000 m n. n.
H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B mennnnara ce ynorpexna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Hieracii pilosellae), xoxro ce
epe n nauanoro na n]rexa.
EHOCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
1. unnxr ropen oxononnernnre nncruera npnxpenenn no nero. Tnunnxnre
6......................................2
1*. unnxr onen oxononnernnre nncruera npnxpenenn na nero. Tnunnxnre 3...........
Fnarnanepynnxa Iris pseudacorus L.
2. Bncoxo pasxnonenn rpenncrn pacrennx c nnaxnecrn nncra, cpann n
(88)
cnonuera npxy crnoro n xnonnre.........................
..................... 3aua cxnxa Asparagus officinalis L.
2*. Pacrennx c epn, mnpoxo ennnrnunn, nannnenn nncra, nrn 20-25 cm, mnpoxn o 18
cm........ Fxna uemepnxa Jeralrum album L.
CEM. KPEMOBH - LILI ACEAE
Bnna ueuepnxa Jeratnim album L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xonyconnno xopennme, c ronxm po saeenenn
xopenn. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo 70-150 cm, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, n ocnonara cn
onnro c nncrnn nnarannma, noxpnro c mexn nnacnnxn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, onnnre
mnpoxo ennnrnunn, ropnnre nannernn, no-penn, orrope ronn, orony rcro nyxecrn, c ro-
nnno xnnxynane. Cnnernero mernnuecro. Hneronere xnro-senenn, c 6 enaxnn
oxononnernn nncruera, pasnonoxenn n na xpra, ennnrnunn, c npnnnernnnn. Tnunnxnre 6, n
na xpra. unnxr ropen, c 3 crnuera. Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa. O1ponno! (rano
33, ]nr. 1).
Ho nnaxnn nnannncxn nonxnn, xpa noronn n xpacranann nn ncnuxn nncoxn nnannnn mexy
800 n 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsynar xopennmero n xopennre (pora Rhizoma Veratrii cum radicibus).
Te ce nsxonanar npes ecenra, cne yspxnanero na cemenara, xoraro nncrara sanounar a
ynxxnar, nnn pano nanponer, npen a e sanounano pasnnrnero na pacrennero.
3anua cnnxa Asparagus officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnnno pasnnro xopennme, noxpnro c nmcnn. Crnoro
nncoxo 50-150 cm, nsnpaneno, rono, cnnno pasxnoneno, xaro xnonxnre nsnnsar no ocrp rn.
Hncrara nn nn na nmcnnnn, n nasnnre na xonro ce pasnnnar cnonuera c 3-6(8) rnxn, 1-3 cm
nrn nnmxonn-nn senenn xnonxn, samecrnamn cmnncxnre nncra. Hneronere enonononn,
nyomnn, snnuennnn, cpann no 1-2, c xca pxxa, c unenue no cpeara n c npocr 6-
nncren xnrennxanosenen oxononnernnx, c nncruera, pasnonoxenn n na xpra. Tnunnxnre 6.
unnxr ropen. Hnor uepnena xnecra xroa (rano 33, ]nr. 2).
Cpema ce pxxo ns xpacranann n rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar xopennmero n xopennre (pora Rhizoma et Radix
Asparagii), xonro ce nsxonanar npes cenremnpnoxromnpn, n nasemnara uacr (Herba
Asparagii), xoxro ce epe nanponer. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HEPYHHKOBH IRIDACEAE
Bna1na nepynnxa Iris pseudacorus L.
Pacrenne c eeno xopennme n crno, nncoxo o 1,5 m, pasxnoneno, c mnpoxo nnnenn,
nenoxpann, meuonnnn nncra, mnpoxn o 2,5 cm. Hnero-
(89)
nere npannnnn, c nra pxxa, cpann no 3-8 na pasxnonennxra na crnoro, npn ocnonara
nm c onnnxa or 1-3 npnnnernnxa, nonxxora mexypecro noyrn. Oxononnernnxr n onnara cn
uacr xaro xca rpnna, nnmnnre nncruera nrn o 7 cm, xnrn, xnennnn, no cpeara c
opanxeno nerno n nypnypnn xnnxn, nrpemnnre penn, nnnenn, no-xcn n no-recnn or
xnonere na crtnuero. Crnuero na npxa rpnenno, cc cnnno cnnecxann nenuennnn
xnone, xonro na npxa cn ca noxo nypasennn; npamnnnnre ca no rxx. unnxr onen.
Hnor xyrnxa (rano 33, ]nr. 3).
Ho sanarenn n mouypnnnn mecra n xpa nooemn n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
npes ma n mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(90)
BHAKH C KAmRBH HBETOBE H CTHBETHR
BYCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
HECPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Hncrara nannernn o nnneno-nannernn, mnpoxn o 1,5 cm, na-uecro cpemynonoxnn
................ Paxnra Salix purpurea L.
1*. Hncrara xnennnn o saxprnenn, no-mnpoxn or 3 cm, nocneonarennn
..........................................2
2. Hnor nanooxna manxa mnmapxa. Kpapeunn pacrennx.......
..................... uepna enma Alnus glutinosa Gaerth.
2*. Hnor nemnnx. Pacre no cyxn mecra ...................
............................ Hecxa Corvlus avellana L.
CEM. BTPBOBH SAUCACEAE
Paxn1a Salix purpurea L.
Xpacr, nncox o 5 m, c xnnann xnonxn, ornauano uepnennxann, no-xcno xnro-cnnn, ronn.
Hncrara na-uecro cpemynonoxnn, npncenann (var. amplexicaulis Boiss.), pxxo c xca
pxxa n nocneonarennn (var. purpurea), or nere crpann nannno ronn, nannernn o
nannerno-nnnenn, nrn 4-12 cm, mnpoxn 1,0-1,5 cm, saocrpenn, n ocnonara saxprnenn n
nenox-pann, pxxo nennre nenoxpann nnn o ocnonara nasenn. nyomno pacrenne.
Hneronere es oxononnernnx, pasnonoxenn, n rcrn pecn, xonro ce pasnnnar npen nncrara n
ca cnaenn npn ocnonara cn c nxxonxo penn nncruera. B ocnonara na ncexn nnxr ce namnpa
no ena npnnnerna nmcna, xoxro n ropnnx cn xpa e uepnena o nsuepna. Mxxnre nnerone c
no 2 cpacnann rnunnxn n ena nexrapna xnesa npn ocnonara nm. Xencxnre nnerone c enn
npncenan xunnx, c xco crtnue n nexrapna xnesa. Mxxnre pecn nrn o 5 cm n eenn
o 1 cm, a xencxnre nrn 2-3 cm n eenn 0,5 cm. Hnor xocmara, pasnyxnama ce xyrnxa
(rano 34, ]nr. 1).
Kpa pexn n nxnara crpana oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn mapr ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna rnanno xopara (pora Cortex Salicis), xoxro ce cnpa
pano nanponer. B naponara mennnna ce ynorpexnar n nncrara, no-pxxo n pecnre.
CEM. BPE3OBH BETULACEAE
Hepna enma Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.
pno, nncoxo o 35 m, pxxo xpacr, cc cnno-uepna nanyxana xopa. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
oparno xnennnn, nrn 3-9 cm, mnpoxn 3-7 cm,
(91)
na npxa saxprnenn n npxsann, xm ocnonara xnnnonnno crecnenn, ornauano nenxann,
nnnonnno napxsann nnn nexcno nasenn. Hncrnara pxxa nra. Oxononnernnxr npocr,
4-enen. Mxxnre nnerone c no 4 rnunnxn, cpann n nnnnnpnunn ynncnann pecn,
pasnonoxenn no npxonere na xnonxnre no 3 n nasnnre na uepneno-xa]xnn noxpnnnn nmcnn.
Xencxnre cnnernx pasnonoxenn no mxxnre pecn c ]opma na xcn onannn mnmapxn, no 2 n
nasnnre na ocoenn nmcnn, xonro npn nnoonere npnenxnar n opasynar cnnonx,
nanooxnamn mnmapxn. Te ca xnennnn, saxprnenn, nrn 1-2 cm n 1 cm n namerp, cnno-
uepnn. Hnor esxpnno, saxprneno uepnennxanoxa]xno opexue (rano 34, ]nr. 2).
Kpa pexnre n n nnsnnnre n nxnara crpana n n onnnx nnannncxn noxc oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn npes ]enpyapn n mapr.
B ctnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar spennre mnmapxn (pora Fructus Alni), nncrara
(Folia Alni) n xopara (Cortex Alni). Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AECKOBH CORYLACEAE
Onxnonena necxa Corvlus avellana L.
Xpacr, nncox o 5 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, oparno xnennnn, saxprnenn o onannn,
nrn o 13 cm, mnpoxn 6-10 cm, xm npxa nsnenx crecnenn n saocrpenn, n ocnonara
cpnennnn, c xca pxxa (0,5-1 cm), no pa cn nenpannnno ocrpo nono nannnenn.
Hneronere enonononn, enoom-nn n ce pasnnnar pano nanponer npen pasnncrnanero.
Mxxnre nnerone cpann n ynncnann nnnnnpnunn pecn, no 2-4 n rpyna, nrn o 8 cm.
Oxononnernnx nnncna. Bcexn mxxn nnxr ccranen or 4 pasnoenn rnunnxn, npnxpenenn xm
nasnara na xa]xnoxnrennxana nmcna, cpacnann c npnnnernnnnre. Xencxnre nnerone
pasnonoxenn no na n manxn nnxonnnn opasynannx, or xonro no npeme na n]rexa ce
noanar camo uepnennre nnsanna. Hnor enocemenen, nepasnyxnnn (nemnnx); onxnoneno
nemnnnnre ca cpann n rpyna no 3-5; nnonara onnnxa nn nn na uamxa, nenpannnno n
noxo nspxsana, nra xonxoro camnx nemnnx nnn no-xca or nero (rano 34, ]nr. 3).
Hs xpacranannre, xaro nonec n ropnre, ocoeno no xpanmara nm n ns ceunma. Bnpoxo
pasnpocrpanen e n nxnara crpana oxm 1800 m n. n. H]rn ]enpyapn anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nnoonere (pora Fructus Coryli avellanae), xopara
(Cortex Coryli avellanae), xoxro ce cnpa nanponer, n nncrara (Folia Coryli avellanae).
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Hncrara pexonnnn, nenoxpann....................
....................... Konnrnnx Asarurn europaeum L..
1*. Hncrara c pyra ]opma.....,......................2
2. Hneronere npannnnn, cpann n rcro xnaconnno cnnerne; nenuero
nro 2-3 mm. Hncrara cpann n npnocnonna poserxa..............
............................. Xnnonnex PlantagoL.
2*. Hneronere nyycrnn, nenpannnnn, cpann n mernnuecrn nnn rposo-
nnnn cnnernx. Benuero no-nro or 5 mm ....................
.................... Cem. Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae
(92)
CEM. KOHHTHHKOBH ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Konn1nnx Asarum europaeutn L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno nnsxmo xopennre. Crnoro xco, nonernano,
nro 2-10 cm, c 3 xa]xnn nmcnn n ocnonara cn, nrn 1 -2 cm. Hncrara 2-3 na po, c nra
pxxa (o 10 cm), npesnmynamn, pexonnnn o saxprnenn, mnpoxn 5-10 cm, cc
cpnennna ocnona, neno-xpann, ncxann. Hneronere ennnunn, npxnn, c npocr
snnuennen oxononnernnx, nr oxono 1,5 cm, 3-enen, nnonerono-xa]xn, c rpnrnno
xnennnn xnone, no-xcn or rpnnara. Tnunnxnre 12. unnxr onen, 6-rnes-en, c 6
crnuera, cpacnann n ocnonara cn. Hnor 6-rnesna xyrnxa. O1ponno!(rano 34, ]nr. 4).
Bn nnaxnn n cenuecrn, na-uecro yxonn ropn n npennannnnre n nnannnnre mexy 300 n
1200 m n. n. H]rn mapr mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnoro pacrenne saeno c xopennmero (pora Herba et
Rhizoma Asari). Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HBEHHHEBH SCROPHULARIACEAE
1. Hncrara nocneonarennn. Hneronere noennnunn n nasnnre na nan-
nernn npnnnernnnn, epn...............................
................ Pxnn nanpcrnnx - Digitalisferruginea L.
1*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn. Hneronere cpann no nxxonxo n nonycennnnn c oma pxxa,
pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na nncrara nnn n mernnna na npxa na crnoro..................................2
2. Crnoro uernprnro, c rxcno xpnnarn pone. Kopennmero nsnecro, ne e rpyxonnno
saeeneno. xnonere na uamxara c nnnecr p, no-mnpox or 0,5 mm......................................
............. Kpnnaro xnnennue Scrophularia umbrosa Dum.
2*. Crnoro uernprnro, no es pepa. Kopennmero rpyxotnno saeeneno. xnonere na
uamxara c nnnecr p, no-recnn or 0,5 mm.........
............... Bsnecro xnnennue Scrophularia nodosa L.
Bssnec1o annennue Scrophularia nodosa L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rono crno, nncoxo 40-80 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
onanno nannernn, saocrpenn, n ocnonara cn saxprnenn, nrn 5-15 cm, mnpoxn 2-8 cm,
nasenn, c pxxa, nra o 2,5 cm. Hneronere c pxxa, nra 2 cm, noxpnra c xa]xnn,
nourn uepnn xnesncrn nnacnnxn n cpann no 3 4 n nonycennnnn n nasnnre na nncrara,
ncnuxn opasynamn nponronaro, nro o 45 cm mernnuecro cnnerne, c nnnenn
npnnnernnnn. uamxara xca (1,7-2,5 mm), rona, na npxa 5-enna. Benuero nro 7-10 mm,
nyycrno, uepnennxanoxa]xno. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn nn nenuero. unnxr ropen. Hnor
xyrnxa, pasnyxnama ce na ne uacrn. O1ponno! (rano 35, ]nr. 1).
(93)
Cpema ce no cenuecrn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx o 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma oxromnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Kpnna1o annennue Scrophularia umbrosa Dum. (S. alata Gibb.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno rono xpnnaro crno, nncoxo 40-120 cm.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro nannernn, saocrpenn, nasenn, nrn o 9 cm,
mnpoxn o 4 cm, n ocnonara saxprnenn, c pxxa, nra o 5 cm. Hneronere no 3 na oma
xnesncra pxxa (oxaro pxxnre na orennnre nnerone ca ronn) n o 1 cm nrn, cpann n
nponronaro mernnuecro cnnerne, nro o 25 cm; npnnnernnnnre nannernn. uamxara 5-
enna, rona, nra 2-3 mm. Benuero nyycrno, nro 5-6 mm, cc senena rpnna n cpeen xn
na onnara ycrna, a ocrananara my uacr senennxanoxa]xna. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn n rpnnara.
unnxr ropen. Hnor xyrnxa. O1ponno!(rano 35, ]nr. 2).
Cpema ce no nnaxnn n mouypnnnn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Psann nanpsc1nnx Digitalis fermginea L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rono, npocro, nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 30-70 cm, n
poserxa npnocnonnn nncra. Hncrara nponronaro nannernn o nannernn, nenoxpann, ronn
nnn cnao pecnnuecrn, nocneonarennn, nrn 7-20 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-2,5 cm, n ocnonara
crecnenn n pxxa, nra 2-4 cm. Hneronere cpann nn npxno rposonnno cnnerne,
nro 15-25 cm, naneeno, na eenn pxxn, nrn 2-5 mm, n nasnnre na nannernn
npnnnernnnn. uamxara rpecra, 5-enna, cc saxprnenn, no pa cn nnnecrn enuera, nrn
7-10 mm. Benuero nyycrno, nro 16-35 mm, xa]xno nnn xnro-xa]xno c pxnnn nnn
nnoneronn nerna, c rpnna, nra 8-10 mm, xnecro nsyra, c neenaxno nrn ropna n
onna ycrna. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr ropen. Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa. O1ponno! (rano
35, ]nr. 3).
Hs ropnre n Crapa nnannna, Rrosanana Fnrapnx, Crpanxa n Rronsrouna Fnrapnx.
H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HBOBAEKOBH PLANTAGINACEAE
nnonnex Plantago L.
1. Hncrara mnoro no-nrn, orxonxoro mnpoxn, nnneno-nannernn nnn
nannernn........................................
............... Hanneronncren xnnonnex P. lanceolataL.
1*. Hncrara 2-4 nrn no-nrn, orxonxoro mnpoxn, xnennnn nnn mnpoxo
ennnrnunn....................................
........................ Ionxm xnnonnex P. maforL.
(94)
Aanne1onnc1en annonnex Plantago lanceolata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, nourn rono nnn noxpnro c mxecrn nnacnnxn, c nannernn
nnn nnneno-nannernn nncra, c 3-7 nourn ycnopenn xnnxn, c xca pxxa, nenoxpann nnn
cnao nasenn, ccnuxn cpann n npnocnonna poserxa. Hneronere no mnoro n rcro
nnnnnpnuno cnnerne, nro 1-7 cm, na npxa na esnncren nneronocen crpx, nncox 8-60
cm. uamxara 4-enna, nenuero rpecro, xm ropnnx xpa 4-enno, nnnecro, nro oxono 2-3
mm, cnernoxa]xno cc cnernoxa]xnn npnnnernnnn. Tnunnxnre 4, c nrn pxxn. unnxr
ropen. Hnor nyrnesna xyrnxa, nra oxono 3 mm, c no eno ceme nn ncxxo rneso (rano
35, ]nr. 4).
Hs nnnan, cyxn rpenncrn n necxnnnn mecra, xpa nrnma n crpan n na pyrn mecra n
nxnara crpana o 2000 m n.n. H]rn anpnn cenremnpn. B cnpemennara mennnna ce
nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Plantaginis lanceolatae), xonro ce epar no npeme na n]rexa,
cemenara (Semen Plantaginis lanceolatae) n npecnnxr cox. Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n
naponara mennnna.
Ionnu annonnex Plantago mafor L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mnpoxn, xnennnn nnn ennnrnu-nn nncra, nsnenx
crecnenn n xca pxxa, nenoxpann nnn n ocnonara cn cnao nasenn, ncnuxn cpann n
npnocnonna poserxa. Hneronere cpann n nnnnnpnuno cnnerne, nro 2-40 cm, n ocnonara
cn paspeeno, panno nnn no-xco or esnncrnnx crpx. uamxara 4-enna, nra 1,5-2,5 mm,
nenuero rpecro, 4-enno, nro oxono 2 mm, cnernoxa]xno, c rmnn enuera. Tnunnxnre 4.
unnxr ropen. Hnor nyrnesna xyrnxa (rano 36, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce xaro ypen no nnaxnn rpenncrn mecra, n nsxonn, xpa nrnma n crpan n nxnara
crpana. H]rn mnn oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nannno pasnnrnre nncra (pora Folia Plantaginis
majoris), xonro ce epar no npeme na n]rexa. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
EHOCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
1. Hneronere c ope pasnnr oxononnernnx, c 6 rmnoxa]xnn nncruera, napeenn n na xpra,
c ropen xunnx n cpann n mernnuecro cnnerne. Hncrara epn, mnpoxo xnennnn, mnpoxn
o 20 cm.................
.................... uepna uemepnxa Jeratrum nigrum L.
1*. Hneronere es oxononnernnx, saonxonenn or cnernoxa]xnn nnacnn-xn n cpann n
nnnnnpnuno cnnerne xouan. Hncrara nnnenn, mnpoxn o 10mm.......... Tecnonncren
nanyp Tvphaangustifolia L.
CEM. HAHYPOBH - TYPHACEAE
Tecnonnc1en nanyp Tvpha angustifolia L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nro nnsxmo xopennme. Hneronocnoro crno nncoxo
o 2 m, es nsnn n mexynsnnx, onxnoneno onnc-
(95)
reno n na npxa c eno (pxxo c ne nnn noneue) xencxo cnnerne n na nero, oraneueno,
eno mxxo cnnerne xouan. Hncrara nnocxn, nnnenn, recnn, mnpoxn 4-10 mm, es cpena
xnnxa n c ycnopeno xnnxynane, no-nrn or cnnernero. Hneronere es oxononnernnx.
Xencxnre n mxxnre cnnernx nrn oxono 10-35 cm, pasaneuenn eno or pyro na 3-10 cm,
cnernoxa]xnn. Mxxnxr nnxr c 1-7 rnunnxn, c pasnonoxenn oxono rxx mnoxecrno nnacnnxn.
Xencxnxr nnxr camo or pasnonoxen na nra pxxa nnonnx c ropen xunnx, saonxonen or
mnoro nnacnnxn (rano 36, ]nr. 2).
Ho sacroxnn n annoreuamn non n xpa mouypnma n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1200 m n. n.
H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac nma ome 2 nna nanypn, no npn ennnx mxxnxr n xencxnxr xouan ce onnpar n
nncrara ca no-mnpoxn or 1 cm, a npn pyrnx nn nncrara ca nsnxnann n xencxnxr xouan ne e
no-nr or 6-7 cm.
CEM. KPEMOBH - ULIACEAE
Hepna ueuepnxa Jeratrum nigrum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, n ropnara uacr pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 60-
120 cm, noxpnro c mexn nnacnnxn, a n cnnernero nourn nannacreno. Hpnocnonnnre nncra
mnpoxo ennnrnunn, ronn, nrn 20-40 cm, mnpoxn 6-20 cm, saocrpenn, nocrenenno
namanxnamn xm npxa na crnoro, nannnenn. Hneronere mnoroponn, onxnoneno
cpann n mer-nnuecro cnnerne, nro 30-60 cm. Oxononnernnxr npocr, nenuennen, c 6
rmnoxa]xnn nnn rmnouepnenn enaxnn nncruera, pasnonoxenn n 2 xpra, oxono 1,5 cm n
namerp; nnernnre pxxn pannn nnn manxo no-nrn or oxononnernnxa, xno nannacrenn,
npn ocnonara cn c xcn nannernn npnnner-nnnn. Tnunnxnre 6, nanononnna no-xcn or
oxononnernnxa. unnxr ropen. Hnor xnennna xyrnxa. O1ponno! (rano 36, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce ns xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn n Ceneponsrouna Fnrapnx, 3anana Crapa nnannna,
Kmcrennncxo, Cpenn Poonn n na pyrn mecra. H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
(96)
BHAKH CTC CHHH H CHHLO-BHOAETOBH HBETOBE
BYCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
HECPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Oxononnernnxr npocr, ccranen or enn xpr nncruera ........
....................... Cem.Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae
1 *. Oxononnernnxr ccranen or 2 nnn noneue xpra nncruera, or xonro nrpemnnxr nnn
nrpemnnre xprone ccrannxnar nenuero; nonxxora nncruerara n na nara xpra ca
uamxonnnn, senenn.................2
2. Hneronere npannnnn..............................
....................... Cem.Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae
2. Bcnuxn nnerone nenpannnnn nnn xpannre nnerone n cnnernero nenpannnnn, a
nrpemnnre npannnnn.........................3
3. Tnunnxnre no-manxo or 10.........................4
3*. Tnunnxnre 10 nnn noneue..........................5
4. Tnunnxnre 8........... Cem.Tenuapxonn Polvgalaceae
4*. Tnunnxnre 5 ............ Cem. Temenyronn Jiolaceae
5. Tnunnxnre 10, cpacnann c pxxara nn nn na rpnna.........
............................ Cem.Foonn Fabaceae
5. Tnunnxnre mnoroponn, cnoonn ....................
....................... Cem.Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae
CEM. AKTHKOBH RANUNCULACEAE
t. Hneronere nenpannnnn ...........................2
1*. Hneronere npannnnn............................3
2. Hneronere c nra mnopa...........................
............. Onxnonena pannna Consolida regalis S. F. Grav
2*. Hneronere nn nn na mnem, es mnopa..................
.................. Cnnx camaxnrxa Aconitum variegatum L.
3. Hneronere cpann no mnoro nn npxnn mnronnnn mernnnn.....
...........Onxnoneno onunnue Thalictrum aquilegifolium L.
3*. Hneronere ennnunn ............................4
4. Hncrara 2-3 nrn nepecro pasceuenn n pasnonoxenn no crnoro . . . ................ amacxa
uenenrxa NigelladamascenaL.
4*. Hncrara rpnennn, ncnuxn nsnnsamn or xopennmero..........
.................. Inonn ounuxn Hepatica nobilis Mill
auacxa uenen1xa Nigella damascena L.
Enoronmno rono pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 20-30 cm, uecro n ocnonara cn c
nnoneron orrenx. Hncrara nocneonarennn, npncenann, nxxonxo nrn nepecro pasceuenn, c
recnonnnenn enuera, c nonnr p. Hneronere npannnnn, ennnunn, xaro ncexn or rxx no
uamxara e c 5 nepecro naceuenn npnnnernn nncruera,no-nrn or camnx nnxr n pasnonoxenn n
(97)
xpr. uamenncruerara nenuennnn, 5 na po, cnnn, n ocnonara cn nsnenx crecnenn n
noxr, na npxa saocrpenn. Benuenncruerara npenpnarn n nex-rapnnnn, 5-8 na po, nxxonxo
nrn no-xcn or uamenncruerara, nyycrnn, ropnara ycrna rno xnennna, 2 nrn no-xca or
onnara, pasceuena no cpeara cn na nannernn enuera, noxpnrn c nnacnnxn. Tnunnxnre
mnoro. Hnonnnnre 5 na po, nsyrn, 1-1,5 cm nrn, cpacnann nourn o npxa cn (rano 37,
]nr. 1).
Hs xpacranannre no xpapexnero na uepno mope, Hsrouna n Cpena Crapa nnannna, mxnara
uacr na Crpymcxara onnna, onnnara na p. Mecra, Hnpnn, Hsrounn Poonn n Tpaxncxara
nnsnna. H]rn ma mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Cnnn cauaxn1xa Aconitum variegatum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rpyxonnno saeenenn xopenn, c nsnpaneno rono
crno, nncoxo o 1,5 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann,
noxo nanennno pasceuenn na 5-7 xna c pomnuna ]opma n nasenn. Hneronere
cpann no 1-2 nn npxnn rposonnnn cnnernx na nrn (10-30 mm) ronn pxxn. Oxonon-
nernnxr nenpannnen, ccranen or 5 cnnn nenuennnn uamenncruera, or xonro na-ropnnre 3
ca cpann nn nn na mnem, nncox 1,5-3,0 cm. Pasnnnar ce camo 2 nenuenncruera, npenpnarn
n nexrapnnnn. Tnunnxnre mnoro, ronn. Hnonnnnre 5. Hnor mexynxa, o ocnonara cn
cnoona. O1ponno! (rano 37, ]nr. 2).
Hs xamennnnn n cxannn mecra, xpacranann, xpa noronn n nourn ncnuxn nncoxn nnannnn
mexy 1200 n 2350 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonena pannna Consolida regalis S. F. Grav (Delphinium consolida L.)
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c rono nnn cnao nnaxnecro crno, nncoxo 20-50 cm.
Hncrara nocneonarennn, nanennno 2-3 nrn rpono pasceuenn na mnoxecrno
recnonnnenn, 1 -2 mm mnpoxn enuera, onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann. Hneronere
nenpannnnn, cpann n mernnuecrn n rposonnnn cnnernx, c npnnncrnnnn c nnnena
]opma, nrn 3-4 mm. uamxara c 5 nncruera, oarpenn na-uecro cnnto, nanooxnamn
nenuero, nrn 15-30 mm, xnennnn; na-ropnoro nncrue c mnopa, nra 14-18 mm. Benuero
neopasnnro, xaro rpn or nenuenncruerara ca cpacnann n ca npenpnarn n nexrapnnx c mnopa,
nxnmuena n mnopara na uamxara; crpannunnre ne nenuenncruera nnncnar. Tnunnxnre mnoro.
Hnonnxr enn. Hnor mexynxa, nra 8-15 mm (rano 37, ]nr. 3).
Hs nocenn n no cyxn rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana o 1300 m n. n. nsxnmunrenno xaro
nnenen n ypen. H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Isnsonn ounuxn Hepatica nobilis Mill.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco nnaxnecro xopennme. Hncrara 3-ennn, nrn 2-5
cm, mnpoxn 1-4 cm, c pxxa, nra 5-15 cm, n ocnonara cpnennnn, nenoxpann, orony
onxnoneno nnoneronn, ornauano nnaxnec-
(98)
rn, no-xcno ronn. Hneronere npannnnn, ennnunn, na nra nnaxnecra pxxa (5-15 cm).
Oxononnernnxr npocr, nenuennen, c 6-7 (10) rxcno ennn-rnunn nncruera, nrn 10-12 mm,
mnpoxn 5-6 (8) mm, na npxa saxprnenn n ronn, nenoxpann, na-uecro rnonocnnn. Ho
oxononnernnxa ce namnpar 3 senenn nncruera, nrn 8-10 mm, nenoxpann, nnaxnecrn,
nanooxnamn uamxa. Tnunnxnre mnoroponn, c enn nnn posonn pxxn n enn npamnn-
nn. Hnonnnnre mnoroponn, cpepncro nnaxnecrn. Hnor copen, ccranen or mnoro
opexuera, nrn 3,0-3,5 mm (rano 37, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce ns ropnre n xpacranannre n onnnx nnannncxn noxc n ryx-ram no cxnononere na
Crapa nnannna, Cpena ropa, Poonnre, Pnna, Hnpnn n na mnoro mecra n Rrosanana
Fnrapnx oxm 1700 m n. n. H]rn ]enpyapn anpnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara
mennnna.
Onxnoneno onunnue Thalictrum aquilegifolium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rono nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 40-100 cm. Hncrara epn,
n omoro cn ouepranne mnpoxo rpnrnnn, 2-3 nrn nepecrn, onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre
npncenann; orennnre nncruera oparno xnennnn, na pxxa nnn npncenann, na npxa cn
onxnoneno rpnennn, nrn 2-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-4,0 cm, no pa cn uecro nasenn.
Hneronere npannnnn, mnorouncnenn, cpann n mnronnnn mernnnn. Oxononnernnxr npocr,
ccranen or 4 (5) uamenncruera, neonnoneronn, penn. Benuenncruera nnncnar. Tnunnxnre
mnoro na po, nrn 5-12 mm, onxnoneno no-nrn or oxononnernnxa. Hnonnnnre oxono 10
nnn noneue, cnaenn c ocra nra pxxa. Hnor copen, ccranen or enocemennn
opexuera (rano 38, ]nr. 1)
Hs xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn n npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc n nxnara crpana nourn
o 2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BOBOBH FABACEAE
1. Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, c 5-10 noxn nncruera. For es uonxa . . ..........................
Xanex Galega officinalisL.
1*. Hncrara rponn. For c uonxa.......................
.................. Cnncmnnyx Trigonella coerulea (L.) Ser.
anex Galega officinalis h.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, xyxo, rono crno nnn c pexn nnacnnxn,
nncoxo 40-150 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, neun]ronepecrn, nrn 5-20 cm, c nponronarn
o nannernn nncruera, nrn 1-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,4-1,5 cm, c xca pxxa (0,5 mm). Hneronere
cpann n nro rposo-nnno cnnerne. uamxara snnuennna, nra 4-5 mm, c 5 nourn
enaxnn mnnonnnn snn, pascexno nnaxnecra. Benuero cnernocnnto, rono, nro 1-1,5 cm, c
xapaxrepno sa oonnre pacrennx ycrpocrno nere onnn nncruera ca cpacnann n
opasynar nanxara, pyrnre ne na rxx ca cnoonn (xpnnna), a orrope e ]naruero, nro 7-
8 mm, r. e. manxo no-nro or xpnnnara n nanxara. Tnunnxnre 10, or xonro ropnara camo
nanononnna e cpacnana c ocranannre. unnxr ropen. Hnor o, nnneno-nnnnnpnuen,
nr 2-5 cm, es uonxa (rano 38, ]nr. 2).
(99)
Hs nnaxnn cenuecrn mecra, n nsxonn, xpa ropn n na pyrn mecra oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn
npes mnn n anrycr.
Hasemnara uacr, cpana no npeme na n]rexa, e porara Herba Galegae. Vnorpexna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Cnn cunnyx Trigonella coerulea (L.) Ser.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn nonernano, rono nnn cnao oxocmeno
crno, nncoxo 10-60 cm. Hncrara rponn, c nnnecrn npn-nncrnnnn, npn ocnonara cn cpacnann
c nncrnara pxxa. Hncruerara nrn 20-50 mm, mnpoxn 5-20 mm, onanno nponronarn,
ocrpo nasenn. Cnnernero xnecro, rcro, na pxxa, nra 2-5 cm. Hneronere nrn 6,5-
7,5 mm, c pxxa, nra 1,5-2,0 cm. uamxara nra 2,5-3,0 mm, 5-enna, c 5 sena. Benuero
cnnto, nro 5,5-6,5 mm. unaruero no-nro or xpnnnara n nanxara. For xnennen,
nr 4-5 mm, nocrenenno crecnen n nra uonxa (rano 38, ]nr. 3).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, xpa nrnma n nocenn n nxna Fnrapnx. H]rn ma mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. TEAHAPKOBH POLYGALACEAE
Onxnonena 1enuapxa Polvgala vulgaris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpanenn nnn n ocnonara cn npnnonnramn ce, ronn nnn
cnao nnaxnecrn crna, nncoxn 10-40 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, npncenann, nenoxpann,
onnnre oparno xnennnn nnn xnennnn, ropnnre no-nrn, nnneno-nannernn. Hneronere
onxnoneno cnnn, pxxo posonn nnn enn, nenpannnnn, cpann nn npxnn rposonnnn
cnnernx. uamxara 5-nncrna, nrpemnnre 2 nncruera no-epn, nenuennnn (r. nap. xpnnna),
ennnrnunn, nrn 6-7 mm, rnn, xm ocnonara nocrenenno crecnenn, c ope pasnnuanama ce
mpexa or xnnxn, xoxro npn nnoonere nsnxna. Pasnnrn nenuenncruera 3, cpacnann nomexy
cn n c rnunnxonn pxxn; na-onnoro (npenoro) e no-epo, nn nn na nanxa, xoxro
ornpe e xpano nspxsana. Tnunnxnre 8, n ocnonara cpacnann n eno cnonue, a narope n ne
cnonuera c no 4 rnunnxn. unnxr ropen. Hnor crpannuno cnnecxana, no xpax xpnnara,
oparno cpnennna xyrnxa, nra 5 mm n mnpoxa 3,5 mm (rano 39, ]nr. 1).
Hs nnnan n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Io.+a me.:apra Polvgala mafor L. (er. npu ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu
eemoee).
CEM. TEMEHYIOBH JIOLACEAE
Teuenyra Jiola L.
1. Pacrenne es nasemno crno. Hneronere c nra pxxa, npnxpenenn, xaxro n nncrara, sa
npxa na xopennmero. Crpannunnre nenuenncruera
nsnnrn naony .....................................
.................... Mnpnsnnna remenyra J. odorata L.
(100)
1*. Pacrenne c ope pasnnro nsnpaneno n pasxnoneno crno. Crpannunnre nenuenncruera
nsnnrn narope .........................
.................... Tpnnnerna remenyra J.tricolorL.
Mnpnsnnna 1euenyra Jiola odorata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnnno pasxnoneno xopennme, es nasemno crno, c
nrn (10-25 cm) nasemnn nxopenxnamn ce nsnxn. Hncrara saxprneno pexonnnn, c
noxo cpnennna ocnona, nrn 1-9 cm, mnpoxn 1-8 cm, nasenn, c mexn nnacnnxn o
nourn ronn. Hncrnara pxxa nra 6-12 cm. Hneronere no 2-15 na xopennme, ncexn na
orenna pxxa, nra .4-15 cm, epn, nrn 1,5-2,5 cm. uamenncruerara 5, cnoonn, npn
ocnonara cnaenn c nspacrnn. Benuenncruerara cmo 5, uernpn or xonro enaxnn, a neroro
(onnoro) c mnopa, nnoneronn, n ocnonara enesnnxann, crpannunnre pecnnuecrn. Tnunnxnre
5. unnxr ropen. Hnor mno-rocemenna xyrnxa (rano 38, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann n ropn n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mapr ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar xopennmero c xopennre (pora Rhizoma et Radix
Violae odoratae), xonro ce nsxonanar npes mapr mnn, nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba
Violae odoratae) n nneronere (Flores Violae odoratae). Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
Tpnnne1na 1euenyra Jiola tricolor L.
Enoronmno, nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno,
nncoxo 10-45 cm. onnnre nncra cpnennno-xnennnn, ropnnre nponronaro ennnrnunn
nnn nponronaro nannernn, nrn 6,0-7,5 cm, mnpoxn 5-20 mm, c nra pxxa, xco
oxocmenn, ocoeno no pa n no cpenara xnnxa. Hpnnncrnnnnre nepecro pasenenn, c no-
ronxm npxen xn, nrn 10-25 mm. Hneronere na nra pxxa (12 cm), ennnunn, nrn 1,0-
3,5 cm, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na ropnnre n cpennre nncra. Iopnnre nenuenncruera rnn,
cnnto-nnoneronn, crpannunnre cc cmara oxpacxa nnn no-cnernn, c 1-3 rmnn nnnnn, a
onnoro n ocnonara cn xnro, c 5-7 rmnn nnnnn, no xpax nnonerono, uecro neo; mnopara
cnnto-nnonerona. Honxxora rpnre onnn nncruera nnn ncnuxnre ca xnrennxann (rano 38,
]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, ns xpacranann, opnnnn n nocenn, uecro xaro nnenen.
Cpema ce n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1800 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Violae tricoloris), xoxro
ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
V nac nma ronxm po nnone remenyrn cc cnnto-nnoneronn nnerone, nopan xoero e
nanoxnrenno enesnre na napannre pacrennx a ce cpannxnar na-nnnmarenno c aennre
onncannx.
CPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. unnxr onen. Hneronere cpann n xomnnuxn n onnrn c oma onnnxa or na-ropnnre
nnonsmenenn nncra..................2
(101)
1*. unnxr ropen. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no pyr naunn......3
2. Tnunnxnre 4, cnoonn...... Cem.Hyrauxonn Dipsaceae
2*. Tnunnxnre 5, cpacnann c npamnnnnre cn.................
...................... Cem. Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae
3. unnxr opasynan or ne cnoonn nononnnxn, xonro camo na npxa ca cennenn c
omo nnsanne n ce pasenxr npn yspxnanero na nnoa . . .................. Tpenncr snmsenen
Jinca herbacea W. K.
3*. unnxr ycrpoen no pyr naunn....................4
4. unnxr nnmno pasenen na 4, pxxo na 2 uacrn, mexy xonro nsnnsa
crnuero....................................5
4*. unnxr nxn................................6
5. Tnunnxnre 5. Hneronere n noneuero cnyuan npannnnn. Hncrara nocneonarennn ...........
Cem. Ipananonncrnn Boraginaceae
5*. Tnunnxnre 2 nnn 4. Benuero nenpannnno, nyycrno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn .................
Cem.Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae
6. Hsnpanen xpacr nnn xarepnnn nonyxpacr................7
6*. Tpenncrn pacrennx.............................8
7. Xpacr. Tnunnxnre 2. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn ..............
.........,................. Hmnxx Svringa vulgaris L.
7*. Honyxpacr. Tnunnxnre 5. Hncrara nocneonarennn ..........
...................... Pasnonnx Solatium dulcamara L.
8. Hneronere nenpannnnn...........................9
8*. Hneronere npannnnn...........................10
9. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr 4-rnesen. Hpn yspxnanero nnor ce pasnaa na 4 opexuera ......
Heuena npnnxa Jerbena officinalis L.
9*. Tnunnxn 2. unnxr 2-rnesen. Hpn yspxnanero nnor ne ce pasnaa na orennn
opexuera............ Bennxenue Jeronica L.
10. Crnuerara 5, cpacnann n onnara cn uacr................
....................... Capxo]a Plumbago europaea L.
10*. Crnuero 1, npocro nnn nypasenno................11
11. Tnunnxnre pasnonoxenn cpemy neneunnre xnone............
......................... Ornnnue Anagalis arvensis L.
11*. Tnunnxnre pasnonoxenn cpemy mexnnnre na neneunnre xnone . .
.............................................12
12. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, enaxnn. Hnor enornesna, pasnyxnama ce na ne nononnnxn
xyrnxa............ Tnnrxna Gentiana L.
12*. onnnre nncra nocneonarennn, ropnnre cpemynonoxnn, xaro ennnxr e ep, a pyrnxr
peen. Hnor uepna xroa ...............
....................... Hyo nne Atropa bella-donna L.
3aoe.erra. Ce+. He.uroeu Primulaceae. O e u u e : e Anagalis arvensis L. (er. npu ou.ru
c :epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
CEM. CAPKOmAEBH PLUMBAGINACEAE
Capxoqan Plumbago europaea L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, cnnno pasxnoneno rono crno, nncoxo 30-100
cm. Hncrara cnnto-senenn, nocneonarennn, rcro xnesncro nasenn, npncenann, onnnre n
cpennre crnenn nncra mnpoxo ennnrnunn o mnpoxo nannernn, n ocnonara c ymnuxn,
xonro oxnamar crnoro, 5-8 cm nrn n 3-5 cm mnpoxn, ropnnre nncra n no pasxnonennxra
(102)
nannernn o nnnenn, nocrenenno nspenxnamn n npemnnanamn n npnnner-nnnn. Hneronere
nourn npncenann n cpann nn npxnn xnaconnnn cnnernx. uamxara 5-7 mm nra, nn
nn na rpnna, noxpnra c epn xnesn. Benuero nnonerono nnn posono, c nra rpnna n 6-
enen ncx, nourn 2 nrn no-nr or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 5, cnoonn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor nponronara pasnyxnnna xyrnxa, nra 5-8 mm (rano 39, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, xpa orpan n p. xaro ypen. Cpema ce nancxxe n
no-ronnnre uacrn na crpanara no uepnomopcxoro xpapexne, n Rronsrouna Fnrapnx,
Tpaxncxara nnsnna, cxnononere na Poonnre, n mxnara uacr na Crpymcxara onnna n p.
oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. MACAHHOBH OLEACEAE
Amnnx Svringa vulgaris L.
Xpacr, nncox 2-5 m, cc cpemynonoxnn nenoxpann nncra, nrn 5-10 cm, mnpoxn 4-9 cm,
xnennnn o mnpoxo xnennnn, saocrpenn, c pxxa, nra o 4 cm. Hneronere cpann no
mnoro n cnoxnn rposonnnn cnnernx, nrn 10-20 cm. uamxara nra oxono 2 mm,
uernpnsecra. Benuero c rpnna, nra 8-15 mm, c 4-enna pasnepena xoponxa, nnonerono (n
xynrypnn coprone xno nnn posono). Tnunnxnre 2, sarnopenn nn neneunara rpnna.
unnxr ropen. Hnor cyxa, rona, nyrnesna pasnyxnnna xyrnxa, nra 1,0-1,6 cm (rano
39, ]nr. 3).
Hs xpacranann n cyxn xamennnnn n cxannn mecra, rnanno npxy naponnx. Cpema ce no
uepnomopcxoro xpapexne, n ynancxara pannnna, Crapa nnannna, 3anana Fnrapnx,
Crpymcxara onnna, Poonnre, Crpanxa n p. oxm 900 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nneronere (pora Flores Syringae) n nncrara (Folia
Syringae). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. THHTRBOBH - GENT1ANACEAE
Tnn1nna Gentiana L.
1. Benuero na npxa cn c 5 xna.........................
.................. Mouypna rnnrxna G.pneumonantheL.
1*. Benuero na npxa cn c 4 xna ........................
......................... Cnnx rnnrxna G.cruciataL.
Mouypna 1nn1nna Gentiana pneumonanthe L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, npocro nnn pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 15-60
cm. Hncrara xoxecrn, cpemynonoxnn, npncenann nnn na mnoro xca pxxa, nenoxpann,
nnnenn o onanno nannernn, rnn, nrn 3-6 cm, mnpoxn 2-10 mm, c ena xnnxa n c nonnr
nncren p. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no nxxonxo (1-10) n nasnnre na na-ropnnre nncra na
npxa na crnoro. uamxara rpecra, nra 15-20 mm, 2-3 nrn no-xca or nenuero, c 5
nnnenn, saocrpenn, xco nasenn snn. Benuero cnnto, epo,
(103)
nro 3,5-5 cm, ]ynnennno, c 5 xnennnn xna, nxxonxo nrn no-xcn or neneunara
rpnna. Tnunnxnre 5, cc cpacnann npamnnnn. unnxr ropen, c xco crnue. Hnor
enornesna, pasnyxnama ce na ne xyrnxa (rano 39, ]nr. 4).
Hs nnaxnn nnnan n rop]nma n 3anana n Cpena Crapa nnannna, Cpena ropa, 3anann n
Cpenn Poonn, Bnroma, Pnna, Hosencxa nnannna, Hmnnn n p. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Cnnn 1nn1nna Gentiana cruciata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce ne-pasxnoneno
crno,nncoxo o 50 cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, a crnennre
mnoroponn,cpemynonoxnn, cpacnann n ocnonara cn n nro nnarannme, nponronaro
ennnrnunn nnn onanno nannernn, xm npxa crecnenn, nrn 4-11 cm, mnpoxn 12-35 mm, c no
3 xnnxn. Hneronere npncenann, cpann no mnoro n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra n n
nonycennnx na npxa na crnoro. uamxara rpecro-snnuennna, 2-3 nrn no-xca or
nenuero, c 4 xcn nnnecrn sena. Benuero rmnocnnto, nro 2,0-4,0 cm, uernpnenno, c
onanno rpnrnnn xnone, nrn 5-7 mm. Tnunnxnre 4, cc cnoonn npamnnnn. unnxr
ropen. Hnor xyrnxa (rano 40, ]nr. 1).
Ho xamennnnn cxnonone, ns xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn n nnannncxnre paonn n nxna
Fnrapnx. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Gentianae), nncrara
(pora Folia Gentianae) n xopenr (Radix Gentianae). Hasemnara uacr ce cnpa no npeme na
n]rexa, a xopennre ce nsnaxar npes ecenra. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar n pyrn nnone rnnrxnn cc cnnn nnerone, no noneuero or rxx ca penn
enoronmnn nnn mnororonmnn pacrennx. Camo ropcxara rnnrxna (G. asclepiadea L.)e
nnsxa o mouypnara rnnrxna, no ce pasnnuana or nex no rona, ue nncrara ca no-nrn n no-
mnpoxn, c 3-5 eenn xnnxn.
CEM. TOHHOBH APOCYNACEAE
Tpennc1 snusenen Jinca herbacea W.K.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmn esnnonn crna, a nne-ronocnnre
npnnonnramn ce, ronn, nrn o 60 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, xoxecrn, xm onnnx cn
xpa nocrenenno crecnenn n xca pxxa, ennnrnunn, nrn 2-6 cm, mnpoxn 1-2 cm,
nenoxpann, no pa pecnnuecrn. Hneronere nnoneronn nnn cnnto-nnoneronn, pasnonoxenn
noennnuno n nasnnre na nncrara. uamxara xca, c 5 recnonnnenn saocrpenn xna.
Beneunara rpnna nra 10-15 mm, c xoponxa or 5 pasnepenn ennnrnunn nncruera, nrn 12-
18 mm. Tnunnxnre 5, cnoonn. unnxr ropen, opasynan or ne cnoonn nononnnxn,
xonro camo na npxa cn ca cennenn c omo nnsanne n ce pasenxr npn yspxnanero na
nnoa. O1ponno!(rano 39, ]nr. 5).
Cpema ce ns xpacranann n no cyxnre xamennnnn mecra, npenmno na naponnrn repenn n nxnara
crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn or anpnn o mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
B rpannnre ce xynrnnnpar xaro exoparnnnn pacrennx na nna snmsenen, nasemnara uacr n
nncrara na ennnx or xonro manx snmsenen (J. minor L.), ce nsnonsynar n cnpemennara
mennnna (pora Herba Vincae
(104)
minoris n pora Folia Vincae minoris). Honxxora rpenncrnxr n manxnxr snmsenen nonnxnar.
CEM. IPAHABOAHCTHH BORAGINACEAE
1. Ornopr na neneunara rpnna nourn sarnopen or 5 nmcnecrn
nspacrxa..........................................2
1*. Ornopr na neneunara rpnna ne e sarnopen c nspacrnn......4
2. Benuero rpecro, n ropnara cn uacr nepasnepeno ............
..................... uepen oman Svmphvtum officinale L.
2*. Benuero rpecro, n ropnara cn uacr c pasnepena xoponxa...... 3
3. Beneunara rpnna no-xca or pasnepenara uacr na nenuero; npn ornopa c xnrn, rnaxn
nmcnn.............................
............. Honcxa nesapanxa Mvosotisarvensis(L.)Hill.
3*. Beneunara rpnna no-nra or pasnepenara uacr na nenuero; ornopr saxpnr or enn
nmcnn c pecnnuxn........................
.................... Heuenonnnue Anchusa officinalis L.
4. Benuero nenpannnno, c 5 neenaxnn xna. Tnunnxnre c neenaxno nrn pxxn n crpuar
na nenuero..........................
................ Onxnoneno yconnue Echium vulgare L.
4*. Benuero npannnno, c enaxnn xnone. Tnunnxonnre pxxn cxpnrn n
rpnnara.......................................5
5. uamxara pasceuena na-mnoro o cpeara.................
............... Heuena meynnna Pulmonaria officinalisL.
5*. uamxara pasceuena nourn o ocnonara..................6
6. Beneunara rpnna ornrpe c 5 nanxnn pennn or nnacnnxn. Hnor es
pxxa.....................................
. . . . Bnonerono nrnue npoco Lithospermum purpureocoeruleumL.
6*. Beneunara rpnna ornrpe es pennn or nnacnnxn. Hnouerara c pxxn..............
Anaxnna Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch.
3aoe.erra. Buo.emoeo nmu:e npoco Lithospermumpurpureo-coeruleum L. (er. npu ou.ru c
:epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
Annaanna Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mnorouncnenn npnnonnramn ce crna, nncoxn 10-30
cm, uernnecro nnaxnecrn, no es xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Kopenr een, nr 20-25 cm,
cpxam uepneno arpnnno nemecrno, xoero ce npoxnxna nenara npn npeuynnanero my n e
xapaxrepen ener sa rosn nn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nannernn, nrn 6-15 cm, mnpoxn 0,7-
1,5 cm, es npnnncrnnnn, npnocnonnnre c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann, nourn oxnamamn
crnoro. Hneronere npannnnn, cpann nn npxnn enocrpannn cnnernx, c nponronaro
nannernn npnnnernnnn. uamxara nra 4-8 mm, no-noxo or nononnnara cn 5-enna.
Benuero cnnto, ]ynnennno, c xca rpnna n 5-enna xoponxa, 6-7 mm n namerp, es
nspacrnn n ornopa na neneunara rpnna. Tnunnxnre 5, npnxpenenn xm cpeara na
rpnnara. unnxr ropen, nnmno pasenen na 4 uacrn. Hnor ce pasnaa na 4 opexuera
(rano 40, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra n mxnara uacr na Tpaxncxara pannnna n Crpymcxara onnna.
H]rn mapr mnn.
B mennnnara n mnnanoro ce e nsnonsynan xopenr (pora Radix Alkannae). Hamnpa
npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
(105)
Onxnoneno yconnnue Echium vulgare L.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, nourn nepasxnoneno crno, noxpnro c
pasnepenn uernnxn, namnpamn ce npxy paannuxn saeno c onxnonennre npnnernann
nnacnnxn, nncoxo 30-90 cm. Hncrara nannernn, npnocnonnnre nocrenenno crecnenn n xpnnara
pxxa, npnnernano uernnecrn, nrn 5-15 cm, mnpoxn 8-20 mm, crnennre no-penn,
npncenann. Cnnernero cnao pasxnoneno, nourn xnaconnno nnn rposonnno, nro o 20
cm. uamxara noxo 5-enna, nra 5-12 mm. Benuero nro 10-15 mm, c rpnna, ne no-
nra or uamxara, c mnpox ron ornop n nenpannnna 5-enna xoponxa, xaro ropnnre xnone
ca epn, o 4-5 mm, nourn na nrn no-nrn or nara onnn xna. Hneronere ornauano
posono-uepnenn, no-xcno cnnn. Tnunnxnre 5, neenaxno nrn n crpuar nann. unnxr
ropen. Opexuerara onanno rpncrennn, manxn, nrn 2,0-2,5 mm (rano 40, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn n neopaorenn mecra, xpa nrnma n xaro nnenen n nxnara crpana. H]rn ma
noemnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. He:eoua +eovuua Pulmortaria officinalis L. (er. npu ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu
eemoee).
Hepen ouan, onxnoneno sapacnnue Svmphvtum officinale L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 80-150 cm, c xco xopennme, c
eenn uepnn xopenn. Hxnoro pacrenne noxpnro c pasnepenn uernnxn. onnnre nncra
xnennno nannernn, c xca pxxa, ropnnre n cpennre nannernn, saocrpenn, nnsernamn,
nrn 10-15 cm, mnpoxn 3-5 cm. Hneronere manxo na po, cpann n ynncnann npxnn
cnnernx. uamxara 5-enna, o nononnnara nnn o ocnonara cn pasceuena na nannernn,
saocrpenn xnone. Benuero nro 12-20 mm, nnonerono, pxxo posono nnn xno, c rpnna
oxono 2 nrn no-nra or uamxara, n ropnara cn uacr nepasnepeno, cmo c 5 xcn xna n c
nannerno-mnnonnnn pecnnuecrn nmcnnnn, no xpax xnesncrn, sarnapxmn rpnnara my.
Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara xnennnn, uepnn, necrxmn, rpnpecrn, nrn
5-6 mm (rano 41, ]nr. 1).
Hs nnaxnn nnnan xpa pexn n nxnara crpana oxm 900 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopennmero c xopennre (pora Radix Symphyti),
xonro ce nsnaxar n xpax na nxroro n ecenra. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Aeueno nnnue Anchusa officinalis L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, rcro noxpnro c pasnepenn uernnxn.
Crnoro nsnpaneno, na-uecro npocro, nncoxo 20-80 cm, rcro onncreno. Hncrara
nponronaro nannernn nnn nnneno-nannernn, nenoxpann nnn no pa nnnonnnn, nrn
5-12 cm, mnpoxn 1,0-2,5 cm, onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann. Hneronere cpann n
cnnpanonnnn cnnernx, xonro ca pasnonoxenn n mernnna, c manxn npnnnernnnn, noxpnrn c
pecnnuxn. uamxara o nononnnara pasceuena na 5 nannernn, uernnecrn, saocrpenn xna, nrn
5-7 mm, npn nnoonere nrn o 10 mm. Benuero nnonerono, c rpnna, nra 1,0-1,5 cm, c
pasnepena xoponxa, mnpoxa 5-9 mm, c rnn xan]enn nmcnn npn ornopa na rpnnara.
Tnunnxn-
(106)
re 5, cxpnrn nn neneunara rpnna. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara napuxann (rano 41, ]nr.
2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n xpa nrnma n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n.
H]rn ma cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Honcxa nesapanxa Mvosotis arvensis (L.J Hill.)
nyronmno, pxxo enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c ennnuno, nsnpaneno, npocro nnn
pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 20-60 cm, rcro pasnepeno, nnaxnecro. Hpnocnonnnre nncra
cpann n poserxa, oparno xnennnn, nrn 8 cm, mnpoxn 1,5 cm, nocrenenno crecnenn n
pxxa; crnennre nponronaro nannernn, npncenann, nrn 2-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1,0 cm,
ncnuxn noxpnrn c npnnernann nnacnnxn. Cnnernxra enocrpannn, nneronere pexano
pasnonoxenn. Hneronere c xca pxxa, nra 0,5-2 mm, xoxro npn nnoonere ce ynxana n
ocrnra o 10 mm, 2-3 nrn no-nra or uamxara, xoxro e snnuennna, sarnopena, 5-enna.
Benuero cnernocnnto, peno, c pasnepena xoponxa, 2-4 mm n namerp, c 5 rnn nmcnn,
sarnapxmn ornopa na rpnnara. Opexuerara rnaxn, necrxmn (rano 41, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce ns ropn, xpacranann, nocenn n nnnan n nxnara crpana oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn
anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BTPBHHKOBH JERBENACEAE
Aeuena nspnnxa Jerbena officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno uernpnpecro, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno
crno, nncoxo 30-100 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nepecro napxsann, cpennre crnenn 3-
ennn, c epn, nenpannnno nasenn xnone, or xonro cpennxr e no-ronxm or ocranannre; no-
ropnnre nponronarn, nasenn; npxnnre nenoxpann. Hneronere penn, pasnonoxenn
napxxo n mnoronnernn xnacone, cpann n epa, pxxa mernnna. uamxara rpecra, 5-enna.
Benuero ]ynnennno, nenpannnno 5-enno, nourn nyycrno, neonnonerono, nro o 5,5
mm. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn nn neneunara rpnna. unnxr ropen. Hnor ce pasnaa na 4
opexuera (rano 40, ]nr 4.)
Ho rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra, mexy oxonnn xynrypn n nxnara crpana. H]rn ma
oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre npxnn uacrn (pora Herba Verbenae),
xonro ce orpxsnar na oxono 20 cm or npxa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. YCTHOHBETHH LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
1. Iopnara ycrna mnoro xca, nyenna....................
................... Hnsxmocpemnnue Afuga reptans L.
1 *. Benuero xcno nyycrno; ropnara ycrna ope pasnnra.........2
2. Tnunnxnre 2.................... Kaxyna Salvia L.
2*. Tnunnxnre 4.................................3
3. uamxara c 2 nenn ycrnn (cne npen]rxnanero nnrno sarnopenn); na rpnara crpana na
ropnara ycrna nma nanpeuen, na-uecro nsnnr xaro rn-
(107)
xa nspacrx.......................................
............. Onxnonena npenapa ScutellariagalericulataL.
3*. uamxara c 5 sena nnn nyycrna; onnara ycrna c 3 sena nnn c pyra ]opma, no nnnarn
es nanpeuen nspacrx na rpnara crpana.....4
4. uamxara xcno nyycrna onnara c 2, ropnara c 3 sena, r. e. nspe-sr mexy resn ne
rpynn snn e no-nox, orxonxoro mexy ocranannre snn..........................................5
4*. uamxara ne e nyycrna, a e c 5 enaxnn sena.............6
5. Hpnnnernnre nncruera cpnennno-pexonnnn, uecro nennre nnn
camo no ropnnx cn p oarpenn nnoneronouepnennxano.............
............... Onxnonena npnmnnna Prunella vulgaris L.
5*. Hpnnnernnre nncruera nannernn, saocrpenn...............
........ Onxnoneno mnpnsnnnue Acinos arvensis(Lam.)Dandv
6. Tnunnxnre crpuar na nenuero ... Hcon Hvssopus officinalis L.
6*. Tnunnxnre ne crpuar na nenuero.....................
............ Fpmnxnona camoaxa Glechoma hederacea L.
Hsnsnmo cpemnnue Afuga reptans L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno uernpnpecro crno, nncoxo 10-40 cm, c
nnsxmn onncrenn nsnxn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra nponronarn nnn xnennnn, nrn 4-12
cm, mnpoxn 1-4 cm, c nra pxxa, c pexn snn, sanasnamn ce npn n]rexa; crnennre
cpemynonoxnn, npncenann, mnpoxo xnennnn nnn nponronarn, ncnuxn nnnonnno
nasenn, nourn ronn, nocrenenno npemnnanamn n npnnnernn nncra, xonro ca nenn, uecro n
ocnonara cn cnnxann. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no 6-8 n npemnenn n nasnnre na nncrara n
opasynar nxnnno xnaconnno cnnerne. uamxara snnuennna, c 5 xnnxn, nnaxnecra, nra
4-6 mm. Benuero nro 14-17 mm, cnnto pxxo posono nnn xno, nyycrno, c mnoro xca
npxsana ropna ycrna, onnara 3-enna, c oparno cpnennen, mnoro ep cpeen xn.
Tnunnxnre 4, crpuamn na ropnara ycrna, xaro crpannunnre ca no-nrn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor ce pasnaa na enocemennn opexuera (rano 41, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce uecro no nnaxnn rpenncrn n opacnn c xpacrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1800 m
n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonena npenapa Scutellaria galericulata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce uernpnpecro crno,
nncoxo 15-90 cm, nourn rono, npocro nnn pasxnoneno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nrn 2-6 cm,
mnpoxn 0,5-2,0 cm, onannn nnn onanno nannernn, nasenn, saocrpenn, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn,
na xca pxxa. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no enn n nasnnre na cpennre n ropnnre nncra, na
xca pxxa (1-2 mm), opnarn na ena crpana n opasynamn cpannnrenno pxxo cnnerne.
uamxara rona nnn xcopecnnuecra, nra 3-4 mm, nyycrna, c nenn ycrnn. Benuero cnnto-
nnonerono, nyycrno, c nra rpnna. Iopnara ycrna nnnara, na npxa npxsana, c 2
nspacrxa npn ocnonara cn, onnara nxna. Tnunnxnre 4, crpannunnre 2 no-xcn. unnxr
ropen. Opexuerara nourn xnecrn (rano 42, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce pxxo no nnaxnn cenuecrn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn ma mnn. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
(108)
Bpsmnnnona cauoanxa Glechoma hederacea L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmn nnn npnnonnramn ce ue-rnpnpecrn crna,
nncoxn 10-50 cm, c mnorouncnenn nxopenxnamn ce nn nsnnre nsnxn, nxnoro noxpnro c
xcn nnacnnxn o nourn rono. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, pexonnnn o cpnennno
saxprnenn, no xpax nasenn, onnnre c pxxa, nra 3-9 cm. Hneronere no 2-5 n npemnen n
nasnnre na cpennre n ropnnre nncra, c nnmxonnnn npnnnernnnn. uamxara rpecra, nra
5,0-6,5 mm, c 15 xnnxn, nyycrna, ropnara c 3, onnara c 2 sena, 3-4 nrn no-xcn or
rpnnara. Benuero cnnto-nnonerono, nyycrno, nro 10-22 mm, onxnoneno 2-2,5 nrn no-
nro or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyx, pasnaam ce na 4 opexuera
(rano 42, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn mecra n xpacranann n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1 200 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara n]rxma nasemna uacr (pora Herba
Glechomae), xoxro ce cnpa npes ma n mnn. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Ho-pano n o]nnnannara n naponara mennnna pmnxnonara camoaxa ce e nsnonsynana
noono na xocmarara camoaxa (ypannue) G. hirsuta W. K., npn xoxro snnre na
uamxara ca pannn na rpnnara nnn ca 2 nrn no-xcn or nex.
Onxnonena npnmnnna Prunella vulgaris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno npnnonnramo ce crno, nncoxo o 50 cm, c
esnnonn nasemnn nsnxn, rono nnn cnao oxocmeno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c pxxa,
nra 0,5-4,0 cm (na-ropnnre onxnoneno npncenann), xnennno nponronarn, nrn 4-9
cm, mnpoxn 2-4 cm, ronn, nourn nenoxpann. Hneronere cpann no 4-6 n nasnnre na na-
ropnnre nncra, xaro opasynar saxprneno nnn ynxeno rcro xnaconnno cnnerne, c
mnpoxo pexonnnn npnnnernnnn, na npxa nsnenx saocrpenn, c nnoneronouepnennxan
pecnnuecr p. uamxara nra 8-9 mm, rpecrosnnuennna, c 10 xnnxn, nyycrna. Benuero
cnnto-nnonerono, nro 10-15 mm, c npcren or nnacnnxn npn ocnonara na rpnnara,
nyycrno ropnara ycrna mnemonnna, onnara rpnenna. Tnunnxnre 4, cpann no
ropnara ycrna. unnxr ropen. Hnouerara opexuera, nrn 1,5-2,0 mm (rano 42, ]nr.3)
Ho rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn ma cenremnpn. Vnorpexna
ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnoneno unpnsnnnue Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandv (Calamintha acinos Clairv.,
Saturefa acinos Scheele)
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce
nnaxnecro crno, nncoxo 10-40 cm, npocro nnn pasxnoneno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
xnennnn o nponronaro pomnunn, saocrpenn c xnnnonnna ocnona, na npxa cn c
nxxonxo sena nnn nourn nenoxpann, nrn 7-15 cm, mnpoxn 3-8 mm, nnaxnecrn, c xca
pxunna. Hneronere no 3-8 n nasnnre na nncrara n opasynar xnaconnno cnnerne; npnnner-
nnnnre saocrpenn. uamxara rpecra, nra 5-7 mm, c 13 xnnxn, nyycrna, xnesncro
nnaxnecra. Benuero neonnonerono, nro 7-12 mm, 1-1,5 nrn
(109)
no-nro or uamxara, c nnocxa npxsana ropna ycrna n 3-enna onna ycrna. Tnunnxnre 4,
nere nnmnn no-nrn. unnxr ropen. Hnor saxprnenn opexuera (rano 42, ]nr.4).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n xnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn ma
anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Hcon Hvssopus officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnnen apomar n c mnoroponn npnnonnramn ce nnn
nsnpanenn crna, nncoxn 30-60 cm, npocrn nnn mer-nnuecro pasxnonenn, xpanonnaxnecrn.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, recnonnnenn, c nonnr nncren p, nourn npncenann, nenoxpann,
cc cxtcenn xnonxn n nasnnre cn, nnaxnecrn. Hneronere cpann no 3-7 n cnonuera n nasnnre
na nncrara, nmar oma pxxa n opasynar no npxonere na xnonxnre nponronarn
xnaconnnn cnnernx cc saocrpenn npnnnernnnn. uamxara rpecra, c 15 xnnxn n 5 nourn
enaxnn, xnesncro nnaxnecrn snn. Benuero cnnto-nnonerono, nyycrno, nro 7-12 mm, c
rpnna manxo no-nra or uamxara; ropnara ycrna nourn nnocxa n npxsana, onnara
rpnenna, c no-mnpox n npxsan cpeen xn. Tnunnxnre 4, crpuamn na nenuero. unnxr
ropen. Opexuerara nrnecrn, nrn oxono 2 mm (rano 42, ]nr.5).
Cpema ce no naponnrn cxann n Rrosanana Fnrapnx n n Fenorpaunmxo. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Hyssopii), xoxro ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
Kaxyna Salvia L.
1. Hnernnre npemnenn c mnoro nnerone 15-30...............
.................. Hpemnenecra xaxyna S. verticillata L.
1*. Hnernnre npemnenn c manxo nnerone no-manxo or 10.......2
2. Hncruerara, xonro ce namnpar npn ocnonara na nnernnre npemnenn, nnoneronouepnennxann
n nrn xonxoro uamxara. Crnoro es poserxa or
npnocnonnn nncra...................................
........................ Iopcxa xaxyn a S. nemorosa L.
2*. Hncrara, xonro ce namnpar npn ocnonara na nnernnre npemnenn, senenn (pxxo nxxon
camo na npxa nnoneronouepnennxann) n snaunrenno no-manxn or uamxara. Hpnocnonnnre
nncra cpann n poserxa...........
.................,..... Hnnana xaxyna S. pratensis L.
Annana xaxyna Salvia pratensis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo o 100 cm, n ropnara uacr
cnao pasxnoneno n c xnesncrn nnacnnxn, n onnara uacr camo c npocrn nnacnnxn. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro xnennnn, cc cpnennna ocnona, nono nasenn nnn
nspxsann, oxocmenn, npnocnonnnre c pxxa, nrn 5-12 cm, mnpoxn 2-6 cm, ropnnre
npncenann. Hneronere no 4-6 n npemnen, opasynamn ynxeno, npocro cnnerne. uamxara
rpecra, nra 7-11 mm, nyycrna, noxpnra c xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Benuero epo, nro 20-30
mm, nyycrno, cnnto-nnonerono, pxxo xno, c epa cpnonnno nsnnra nxna ropna ycrna c
xnesncrn nnacnnxn n rpnenna onna ycr-
(110)
na. Tnunnxnre 2, crpuamn na nenuero. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara xprnn (rano 43, ]nr.
1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n nnnan n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna
Iopcxa xaxyna Salvia nemorosa L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce crno, nncoxo o 60
cm, n ropnara uacr pasxnoneno n noxpnro c npocrn nnacnnxn, es poserxa or npnocnonnn
nncra. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, onnnre crnenn nponronaro xnennnn, n ocnonara
cpnennnn c nra pxxa, nrn 38 cm, mnpoxn 2-4 cm, cnao nnaxnecrn, nasenn;
ropnnre npncenann. Hnernnre npemnenn c 2-6 nnxra. uamxara nra 6-7 mm, noxpnra c
npocrn n xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Benuero cnnto-nnonerono, nro 8-14 mm, nonxxora posono,
nyycrno. Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr ropen (rano 43, ]nr.2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana. H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
Hpemnenec1a xaxyna Salvia verticillata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, uecro pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 20-80 cm,
noxpnro c npocrn nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn; onnnre nponronaro xnennnn, c
pxxa n 2 manxn nncrnn enuera na pxxara, nrn 5-10 cm, mnpoxn 3-5 cm, nasenn,
oxocmenn; ropnnre npncenann. Hnernnre npemnenn c mnoro nnerone, rpynnpann n npocro
nnn pasxnoneno cnnerne. Hnernara pxxa nra 4-6 mm. uamxara rpecra, nra oxono 6
mm, uepnennxana, c nnacnnxn. Benuero nnoneronouepnennxano, nro 8-15 mm, nyycrno.
Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr ropen (rano 43, ]nr.3).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce xynrnnnpa n rpannnre, a no xpapexnero ce cpema n nonnxna Salvia oIIicinalis L.
(rpanncxn ua), nponsxoxama or Cpensemnomopcxara onacr. Hsnonsynar ce nncrara
(pora Folia Salviae). Ornnuana ce or ncnuxn namn cnnton]rxmn nnone xaxyna no rona, ue
neneunara rpnna ornrpe e es npcren or nnacnnxn, xaxnro nma npn onncannre no-rope
nnone.
CEM.KAPTOmOBH SOLANACEAE
1. Hneronere no nxxonxo (1-3), nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara, ncexn c
orenna pxxa. Hnor uepna xroa........................
....................... Hyo nne Atropa belladonna L.
1*. Hneronere no mnoro (3-25) n nonycennnnn na oma pxxa, nsnnsama or nasnnre na
nncrara. Hnor uepnena xroa.................
...................... Pasnonnx Solatium dulcamara L.
Ayo nne Alropa belladonna L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xc, een, pasxnonen xopen n eeno nsnpaneno, n
ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 2 m. onnnre nncra ennnunn, ropnnre no na
(ennnxr ep, a pyrnxr manx nnons-
(111)
menen npnnncrnnx), nponronaro ennnrnunn, saocrpenn, nenoxpann, nrn o 20 cm,
mnpoxn o 10 cm, c xca pxxa. Hneronere naneenn, ncnuxn c orenna pxxa. uamxara
nourn o ocnonara cn 5-enna. Benuero noono na enna, xa]xno-nnonerono, cc cnao
pasnepenn enuera, nro 2-3 cm, mnpoxo 10-18 mm. unnxr ropen. Hnor ncxana, epa
(15-20 mm n namerp) uepneno-nnonerona couna xroa c mnoro cemena. O1ponno! (rano 43,
]nr.4).
Hs cenuecrn ropn, xpacranann n ceunma, cpannnrenno pxxo n Crapa nnannna, Poonnre,
Cpena ropa n na pyrn mecra oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Bella-donnae), xonro ce cnpar
neuep no npeme na n]rexa, n xopenr (pora Radix Bella-donnae), xoro ce nsxonana nenara
cne n]rexa. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Pasnonnx Solatium dulcamara L.
Karepnnn nonyxpacr c nro o 2 m crno, rono nnn nnaxnecro. Hncrara nocneonarennn, c
pxxa, nra o 3 cm, nenoxpann, no ]opma rnpe pasnnunn, onxnoneno nponronaro
xnennnn, saocrpenn, nrn 5-9 cm, mnpoxn 2,5-5,0 cm, nenn nnn c ne manxn nponronarn
enuera n ocnonara. Hneronere no mnoro n cennnnn, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara. uamxara
n nenuero 5-ennn. Benuero ncxonnno, nnonerono, c pasnepenn nann xnone, 10-15 mm n
namerp. Tnunnxnre 5, xunnxr ropen. Hnor xnennna xroa, nra 10-15 mm. O1ponno!
(rano 43, ]nr. 5).
Cpema ce uecro no nnaxnn n cenuecrn xpacranann, xpa xnnnma n orpan n nxnara crpana
oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar onncrenn xnonn (pora Herba Dulcamarae, Stipites
Dulcamarae), xonro ce cnpar or mapr o ma nnn npes oxromnpn n noemnpn. Hsnonsyna ce n
n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HBEHHHEBH SCROPHULARHCEAE
Bennxenue Jeronica L.
1. Cnnernero npxno, r. e. ro e npxxo nponxenne na crnoro.....
.................... Knacncro nennxenue J.spicataL.
1*. Cnnernxra crpannunn, r.e.nnnarn nsnnsar or nasnnre na crnennre
nncra........................................2
2. Crnoro n nncrara ronn...........................
.................. Horouno nennxenue J. beccabunga L.
2*. Crnoro n nncrara xocmarn........................
................... Heueno nennxenue J. officinalisL.
Aeueno nennxenue Jeronica officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmn, nxopenxnamn ce crna n nsnpanenn npxone n
nneronocnn xnonxn, ne no-nncoxn or 30 cm, nxnoro nnaxnecro. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c xca
pxxa, ennnrnunn nnn nponronaro oparno xnennnn, nrn 1,5-5,0 cm, mnpoxn 1-2 cm,
cnrno nase-
(112)
nn. Cnnernxra rcrn, xnesncro nnaxnecrn, rposonnnn, nrn 3-10 cm, nsnpanenn.
Hneronere c xca pxxa, nra 1-3 mm, c npnnnernnnn, nrn 3-5 mm. Benuero cnernocnnto c
nnoneron orrenx, 6-8 mm n namerp. Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr ropen. Hnonara xyrnxa
xnesncro nnaxnecra (rano 44, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce ocra uecro ns ropnre n nxnara crpana oxm 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Veronicae), xoxro ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Ho1ouno nennxenue Jeronica beccabunga L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nexamo crno, nxopenxnamo ce nn nsnnre, na npxa
nsnramo ce na nncounna o 60 cm, rono. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro xnennnn,
nrn 2-7 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-2,5 cm, cnrno nasenn, saocrpenn, c xca pxxa (ocoeno no-
ropnnre). Cnnernxra rposonnnn, cpemynonoxnn, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na ropnnre nncra.
Hneronere c xca rona pxxa, nourn panna na manxnre (oxono 1 mm mnpoxn) npnnnernnnn.
Benuero rnonocnnto, c no-rmnn nnnnn, 5-10 mm n namerp. Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr
ropen. Hnonara xyrnxa rona (rano 44, ]nr. 2)
Cpema ce uecro no nnaxnn mecra n xpa noronn n nxnara crpana oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn
anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Knacnc1o nennxenue Jeronica spicata L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rcro oxocmeno crno, nncoxo 20-70 cm.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro nannernn, rnn, nrn 2-9 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-3 cm,
nenoxpann, rcronnaxnecrn, c xca pxxa, ropnnre npncenann. Cnnernero ennnuno,
rcro, nro 530 cm. Hnernnre pxxn snaunrenno no-xcn or uamxara, nourn npncenann,
xnesncro nnaxnecrn. uamxara 4-enna, onxnoneno xnesncra. Benuero xpxo rnonocnnto,
pxxo xno, nro 6-7 mm. Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr ropen. Hnonara xyrnxa nnaxnecra (rano
44, ]nr.3).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n ns xpacranann n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AYIAHKOBH DIPSACEAE
1. Omoro nnerno nerno noxpnro c nmcnecrn npnnnernnnn........
................... Cnntornanue Succisapratensis Moench
1*. Omoro nnerno nerno noxpnro c nnacnnxn................
.......... Honcxo uepnenornanue Knautia anensis (L.) Coult.
Cnntornanue Succisa pratensis Moench
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno rono nnn nnaxnecro crno, nncoxo 50-150 cm.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra c xca pxxa, ennnrnuno-nannernn, nenoxpann, a crnennre
cpemynonoxnn, 2-3 noxn nannernn,
(113)
cc cpacnann nn nnarannme pxxn, ronn. Hneronere cpann n xnecrn xomnnuxn, oxono 2
cm n namerp, onnrn or nxxonxo senenn saocrpenn nncruera, napeenn n na pea;
npnnnernnnnre ennnrnunn, nrn 6-7 mm. uamxara rpecra, c 4 pepa n 8 pasn, na npxa
na r. nap. nnmna uamxa (opasynana or cpacnanero na npnnnernn nncruera) ce namnpa
cmnncxara uamxa (nrpemna uamxa), xoxro e ncxonnna n sanpmna c 4-5 uernnxn. Benuero
cnnto-nnonerono, nro 4-8 mm, 4-enno. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr onen (rano 45, ]nr. 1).
Hs nnaxnn nnnan n npennannncxnre n nnannncxnre mecrnocrn n sanannre uacrn na
crpanara. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Honcxo uepnornanue Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, na npxa onxnoneno pasxnoneno crno,
nncoxo 30-120 cm, n onnara uacr c opnarn naony uernnxn, narope nourn rono o rcro
xco oxocmeno. onnnre nncra nponronaro nannernn, nasenn; crnennre nnponnnn nnn
nepecro pasenenn, no-pxxo nenn, c rcrn xopann nnacnnxn. Cnnernxra xnecrn, c onnnxa
or nxxonxo nncruera. Bnmnara uamxa cnnecxana, 4-pecra, c 4 nnn noneue snn no xpax,
nrpemnara uamxonnna cc snn, noonn na uernnxn. Hneronere cnerno-nnoneronn, pxxo
uepneno-nnoneronn o posono-enn, nepn]epnnre no-ronemn or pyrnre. Tnunnxnre 4.
unnxr onen (rano 45, ]nr. 2).
Ho rpenncrn mecra, nnnan n xpacranann n nxnara crpana. H]rn ma cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. CAOHOHBETHH - ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
1. Cnnernxra npannnnn xnecrn rnannuxn, 1,5-4,5 cm n namerp, es oma onnnxa n
ccranenn or ronxm po nnnnnpnunn enonnernn xomnnuxn, ncxxa or xonro npnrexana
cocrnena onnnxa. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn.
Fonnnn pacrennx...................................
.................. Onxnonen uenxnnx Echinops ritro L.
1*. Cnnernxra c pyra ]opma (nonyxnecrn, nnocxn, nnnnnpnunn n p.) n ncxxo
npecrannxna ena xomnnuxa c oma onnnxa n no-ronxm po nnerone. Hneronere rpecrn,
]ynnennnn, esnuecrn n p. Heonnnn pacrennx...........................................2
2. Kpannre nnerone ]ynnennnn, cpennre rpecrn. Hnoonere c xnpunnxa............ Cnnx
mernnunna Centaurea cvanus L.
2 : Bcnuxn nnerone esnuecrn. Hnoonere es xnpunnxa...........
...................... Cnnx xnuxa Cichorium intvbusL.
Onxnonen uennnnx Echinops rilro L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npocrn (eno nnn nxxonxo) crna, xm npxa
pasxnonenn, nncoxn 20-60 cm, n onnara uacr xnesncro nnaxnecrn n enonnnecrn. Hncrara n
omoro cn ouepranne ennnrnunn, npncenann, nrn 10-20 cm, orrope ronn, orony
enonnnecrn, ennnuno nnn nono nepecro pasceuenn, c nnneno-nannernn enuera,
sanpmnamn c onn, no no pa cn es xcn mnnuera. Cnnernxra 1 - 5 no npxonere na
pasxnonennx-
(114)
ra, xnecrn, es oma onnnxa, ccranenn or ronxm po nnnnnpnunn enonnernn
xomnnuxn, ncxxa or xonro e noxpnra cc cocrnena noxpnnxa or xepemnoopasno napeenn
ronn nncruera, xaro nnmnnre onnnnn nncruera ca npenpnarn n rnxn uernnxn. Hneronere
cnnn, rpecrn. Hnoonere nnnnnpnunn, noxpnrn c npnnernann nnacnnxn, nrn oxono 6 mm,
na npxa c xoponxa or cpacnann n ocnonara cn uernnxn (rano 45, ]nr.3).
Ho cyxn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn - oxromnpn.
3a neuenn nenn ce nsnonsynar nnoonere (pora Fructus Echinopsi). Vnorpexna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Cnnn ue1nnunna Centaurea cvanus L.
Enoronmno, pxxo nyronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno, cnnno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo
20-80 cm, cnao naxxnnonnno nnnecro. Hncrara nocneonarennn, cmo cnao
naxxnnonnno nnnecrn, onnnre nannernn, ne-noxpann nnn nnponnno naceuenn, c pxxa,
crnennre nnneno-nanner-nn, nenoxpann, npncenann. Komnnuxnre ennnunn no
npxonere na pasxnonennxra, onanno-nnnnnpnunn, 12-13 mm n namerp. Onnnxnre
nncruera c xn nnnecr npnarx, no pa cn pecnnuecrn; nnmnnre senenn; nrpemnnre
xnrennxann, uecro c nnoneron orrenx. Kpannre nnerone no-epn, rnonocnnn,
]ynnennnn; nrpemnnre rpecrn, nnoneronn. Hnoonere nrn 3,5-4 mm, ]nnonnaxnecrn, c
xca (oxono 1mm) xnpunnxa (rano 45,]nr. 4).
Hs nocenn, xamenncrn n rpenncrn mecra n xpa nrnma onxnoneno xaro nnenen.
Pasnpocrpanena e n nxna Fnrapnx. H]rn ma cenremnpn. B cnpemennara mennnna ce
nsnonsynar nnernnre xomnnuxn (pora Flores Centaureae, Flos Cyanii). Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n
n naponara mennnna.
Cnnn ansuxa Cichorium intvbus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nr, nperenonnen mececr xopen. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
napaseno, uernnecro nnaxnecro o rono, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, nncoxo 20-120 cm.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, rpanann, nenpannnno nepecro pasenenn c no-ep
npxen xn, nrn 7-30 cm, mnpoxn 1-12 cm, c xca pxxa; crnennre nocneonarennn,
nannernn, npncenann n nonyoxnamamn crnoro, nasenn; na-ropnnre nenoxpann.
Komnnuxnre ennnunn nnn no nxxonxo c xca pxxa nnn nourn npncenann n nasnnre na
na-ropnnre nncra, 3-4 cm n namerp; onnnnnre nncruera n na xpra, pxxo xnesncro
pecnnuecrn. Bcnuxn nnerone esnuecrn, cnnn, pxxo enn. Hnoonere oparno xnennnn, c 2-5
recnn pa, nrn 2-3 mm, c xnpunnxa or 1-2 pea xcn nmcnnnn (rano 45, ]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, xpa nrnma, n nsxonn, ns oxonnn xynrypn n na pyrn mecra n
nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. B cnpemennara mennnna ce
nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Cichorii), xoro ce nsnaxa npes ecenra, a no-pxxo n
nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Cichorii). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
(115)
BHAKH CTC 3EAEHH HBETOBE H CTHBETHR
BYCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
HECPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. pnera nnn xpacrn, nonxxora xarepnnnn nnn ynnnnn .......2
1*. Tpenncrn pacrennx.............................7
2. Karepnnn xpacr c neunosenenn nncra...................
........................... Fpmnxn Hedera helix L.
2*. Hsnpanenn pnera n xpacrn c onannnn nncra............
..............................................3
3. Oxononnernnxr noen, ccranen or uamxa n nenue. Hnor xoxnuxa, saonxonena or
xprno cyxo nnnecro xpnno nnn nx c mececr oxononnonnx.uecro onnnn
xpacrn................................................ Cem.3pnacrenonn Rhamnaceae
3*. Oxononnernnxr npocr, ccranen or enn xpr nncruera, nnn neopasnnr, nnn
nnncna................................4
4. pno c nenn nasenn nncra c acnmerpnuna ocnona n nnnyxno
pasxnonenn crpannunn xnnxn. Cemero c xpnnarxa ...............
...................... Honcxn pxcr Ulmus minor Mill.
4*. pnera c nenn nncra cc cnmerpnuna ocnona n nepasxnonenn crpannunn xnnxn. Hnor
opexue, xyrnxa nnn nxnmuen nsnxno nnn oruacrn n pasnyxnnna onnna xyrnxa, nnn xn,
nocranen n nannuxonn-
na xynyna, oxnamama camo onnara my uacr..................
..............................................5
5. Hnoonere nxnmuenn n pasnyxnnna xyrnxa nnn n nannuxonnna xynyna, noxpnra c
mnnuera nnn nmcnn . . . Cem. Fyxonn Fagaceae
5*. Hnor xyrnxa nnn opexue.......................6
6. pno c xna xopa. Hnor cnnecxano opexue, cnaeno c nnnecro xpnnne.....................
Fpesa Betulapendula Roth.
6*. pno c xopa, xoxro ne e xna. Hnor xyrnxa, a cemenara cnaenn c xnpunnxa 3
............................... Tonona Populus L.
7. Vnnnno pacrenne c xyxo pecro crno, noxpnro c mnnuera. Hncrara nanennno 3-5-
ennn......... Xmen Humulus lupulus L.
7*. Pacrennx c nnsxmo nnn nsnpaneno crno, es onn.......8
8. uamenncruera napeenn n na xpra, nenuero nnncna (nneronere
penn, senennxann, cpann n cennnnn)......................
........................ Bannue Alchemilla vulgaris L.
8*. uamenncruerara napeenn n enn xpr.................
.............................................9
9. Hpnnncrnnnnre nn nn na nnnecra rpnna, onnnamn crnara . ........................
Cem.Hanaonn Polvgonaceae
9*. Hpnnncrnnnnre c pyro ycrpocrno nnn nncrara es npnnncrnnnn .
.............................................10
10. onnnre nncra na nra pxxa, nanennno nspxsann na 5-10 ocrpo nasenn xna
............ Kyxypxx Helleborus odorus W. K.
10*. Hncrara npocrn, nenn..........................11
(116)
11.Hncraranpocrn, nasenn. Pacrennx c napnnnn nnacnnxn...... .
.................. Onxnonena xonpnna Urtica dioica L.
11*. Hncrara nenoxpann. Pacrennx es napnnnn nnacnnxn........
.............................................12
12. Hncrara nocneonarennn..........................
....................... Cem.Hooonn Chenopodiaceae
12*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn........................13
13. Hncrara nenoxpann, penn, nrn 2-8 mm. Crnara nonernann nnn cnao
npnnonnramn ce......... Hscnnnnnue Hemiaria L.
13*. Hncrara nasenn, epn, nrn 3-10 cm. Crnara nsnpanenn .... ................ Onxnonen
npones MercurialisperennisL.
CEM. BTPBOBH SALICACEAE
Tonona Populus L.
1. Bspacrnnre nncra none orony xno nanncrenn...........
............................ Fxna ronona P. alba L.
1*. Bspacrnnre nncra n or nere crpann ronn..............2
2. Hncrara rpnrnno pomnunn o nourn cpnennnn, na npxa cnnno
crecnenn n saocrpenn, npannnno nasenn.....................
........................... uepna ronona P.nigraL.
2*. Hncrara saxprnenn nnn rpnrnno ennnrnunn, xco saocrpenn n
nenpannnno nasenn.................................
........................... Tpenernnxa P.tremula L.
Bnna 1onona Populus alba L.
pno cc senennxanocnna xopa, nncoxo o 35 m. Mnanre xnonxn saonenn, enonnaxnecrn.
Hnxnre noxpnrn c ne n noneue nmcnn. Hncruerara npocrn, nocneonarennn, nrn 6-15 cm,
saonenn, c pxxa o 6 cm, noxo nanennno 3-5-ennn, orony uecro noxpnrn c enn
nnacnnxn, orrope ronn, ncxann; npnnncrnnnnre pano onanar. nyomno pacrenne c nnerone,
cpann n pecn mxxnre nrn 4-7 cm, a xencxnre 10-12 cm, nnnnnpnunn, ynncnann,
pasnnnamn ce enonpemenno c nncrara. Hpnnner-nnnnre xnrennxann nnn senennxann, no
pa nasenn n pecnnuecrn. Mxxnre nnerone c 6-10 rnunnxn, a xencxnre c ropen xunnx,
ron, c xco crnue. Oxononnernnxr nn nn na pena nannuxa. Hnor pasnyxnnna xyrnxa
(rano 46, ]nr. 1).
Pasnpocrpanena e no necxnnnn n uaxnecrn mecra, rnanno xpa pexnre n nxnara crpana oxm
1000 m n. n. H]rn mapr ma.
Tpene1nnxa Populus tremula L.
pno c rnaxa senennxanocnna xopa, nncoxo o 25-30 m, mnanre xnonxn senennxanoxa]xnn,
onxnoneno ronn. Hncrara saxprnenn nnn rpnrnno pomnunn, nrn 3-8 cm, or nere
crpann ronn n rnaxn, no pa nnnrxo n nenpannnno nasenn, c pxxa panna na nerypara n
cnnno crpannuno cnnecxana n ropnara cn nononnna. Hneronere cpann n ynncnann pecn, pas-
(117)
nnnamn ce npen nncrara, mxxnre nrn o 15 cm, xencxnre no-xcn, c na-nennno
nspxsann n mxnarn npnnnernnnn. Tnunnxnre 5-12, c xpxouepnenn npamnnnn. unnxr
ropen, c ne xonnunn xpxouepnenn nnsanna. Hnor pasnyxnnna xyrnxa, cemenara c
xnpunnxa (rano 46, ]nr.2).
Hs ropn, ceunma, noxapnma n pyrae npenmno n nnannnnre nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn
npes mapr n anpnn.
Hepna 1onona Populus nigra L.
pno c rmnocnna o nsuepna xopa, c ronn nnnnnpnunn xnonxn, nncoxo o 30 m. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, saocrpenn, rpnrnnopomnunn, nrn 5-10 cm, mnpoxn 4-8 cm, na pxxa,
nra 4-7 cm, crpannuno cnnecxana. Hneronere cpann n ynncnann nnnnnpnunn pecn,
mxxnre nrn o 9 cm, xencxnre o 12 cm, pasnnnamn ce npen nncrara, c nanennno
nspxsann, pano onanamn npnnnernnnn. Mxxnre nnerone c 20-30 rnunnxn c enn pxxn n
xpxouepnenn npamnnnn, xencxnre c enn nnonnx c ropen xunnx n crnue c 2 nnsanna.
Hnonara xyrnxa nra oxono 8,5 mm, xnennna, pasnyxnama ce no na mena, c mnoro
cemena, cnaenn c nrn enn nnacnnxn (rano 46, ]nr. 3).
Ho uaxnecrn, necxnnnn n xamennnnn mecra xpa pexnre n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn npes mapr n anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nponernnre nnxn na rpnre nna rononn (pora
Gemmae Populi), a raxa cmo n rxxnara xopa. Hsnonsynar ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BPE3OBH BETULACEAE
Bpesa Betula pendula Roth.
pno, nncoxo o 30 m, c xna nmmema ce na xopnsonrannn nnnnn xopa, a na crapnre pnera
n onnara uacr na crnara nourn uepna. Hncrara rpnrnno xnennnn, nrn 4-7 cm,
mnpoxn 2,5-4cm, xm ocnonara mnpoxo xnnnonnnn nnn orceuenn, na npxa saocrpenn, no
pa nono ocrpo nasenn, c pxxa, nra 2-3 cm. Hneronere cpann n pecn mxxnre
no 2-3, npncenann no npxo nere na xnonxnre, nrn o 6 cm, ynncnann, cc cnao pasnnr 4-
enen oxononnernnx, a xencxnre nnnnnpnunn, nsnpanenn, nrn 2-4 cm, senenn, es
oxononnernnx. Hnor cnnecxano opexue, cnaeno c nnnecro xpnno (rano 46, ]nr. 4).
Hs ceunma, noxapnma n na pyrn mecra, na-uecro n sonara na nrnonncrnnre ropn. Cpema ce
nn ncnuxn no-nncoxn nnannnn na Fnrapnx. H]rn npes anpnn n ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Betulae), nepasnnrnre nncrnn
nnxn (pora Gemmae Betulae) n nonyuennxr upes cyxa ecrnnannx na xnonnre xarpan (Pix
Betulae). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BYKOBH - FAGACEAE
1. Hncrara no xpanmara npannnno ocnnecro nasenn. Mxxnre pecn rnpn, nsnpanenn
narope. Hnoonere nxnmuenn nsnxno n cnnno onnna n
(118)
pasnyxnnna onnnxa cc senen nnxr.........................
.......................... Kecren Castanea sativa Mill.
1*. Hncrara no xpanmara no-cnnno nnn no-cnao nspxsann. Mxxnre pe-cn ynncnann naony.
Hnor xn, nocranen n nannuxonnna xynyna, oxnamama camo onnara my
uacr..........................2
2. Hncrara nnnarn npncenann (es nnn nourn es pxxa), nnoonere
npxy nra, na npxa nsrnena pxxa......................
.......................... Heren Quercus robur L.
2*. Hncrara nnnarn c ope pasnnra pxxa, nnoonere npncenann, c
xca n eena pxxa.................................
............... 3nmen Quercus petraea (Matuschka) Liebl.
Kec1en Castanea sativa Mill.
pno, nncoxo o 40 m. Hncrara ennnrnuno-nannernn, nrn 8-25 cm, mnpoxn 5-8 cm,
nasenn, snnre mnnonnno nponxenn; pxxara nra 1,5-3 cm. Hneronere cpann n
nrn (5-20 cm), nsnpanenn, xnaconnnn cn-nernx. B ropnnx xpa na cnnernero ca
pasnonoxenn mnoro mxxn nnerone, c 5-6-enen oxononnernnx n 10-20 rnunnxn. Xencxnre
nnerone ca ennnunn nnn o 3 n rpynn, pasnonoxenn no mxxnre nnerone n nmar 5-8-enen
oxononnernnx n 6-rnesen nnonnx, oxnanar ornn or xynynara. Bcxxa xynyna rcro noxpnra
c rnpn onnnn mnnone n cpxa 1 -3 nnoa c no eno ceme. Cne yspxnane xynynara ce
pasnyxna n nnoonere onanar (rano 47, ]nr. 1).
Opasyna ropn no cenepnnre cxnonone na Fenacnna, n Cnanxnxa na c. Herpono, n Orpaxen.
Cpemar ce n ennnunn pnera n nonoxnero na Hnpnn n 3anann n Cpenn Poonn.
Hsonnpano naxonme nma n 3anana Crapa nnannna na Fepxonnna. H]rn npes ma n mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
3nuen s, ropyn Quercus petraea (Matuschka) Liebl. (Qn. sessils Ehrh.)
pno, nncoxo o 40 m. Mnanre xnonn c rnxa n rnaxa xopa, a crnononere c eena cnno-
xa]xna, noxo nanyxana xopa. Hnxnre penn, nrn o 8 mm, xnennnn. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, mnpoxo onannn nnn xnennnn, nrn 7-12 cm, mnpoxn 6-9 cm, na npxa
mnpoxo saonenn, n ocnonara saxprnenn o xnnnonnnn, no xpax nnnrxo o cpeno noxo
na-enenn nnn nepecro naceuenn, c 5-8 noxn saxprnenn o ynxenn xnone, xm npxa na
nerypara nocrenenno namanxnamn. Hncrnara pxxa nra 12-30 mm. Mxxnre nnerone
pasnonoxenn noennnuno npxy ynncnann pecn, nrn 4-8 cm, c 6-8-enen oxononnernnx n 6-
10 rnunnxn. Xencxnre nnerone cpann no 2-5, pxxo noneue, npncenann nnn na xca o 1 cm
pxxa, c onen xunnx n crnue c 3 nnsanna. Hnor (xn) onnr n ocnonara cn or
uamxa (xynyna), 8-14 mm n namerp, ornn noxpnra c penn, xnennno-nannernn, rcro
nyxecrn, nnocxn nnn nsnxnann nmcnn. Xnr xnennen, nr 3,6- 4,5 cm, n namerp 8-
25 mm (rano 47, ]nr. 2).
Opasyna omnpnn uncrn nacaxennx nnn n npnmec c pyrn nnone. Tona e na-uecro
cpemannxr n Fnrapnx. Pasnpocrpanen e n nxnara crpana oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn npes
anpnn n ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopara na xnonxnre n mnanre crna, ne no-eenn
or 10 cm (pora Cortex Quercus), oenena pano nanponer. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara
mennnna.
(119)
Ae1en s Quercus robur L. (Qu. pedunculata Ehrh.)
pno c rmnocnna nanyxana xopa, c ronn uepnennxann xnonxn, nncoxo o 50 m. Hnxnre
xnennnn, nrn 5-7 mm, saocrpenn, noxpnrn c oxocmenn nmcnn. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
oparno xnennnn, nrn 8-20 cm, mnpoxn 3-10 cm, nenpannnno nspxsann, xm ocnonara
crecnenn, c ymnuxn, c 5-7 noxn xnone, orony nnaxnecrn, orrope ronn; nncrnara pxxa
nra 2-7 mm nnn nncrara npncenann. Mxxnre pecn nrn 3-5 cm, ynncnann, c 5-8-enen
senennxan oxononnernnx; xencxnre nnerone cpann n rposonnnn cnnernx na nra (3-12
cm) rona pxxa. Kynynara nonyc]epnuna, 7-14 mm n namerp, onnra c penn, mnpoxo
xnennnn, xepemnoopasno napeenn nmcnn. Xnr xnennno ynxen, nr 1,5-5 cm,
n namerp 7-27 mm (rano 47, ]nr. 3).
Hpenmno n nnsnnnre, xaro opasyna camocroxrennn nacaxennx n npnmec c pyrn
mnpoxonncrnn nnone n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn npes ma n mnn.
Hpnnoxennero my e xaxro na snmnnx .
Pasrneannre na nna ca cnnno nsmenunnn, xaro nanocnex penna or napnannnre nm ce
npnemar or nxxon anropn sa camocroxrennn nnone. Hesanncnmo or rona re ce nxnmunar n
rannnara sa onpeenxne n morar a ce nsnonsynar xaro neuenn pacrennx.
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanenn y nac ca cnennre rpn ope oocoenn nna: nep (Qu. cerris L.),
unnro nncra nmar npn ocnonara cn mnnonnnn npnnncrnnnn n xynynara my e noxpnra c
nsxpnnenn nasa mnnone; naryn (Qu.frainetto Ten., Qu. conferta Kit.), unnro nncra ca epn,
npncenann, c ymnuxn, oxnamamn xnonxnre; xocmar nnn xn (Qu.pubescens Willd.), npn
xoro mnanre xnonxn n nncrara ca rcro xocmarn, a nncrara n nnoonere ca npncenann.
CEM. BPRCTOBH ULMACEAE
Honcxn pnc1 Ulmus minor Mill (J. campestris L.)
pno, nncoxo o 40 m. Mnanre xnonxn ronn nnn pexonnaxnecrn c xnrennxana xopa,
crapnre xnonxn ronn, onxnoneno c xpnnonnnn xopxonn opasynannx, cc cnno-xa]xna xopa.
Hncrnnre nnxn ronn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, xnennnn, oparno xnennnn o oparno
nannernn, acnmerpnunn, nono o rpono nannnenn, o 8 cm nrn n 4 cm mnpoxn, c
nnnyxno pasxnonenn crpannunn xnnxn, orrope ronn, orony nnaxnecrn, na pxxa, nra 1-
1,5 cm. Hneronere nynononn, c npocr oxononnernnx, cc senennxan nnxr, onxnoneno 4-5-
enen, nr oxono 3 mm, cpann n cnonuecrn cnnernx c nnnecro, oparno xnennno
xpnnne (xpnnarxa), mnpoxo o 3 cm, c nspes na ropnara crpana, xoro ocrnra opexuero (rano
47, ]nr. 4).
Hs mnpoxonncrnn ropn rnanno n nnsnnnre n n onnnx nnannncxn noxc oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn npes mapr n anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna xopara (pora Cortex lmi). Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. KOHOHOBH CANNABACEAE
Xuen Humulus lupulus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c ynnnno pecro crno, nro o 6 m, c xcn mnnuera,
xyxo. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nrn 10-15 cm, nane-
(120)
nnno nspxsann na 3-5 xna, noxo cpnennnn npn ocnonara cn, no pa nannnenn,
saocrpenn, cnaenn c epn nannernn npnnnernnnn; nncrnnre pxxn pannn nnn no-xcn or
nncrnara nerypa. Hneronere enonononn, nyomnn, senennxann o xnrennxann. Mxxnre
nnerone penn, oxono 5 mm n namerp, c 5-enen oxononnernnx n 5 rnunnxn, cpann n xcn
mernnuecrn cnnernx, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara. Xencxnre nnerone pasnonoxenn n
nasnnre na xnro-senenn nncronnnn npnnnernnnn, xonro opasynar 2-3 cm nrn ynncnann
mnmapxonnnn cnnernx, ocrnramn npn yspxnanero o 5 cm nxnna. Ho nrpemnara
crpana na resn npnnnernn nmcnn ce namnpar xnrn erepnunomacnenn xnesn. Hnor mnpoxo
xnennno opexue, nro oxono 3 mm (rano 48, ]nr.1).
Ho nnaxnn mecra, ns xpacranann n xpa pexn n nxna Fnrapnx nourn o 1000 m n. n. H]rn
ma anrycr. Orrnexa ce n xaro cencxocronancxa xynrypa.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar mnmapxnre (pora Strobili lupuli), xonro ce orxcnar
npen pasn]rxnanero, n xnesnre (pora Glan duiae lupuli, Lupulinum). Vnorpexna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. KOHPHBOBH URTICACEAE
Onxnonena xonpnna Urtica dioica L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, noxpnro nxnoro c napnnnn nna-cnnxn, c nro nnsxmo
pasxnoneno xopennme. Hneronocnnre crna nsnpanenn, uernpnpecrn, nncoxn o 2 m.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro cpnennnn, onannn nnn nannernn, nrn o 15 cm,
mnpoxn 2-8 cm, xm npxa saocrpenn, no pa epo nasenn; nncrnara pxxa o nononnnara
or nxnnara na nerypara. Hpnnncrnnnnre 4, nponronarn, nnnecrn. nyomno pacrenne c
enonononn nnerone, pasnonoxenn n peconnnn cnnernx, nrn o 10 cm, nsnnsamn or
nasnnre na ropnnre nncra; mxxnre pecn onxnoneno nsnpanenn, a xencxnre ynncnann.
Oxononnernn-xr na mxxnre nnerone e or 4 enaxnn nncruera, na xencxnre nnerone nere
nnmnn nenuenncruera ca xcn, a nere, nrpemnn na nrn no-nrn. Tnunnxnre 4, xunnxr
ropen. Hnor cyxo enocemenno opexue (rano 48, ]nr. 2).
Hs nxnara crpana xaro pyepanno pacrenne. Crnra nourn o annncxnx noxc. H]rn ma
oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia rticae), xonro ce epar or ma
o cenremnpn, n xopennmero (pora Rhizoma rticae), xoero ce nsxonana npes cenremnpn.
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AAHAOBH POLYGONACEAE
1. Oxononnernnxr 4-enen...........................
................. Bononnnepnue Polvgonum hvdropiper L.
1*. Oxononnernnxr 6-enen .........................2
2. Hncrara cc crpenonnna ocnona......................
........................... Kncenen Rumexacetosa L.
2*. Hncrara cc saxprnena, cpnennna nnn xnnnonnna ocnona.....
..................... Annncxn nana Rumex alpinus L.
(121)
Kncenen Rumex acetosa L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro nyomno pacrenne c nsnpaneno rono nnn oxocmeno crno, nncoxo
o 1 m, onncreno n pasxnoneno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, npnocnonnnre n onnnre crnenn
na nra pxxa, ropnnre npncenann, xnennno nponronarn, nrn 3-15 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-5
cm, cc crpenonnna ocnona, nenoxpann. Ha ocnonara na ncexn nncr crnoro e oxnanaro
or nnnecro, no pa naseno nnn naneneno nnarannme. Hneronere enonononn, cpann nn
npxna pexana mernnna. Oxononnernnxr npocr, senennxan, ccranen or 6 nncruera,
pasnonoxenn n na xpra, saxprnenn, cpnennno-xnennnn o nonyxprnn; nrpemnnre
cnaenn c paannuxn, npn nnoonere ce paspacrnar, xaro oxnamar nnoa. Tnunnxnre 6,
pasnonoxenn no ne. unnxr ropen, c 3 nnmxonnnn crnuera, c xnuecrn nnsanna.
Hnor rpncrenno, ncxano rmnoxa]xno opexue (rano 48, ]nr. 3).
Hs nnaxnn nnnan n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Rumicis acetosae) n
nncrara. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Annnncxn nana Rumex alpinus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno nnsxmo nosemno xopennme n c, een
xnrennxn xopen. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo 1 -2 m, pasxnoneno, napaseno, uepnennxano
nnn xnrennxano, n cnnernero xocmaro. Hpnocnonnnre nncra c nra xneonnna pxxa, c
mnpoxo xnennna ]opma, nexo nnnonnnn no pa, epn, cc saxprnen npx n cpnennna
ocnona; cpennre crnenn nncra c xnennna ]opma n pxxa, a na-ropnnre ca na-penn,
c xnnnonnna ocnona, npemnnanama n pxxa. Bnarannmara epn, enesnnxann. Hneronere
senennxann, cpann n mernnuecro cnnerne. Hnernnre pxxn nrn, nsnnrn naony,
cunenenn n onnara cn uacr. Oxononnernnxr 6-enen; nrpemnnre nepnronnn nncruera
mnpoxo rpnrnno onannn, nrn 6 mm, mnpoxn 4 mm, nenoxpann nnn cc cnao nnnonnen
p. es paannuxn. Tnunnxnre 6. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyxo opexue (rano 48, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn xamennnnn mecra, xpa xomapn n noronn nn ncnuxn no-nncoxn nnannnn
npenmno n sananara uacr na crpanara. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Rumici alpini). Hsnonsyna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Bono nnnepnue Polvgonum hvdropiper L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c ocrp napnnn nxyc. Crnoro nsnpaneno, pasxnoneno,
rono, nncoxo o 1 m, uecro npn yspxnanero na nnoonere nxnoro nouepnenxna. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, nponronaro nannernn nnn nannernn, nrn 5-12 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-2,5 cm,
nenoxpann, xm ocnonara crecnenn n xca pxxa (0,5-1,5 cm) nnn nourn npncenann, ronn.
Hncrnnre nnarannma n ocnonara na nncrara nnnnnpnunn, nnnecrn, ronn no pa pec-
nnuecrn. Hneronere cpann nn npxnn, ynncnann xnaconnnn cnnernx.
(122)
Oxononnernnxr 4-enen, senennxan, na npxa uepnennxan, poson nnn xn, nr 3,5-4,5 mm,
cc snarncroxnrn o xnrennxann xnesn noonn na rouxn. Tnunnxnre 6 (8). unnxr
ropen. Hnor cyxo opexue, nro 2-3 mm (rano 49, ]nr. 1).
Ho nnaxnn n mouypnnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Polygoni hydropiperis),
xoxro ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
B namara crpana ce cpemar penna nnone nnnepnue, nxxon or xonro ca nnsxn o onncannx
nn, no ro ce pasnnuana no cnnno nmrnnnx cn nxyc, nnncnam npn pyrnre nnone.
CEM. AOBOOBH CHENOPODIACEAE
Cnaxa 1pena Chenopodium L.
1. Hxnoro pacrenne noxpnro c xnesncrn nnacnnxn n n cnexo ccroxnne nsana cnnna npnxrna
mnpnsma. onnnre nncra nepecro napxsann, ropnnre o nourn nenn......................................
............................... Ornnue Ch. Botrvs L.
1*. Ionn pacrennx nnn noxpnrn c xn pamnecr, necno nsrpnnam ce nanen .......................
uynen CA. bonus-henricusL.
Ornnue Chenopodium botrvs L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 70 cm, noxpnro c
xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, n omoro cn ouepranne xnennnn o
nponronarn, rtnn, c xnnnonnna ocnona, nenpannnno nepecro nspxsann, na pxxa, nra o
3 cm, na-ropnnre n cn-nernero onxnonno nenoxpann. Hneronere nynononn, pasmecenn c
xencxn, cpann n nnpamnanno mernnuecrn cnnernx no npxonere na xnonxnre.
Oxononnernnre nncruera 4-5, recnn, xnennnn, es rpen p, senennxann, cnao cpacnann
n ocnonara cn, onnnamn nsnxno nnoa. Tnunnxnre 1-5. unnxr ropen, c ne xcn
crnuera. Hnor nemonnno cnnecxan, mnpox 0,5-0,7 mm (rano 49, ]nr. 2).
Ho xamennnnn, necxnnnn n cyxn rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana o 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Chenopodii
botrys). Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Hynen Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c een, mececr mnorornanecr xopen. Crnara onxnoneno
mnorouncnenn, nsnpanenn, nncoxn o 80 cm,, npocrn nnn pasxnonenn, senenn nnn
uepnennxann, c mnoro pone; mnanre xnonxn c xn pamnecr nanen. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, epn, rpnrnno xonnennnn o nourn crpenonnnn n ocnonara cn,
nenoxpann nnn cnao nnnonnnn no pa cn, c pxxa, nra 5-8 cm. Hneronere nynononn
nnn camo xencxn, senennxann, cpann n xnaconnno-mernnuecrn cnnernx, n ocnonara nm
pas-
(123)
mecenn c nncra. Oxononnernnre nncruera 4-5, es rpen p, nnnecrn. Tn-unnxnre 2-5.
unnxr ropen, c 2- 3 nnsanna. Hnor crpannuno cnnecxan (rano 49, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, oxono xomapn n nnannma, npenmno n nnannnnre na 1000
m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Chenopodii Bonus-henrici),
xoro ce nsxonana xcno npes nxroro nnn pano nanponer. Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
CEM. KAPAMmHAOBH - CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Hscnnnnnue Herniaria L.
1. Hncrara n uamenncruerara ronn.......................
....................... Iono nscnnnnnue H. glabra L.
1*. Hncrara n uamenncruerara nnaxnecrn...................
................... Bnaxnecro nscnnnnnue H.hirsutaL.
Iono nscnnnnnue Herniaria glabra L.
Enoronmno, nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro, rono nnn cnrno nnaxnecro pacrenne
c nonernann, or ocnonara cn pasxnonenn crna. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, npncenann,
nenoxpann, manxn, nrn 2-7 mm, mnpoxn 1-4 mm, ennnrnunn o oparno xnennnn, c manxn
nnnecrn npnnncrnnnn. Hneronere cpann no 5-12 na rpynn n xnecrn nnn nourn
xnaconnnn cnnernx n nasnnre na nncrara, npncenann. uamenncruerara 5, n onnara cn
rpernna cpacnann, ennnrnunn nnn xnennnn, nrn oxono 5 mm, senenn. Benuenncruerara
cmo 5, neopasnnrn o nnmxonnnn, no-xcn or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen,
nourn cxpnr n nnernoro nerno. Hnor pasnyxnnna xyrnxa, no-xca or uamxara. O1ponno!
(rano 49, ]nr. 4).
Ho cyxnre rpenncrn, necxnnnn n xamenncrn mecra n no cxannre n nxnara crpana oxm 1000
m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Herniariae glabrae),
xoxro ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Bnaxnec1o nscnnnnnue Herniaria hirsuta L.
Enoronmno pacrenne cc cnnno pasxnoneno or ocnonara crno, c nnsxmn, nonernann no
semxra xnonxn, noxpnrn c xcn nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro ennnrnunn,
nrn 4-8 mm, mnpoxn o 2 mm, rnn, nsnxno nnn camo no pa nnaxnecrn; npnnncrnnnnre
manxn, saocrpenn. Hneronere nourn npncenann, nrn 1-1,5 mm, cpann n xnecrn nnn
ynxenn cnnernx rnanno no crpannunnre pasxnonennx, uamenncruerara nnaxnecrn,
senennxann, xnennnn, 5 na po, nrn o 1,5 mm, n ocnonara cn cpacnann, saocrpenn,
nnmnnre ne no-epn, ncnuxn nnn none rpn or rxx sanpmnar c uernnxn, nrn o 1 mm.
Benuenncruerara cmo 5, cncem neopasnnrn, nnmxonnnn, cxpnrn n uamxara. Tnunnxnre 2-
5, xcn. unnxr ropen, c nourn npncenano nnsanne. Hnonara xyrnxa no-xca or
uamxara. O1ponno! (rano 50, ]nr. 1).
(124)
Ho necxnnnn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Herniariae
hirsutae), xoxro ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Ionoro n nnaxnecroro nscnnnnnue ne rpxna a ce cmecnar npn cnpanero
CEM. AKTHKOBH RANUNCULACEAE
Kyxypnx Helleborus odonis W. K.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno nnsxmo xopennme, cc crno, nncoxo o 60 cm.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra (na-uecro enn) npesnmynamn, c nra pxxa, nanennnn nspxsann
na 5-13 onanno nannernn, ocrpo nasenn xna; crnennre no-penn, npncenann.
Hneronere xnro senenn, 2-4 na po, 5-7 cm n namerp. uamxara 5-nncrna, epa, senena,
sanasnama ce npn yspxnanero na nnoonere. Benuenncruerara 8-12, neopasnnrn n npenpnarn
n nexrapnnnn, mnoro no-manxn or nncruerara na uamxara. Tnunnxnre mnoro. Hnonnnnre 3-8,
c ropen xunnx. Hnor copen, ccranen or cpacnann n ocnonara cn nnocxn mexynxn.
O1ponno!(rano 50, ]nr. 2).
Hs xpacranann n nonxnn n npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc n nxnara crpana nourn o 1800
m n. n. H]rn ]enpyapn anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopennre n xopennmero (pora Rhizoma et Radix
Hellebori). Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. PO3OHBETHH ROSACEAE
mannue Alchemilla vulgaris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo rmnoxa]xno xopennme n nsnpaneno rono nnn
nnaxnecro pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 50-60 cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra na nra pxxa (o
20 cm), n omoro cn ouepranne saxprnenn o pexonnnn, n pasnnuna crenen nanennno
pasenenn na 7-11 xna, xonro ca nsnxno nnn camo nn npxnara cn uacr nasenn; crnennre
nncra cc snaunrenno no-xcn pxxn, na-ropnnre npncenann. Hneronere penn,
senennxann, es npnnnernn nncra, cpann n cennnxonnnn cnnernx. Benuero nnncna.
uamxara ccranena or na xpra c no 4, pxxo c no 5 nncruera, xaro nncruerara na nnmnnx
xpr ca nourn na nrn no-xcn or resn na nrpemnnx. Tnunnxnre 4 (5). unnxr enn,
ropen, c nnmxonnno crnue, c ronuecro nnsanne. Hnor cnnecxano xnennen, na npxa
saocrpen, sarnopen n xpymxnnoro nnerno nerno (rano 50. ]nr. 3).
Ho nnaxnn mecra, rop]nma, xpa noronn n nnannnnre na 1000 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Alchemillae) nnn nxnoro
pacrenne (Herba Alchemillae), xonro ce cnpar no npeme na n]rexa. Honxxora ce nsnaxar
saeno c xopennmero. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Bnr e cnnno nonnmop]en. V nac e npecranen c penna napnannn (uecro onpeenxnn xaro
nnone), rpyno pasnnunmn opn n or cnennanncrn. Te nxmar npaxrnuecxo snauenne nn
npsxa c nnxocnpanero.
(125)
CEM. MAEHKOBH - EUPHORBIACEAE
Onxnonen npones Mercurialis perennis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npocro, nepasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 15-45 cm, n
onnara cn uacr nourn rono, narope oxocmeno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, ennnrnuno nannernn
o ennnrnunn, nrn 3-10 cm, nasenn, saocrpenn, n ocnonara xnnnonnnn, na nra pxxa
(o 4,5 cm), cnao pecnnuecrn, c penn enn nnnecrn npnnncrnnnn. nyomno pacrenne c
enono-nonn nnerone, cpann n xnaconnnn cnnernx. nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara, c
npocr oxononnernnx, ccranen or 3 uamenncruera, nrn oxono 2 mm, ronn. Benuenncruerara
nnncnar. Mxxnre nnerone c oxono 10 rnunnxn, cpann no nxxonxo n nourn npncenann no
nxnnara na npexcnaroro cnnerne, xoero e nro 3-8 cm. Xencxnre nnerone c ropen
xunnx n ne nnmxonnnn nnsanna, cpann no 1-4 npxy ope pasnnra oma pxxa, nra
o 3 cm, xoxro npn nnoonere ce ynxana. Hnor cnnecnara xnecra xyrnxa, mnpoxa 6-7
mm, c xopann nnacnnxn. O1ponno!(rano 51, ]nr. 1).
Ho nnaxnn n cenuecrn ropncrn mecra n npennannnnre n nnannnnre n nxnara crpana oxm
2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna, a no-pano ce e
nsnonsynan n n o]nnnannara mennnna.
CEM. 3TPHACTEHOBH RHAMNACEAE
1. Hpnnncrnnnnre rnpn, npenpnarn n onnnn mnnone. Hnor xprna, cyxa, nnocxa
n mnpoxo xpnnara xoxnuxa.................
..................... paxa Jaliums spina-christi Mill.
1*. Hpnnncrnnnnre mexn, neonnnn. Hnor ronuecra xoxnuxa c xoxecr nnn mececr
oxononnonnx .............................2
2. Fonnn xpacr c xcn xnonxn, xm npxa mnnonnno saocrpenn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
nasenn............................
........... Cnanrenna spnnxa Rhamnus catharticus L.
2*. Heonnn xpacr c nocneonarennn nenoxpann nncra..........
..................... 3pnacren Frangula alnus Mill.
paxa Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (P. aculeatus Lam.)
Cnnno pasxnonen xpacr, nncox 2-3 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, xnennnn nnn ennnconnnn
o saxprnenn, nrn 2-4 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-3 cm, rnn nnn xco saocrpenn, n ocnonara
saxprnenn nnn cnao cpnennnn, nexcno cnrno nasenn o nenoxpann, xoxecrn, ronn,
ncxann. Hncrnnre pxxn nrn o 1 cm, 2-4 nrn no-xcn or nerypara. Hpnnncrnnnnre
nnonsmenenn n 2 rnpn, xcn xa]xnn onna, or xonro ennnxr e no-nr, xoco nsnpanen,
a pyrnxr no-xc n nsnnr nasa. Hneronere penn, 2-4 mm n namerp, nynononn, cpann n
nasnenn rposonnnn cnnernx, xnrennxanosenenn; uamxara n nenuero c no 5 nncruera.
Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr nonyonen, nourn nannno cpacnan c nnernoro nerno. Hnor cyxa
nepasnyxnnna xoxnuxa c 2-3 cemena, oxnanara or cyxo, no xpax nnnonnno nnocxo nnnecro
xpnno, 2-3 cm n namerp, cc cnernoxnr o xa]xn nnxr (rano 51, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra n ns xpacranann, nancxxe n no-ronnnre uacrn na crpanara oxm
600 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nnoonere (pora Fructus Paliuri). Hsnonsyna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
(126)
Cnan1enna sspnnxa Rhatnnus catharticus L.
Xpacr nnn neronxmo pnue, nncoxo 4-6 m, c xcn xnonxn, nxxon or xonro onnnn. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, xnennnn o ennnrnunn, or ncxxa crpana c no 3-4 nronnnn xnnxn, nrn
3-7 cm, mnpoxn 2-3 cm, na npxa rnn, no xpax xco nannneno nasenn, c pxxa, nra 1-2
cm. Hneronere enonononn, senennxann, no 10-15 n cnonue n nasnnre na nncrara, nrn 4-5 mm,
na pxxn, nrn 5-8 mm. uamxara n nenuero c no 4 nncruera; mxxnre nnerone c no 4
rnunnxn, xencxnre c nonyonen 3-4-rnesen xunnx. Hnor couen, xocrnnxon, uepen n
necrxm, nr 6-8 mm (rano 51, ]nr. 3).
Hs xpacranannre n nxnara crpana npenmno xpa pexnre oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn npes ma n
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar yspennre uepnn nnoone (pora Fructus Rhamni
catharticae), nncrara (pora Folia Rhamni catharticae) n xopara (Cortex Rhamni catharticae).
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
3spnac1en Frangula alnus Mill. (Rhamnus frangula L.)
Xpacr nnn nncxo pnue c rnaxa cnno-xa]xna ncxana xopa, nncoxo 5-7 m. Mnanre xnonxn
uepneno-xa]xnn, c enesnnxann xopnsonrannn nemanxn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, ennnrnunn
o oparno xnennnn, nrn 4-7 cm, mnpoxn 2-4 cm, ornauano nnaxnecrn, no-xcno ronn,
nenoxpann, c nepecro xnnxynane, cc 7-9 npann xnnxn or ncxxa crpana, c xca pxxa (o
1,5 cm). Hneronere ennnunn nnn no 2-7 n nasnnre na nncrara, penn, nrn 3-4 mm,
neosenenn, nynononn, 5-ennn, na pxxa, nra o 1,5 cm. uamxara rona. Tnunnxnre 5.
unnxr nonyonen. Hnor couen, ronuecr, xocrnnxonnen, ornauano senen, cne rona
uepnen, a npn yspxnanero uepen, 6-10 mm n namerp (rano 51, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn xpacranaunn mecra n xpa pexn nourn n nxnara crpana oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn
ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna nscymenara xopa or mnan crna n xnonn (pora
Cortex Frangulae), xonro ce oennar nanponer npen noxnxnanero na nncrara. Kopara ce
ynorpexna, cne xaro ornexn ena ronna nnn cne xaro ce nscymn npn 100 C n
nponxenne na enn uac. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Hopan rona ue xopara ce cnpa npen pasnncrnanero, rx uecro ce pxa c xopa or enma,
npa, c nxxon nnone spnnxa n p. Kopara na spnacrena ce pasnnuana necno or xopara na
spnnxara no rona, ue npn nocranxne nn noa n sarpxnane ce onnerxna nnmnenouepneno, a
spnnxara xepemnenoopanxeno. 3pnacrenr ce pasnnuana or resn xpacrn n pnera n no
rona, ue xoraro nexo ce ocrpxe ropnnxr nnacr na xopara my, ce nnxa uepnen nnacr, xoro
npn nocouennre nnone e senen nnn xa]xn.
CEM. BPTmARHOBH ARALIACEAE
Bpsmnnn Hedera helix L.
Hnsxm xpacr cc crno, nro o 30 m, c mnoroponn oannn (xnararennn) xopenn no
nero. Hncrara nocneonarennn, neunosenenn, xoxecrn n ncxann, or na rnna nenoxpann,
nrn o 12 cm, c ennnrnuna nnn opar-
(127)
no xnennna ]opma no cnnernxra, n 3-5-ennn, nrn o 15 cm no nererarnnnnre xnonxn, c
nncrna pxxa, ne no-nra or nerypara, es npnnncrnnnn. Hneronere onxnoneno nynononn,
senennxanoxnrn, cpann n cennnnn, opasynamn rposonnnn cnnernx, pasnonoxenn no
npxonere na xnonxnre. uamxara or 5 cnrnn suera nnn nourn nnncna. Benuenncruerara
nrn 3-5 mm, 5 na po. Tnunnxnre 5, no-xcn or nenuenncruerara. Hnonnxr c onen nnn
nonyonen xunnx, 5-rnesen, c 5 cpacnann crnuera. Hnoonere xnecrn, npn yspxnanero
rmnonnoneronn nnn uepnn, 8-10 mm n namerp, c 2-5 cemena, xonro yspxnar na cnenamara
ronna. O1ponno!(rano 51, ]nr. 5).
Hs ropn n cenuecrn mecra, no-pxxo n no cxann n nxnara crpana nourn o 1500 m n, n. H]rn
npes anrycr n cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Hederae), xonro ce epar no
npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
CEM. MACAHHOBH OLEACEAE
Hnannncxn ncen Fraxinus excelsior L.
pno, nncoxo o 40 m, cc cnna nnn cnno-xa]xna rnaxa xopa. Hnxnre uepnn. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, c pxxa, neun]ronepecrn, epn, nrn o 40 cm, ccranenn or 7-17
npncenann nncruera, nrn 4-12 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-5 cm, nponronaro onannn, nponronaro
nannernn n nannernn, ocrpo nasenn, xm ocnonara nenoxpann, saocrpenn, es
npnnncrnnnn. Hneronere cpann no mnoro n mernnuecrn cnnernx, xonro nsnnsar or nasnnre
na mnnanoronmnnre nncra n ce pasnnnar npen pasnncrnanero. Hneronere nynononn, mxxn
n xencxn, ncnuxn es uamxa n nenue. nynononnre nnerone nmar ropen xunnx, c ynxeno
crnue n ne rnunnxn. B xencxnre nnerone nma camo nnonnx, a rnunnxnre ca neopasnnrn
nnn nnncnar. Mxxnre nnerone nmar camo 2 rnunnxn. Hnor e nnocxa xpnnarxa,
nponronaro ennnrnuna, nra 3,5-4,5 cm, mnpoxa o 1 cm, n ocnonara pasmnpena, xero e
nxnmueno cemero (rano 52, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce n mnpoxonncrnn ropn rnanno n npennannnnre n nnannnnre oxm 1200 m n. n.
H]rn npes anpnn n ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Fraxini) n xopara na crnoro
(Cortex Fraxini). Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
EHOCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
1. Honyxpacrue c mnpoxn nncronnnn xnonxn c onnue na npxa. Hncrara peynnpann o
nmcnnnn. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no cpenara xnnxa
na nncronnnnre xnonxn...............................
..................... Fonnn sanncr Ruscus aculeatus L.
1 *. Tpenncrn pacrennx c nopmanno pasnnrn nncra.............2
2, Crnoro ynnnno, neonnno, cc cpnennnn nncra. Hnor uepnena xroa........................
Fpe Tamus communis L.
(128)
2*. Heynnnnn pacrennx. Hncrara nnnenn, crpenonnnn nnn xonnennnn
..............................................3
3. Hncrara epn, mnpoxn, xonnennnn nnn crpenonnnn, na-uecro c pxxa. Cnnernero
mececr nnnnnpnuen xouan c onnnen nncr.......4
3*. Hncrara nnnenn, es pxxa. Cnnernxra es onnnen nncr. Crnara xyxn, c nsnn.
Oxononnernnxr peynnpan o nmcnnnn..........5
4. Fnarno pacrenne c rpnpecro crno n meuonnnn nncra. Cnnernero pasnonoxeno xoco
orcrpann na crnoro....................
............................ Axopyc Acorus calmus L.
4*. Cyxosemno pacrenne c rpyxa. Hncrara nnocxn, mnpoxo xonnennnn.
Cnnernero na npxa na esnncrnoro crno onnro c mnpoxo noxpnnano . .
. . . Hernncr smnxpnnx ArummaculatumL.
5. Hxxonxo xnaconnnn xnonxn nsnnsar nanennno or npxa na crnoro. Hnennre nourn
pannn nomexy cn........................
...................... Tpocxor Cvnodon dactvlon (L.f Pers.
5*. Cnnernero xnaconnno, c pasaneuenn nnn cnao npnnoxpnnamn ce npncenann
xnacuera.......... Hnpe Agropvrum repens (L.) P. B.
CEM. KPEMOBH LILIACEAE
Bonnn sannc1 Ruscus aculeatus L.
Hncxo nonyxpacrue cc cnnno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 30-60 cm, c nnsxmo xopennme.
Kpannre xnonxn nnocxn, nncronoonn, nrn 1 -3 cm, mnpoxn 5-10 mm, mnpoxo nannernn,
na npxa onnno saocrpenn; npxy rxx ca pasnonoxenn neopasnnrnre nncra, xonro nmar nn
na nmcnnnn. Hneronere enonononn, nyomnn, pasnonoxenn no enn nnn no nxxonxo npxy
cpenara xnnxa na nncronnnnre xnonxn n nasnara na enam saenexnm npnnnernnx.
Oxononnonnxr npocr, senennxan, nr o 2 mm, c 6 nncruera, pasnonoxenn n na xpra,
xaro nrpemnnre ca no-xcn or nnmnnre. Tnunnxnre 3. unnxr ropen, c xco crnue.
Hnor mececra uepnena xroa (rano 52, ]nr. 2).
Hs ropn n xpacranann npenmno n no-ronnnre uacrn na crpanara oxm 900 m n. n. H]rn npes
mapr n anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopennre n xopennmero (pora Radix et Rhizoma
Rusci). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BPEHOBH DIOSCOREACEAE
Bpen Tamus communis L.
Mnororonmno pacrenne c mececro rpyecro xopennme, nro o 20-30 cm, mnpoxo 5-10 cm, c
nnmen xa]xn xopxon nnacr n enesnnxana cnysecra cpnennna. Crnoro rpenncro, ynnnno,
nro 1 -3 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, epn nrn 8-14 cm, mnpoxn 4-11 cm, oparno
xnennnn o pexonnnn, c noxa cpnennna ocnona, na npxa saocrpenn, nenoxpann,
c nra pxxa. Hneronere enonononn, nyomnn, neosenennxann, cpann n rposonnnn
cnnernx, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na no-ropnnre crnenn nncra. Oxononnernnxr c 6
nncruera, npn mxxnre nnerone cpacnann nourn o npxa cn nn nn na snnue c namerp o
6 mm, c 6 sena, a npn xencxnre
(129)
nnerone nncruerara cpacnann camo n ocnonara cn. Tnunnxnre 6. unnxr onen, cc crnue,
paseneno na 3, n sannrn naony nnsanna. Hnor uepnena xroa. O1ponno! (rano 52, ]nr.
3).
Hs ropn n xpacranann npenmno n no-ronnnre uacrn na crpanara oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nosemnara uacr (pora Rhizoma Tami), xoxro ce
nsxonana npes ecenra. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HTHH POACEAE (GRAMINEAE)
Hnpen Agropvrum repens (L.f P. B.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nrn nnsxmn nosemnn nsnxn. Crnara nsnpanenn,
nncoxn 50-150 cm. Hncrara nnocxn, mnpoxn 4-8 mm, ronn nnn orrope nnaxnecrn n rpanann, c
ronn nnn nnaxnecrn nnarannma, c ycnopeno xnnxynane. Esnuero xco, o 1 mm, xaro xxnuxa.
Knacr nsnpanen, nr 10-15 cm, c rona nnn pecnnuecra neuynnnna oc. Hneronere cpann n
mnoroponn xnacuera, pasaneuenn nnn cnao npnnoxpnnamn ce, onanno nannernn, nrn 8-
16 mm, c 4-7 nnxra. Bcxxo xnacue onnro c no ne nnenn, nourn enaxnn, nocrenenno
saocrpenn, uecro c ocnnue, nannernn, nrn 7-12 mm, ronn. Hneronere npocro ycrpoenn
ncexn nnxr nma no ne nnennnn (ropna n onna), oxnamamn 3-re rnunnxn n nnonnxa, xoro
e c ropen xunnx; onnara nnennna 9-11 mm, saocrpena nnn npemnnanama n xc o 6 mm ocnn,
ropnara nnennna no-xca. Hnor spno (rano 52, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce ns rpenncrn mecra, nacnma, nnnan, xpacranann n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1600 m
n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nosemnnre nsnxn (pora Rhizoma Graminis),
xonro ce nsxonanar npes ecenra nnn nanponer. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Tpocxo1 Cvnodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo xopennme n nrn nosemnn n nasemnn
nsnxn. Crnara nsxoxmn nnn nsnpanenn, nncoxn o 50 cm, pasxnonenn or ocnonara cn.
Hncrara nnnenn, mnpoxn 2-3 mm, no pa ocrpo rpanann, ronn nnn oxocmenn, c ycnopeno
xnnxynane; esnuero xco, pecnnuecro. Cnnernero c 3-7 xnaconnnn xnonxn, nrn 3-5 cm,
nsnnsamn or ena rouxa. Knacuerara enonnernn, napeenn n na pea or enara crpana na
xnonxnre, crpannuno cnnecxann. Hnennre nrn 2-2,5 mm, pannn nomexy cn, cnnxann, na
npxa cn ocnnecro saocrpenn. Hnennnnre no xpax n na rpa cn pecnnuecrn (rano 53, ]nr. 1).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpaneno e no necxnnnn n rpenncrn mecra, nacnma n na pyrn mecra n nxnara
crpana oxm 1000 m n. n., na-uecro xaro nnenen. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nosemnnre uacrn na rpocxora (pora Rhizoma
Graminis italici), xonro ce nsnaxar pano nanponer nnn npes nropara nononnna na nxroro o
ecenra. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
(130)
CEM. 3MHRPHHKOBH ARABEAE
Axopyc Acorus calntus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xopnsonranno xopennme, nro o 1,5 m n eeno o 3
cm, cc cnnna npnxrna mnpnsma. Crnoro nsnpaneno, cnao pasxnoneno, rpnpecro, nncoxo
50-150 cm. Hncrara nnneno meuonnnn, nrn 60-100 cm, mnpoxn o 3 cm, n ocnonara cn c
mnpoxo nnnecro nnarannme, xoero no xpax e uepneno-nnonerono. Cnnernero xnrosenenn-
xano, nnnnnpnuno, nro 4-12 cm, noono na napennuen xouan, c mnoroponn penn
nneruera, pasnonoxeno xoco orcrpann, xaro na nero nponxana noxpnnnnxr nncr
(noxpnnanoro). Oxononnernnxr ccranen or 6 nponronarn, na npxa saxprnenn, oparno
xnennnn nncruera, no-mnpoxn, orxonxoro nrn. Tnunnxnre 6. Hnor cyxa, ynxena
mnorocemenna uepnena xroa (rano 53, ]nr. 2).
Ho mouypnnnn mecra xpa p. Hcxp n Camoxoncxo n Co]ncxo none n n Kasannmxo. V nac ce
cpema camo xaro npeneceno pacrenne. H]rn ma mnn.
3a neuenn nenn n cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopennmero (pora Rhizoma Calami),
xoero ce nsxonana npes ecenra.
He1nnc1 sunnpnnx Arum maculatum L
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c onanna nnn nnnnnpnuna nosemna rpyxa, or xoxro
nsnnsar 2-3 crpenonnnn nnn xonnennnn nncra, nrn 15-40 cm, pasnonoxenn na rnxa nra
pxxa (n ocnonara cn pasmnpena nn nnarannme), xonro orpmar nneronocnnx crpx.
Hneronere enonononn, cpann n cnnerne mececr xouan, onnr c noxpnnen nncr; xencxnre
pasnonoxenn n onnara uacr na xouana, ccranenn camo or enornesnn xunnnn, mxxnre
pasnonoxenn no-rope, ccranenn or 3-4 npamnnxa. Mexy mxxnre n xencxnre n na
mxxnre nnerone ce namnpar nnmxonnnn npnarnn. Hoxpnnnnxr nncr ornn e senennxan,
no xpax n onnara cn uacr xpxo nnn rmnouepneno oarpen, crecnen, nocne mnpoxo pasnepen n
n ropnnx cn xpa xa]xno-nnoneron. Hnor opanxeno-uepnena couna xroa. O1ponno! (rano
53, ]nr. 3).
Hs cenuecrnre ropncrn mecra npenmno n nnannncxnx noxc nourn n nxna Fnrapnx. H]rn
mapr ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cnexnre rpyxn (pora Tubera Ari maculati), xonro
ce nsnaxar, npen a ce pasnnxr nncrara. ecrnnero na nscxnannre rpyxn e cnao. Hma
mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome na nna smnxpnnx, rpyxnre na xonro ce nsnonsynar n mennnnara.
Tona ca nsrounnxr smnxpnnx (A. orientate Mill.), unnro rpyxn ca saxprnenn n cnnecxann, n
nrannancxnxr smnxpnnx (A. italicum Mill.), npn xoro onnnnnxr nncr n ropnnx cn xpa e xn.
(131)
BHAKH C BEAH HBETOBE
BYCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
HECPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. pnera nnn xpacrn (nonxxora ynnnnn).................2
1*. Tpenncrn pacrennx.............................4
2. Hncrara npocrn, nenoxpann, nasenn nnn nspxsann no na-pasnnuen naunn ..................
Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae
2*. Hncrara nanennnn, c 3 nnn noneue nncruera nnn nepecrn.....
..............................................3
3. Vnnnen xpacr c nepecrn nncra n npannnnn nnerone c npocr nenuenn-
en oxononnernnx. Tnunnxnre mnoro, cnoonn .................
................... Onxnonen noner Clematis vitalba L.
3*. pnera n xpacrn c nsnpanenn crna. Hncrara nepecrn. Oxonon-
nernnxr noen, c uamxa n nenue. Tnunnxnre 10 nnn mnoro...........
......................... Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae
4. Oxononnernnxr npocr, ccranen or enn xpr nncruera.......
...................... Cem. Cennnxonnernn Apiaceae
4*. Oxononnernnxr noen, ccranen or uamxa n nenue.........5
5. Hneronere nenpannnnn. Tnunnxnre 10, or xonro 9 cpacnann n rpnna, a ecerara cnoona
. . Opnnuna erennna Trifolium arvense L.
5*. Hneronere npannnnn............................6
6. Tnunnxnre noneue or 15..........................7
6*. Tnunnxnre o 10, pxxo o 15......................8
7. Tnunnxonnre pxxn cpacnann n onnara uacr.............
........................... Cem.Cnesonn Malvaceae
7*. Tnunnxonnre pxxn cnoonn......................
......................... Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae
8. Hnonnnnre nxxonxo. Hncrara mececrn, nonynnnnnpnunn......
....................... Fxna rncrnra Sedum album L.
8*. Hnonnxr camo enn. Hncrara ne ca mececrn............9
9. Hncrara npocrn, nenoxpann nnn nasenn.............10
9*. Hncrara cnoxnn nnn noxo nspxsann, nnn naceuenn na xnone . .
...................... Cem. Cennnxonnernn Apiaceae
10. Crnuero eno................................
..................... Cem. Kpcronnernn Brassicaceae
10*. Crnuerara ne nnn noneue, nnn nnsannara npncenann......
.............................................11
11.Hncrara nocneonarennn nnn ncnuxn cpann npn ocnonara na
crnoro.......................................13
11*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn ........................12
12. uamxara cpacnanonncrna c 5 sena....................
........................ Canynue Saponaria officinalish.
12*. uamxara ccranena or 4-5 cnoonn nncruera..............
................. Bpauonn upenna Stellaria media (L.)Jill.
13. unnxr c 5 crnuera...........................
................... Cnanrenen nen Linum catharticum L.
13*. Crnuerara ne nnn c 4 npncenann nnsanna...........14
(132)
14. Crnuerara ne ...............................
....... Kprnonncrna xamenonomxa Saxifraga rotundifolia L.
14*. Fes pasnnrn crnuera, c 4 nourn npncenann nnsanna........
........................ Cem.Pocnnonn Parnassiaceae
CEM. KAPAMmHAOBH CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Bpauonn upenna Stellaria media (L.) Jill.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno pacrenne c nonernano nnn npnnonnramo ce crno, c ena
xocmara nnnna. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, onnnre xnennnn, saocrpenn, nrn o 2 cm,
mnpoxn o 1 cm, c pxxa, nra o 1,5 cm, ropnnre npncenann, ncnuxn ronn. Hneronere
cpann n ronuecrn cnnernx, na-uecro xnesncro nnaxnecrn, na nra pxxa, c rpenncrn
nncronnnn npnnnernnnn. uamxara 5-enna, nenuenncruerara cmo 5, enn, noxo
nyennn, pannn nnn no-xcn or uamxara, nonxxora nnncnar. Tnunnxnre 3-5 (10). unnxr
ropen, c 3 crnuera. Hnor ynxena xyrnxa, no-nra or uamxara (rano 54, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce no nnaxnn mecra, ropcxn nonxnn, xpa nrnmara xaro ypen, ns nnnnre xaro
nnenen, oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn or panna nponer o xcna ecen. Vnorpexna ce n naponara
mennnna.
3aoe.erra.Canvu:e Saponaria officinalis L. (er. npu ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
CEM. AKTHKOBH RANUNCULACEAE
Onxnonen none1 Clematis vitalba L.
Crnoro pnenncro, xarepnnno (no pyrn pnera), nro o 30 m. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
npocro nepecrn, na nra pxxa, c 3-9 onannn, no-pxxo nnneno-nannernn, nenoxpann nnn
epo nasenn nncruera, c pxxa, nra 0,5-2 cm. Hneronere enn, na nra pxxa, cpann
n cnoxnn mer-nnuecrn cnnernx, npxnn nnn nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara. Oxononner-
nnxr npocr, nenuennen, or 4 (pxxo 5) nponronarn, rnn, rcro eno-nnaxnecrn nncruera,
nrn 6-10 mm. Tnunnxnre mnoro na po, nourn pannn na oxononnernnxa. Hnonnnnre
nnaxnecrn, mnoro na po, c ropen xunnx, c nro crnue. Hnernoro nerno nnaxnecro.
Hnor copen, or mnoro cnnecxann opexuera, noxpnrn c nnacnnxn. O1ponno n cneao
csc1onnne! (rano 54, ]nr. 2).
Hs xpacranann n ropn n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1200 m n.n. H]rn ma cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Clematis vitalbae), xopenr
(pora Radix Clematis vitalbae) n nneronere (pora Flores Clematis vitalbae). Hsnonsyna ce
mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
(133)
CEM. KPTCTOHBETHH - BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
1. Hnor mymynxa, na-manxo 4 nrn no-nr, orxonxoro mnpox . . .
..............................................2
1*. Hnor mymynunna, ne no-nr nnn no-manxo or 4 nrn no-nr, orxonxoro mnpox
..................................4
2. Hncrara nenn, nasenn............................
............. Hxnunna Alliaria officinalis (MB) Cav. et Grande
2*. Hncrara nepecrn...............................3
3. Bymynxara cnnecxana, npana. Cemenara nn ncxxo rneso pasnonoxenn n enn
pe......................................
................... Hnnana ropna CardaminepratensisL.
3*. Bymynxara noyra, nnnnnpnuna, nsnnra. Cemenara nn ncxxo rneso pasnonoxenn n ne
pennn ............................
................. Horouapxa Nasturtium officinale (L.) Desv.
4. Hncrara orpmar crnoro cc cpnennnara cn nnn crpenonnna
ocnona.........................................5
4*. Hncrara crecnenn xm ocnonara cn nnn c pxxa n ne orpmar crnoro ..............
Hennnmxa Coronopus procumbens Gilib.
5. Hnor rpnrnen, na-mnpox na npxa cn................
............ Onuapcxa ropnuxa Capsella bursa-pastoris Med.
5*. Hnor (es a ce rnear xpnnonnnnre my nspacrnn, axo nma raxnna) onanen nnn
ennnrnuen..............................6
6. Cnpmeno rono pacrenne. Inesara na nnoa c no 1-8 cemena.....
..................... Honona nxnuxa Thlaspi arvense L.
6*. Hncrara noxpnrn c nnacnnxn. Inesara na nnoa c no eno ceme . . . .................. Ponnna
rpena Cardariadraba(L.)Desv.
Asanunna, uecnona 1pena Alliaria officinalis (MB.) Cav. et Grande
nyronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo o 120 cm, pecro napaseno, n onnara
cn uacr pascexno oxocmeno c pasnepenn nrn nnacnnxn, n ropnara uacr rono. Hpnocnonnnre n
onnnre crnenn nncra c nra pxxa (o 12 cm), pexonnnn o cpnennnn,
nnnoopasno nasenn o nenoxpann, ocranannre crnenn rpnrnno cpnennnn, na xca
pxxa, nra 5-17 cm, mnpoxn 4-15 cm. Cnnernero mnronnno, no-xcno npn nnoonere ce
ynxana n crana rposonnno. Hnernnre pxxn rnxn, ronn, nourn pannn na uamxara.
uamenncruerara 4 na po, nrn 2,5-4 mm, c xna nnnecra nnnna no pa cn.
Benuenncruerara 4, enn, nrn 5-8 mm, nourn nono no-nrn or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 6 (or
rxx ne no-xcn). unnxr ropen. Bymynxara nponronara, cnao 4-crenna, nra 2-8 cm,
uernpnpecra, cnao npnmnnara xaro poennna, saocrpena. Hxnoro pacrenne nma
cnenn]nuna mnpnsma na uecn (rano 54, ]nr. 3).
Hs ropn n cenuecrn xpacranann npenmno n nnannnnre oxm 1600 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna nxnoro pacrenne (pora Herba Alliariae), xoero ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
(134)
Ho1ouapxa Nasturtium officinale (L.) Desv.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npnnonnramo ce xyxo n rono crno, nncoxo o 60 cm,
nxopenxnamo ce no namnpamnre ce o nounara nsnn. Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, na nra
pxxa, onnnre c 1-3, ropnnre c 5-9 nncruera, saxprnenn o ennnrnunn, nasenn o
nenoxpann, c xca pxxa. Hneronere na pxxn, nrn 5-8 mm, cpann n rposonnnn cn-
nernx no npxonere na crnara. uamenncruerara 4, mnpoxo pasnepenn, nrn 2-3 mm.
Benuenncruerara cmo 4, enn, nrn 4-6 mm. Tnunnxnre 6 (4 2), c nnoneronn pxxn n
xnrn npamnnnn. unnxr ropen, c eno crnue. Hnor noyr, nnnnnpnuen, nsnnr,
nr 13-18 mm. Cemenara nn ncxxo rneso napeenn n ne pennn.
Ho nnaxnn mecra n xpa nooemn n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Nasturtii). Hamnpa npnnoxenne
n n naponara mennnna.
Annana ropna Cardamine pratensis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno rono crno, nncoxo 20-50 cm, onxnoneno
nepasxnoneno, n ocnonara cn c poserxa or nncra. Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, npnocnonnnre c
nra pxxa, c 1-7 noxn onannn o pexonnnn ronn nncruera, nenoxpann nnn c manxn
snn, c xca pxunna; npxnoro nncrue no-ronxmo, crnennre nncra npncenann nnn c
xca pxxa, c 2-5 noxn nponronarn nnn nnnenn, nenoxpann npncenann nncruera.
Cnnernero ornauano mnronnno, no-xcno rposonnno ynxeno, c 8-20 nnxra, c xca
pxunna, nra 1 -2 cm. uamenncruerara 4, onannn, nrn oxono 3 mm. Benuenncruerara 4,
nrn o 15 mm, enn nnn neoposonn. Tnunnxnre 6 (4 2). unnxr ropen, c eno crnue.
Hnor npana mymynxa, nra 2-4 cm, cnnecxana n npn pasnyxnanero xanauerara ce
nsnnnar nasa (rano 54, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn mecra n nnsnnnre. H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onuapcxa 1opnuxa Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno npocro nnn pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo
20-50 cm, rono nnn mexo nnaxnecro. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, c pxxa, nenn,
nasenn nnn nepecro naenenn, crnennre npncenann, nocneonarennn, nenn nnn
nenpannnno nspxsann, c 2 nspacrxa, npnnnuamn na yxo, xonro oxnamar crnoro. Hneronere
enn, cpann n rposonnno cnnerne, xoero npn nnoonere cnnno ce ynxana. uamxara c 4
nncruera, nrn 1-2 mm, xnennnn nnn nannernn, c xn nnnecr p. Benuenncruerara cmo 4,
enn, nrn 2-3 mm, na npxa cn saxprnenn n nnnarn, c eno mnnue, uecro posonn nnn
nnncnar. Tnunnxnre 6, or xonro 2 no-xcn, xaxro e npn ncnuxn nnone or rona cemecrno.
unnxr ropen. Bymynunnnre rpnrnnn, nrn 6-9 mm, nexo npxsann na npxa cn (rano
54, ]nr. 5).
Cpema ce no cmernma, xpa nrnma n p. oxm 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn noemnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Bursae pastoris). Hma
mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
(135)
Honona nsanuxa Thlaspi arvense L.
Enoronmno rono pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo o 60 cm, npocro nnn pasxnoneno n
ropnara cn uacr. Hpnocnonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, c pxxn, oparno onannn;
crnennre npncenann, nponronarn, n ocnonara c ymnuxn, oxnamamn crnoro, ncnuxn
noneue nnn no-manxo nasenn. Cnnernxra rposonnnn, cne npen]rxnanero ynxenn.
uamenncruerara 4, nrn oxono 1-2 mm. Benuenncruerara cmo 4, enn, oparno xnennnn,
nrn 3-4 mm. Tnunnxnre 6 (4 2). unnxr ropen, crnuero eno. Hnoonere 10-16 mm n
namerp, cnnecxann, c mnpoxn (oxono 3 mm) xpnna n xco crnue na npxa (rano 55, ]nr.
1).
Hs nnnn, opnnnn, xpa nrnma n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 mn. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Ponnna 1pena Cardaria draba (L.f Desv. (Lepidum draba L.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, noxpnro c nnacnnxn, nncoxo 15-90 cm,
n ropnara cn uacr mnronnno pasxnoneno. Hpnocnonnnre nncra crecnenn n pxxa, epo
nasenn o nnponnno naenenn; cpennre n ropnnre crnenn nncra npncenann, oparno
onannn o nannernn, nrn o 6 cm, mnpoxn o 4 cm, cc cpnennnara cn ocnona oxnamamn
crnoro. Cnnernxra mnronnnn. uamenncruerara 4, ronn, nrn 1,5-2 mm, c xn nnnecr p.
Benuenncruerara 4, enn, nrn oxono 4 mm. unnxr ropen, c eno crnue. Bymynunnnre
nrn 3-4,5 mm, mnpoxn 3,5-5,0 mm, oparno cpnennnn, es nsaenn crpannunn pone
(rano 55, ]nr. 2).
Hs nycreemn n ypenxcann mecra, noxpa crpan, nrnma n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana.
Pasnpocrpaneno e oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara
mennnna.
Hennnuxa Coronopus procumbens Gilib.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnnno pasxnonenn n nonernann nnn
npnnonnramn ce crna, nncoxn o 30 cm. Hncrara ronn, noxo nepecro pasceuenn, c
nponronarn nannernn, nenoxpann nnn napxsann enuera. Hneronere cpann n cnrn
cnnernx, cpemynonoxnn na nncrara. Hnernnre pxxn nrn o 2 mm. Hneronere enn, c
uamxa n nenue c no 4 nncruera, nrn oxono 2 mm. Tnunnxnre 6 (4 2). unnxr ropen, c
eno crnue. Bymynunnnre cnnecxann, nrn 2-3 mm, pexonnnn, cnnno mpexecro
napuxann nnn paannuecrn (rano 55, ]nr. 3).
Kpa nrnma, no nycreemn mecra, cmernma n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
anpnn mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. EBEAEHOBH CRASSULACEAE
Bnna 1nsc1nra Sedum album L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro, rono pacrenne, pasxnoneno or ocnonara cn, or xoxro nsnnsar
crenemn ce esnnonn, rcro onncrenn nsnxn n nsnpanenn nneronocnn crna, nncoxn 5-
20 cm. Hncrara nrn 4-12 cm, no-
(136)
cneonarennn, nonynnnnnpnunn, npncenann. Cnnernxra rcrn, mnronnnn, cnnno
pasxnonenn. Hneronere mnoroponn, c pxxa, nra 1-4 mm. uamenncruerara 5, ronn, n
ocnonara cn cpacnann, rnn. Benuenncruerara 5, nrn 3-4 mm, 3-4 nrn no-nrn or
uamenncruerara, saocrpenn, ynxeno nannernn, enn nnn nonxxora c posonn xnnxn.
Tnunnxnre 10, nourn pannn na nenuero, c uepnenn pexonnnn npamnnnn. unnxr ropen.
Hnor copen, or 5 mexynxn, nrn o 4 mm (rano 55, ]nr. 4).
Ho xamennnnn mecra n cxann oxm 2500 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. KAMEHOAOMKOBH - SAXIFRAGACEAE
Kpsrnonnc1na xauenonouxa Saxifraga rotundifona L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xopnsonranno xopennme n nsnpanenn ronn nnn xnesncro
nnaxnecrn pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn 15-70 cm. Hpnocnonnnre nncra na nra pxxa,
saxprneno pexonnnn o nourn xprnn, nrn 3-8 cm; crnennre nncra no-manxn n
manxo na po, ncnuxn epo saxprneno nasenn, uecro orony cnnxanouepnennxann. Hnero-
nocnnre crna nncoxn o 60 cm, onxnoneno pasxnonenn, c npocrn nnn xnesncrn nnacnnxn
o nourn ronn. Cnnernero pexana mernnna, c nnernn pxxn, nrn oxono 2,5 cm, c
npnnnernnnn, nrn 3-4 mm. uamenncruerara 5, cnoonn, nrn 2-3 mm, saocrpenn.
Benuenncruerara 5, nrn 5-10 mm, onxnoneno 2-3 nrn no-nrn or uamxara, mnpoxo
ennnrnunn, enn, c uepnenn rouxn, nenoxpann. Tnunnxnre 10. unnxr ropen, c ne
pasnepenn crnuera. Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa, nra 4,5-6 cm (rano 55, ]nr. 5).
Ho nnaxnn cenuecrn ropn, xamennnnn mecra, mouypnnnn nnnan, xpa nnannncxn norouera n
nnannnnre na Rrosanana Fnrapnx, Bnroma, Pnna, Ocorono, Hnpnn, Fenacnna, Cnanxnxa,
Crapa nnannna n p. nourn o 2700 m n. n. H]rn ma cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. POCHHOBH - PARNASS1ACEAE
Pocnna Pamassia palustris L.
Mnororonmno, nannno rono rpenncro pacrenne, onxnoneno c ennnuno nepasxnoneno
crno, nncoxo 5-50 cm. Hourn ncnuxn nncra ca cpann n npnocnonna poserxa, na nra
pxxa (2-10 cm), onannn, nrn o 4 cm, mnpoxn o 3 cm, n ocnonara cpnennnn,
nenoxpann; crnennre onxnoneno ennnunn, npncenann, oxnamamn crnoro.
Hneronere ennnunn, 15-30 mm n namerp, enn, na npxa na crnoro. uamxara noxo 5-
enna, nra 6-8 mm. Benuenncruerara cmo 5 na po, nrn 5-15 mm, rnn. Tnunnxnre 10, 5
or xonro es npamnnnn n ca pasnonoxenn mexy pyrnre. unnxr ropen, c 4 nourn
npncenann nnsanna. Hnor xyrnxa, pasnyxnama ce na 4 xna (rano 55, ]nr. 6).
Hs mouypnnnn nnnan, rop]nma, xpa nnannncxn noronn. Cpema ce ocra uecro no ncnuxn
nnannnn or nonoxnero nm nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
(137)
CEM. PO3OHBETHH ROSACEAE
1. Hsnpanenn nnn ronnno nsnnrn o xarepnnnn xpacrn.......2
1*. Tpenncrn pacrennx n nonyxpacrn ....................5
2. Hnonnnnre pasnonoxenn npxy nsnxnano nnerno nerno n npn ys-
pxnanero cranar mececrn, uepnn nnn uepnenn...................
................................ Knnna Rubus L.
2*. Hnonnnnre pasnonoxenn nrpe n noxo nnnaro nnerno nerno n npn yspxnanero
cranar cyxn, a crennre na nnernoro nerno mececrn, uepnenn ........................... Bnnxa
Rosa L.
3. Honyxpacrn, unnro crna ymnpar ncxxa ecen. Crnara c rnpn,
ocrpn, uecro cpnonnno nsnnrn mnnuera ....................
............................ Mannna Rubus idaeus L.
3*. Tpenncrn pacrennx. Crnara es mnnone............... 4
4. uamxara c enn xpr nncruera. Hncrara nepecrn............
............................ Opexue Filipendula Mill.
4*. uamxara c na xpra nncruera (nona uamxa).............
............................ roa Fragaria vesca L.
Opexue Filipendula Mill.
1.Hpnocnonnnre nncra c 2 - 5 noxn nncruera, mnpoxn 1,5 cm n noneue n mexy rxx penn
nasenn nncruera. Benuenncruerara nrn 2-5 mm .......... Fpxcronncrno opexue F.
ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
1*. Hpnocnonnnre nncra c mnoroponn (na 8 noxn) penn, nepecro napxsann nncruera,
no-recnn or 1 cm, enaxnn. Benuenncruerara nrn 5-9 mm.............. Hnnano opexue F.
vulgaris Moench.
Annano opexue Filipendula vulgaris Moench.(F. hexapetala Gilib.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme n nperenonnnn nnn nourn c]epnuno
saeenenn anenrnnnn xopenn. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo o 80 cm, rono, n ropnara cn uacr
pasxnoneno. Hpnocnonnnre nncra neun]ronepecrn, c 8-25 noxn ronemn nncruera, xaro
mexy ncexn ne noxn nma no ne manxn nncruera (ncxxo ronxmo nncrue e nro 0,5-2 cm),
nponronarn, noxo nasenn o nepecro naenenn, orrope ronn, orony no xnnxnre
nnaxnecrn. Hpnnncrnnnnre epn, nasenn. Cnnernxra mernnuecrn, npxnn, nrn 310 cm.
uamenncruerara onxnoneno 5 (6), nrn oxono 1 mm. Benuenncruerara enn, pxxo
neoposonn, onxnoneno no 6 (5), nrn 5-9 mm. Tnunnxnre mnoroponn. unnnnre 9-12,
cnoonn. Hnoonere copnn, mexynxn, nrn 3-4 mm, npann, nnaxnecrn (rano 56, ]nr. 1).
Hs nnnan n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara
mennnna.
Bpnc1onnc1no opexue Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme n nnmxonnnn xopenn. Crnoro
nsnpaneno, nncoxo o 2 m, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, rono nnn nnaxnecro, rcro
onncreno. Hpnocnonnnre nncra neun]ronepecrn, c 2-5 noxn ronemn nncruera, nrn 2-8
cm, mnpoxo xnennnn, saocrpenn, nannnenn o npxsann, npxnoro noxo rpnenno mexy
rxx
(138)
penn nncruera, ncnuxn na-uecro cnnno oxocmenn. Hneronere penn, 6-8 mm n namerp,
cpann n rcrn mernnuecrn cnnernx, nrn o 25 cm. uamenncruerara 5 (6), nrn oxono 1
mm. Benuenncruerara enn nnn xnrennxanoenn, 5 nnn 6, oparno xnennnn. Tnunnxnre
mnoro, na nrn no-nrn or nenuenncruerara. unnnnre 6-10, xnecrn, npncenann.
Hnonnre mexynxn nrn 3-4 mm, ronn, cnnpanno nsnnrn (rano 56, ]nr. 2).
Kpa nnannncxn noronn n no nnaxnn nnnan n Crapa nnannna, Pnna, Poonnre, Bnroma,
Ocorono, Co]ncxo none oxm 2500 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar npxnnre uacrn (pora Herba lmariae), xonro ce
cnpar n nauanoro na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Ksnnnn, uannna Rubus L.
1. Hncrara nepecrn, c 5-7 nncruera. Hnoonere uepnenn (pxxo xnrn), npn yspxnanero cn ce
orenxr or nnernoro nerno n nrpe ce nonyuana xyxnna......................... Mannna R. idaeus
L.
1*. Hncrara nanennnn. Hnoonere uepnn, cpacnann c nnernoro nerno
n ce orenxr saeno cc cpnennnara my.....................
............................. Knnna R. sp. Diversae
Mannna Rubus idaeus L.
Honyxpacr, nncox o 2,5 m. Opasynannre npes aena ronna crna ca rpenncrn, cc
cnnxanosenen nanen, esnnonn n c xcn, rnxn mnnuera. Hpes nropara ronna re
npnenxnar, n]rxr n cne opasnanero na nnoonere ymnpar, a nnsxmoro xopennme ana
nonn nsnxn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, neun]ronepecrn, c 5-7 nncruera, pxxo rponn,
orrope nourn ronn, cnno-senenn, orony npnnernano cpepncro nanncrenn; nncruerara
nponronarn o xnennnn, saocrpenn, nepannomepno ocrpo nannnenn, crpannunnre nourn
npncenann, npxnoro no-epo. Hneronere cpann no nxxonxo n mernnuecrn cnnernx.
Hneronere enn, oxono 1 cm n namerp, na pxxa. uamxara n nenuero c no 5 nncruera.
Tnunnxnre n nnonnnnre no mnoro. Hnor copen, uepnen, ccranen or mnoroponn
xocrnn-xonn nnouera, necno ce orenx or xonnunoro nnerno nerno (rano 56, ]nr. 3).
Ho cxannnre cnnen, ceunma, noxapnma, xamennnnn cxnonone n xpacranann n nxnara crpana
oxm 2500 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Rubi idaei) n nnoonere (pora
Fructus Rubi idaei). Bnpoxo ce nsnonsyna n n naponara mennnna.
Ksnnnn Rubus sp. Diversae
Hourn ncnuxn ocranann nnone or poa Rubus. xonro ca xpacrn n nmar uepnn nnoone, rpano
cnpsann c nnernoro nerno, or xoero ne ce orenxr, ca nsnecrnn na namnx napo no nmero
xnnnn, xaro nourn ne ce pasnnuanar orennnre nnone. V nac ca nsnecrnn ronxm po nnone
xnnnn. Crnara nm ca npnenenn, ronnno nsnnrn, nonernann nnn nourn
(139)
nsnpanenn, pxxo xarepnnnn, noxpnrn c rnpn onnnn mnnuera. Hncrara nm ca
nocneonarennn, nanennnn, c 5-7 nncruera, pxxo rponn, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn, nasenn,
saocrpenn xm npxa. Hneronere nm ca cpann n manxonnernn rposonnnn cnnernx.
Hnernoro nerno e nsnxnano n no pa my ca pasnonoxenn uamxara n nenuero. uamxara c 5
nncruera, sanasnamn ce npn nnoa. Benuenncruerara cmo 5, enn npn noneuero nnone,
pxxo o rmnouepnenn, nanpnmep xpnanouepnenara xnnna R. sanguineus Friv.
Tnunnxnre n nnonnnnre mnoroponn. Hnoonere copnn, ccranenn or mnoroponn
xocrnnxonn nnouera (rano 56, ]nr. 4).
Cpemar ce ns ceunma, ropcxn xpacranann, ropcxn nonxnn n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n.
n. H]rxr ma oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Rubi Iruticosi), nnoonere
(pora Fructus Rubi Iruticosi) n xopenr (Radix Rubi Iruticosi), xoro ce nsxonana xcno npes
ecenra, a nncrara ce cnpar npes nxroro. Hamnpar mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Lunra Rosa canina L.(b)k. npu ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
Rroa Fragaria vesca L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xa]xno xopennme n nrn nnsxmn nasemnn
nsnxn, xonro ce nxopenxnar. Hncrara nourn camo npnocnonnn, rponn, c nra pxxa (o
20 cm), nnaxnecrn: nncruerara nrn 1-6 cm, mnpoxn 2,5-3,5 cm, onannn o pomnunn,
nasenn; npn-nncrnnnnre nannernn, nenoxpann, nro saocrpenn. Hneronocnnre crna
nncoxn 5-30 cm, esnncrnn, nourn nsnpanenn, no-nrn or nncrara, oxocmenn. Hneronere
oxono 15 mm n namerp, enn. uamxara nona, c no 5 saocrpenn, nnaxnecrn, enaxno nrn
nncruera. Benuenncruerara 5, nrn o 10 mm, cnoonn. Tnunnxnre 20. unnnnre
mnoroponn, ronn. Hnernoro nerno cne npen]rxnanero ce paspacrna n opasyna mececra,
ornn uepnena nxnnna xroa, no nonpxnocrra na xoxro ca npacnann pennre nnouera
opexuerara. uamxara ocrana npn nnoa, pasnepena.
Hs ropn, xpacranann, ropcxn nonxnn n cxannn cnnen n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n.
H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Fragariae), xonro ce cnpar or
ma o anrycr, n nnoonere (pora Fructus Fragariae). Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. BOBOBH - FABACEAE (PAPILIONACEAE)
Opnnuna e1ennna Trifolium arvense L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno nnaxnecro crno, nncoxo 10-
40 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, rponn, c pxxa, unxro nxnna e pasnnuna n nocrenenno
namanxna narope, xaro na-ropnnre nncra ca npncenann. Hncruerara nponronaro nnnenn,
nrn 1-2 cm, mnpoxn 2-4 mm, nenoxpann nnn n ropnara cn uacr cnrno nasenn.
Hpnnncrnnnnre nannernn, nenoxpann, nnnecrn, noneuero uepnennxann. Hneronere enn nnn
neoposonn, cpann n xnennnn, c]epnunn nnn nnnnnpnunn rnannuxn, nrn 1,5-4 cm,
nourn npncenann, a pxxara na cnnernero e panna nnn no-nra or rnannuxara. uamxara
rpecra, nra
(140)
5-9 mm, c 5 mnnonnnn sena. Benuero oxono 2 nrn no-nro or uamxara, cne
npen]rxnanero cnernoxa]xno. Tnunnxnre 10. Hnor o (rano 57, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra uecro xaro ypen n nnenen. Pasnpocrpaneno e n nxnara crpana oxm
1500 m n. n. H]rn ma. oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. AEHOBH LINACEAE
Cnan1enen nen Linum cathanicum L.
Enoronmno, pxxo nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c rnxo, npocro crno, nncoxo 10-30
cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, no xpax pecnnuecrn, penn (5-20 mm), npncenann, onnnre
oparno xnennnn, ropnnre nannernn, saocrpenn. Hneronere enn, penn, cpann nn
npxnn mernnuecrn cnnernx. uamenncruerara saocrpenn, ennnrnunn, nrn 2-3 mm, n
ropnara cn uacr no pa xnesncro nnaxnecrn, na nrn no-xcn or nenuero. Benuenncruerara
nrn 4-5 mm, saxprnenn, n ocnonara cn xnrennxann. Tnunnxnre 5.unnxr ropen c 5
crnuera. Hnor xyrnxa, nra 1,5-3 mm (rano 57, ]nr. 2).
Hs nnaxnn nnnan, rop]nma n cenuecrn xamennnnn cxnonone n nxnara crpana n
npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.B cnpemennara
mennnna ce ynorpexna nxnara nasemna n]rxma uacr (pora Herba Lini cathartici)
CEM. CAE3OBH MALJACEAE
3aoe.erra. He:eoua pvra Althea officinalis L.. epaouucra pvra Alttiea rosea (L.) Cav.
(er. npu ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
CEM. CEHHHKOHBETHH AP1ACEAE (JMBELLIFERAE)
1. Cnnernxra cnrn, ronuecrn, saeno c onnnxara cnnno onnnn . . . ................. Honcxn
nerporon EevtcampestreL.
1*. Cnnernxra n onnnnnre nm nncruera ne ca onnnn.........2
2. unnxr n nnor noxpnrn c nmcnn, mnnuera nnn nnacnnxn ... 3
2*. unnxr n nnor ronn, rnaxn, pecrn nnn xpnnarn.......4
3. Ctnnernero or 3-5(6) rnannn nua, es onnnnn nncruera npn ocnonara nm. Hnor na npxa
c rono nocue........................
............. Manx asmanyx Anthriscus cereifolium (L.) Hoffm.
3*. Cnnernero or 10-50 rnannn nua, c onnnxa or nepecro nspxsann
nncruera. Hnor xnennen, es nocue.......................
......................... nn mopxon DaucuscarotaL.
4. Inannnre nun npn ocnonara cn c onnnxa, ccranena or mnoro nncruera (noneue or
4)...................................5
4*. Inannnre nun na cnnernero npn ocnonara cn es onnnxa or nncruera (pxxo c onnnxa,
ccranena or nxxonxo neenaxnn nncruera).....7.
5. uamxara na npxa c 5 suera........................
.................. Boen mopau Oenaniheaquatica(L.)Poir.
5*. uamxara na npxa es suera (nnn c nexcno saenexnmn suera).
. ..............................................6
(141)
6. Crnoro c uepnennxann nerna. B ocnonara na ncexn cennnx 3-6
nncruera, pasnonoxenn or enara crpana na cnnernero.............
........................ Fyunnnm Conium maculatum L.
6*. Crnoro es nerna. pxxnre na cennnnnre n ocnonara cn es onnnxa or
nncruera................. Knmnon Carutn carvi L.
7. Hncrnnre xnone no-mnpoxn or 1 cm nnn npnocnonnnre nncra nenx
nepecrn......................................8
7*. Hncrnnre xnone no-recnn or 0,5 cm nnn nncrara cnoxno nepecrn . . ........................
Hcxanue Aethusa cvnapium L.
8. Hnernnre pxxn npn ocnonara cn c onnnunna or nncruera......
.............. Hanunuena nnmxnxa Angelicapancicii Jandas
8*. Hneronere npn ocnonara cn es onnnunna or nncruera.......9
9. Hnotrcnnecxan orxm rpa, a no xpanmara xpnnar. Inannnre nun 30-50 . . . .
Hpemnenecrenncnn Heracleum verticilatum Panc
9*. Hnor orxm rpa nsyr, es xpnnna no xpanmara. Inannnre nun 4-15
........................................10
10. Hpnocnonnnre nncra npocro nepecrn, c xnennnn, nourn o ocnonara cn nasenn
nncruera ................................
......... Kamenonomxona epennna Pimpinella saxifraga L.
10*. onnnre nncra nepecro naceuenn, c rpnrnnn xnone, nasenn camo n ropnara cn uacr,
c no 4-5 suera, naony nenoxpann...........
..................... ..... Hennna Apium gmveolens L.
Honcxn ne1poron Ervngium campestre L.
Mnororonmno onnno rono pacrenne cc cnnno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 30-60 cm n
een nperenonnen xopen. Hpnocnonnnre nncra nrn n mnpoxn 15-30 cm, noxo nono
3-ennn, c nnsernamn xnone, onnno nasenn o napxsann, c pxxa, nra 10-20 cm;
cpennxr xn nono nnn rpono naceuen, c onnnn snn. Crnennre nncra npocro
nasenn, oxnamamn crnoro. Hneronere enn, cpann n cnrn rnannuxn, n ocnonara c
onnnunna or onnnn nnneno-nannernn nncruera, nourn 2 nrn no-nrn or rnannuxara.
Hnor ennnconnen, noxpnr c xcn mnnuera, pasnaam ce na ne nononnnxn (rano 57, ]nr.
3).
Cpema ce mnoro uecro no nacnma n cyxn rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn npes mnn n anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Eryngii). Hamnpa npnnoxenne n
n naponara mennnna.
Mansx asuanyx Anthriscus cereifolium (L.) Hoffm.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno napaseno crno, nncoxo o 70 cm, rono nnn
nn nsnnre c pasnepenn mexn nnacnnxn. Hncrara rpnrnno xnennnn, rpn nrn nepecrn
(xnonere or npnn n nropn nopxx na pxxn), c nepecro napxsann enuera, c pexn
nnacnnxn. Cnnernero cennnx c no 3-5(6) rnannn nua, es onnnxa. Hpn ocnonara na
nnernnre pxxn onnnunna or 1-4 nnnenn nncruera. Hneronere enn. uamxara nnncna. Ben-
uenncruerara nrn oxono 1 mm. Hnor nnneno nponronar, no-nr or 5 mm, na npxa c
nro o 4 mm mnnonnno crnue, noxpnro c xcn, nsnnrn narope rnpn uernnxn (rano 57,
]nr. 4).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra, xpacranann, no cnnypn n nnnan, onxnoneno xaro ypen. H]rn
ma mnn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(142)
Kauenonouxona epennna Plmpinella saxifraga L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nperenonnen xopen. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo 20-60
cm, nnnrxo napaseno, n onnara cn uacr rcro, n ropnara cnao nyxecro, pxxo rono.
Hpnocnonnnre nncra pasnonoxenn n poserxa, na nra pxxa, npocro nepecrn, c 3-7 noxn
npncenann nncruera nnn c xca pxxa, xnennnn, nasenn nourn o ocnonara cn;
cpennre crnenn nncra nourn nepecrn, c 3-ennn xnnnonnnn enuera, a na-ropnnre
rpnennn nnn c nourn neopasnnra nerypa, ccroxma ce or 1-3 penn nnmxonnnn nncruera,
npncenann na nponronarn nnnecrn nnarannma. Cnnernero cnoxen cennnx or 6-15 rnannn
nua, es onnnxa npn ocnonara cn. Hneronere enn, c 5 nenuenncruera, rcronnaxnecrn
orony. uamxara es snn. unnxr onen, c xco crnue. Hnor xnennen, orcrpann
cnnecxan, ron, nr 2-2,5 mm (rano 58, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce no cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n ns xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m
n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Pimpinellae), xoro ce nsxonana
pano npes nponerra. Hsnonsyna ce mnorocrpanno n n naponara mennnna.
Boen uopau Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, xyxo, napaseno crno,
nncoxo o 1,5 m, cnnno saeeneno n ocnonara cn, c nperenonnen, saeenen xopen. onnara
my uacr onxnoneno e no noara n e cc cxcenn mexynsnnx, c mnoroponn xopenuera no
nsnnre. Hncrara nrn 4-12 cm, mnpoxn o 8 cm, 3-4 nrn nepecro naenenn, ronn, c
pasnepenn nnnenn nnn nnmxonnnn enuera. Hneronere xepma]ponrnn, cpann n cnoxen
cennnx, c 5-15 nua, na nra pxxa, cpemynonoxnn na nncrara nnn nasnenn, es onnnunna
or nncruera, a npn ocnonara na ncexn cennnx nma onnnxa or nnnenn, saocrpenn nncruera.
Hnernnre pxxn nrn 24 mm. uamxara c 5 xcn (1-1,5 mm) sena; nenuero xno, 2,5-5 mm
n namerp, c 5 cnoonn nncruera. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen. Hnor nponronar, ron,
nr 4-5 mm, c rnxa pxxa. O1ponno! (rano 58, ]nr. 2).
Hs mouypnma n nara n nxnara crpana npenmno n nnsnnnre. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar yspennre nnouera (pora Fructus Phellandrii).
Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome 8 nna or rosn po, xonro nmar n cnnernxra cn xaxro xepma]ponrnn,
raxa n mxxn, rnunnxonn nnerone, a xopennre nm ca rnxn, camo nxxon or rxx c ronuecrn
naeenxnannx.
Ascxanue Aethusa cvnapium L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno xyxo crno, nncoxo o 2 m,
onxnoneno ennnuno, cnao napaseno. Hncrara nrn 815 cm, mnpoxn 4-14 cm, nono
nnn rpono nepecrn, c rpnrnnn nnn xnennnn, noxo napxsann nnn pasenenn recnn
xnone; onnnre nncra na pxxn, nrn o 5 cm, a ropnnre npncenann na pasmnpennre
nncrnn nnarannma. Cennnnnre c no 10-20 neenaxno nrn nua, es onnnxa nnn c onnnxa
or 1 -2 nncruera. Onnnunnara enocrpanna, c 3 nnnenn, pasnepenn nncruera. Hneronere
enn. Hnouerara ronn, cnnecxann. O1ponno!(rano 59, ]nr. 1).
(143)
Cpema ce xaro ypen n nnenen ns xpacranannre n nocennre n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn
anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Byunnnm Conium maculalum L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nenpnxrna mnpnsma, c xyxo rono
pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 2,5 m, c uepnennxann nerna. Hncrara ronn, mnpoxo rpnrnnn,
nrn 30-60 cm, mnpoxn 25-40 cm, c pxxa, rpono nepecrn, c xnennno-nannernn xnone c
nasenn nnn nspxsann enuera; cpennre n ropnnre mnoro no-penn, npncenann. Cnne-
rnxra cnoxnn cennnnn, or 10-20 rnannn nua c onnnxa or 3-6 xnennno-nannernn ronn
nncruera. B ocnonara na nneronere nma onnnunna or 3-6 nncruera, pasnonoxenn or enara
crpana na ctnnernero. Hneronere enn. Hnor ron, saxprnen, nr 2,5 mm. O1ponno!
(rano 58, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce ocra uecro xpa orpan, no cmernma n p. xaro ypen n nxnara crpana oxm 1000
m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar crpxonere (pora Herba Conii maculati) n nnoonere
(pora Fructus Conii maculati). Hma ronxmo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Hennna, xepnns Apium graveolens L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c een nperenonnen xopen n nsnpaneno, uecro xyxo,
cnnno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 1 m. Hncrara ronn, onnnre nepecro naceuenn, na nra
pxxa, saxprneno pomnunn, rpnennn, nasenn camo n ropnara uacr, ropnnre nncra nourn
npncenann, rponn nnn rpnennn. Cennnnnre mnoroponn, penn, npncenann nnn na
xca pxxa, c 4-12 rnannn nua, es onnnxa npn ocnonara na rnannnre nun. Hneronere
enesnnxanoenn, es onnnunna npn ocnonara nm. uamxara es snn. Hnor ron,
crpannuno cnnecxan, c nanxnn pepa, nr 1,5 mm (rano 59, ]nr. 2).
Hs nnaxnn n sanarenn mecra no xpapexnero na mopero, xpa ynan. Mapnna, Crpyma (n
Herpnuxo). H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar xopenr (pora Radix Apii) n nnoonere (pora
Fructus Apii). Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
Knunon Carum carvi L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro rono pacrenne c nperenonnen xopen. Crnoro
cnnno pasxnoneno, xyxo, nncoxo o 1,5 m. Hncrara 2-3 nrn nepecrn, nrn 6-15 cm, mnpoxn 2-
8 cm, c nannerno-nnnenn o nnnenn xnone, nrn 3-25 mm n mnpoxn 1 -1,5 mm;
npnocnonnnre nncra c nra pxxa, ropnnre npncenann, pasmnpenn npn ocnonara cn nn
nnarannma. Cnnerne-ro cnoxen cennnx c 5-16 neenaxnn rnannn nua, es onnnxa nnn c
onnnxa or 1-2 nncruera. Hneronere enn, pxxo posonn, es onnnunna npn ocnonara nm.
Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr onen. Hnor ron, nponronar, nr 4-5 mm, c nanxnn pepa,
npn yspxnanero cn ce pasenx na ne (rano 58, ]nr. 4).
Hs nnnan, ropcxn nonxnn n npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc n nxna Rrosanana Fnrapnx
n n 3anana n Cpena Crapa nnannna, 3anann n Cpenn Poonn. Pnna, Hnpnn oxm 1600 m
n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
(144)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnoonere (pora Fructus Carvi). Hsnonsyna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Hanunuena nnmnnxa Angelicapancicii Jandas
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c een nperenonnen xopen n xyxo, rono nnn n na-
ropnara cn uacr rcronyxecro crno, nncoxo o 2 m, nn nsnnre noyro, n ropnara cn uacr
pasxnoneno, omarononnonerono. Hncrara c xca pxxa (4-12 cm) n epn, cnnno noyrn
nnarannma (8-12 cm nrn n 5-8 cm mnpoxn), npocro o nono n rpono nepecr, c onanno
ennnrnunn, npncenann, nasenn xnone (8-14 cm nrn n 3-8 cm mnpoxn); na-ropnnre
nncrnn xnone nnsernamn no nncrnara pxxa. Hneronere enn, 15-18 mm n namerp,
cpann n cennnnn, ccranenn or mnoxecrno (40-80) rcro n xco nyxecrn nun, es onnnxa
or nncruera npn ocnonara nm. Hnernnre pxxn nrn 1,5-3,5 mm, n ocnonara cn c onnnunna
or 5-12 rpnrnno nannernn, saocrpenn nncruera. Hnor ron, mnpoxo xnennen, cnnecnar, c
3 nanxnn pepa n xpnnar p (rano 60, ]nr. 1).
Cpema ce no cenuecrn nnaxnn n xamennnnn mecra n xpa nnannncxn noronn na 800 m n. n.
H]rn npes mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopenr (pora Radix Angelicii PaniiIiii) n nnoonere
(Fructus Angelicii Paniicii). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Hpemnenec1 enncnn Heracleum verticillatum Panc
nyronmno o mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, nncoxo o 1,5 m, n ropnara cn uacr
npemnenonnno pasxnoneno, napaseno. Hncrara 10- 40 cm nrn n 5-25 cm mnpoxn, nepecrn,
c nepecro naenenn xnone, nnaxnecrn; onnnre nncra c pxxn, nrn o 20 cm, nocrenenno
namanxnamn narope n npxnnre o npncenann. Hneronere enn, 7-10 mm n namerp,
nepn]epnnre no-epn, cpann n cnoxnn cennnnn, c 15-50 rnannn nua, es onnnxa.
Hnoonere oparno-xnennnn, cnnecnarn, 8-11 mm nrn, ronn, no pa nnnecro xpnnarn
(rano 60, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn n cenuecrn mecra, nourn nsxnmunrenno xpa nnannncxnre noronn. Cpema ce n
Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna, Bnroma, Pnna, Cpenn n 3anann Poonn, Hnpnn,
Cnanxnxa, Fenacnna n Ocoroncxa nnannna, mexy 1000 n 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
nn uopxon Daucus carota L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno pacrenne c mececr nperenonnen xopen n nsnpaneno
napaseno crno, nncoxo o 1,5 m, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnoneno, c pasnepenn nnacnnxn o
rono. Hncrara 2-4 nrn nepecrn, c nponronarn, nasenn o nspxsann nncruera, c pasnepenn
nnacnnxn. Cnnernxra cnoxen cennnx or 10-15 rnannn nua, ronn n pxxo pecnnuecrn c
onnnxa or nepecro napxsann nncruera. B ocnonara na orennnre cennnnn 2-3 nenn, no-pxxo
2-3-ennn nncruera. Hneronere enn, pxxo cnao xnrennxann, xpannre no-epn. Hnor
nr 3-4 mm, c nrn xopann uernnxn (rano 59, ]nr. 3).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, xpa nrnma, crpan, ns nocenn n oxonnn xynrypn n nxnara crpana
oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
(145)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cnexo nsxonannxr xopen (pora Radix Carotae
recens) n nnoonere (pora Fructus Carotae recens). Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Hapasnrno pacrenne es senenn nncra. Crnoro nnmxonnno, ynnnamo ce. Hneronere
cpann n manxn ronuecrn cnnernx ............
......... Enponecxa xyxynnua npexa CuscutaeuropaeaL.
1*. Pacrennx cc senenn nncra........................2
2. Benuenncruerara 5, enesnnxann, o ocnonara cn cnoonn ......
.............. Kprnonncrna mypana Pvrola rotundifolia L.
2*. Benuenncruerara n onnara uacr noneue nnn no-manxo cpacnann n opasynar rpnna nnn
nourn ne ca cpacnann, no rorana ca pnera c 4 nenuenncruera (xcen)....................................3
3. unnxr onen nnn nonyonen.................... . 4
3*. unnxr ropen............................. . 9
4. Hneronere cpann n xomnnuxn n oxpxenn c oma onnnxa or na-ropnnre nncra.
uamxara nnncna. Tnunnxnre 5, cpacnann c npamnnnnre cn . . ...................... Cem.Cnoxno
nnernn Asteraceae
4*. Cnnernxra or pyr rnn mnronnnn, mernnuecrn n p.......5
5. Hncrara pasnonoxenn n npemnenn no 6-9.................
.......................... Cem.Fpomonn Rubiaceae
5*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn nnn nocneonarennn.............6
6. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn..........................7
6*. Hncrara nocneonarennn.........................8
7. Tnunnxnre 5. Xpacrn nnn pnuera, pxxo rpenncrn pacrennx.....
.......................... Cem.Fsonn Caprifoliaceae
7*. Tnunnxnre 3. Tpenncrn pacrennx .....................
................. Heuena nnxnxa Jaleriana officinalis L.
8. Tnunnxnre 8-10. Xpacruera ... Cem.Hnpenonn Ericaceae
8*. Tnunnxnre 5. Tpenncrn pacrennx .....................
........... Onxnonen ycrpen JincetoxicumhirundinariaMed.
9. unnxr nnmno pasenen na 4 uacrn, xaro nnor ce pasnaa na 4
opexuera.......................................10
9*. unnxr nxn...............................11
10. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nenuero npannnno, rnunnxnre 5.......
.................... Hrnuenpoco Lithospermum arvense L.
10*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nenuero nenpannnno, nyycrno. Tnunnxnre 4......................
Cem.Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae
11. pno cc cpemynonoxnn neun]ronepecrn nncra. Tnunnxnre 2. ... ..........................
Mxpxn Fraxinus ornusL.
11*. Tpenncrn pacrennx............................12
12. Tnunnxnre 4, or xonro nere nonxxora ca es npamnnnn........
........................ Cnpornna Gratiola officinalis L.
12*. Tnunnxnre 5, ncnuxn c ope pasnnrn npamnnnn..........13
13. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, rpnennn, nnanamn n c nra pxxa . . . . ......................
Iopunnue Menvanthes trifoliata L.
13*. Hncrara nocneonarennn........................14
14. Pacrennx c ynnnno nnn nonernano crno..................
..................... Cem.Honernnonn Convohulaceae
14*. Crnoro nsnpaneno..... Cem.Kapro]onn Solanaceae
(146)
CEM. MYPABEHH FYROLACEAE
Kpsrnonnc1na uypana Pvrola rotundifolia L.
Mnororonmno rono pacrenne c nnsxmo xopennme n nenn npesnmynamn npnocnonnn nncra,
xprnn o onannn, nrn 3-6 cm, mnpoxn 3-5 cm, nasenn o nourn nenoxpann, na pxxa,
nra 3-7 cm. Hneronere cpann n xnaconnno cnnerne na npxa na esnncren crpx, nncox
10-15 cm, apomarnn (mnpnsma na momnna cnsa), 10-15 na po, c pxxa, nra 4-8 mm, c
nnnecr npnnnernnx npn ocnonara . uamxara nourn o ocnonara cn 5-enna, nra 2-4 mm, c
nnneno-nannernn saocrpenn xnone. Benuero c 5 o ocnonara cn cnoonn nncruera,
snnuennno, c 5-8 mm nrn, oparno xnennnn enesnnxann n pasnepenn, nourn nono no-
nrn or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 8-10. unnxr ropen, c eno 5-enno crtnue na npxa cn.
Hnor ronuecra xyrnxa (rano 61, ]nr. 1).
Hs cenuecrnre nrnonncrnn ropn na Bnroma mexy 1200 n 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn anrycr,
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Pyrolae).
3aoe.erra. Ce+. Hupeuoeu Ericaceae. Me:o eposoe - Araosraphvlos uva-ursi Spreng.
Bopoeuuru Jaccinium. (er. npu ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
CEM. MACAHHOBH OLEACEAE
Msapnn Fraxinus ornus L.
pno c rnaxa xopa, nncoxo o 20 m. Mnanre nnxn cnernoxa]xnn nnn cpepnocnnn, cnrno
nnaxnecrn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, neun]ronepecrn, nrn 15-20 cm, c 5-11 cnnno napnpamn
no ]opma nncruera, na-uecro saocrpeno ennnrnunn nnn xnennno-nannernn, nrn 4-10 cm,
mnpoxn 2-4 cm, cnrno nasenn, c xca pxunna; omara nncrna pxxa nra 5-15 cm.
Hneronere cpann n mnoronnernn mernnuecrn cnnernx, xonro ce noxnxnar no npxonere na
xnonxnre cne pasnnrnero na nncrara. Hneronere c uamxa n nenue; uamxara ce sanasna cne
yspxnanero na nnoa nn nn na 4 suera. pasnonoxenn npn ocnonara my. Benuenncruerara 4,
nourn necpacnann, xpemanoenesnnxann, nrn 5-6 mm, recnonnnenn, nxxonxo nrn no-nrn
or uamxara. Tnunnxnre onxnoneno 2. unnxr ropen, c nro crnue. Hnor
enocemenno opexue cc cnnno pasnnra xpnnarxa, nra 2-3 cm, mnpoxa 4-6 mm, na npxa rna
nnn npxsana (rano 59, ]nr. 4).
Hs cmecenn mnpoxonncrnn ropn, xpacranann n no cyxnre xamennnnn mecra oxm 1400 m n. n.
H]rn npes anpnn n ma.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna oenenara pano nanponer n nscymena xopa (pora
Cortex Fraxini). Hpnnara ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Ce+. Iop:ue:eeu Menvanthaceae. Iop:ue:e Menvtinthes trifoliala L. (er. npu
ou.ru c :epeeuu u posoeu eemoee).
(147)
CEM. YCTPEAOBH ASCLEPIADACEAE
Onxnonen yc1pen Jincetoxicum hirundinaria Med. (Cvnanchum vinceto-xicum Pers.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno rnxo crno, nncoxo o 1 m, xm ropnnx xpa
xocmaro camo no ne cpemynonoxnn nanxnn nnnnn, pxxo rono. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
onnnre xnennnn, ropnnre nannernn, nrn 6-10 cm, mnpoxn 3-5 cm, nenoxpann, no pa
xco pecnnuecrn, na xca pxxa (5-10 mm). Hneronere no 1-2 n nasnnre na nncrara, enn, na
pxxa, nra 1-4 cm. uamxara 5-enna, cc saocrpenn xnone. Benuero ncxonnno, 8-10 mm
n namerp, noxo 5-enno, pasnepeno. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen, c ne crnuera,
cpacnann xm npxa cn n eno nnsanne. Hnor mnorocemenna xyrnxa, nra 5-6 cm.
O1ponno!(rano 60, ]nr. 3).
Hs pexn ropn, xpacranann n nonxnn n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nosemnara uacr (pora Rhizoma Cynanchi).
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. KYKYBHHOHPEOBH CUSCUTACEAB
Enponencxa xyxynnua npeaa Cuscuta europaea L.
Hapasnrno enoronmno esnncrno pacrenne c ynnnno, eeno xaro xanan (o 2,5 mm),
uepnennxano rono crno. Hneronere nrn 2-3 mm, cpann n pexann xnecrn cnnernx c
namerp o 1,5 cm. uamxara oparno xonnu-na, nra o 3 mm, xnrennxana nnn xa]xna,
noxo pasceuena na 4-5 xna. Benuero rpecro, no-nro or uamxara, xno, xno-posono o
xnro, nro 2,5-5,0 mm, c xca pxunna, noxo 4-5-enno, npn ycrnero na neneunara
rpnna c nenn nyennn nmcnn. unnxr ropen, c 1-2 crnuera. Tnunnxnre 5. Hnor
xyrnxa (rano 60, ]nr. 4).
Hapasnrnpa no pasnnunn rpenncrn pacrennx. Cpema ce n nxna Fnrapnx nourn o 2000 m n. n.
H]rn ma oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna cpanara no npeme na n]rexa nasemna uacr (pora
Herba Cuscutae). Hpnnara ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HOBETHHOBH CONJOLJULACEAE
1. Hpnnnernnnnre mnpoxo xnennnn nnn mnpoxo cpnennnn, npnnoxpnnamn nourn nsnxno
uamxara ...........................
.......... Onxnoneno uapue Calvstegiaseptum (L.) R. Br.
1*. Hpnnnernnnnre recnonnnenn, penn, oraneuenn or uamxara . . . .............
Onxnonena nonernna ConvolvulusarvensisL.
Onxnoneno uaspue Calvstegia septum (L.) R. Br.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo xopennme n nro, ynnnno, rono nnn nnaxnecro
crno, nro o 2-3 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, na
(148)
nra pxxa (3-5 cm), npocrn, pexonnnn o rpnrnno xnennnn, nrn 5-10 cm n
nourn ronxona mnpoxn, nenoxpann nnn cnao n pxxo nasenn, ronn. Hneronere no enn n
nasnnre na nncrara, na pxxa, no-nra or nncrnara pxxa, enn, nonxxora c uepnenn nerna,
]ynnennnn, nrn 3,5-6 cm. uamxara xca, c 5 sena n npn ocnonara cn noxpnra c na epn,
mnpoxo xnennnn npnnnernnxa, nrn 1,5-3 cm. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Hnor rona
xyrnxa (rano 61, ]nr. 2).
B nxnara crpana ns xpacranann n ropn, n cenuecrn n nnaxnn mecra na-neue n nnsnnnre n
npennannnnre. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna xopennmero (pora Radix Calystegiae).
Onxnonena none1nna Convolvulus arvensis L.
Mnororonmno ynnnno nnn nonernano rpenncro pacrenne cc crno, nro o 2 m. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, nenn, nenoxpann nnn cnao nasenn, nponronaro xnennnn o
nannernn, nrn o 5 cm, mnpoxn o 4 cm, n ocnonara xonnennnn nnn crpenonnnn,
onxnoneno ronn, na nra pxxa. Hneronere no 1-2 n nasnnre na nncrara, na nra pxxa,
npn ocnonara cn c na manxn nnnenn npnnnernnxa. uamxara snnuennna, c 5 sena.
Benuero ]ynnennno, xno nnn posono, c 5 no-rmnn xnnxn, nro 1,5-3 cm. Tnunnxnre 5.
unnxr ropen. Hnor nourn c]epnuna pasnyxnnna xyrnxa (rano 61, ]nr. 3).
Cpema ce xaro nnenen n ypen no rpenncrn mecra, nsxonn, opaorenn mecra n p. n nxnara
crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn ma oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnoro n]rxmo pacrenne (pora Herba Convolvuli).
Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. IPAHABOAHCTHH BORAOINACEAE
H1nue npoco Lithospermum arvense L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nperenonnen xopen n nsnpaneno, npocro nnn xm npxa
pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 40 cm, uernnecro nnaxnecro. Hncrara nocneonarennn,
npnnernano uernnecrn, onnnre nponronaro xnennnn, crecnenn n pxxa, rnn, nrn o
4 cm, mnpoxn o 8 mm, ropnnre nannernn, npncenann, saocrpenn, nenoxpann. Hneronere c
xca pxxa, cpann n onncrenn, cnnpanonnnn, rcrn cnnernx. uamxara noxo 5-
enna, cc saocrpenn, rcro uernnecrn snn. Benuero xno, nro 4-6 mm, npannnno, noxpnro
c nnacnnxn, neneunara rpnna ornrpe c 5 nanxnn pennn or nnacnnxn. Tnunnxnre 5, c
mnoro xca pxxa. unnxr ropen, 4-enen. Hnor xnennno opexue, nro o 3 mm
(rano 61, ]nr. 4).
Hs nocenn n rpenncrn mecra ocra uecro xaro pyepanno pacrenne n nxnara crpana oxm 1100
m n. n. H]rn mapr mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar crpxonere (pora Hera Lithospermi), xopenr
(pora Radix Lithospermi) n cemenara (Semen Lithospermi). Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n
naponara mennnna.
(149)
CEM. YCTHOHBETHH - LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
1. Benuero xcno nyycrno...........................2
1*. Benuero c ena ycrna onna, ropnara nnncna .............
.....,............... Fxno nonue Teucrium polium L.
2. Tnunnxnre nannno cxpnrn n rpnnara na nenuero...........
............... Onxnonen nuennnox Marront vulgareL.
2*. Tnunnxnre crpuar nann or rpnnara na nenuero..........3
3. uamxara xcno nyycrna onnara ycrna c ne, ropnara c rpn sena . ........................
Marounna Melissa officinalisL.
3*. uamxara ne e nyycrna...........................4
4. onnara ycrna c ronxm oparno cpnennen cpeen xn n cnao pasnnrn nn nn na rnxn
suera crpannunn xnone.................
................. Fxna mprna xonpnna LamiumalbumL.
4*. onnara ycrna c pyra ]opma........................
............... Onxnonena xoua nnxa NepetacatariaL.
Bnno nosnue Teucrium polium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, nourn nonyxpacrue, cc cnnno pasxnonenn enonnnecrn,
nexamn nnn npnnonnramn ce crna, nncoxn o 40 cm, n ropnara cn uacr mernnuecro
pasxnonenn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, npncenann, nponronarn o nnnenn, xm ocnonara
xnnnonnno crecnenn, nrn o 3 cm, mnpoxn o 6 mm, nnnonnno nasenn c nonnr p,
enonnnecrn, ocoeno or onnara crpana. Hneronere cpann n npocrn nnn cnoxnn, xnecrn
nnn xnennnn rnannuxn no npxonere na xnonxnre, nrn 5-8 mm, nourn npncenann,
enonnnecrn. uamxara rpecra nnn snnuennna, c 10 xnnxn n 5 sena. Benuero xno nnn
xnrennxanoxno, manxo no-nro or uamxara. Cpennxr xn na onnara ycrna ronxm,
crpannunnre nn nn na snn. Tnunnxnre 4, ena noanamn ce or nenuero. unnxr ropen.
Hnor ce pasnaa na 4 opexuera (rano 62, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n npnneunn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 900 m n.n. H]rn ma
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Teucrii poll).
Vnorpexna -ce n n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonen nuennnox Marrubnm vulgare L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c ropunn nxyc n nenpnxrna mnpnsma. Crnoro or
ocnonara pasxnoneno, uernpnpecro, nsnpaneno, nncoxo 20-60 cm, enonnnecro. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, saxprnenn n saxprneno xnennnn o mnpoxo ennnrnunn, nrn 2-4 cm,
orrope rmnosenenn, orony enonnnecrn, no pa nepannomepno epo nasenn, onnnre c
pxxa, nra 1-3 cm, ropnnre nocrenenno crecnenn n xca mnpoxa pxxa. Hneronere
cpann no mnoro (20-50) n nnrnn xnecrn npemnenn, onxnoneno 6-8 na po. uamxara
rpecra, c 10 enaxnn, mnnonnnn n na npxa cn xyxecro sannrn snn, nnnecra. Benuero 5-
nncrno, xno, cpacnano, nyycrno ropnara ycrna rxcna n npana, nourn nnocxa, na npxa
nyenna, onnara rpn-enna, c no-mnpox cpeen xn; rpnnara na nenuero cxpnra n
uamxara. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyx, pasnaam ce na 4 opexuera (rano 61,
]nr. 5).
Ho rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
(150)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Marrubii), xoxro
ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Bnna usp1na xonpnna Lamium album L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nro nnsxmo xopennme. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
uernpnpecro, nncoxo o 80 cm, xyxo, pxxo nnaxnecro. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, na xpcr no
nsnnre, cpnennno-onannn, nrn 3-12 cm, mnpoxn 1-5 cm, saocrpenn, pexonnaxnecrn,
nasenn; onnnre c nra pxxa (1,5-3 cm), ropnnre nourn npncenann. Hneronere
pasnonoxenn no 6-8 n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra. uamxara snnuennna, nra 9-15 mm, n
ropnnx cn xpa 5-enna, c 5 xnnxn n c 5 nourn enaxnn sena. Benuero nro 2-2,5 cm, xno,
5-enno, nyycrno, cpacnano n xonenuecro nsnnra rpnna, nourn 3 nrn no-nro or
uamxara, cc cnnno nnaxnecra ropna ycrna, mnemonnno nsyra, a onnara cpnennna;
neneunara rpnna c xoco pasnonoxen ornrpe npcren or nnacnnxn. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr
ropen. Hnor cyx, pasnaam ce na 4 opexuera.
Cpema ce pxxo xpa orpan n no ypenxcann mecra n Rrosanana Fnrapnx. H]rn anpnn
mnn (rano 62, ]nr. 2).
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cymennre nnerone es uamxara (pora Flores Lamii
albi) n nncrara (pora Folia Lamii albi). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonena xoua nnxa Nepeta cataria L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mnoroponn nsnpanenn, pasxnonenn uernpnpecrn
crna, nncoxn 40-100 cm. Hxnoro pacrenne cnnonnaxnecro. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, ropnnre
nponronarn, n ocnonara cn cpnennnn, saocrpenn, nrn 2-8 cm, mnpoxn 2-4 cm, c xca
nncrna pxxa, nra 0,5-4 cm. Hneronere c pxxa, nra 7-9 mm, pasnonoxenn n npemnenn n
nasnnre na ropnnre nncra, xaro opasynar xnaconnnn cnnernx c nnnenn, saocrpenn
npnnnernann, nrn 1,5-3 mm. uamxara rpecra, manxo nsnnra n noneraro orpxsana, c 15
xnnxn, nra 5,5-7,5 mm, cc saocrpenn snn. Benuero nro 810 mm, xno nnn xno-
posono, onnara ycrna c uepnennxann nerna, rpnenna, a ropnara cnao nnnara. Tnunnxnre
4, pasnonoxenn no ropnara ycrna. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara ennnrnunn, nrn oxono 1,5
mm, ronn n rnaxn, 4 na po (rano 62, ]nr. 3).
Ho ypenxcann n xamennnnn mecra, xpa nrnma n orpan n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Nepetae catariae). Hma
mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Ma1ounna Melissa officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, uernpnpecro, rcro pasxnoneno crno,
nncoxo o 1,5 m, c xapaxrepna nnmonena mnpnsma, noxpnro c npocrn n xnesncrn nnacnnxn.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, xnennnn, nrn 2-9 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-5 cm, nourn ronn, onnnre c
nra pxxa, cc cpnennna ocnona, rno nasenn; ropnnre nponronarn, c xnnnonnna
ocnona n xca pxxa. Hneronere cpann no 4-12 n npemnenn n nasnnre na
(151)
ropnnre nncra, na pxxa, nra 3-6 mm. Hpnnnernnnnre xnennno-nan-nernn, nrn 0,5-1
cm, crecnenn n pxxa. uamxara snnuennna, nyycrna, c 13 xnnxn, nra 7-8 mm, oxocmena.
Benuero enesnnxano o nsposono, nro 8-15 mm, c nsnnra n cpeara neneuna rpnna,
nourn rono, nyycrno; ropnara ycrna npxsana, onnara rpnenna. Tnunnxnre 4, ne or xonro ca
no-nrn. unnxr ropen. Hnor ce pasnaa na 4 cyxn opexuera, nrn 1,5-2 mm (rano 62,
]nr. 4).
Ho xamennnnn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar npxnnre uacrn na crnoro saeno c nncrara
(pora Herba Melissae), xonro ce cnpar nenocpecrneno npen n]rexa xm cpeara na
mnn, nnn camo nncrara (pora Folia Melissae). Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
CEM. KAPTOmOBH SOLANACEAE
1. Hneronere ]ynnennnn, epn, nrn 5-10 cm. Hnor onnna xyrnxa, nra 4-6
cm.....................................
.......................... Taryn Datura stramonium L.
1*. Hneronere mnoro no-manxn n ncxonnno pasnepenn. Hnor uepna counaxroa............
Kyuemxo rpose Solatium nigrum L.
Kyuemxo rpose Solanum nigrum L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, pasxnoneno, pecro, rono nnn cnao oxocmeno
crno, nncoxo 20-70 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, Bnpoxo xnennnn o pomnunn,
saocrpenn, uecro c nnnonnen p, nrn o 10 cm, mnpoxn o 6 cm, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn,
crecnenn n pxxa. Hneronere cpann no nxxonxo (5-10) n nsnnrn naony pexann
nonycennnnn. uamxara 5-nncrna, pena (1-2,5 mm), na npxa c 5 sena. Benuero xno, c 5
nncruera, o cpeara cn cpacnano n rpnna, a n ropnara cn uacr ncxonnno pasnepeno, 8-14
mm n namerp. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Hnor uepna, pxxo opanxeno-uepnena
mececra xroa. O1ponno!(rano 62, ]nr. 5).
Ho rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar npxnnre mnan xnonxn saeno c nncrara (pora
Herba Solani nigri). Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Ta1yn Datura stramonium L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nenpnxrna mnpnsma n nsnpaneno, pasxnoneno, onxnoneno
rono crno, nncoxo o 2 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nrn o 20 cm, mnpoxn o 15 cm,
xnennnn, saocrpenn, na nra pxxa n c epo nenpannnno nspxsann xnone. Hneronere no
enn n nasnnre na nncrara, na pxxa, nra 5-12 mm. uamxara nn nn na rpnna, nra 3-5
cm, na npxa cn c 5 rpnrnnn sena. Benuero xno, epo, ]ynnennno, na npxa c 5
saocrpenn xna. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Hnor mnorocemenna epa, onnna xyrnxa.
Cnnno o1ponno! (rano 63, ]nr. 1).
Ho rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
(152)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nncrara (pora Folia Stramoni), xonro ce cnpar no
npeme na n]rexa 2-3 nrn npes ronnara (or mnn o cenremnpn) n no nsmoxnocr c no-xcn
pxxn.
CEM. HBEHHHEBH SCROPHJLARIACEAE
Cnpo1nna Gratiola officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmn xopennma, noxpnrn c me-cecrn nmcnn.
Crnoro nsnpaneno nnn npnnonnramo ce, nncoxo 20-80 cm, rono, xyxo, n ropnara cn uacr
pasxnoneno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nannernn, npncenann n nonyoxnamamn crnoro,
nrn 3-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1 cm, n ocnonara nenoxpann, n ropnara cn uacr nasenn, ronn.
Hneronere ennnunn, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara, na nra pxxa, n ocnonara cn c no 2
npnnnernnxa. uamxara o ocnonara cn 5-enna, c nnneno-nannernn xnone. Benuero xno o
posono, nro 15-20 mm, c mnpoxa n nra rpnna n nypasenna, nourn nyycrna xoponxa.
Pasnnrn rnunnxn ne. unnxr ropen. Hnor nponronara, pasnyxnama ce no 4-re mena
xyrnxa. O1ponno! (rano 63, ]nr. 2).
Ho nnaxnn nnnan n xpa mouypnma n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Gratiolae), xoxro
ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BPOmOBH RUBIACEAE
Enmnue, nenxa Galium L.
1. Mnororonmno pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rnaxo, nepasxnoneno crno.
Cnnernero mnronnno, pasnonoxeno na npxa na crnoro..........
............... Mnpnsnnno entonue G. odoratum(L.)Scop.
1*. Enoronmno pacrenne c nexamo nnn xarepnnno, rpanano, pasxnoneno crno. Hneronere
cpann n cennnxonnnn cnnernx, npxnn n nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara...............
Henxa G. aparine L.
Mnpnsnnno entonue Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. (Asperula odorata L.)
Pacrenne c rnxo nnsxmo xopennme n npano, uernpnpecro, npn npemnennre oxocmeno,
nourn nepasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 50 cm. Hncrara npemnenecro pasnonoxenn, ropnnre no
8, onnnre no 6, oparno nannernn, nrn 2-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1,5 cm, ronn, no pa rpanann,
xa npxa c mnn-ue. Cnnernxra npxnn, mnronnnn, c no 3 xnonxn. Hneronere c pxxa,
nra 1-3 mm, xoxro npn nnoonere ce ynxana o 3-10 mm. Benuero xno, ]ynnennno, 3-7
mm n namerp, c 4 xna. uamxara ne e pasnnra. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr onen. Hnor cyx,
pasnyxnam ce na ne nononnnxn, no nonpxnocrra cc saxpnnenn xyxnuxn (rano 63, ]nr. 3).
Hs cenuecrn ropn n npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc mexy 600 n 1800 m n. n. H]rn npes
anpnn n ma.
(153)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Asperulae), xoxro ce
cnpa npen n]rexa. Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Aenxa Galium aparine L.
Tpenncro pacrenne c nonernano uernpnpecro crno, ocrnramo o 1,5 m nxnna, no
ponere c ocrpn, sannrn nasa uernnxn. Hncrara oparno nannernn, no 6-9 n npemnen, nrn
3-6 cm, mnpoxn 3-8 mm, rpanann, orony cc cnnxann uernnxn. Hneronere enn, cpann n
cennnxonnnn cnnernx, nsnnsamn or nasnnre na nncrara. uamxara neopasnnra. Benuero
ncxonnno, nourn es rpnna, 1,5-1,7 mm n namerp. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr onen.
Hnor cyx, pasnaam ce na na xna, c xyxecro nsnnrn uernnxn (rano 63, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann, nocenn, xpa nrnma, xaro pyepanno pacrenne n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m
n. n. H]rn ma cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna n]rxmara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Galii
aparinae). Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BT3OBH CAPRIFOLIACEAE
1. Hncrara npocrn, napxsann na rpn xna...................
.............. Kapron, uepnena xannna Jiburnum opulusL.
1*. Hncrara cnoxno nepecrn..........................2
2. Tpenncro pacrenne. Hncrara onxnoneno c 5 nncruera, c nannerno mn-nonnnn
npnnncrnnnn......... Tpenncr s Sambucus ebulus L.
2*. Xpacr nnn manxo pnue. Hncrara onxnoneno c 5-7 nncruera, es npnnncrnnnn................
uepen s Sambucus nigra L.
Tpennc1 ss Sambucus ebulus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo xopennme n nsnpaneno, rono, napaseno
crno, nncoxo o 2 m. Hncrara rexonepecrn, c xnennnn o xnennno nannernn, ronn nnn
oxocmenn nncruera, nrn 5-16 cm, mnpoxn 1,0-4,5 cm, saocrpenn, cnrno nasenn. Hneronere
c nenpnxrna mnpnsma, cpann nn npxna nnocxa mnronnna mernnna, mnpoxa 5-16 cm, c 3
rnannn nua. uamxara c 5 sena. Benuero xno, ornn uepnennxano, mnpoxo 6-8 mm, 5-enno.
Tnunnxnre 5, c uepnennxann npamnnnn. unnxr onen, c npncenano nnsanne. Hnor
xroonnen, mececr, uepen, nr oxono 4 mm (rano 64, ]nr. 1).
Ho nycreemn ypenxcann mecra, xpa nrnma n p. n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n.
H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnoonere (pora Fructus Ebuli), xopenr (pora
Radix Ebuli) n nneronere (pora Flores Ebuli). Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
Hepen ss, cnnpuonnna Sambucus nigra L.
Xpacr nnn nncxo pnue, nncoxo o 10 m, cc cnno-xa]xnn xnonxn, cc cnernn nemanxn no
rxx. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nrn o 35 cm, neun]rone-
(154)
pecrn, c nponronarn o ennnrnunn, nro saocrpenn, nasenn, cnao oxocmenn nncruera,
nrn 4-12 cm n mnpoxn 2-6 cm. Hneronere cpann no npxonere na xnonxnre n cnoxno
mnronnno cnnerne, o 30 cm n namerp, c 5 rnannn nua, cne npen]rxnanero ynncnano.
uamxara c 5 sena. Benuero xno, 6-9 mm n namerp, 5-enno. Tnunnxnre 5, c epn xnrn
npamnnnn. unnxr onen c 3 npncenann nnsanna. Hnor uepno-nnonerona mececra
xroa, nra oxono 4 mm (rano 64, ]nr. 2).
Hs xpacranann, ropn n nacenenn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn npes ma n
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar na-uecro nneronere (pora Flores Sambuci), a no-
pxxo nnoonere (pora Fructus Sambuci) n xopenr (pora Radix Sambuci). Hneronere ce
epar npen nnnoro nm pasn]rxnane, a nnoonere cne nnnoro nm yspxnane. Hsnonsyna
ce n xopara na crnoro. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Kap1on, uepnena xannna Jiburnum opulus L.
Cnnno pasxnonen xpacr nnn nncxo pnue, nncoxo o 4 m. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, n omoro
cn ouepranne mnpoxo xnennnn o saxprnenn, nrn n mnpoxn 5-12 cm, nanennno
nspxsann na 3, pxxo na 5 xna, epo nasenn, orrope ronn, orony nnaxnecrn; nncrnara
pxxa nra 1-3 cm, npn ocnonara cn c na nnmxonnnn npnnncrnnxa, a na npxa c ne
npncenann xnesn. Hneronere enn, cpann n nnocxn mnronnnn cnnernx no npxonere na
xnonxnre, c namerp 4-11 cm. uamxara c 5 sanasnamn ce suera. Benuero 5-enno. Ha-
nnmnnre nnerone esnnonn, c nnocxo nenue, 15-20 mm n namerp, nxxonxo nrn no-epn or
nrpemnnre, xonro ca 4-7 mm n namerp, snnuennnn, nnonn. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr
onen, c xco crnue n 3-enno nnsanne. Hnor xnecr, 8-10 mm n namerp, mececr, c
uepnen nnxr n ena xocrnnxa (rano 64, ]nr. 3).
Hs ropn n xpacranann rnanno n nnannnnre nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn npes ma n mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cpannre pano npes nponerra n nscymenn xopn or
mnan xnonxn (pora Cortex Viburni). Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HARHKOBH JALERIANACEAE
Aeuena nnnnxa Jaleriana officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco neprnxanno xopennme n cc cnonuecrn saeenenn
xopenn. Crnoro nsnpaneno, napaseno, xyxo, rono nnn n onnara cn uacr oxocmeno, nncoxo
o 2 m. Hncrara nepecrn, c 3-25 noxn nnneno-nannernn nnn nnnenn, nenoxpann nnn
nasenn xnone; na-onnnre nncra c nra, cpennre c xca pxxa, a npxnnre
npncenann. Cnnernero ronxmo, pasxnoneno, mnronnno. 3nnre na uamxara no npeme na
n]rexa nepasnnrn, sannrn nanrpe, no npn nnoonere ce paspacrnar n pasnepena, nepecra
xnpunnxa. Benuero xno, pxxo posono, rpecro-]ynnennno, c 5 pasnepenn xna n npn
ocnonara na rpnnara c xyx nspacrx. Tnunnxnre 3. Hnor enornesen, cyx (rano 65, ]nr.
1).
Ho nnaxnn n cenuecrn mecra ns xpacranann n p. nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
(155)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopennre saeno c xopennmara (pora Radix
Valerianae, Rhizoma cum radicibus Valerianae), xonro ce nsxonanar cne yspxnanero na
nnoonere (anrycr-cenremnpn). Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. CAOHOHBETHH - ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
1. Hneronocnnre crna ce pasnnnar pano nanponer npen npnocnonnn-re n ca noxpnrn cc
senennxann nnn enesnnxann nmcnn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra epn (o 60 cm mnpoxn),
cpnennnn, nasenn ................
........... Onuapxa Petasiteshvbridus(L.)Gdert., Meveret Schreb.
1*. Crnara ce pasnnnar cne npnocnonnnre nncra, snaunrenno no-penn n onxnoneno c
pyra ]opma..........................2
2. Komnnuxnre c nepn]epnn esnuecrn nnerone, oarpenn xno n c xnrn nrpemnn rpecrn
nnerone............................3
2*. Bcnuxn nnerone n xomnnuxnre enaxno oarpenn nnn ncnuxn nnerone
rpecrn........................................4
3. Bcnuxn nncra npnocnonnn n nenn. Hneronocnnxr crpx na npxa cn camo c ena
xomnnuxa............. Hapnuxa Bellisperennis L.
3*. Hncrara crnenn, nono o rpono nepecro nspxsann. Komnnuxnre
mnoroponn no npxonere na pasxnonennxra...................
...................... Haxyuxa Matricaria chamomilla L.
4. Hnoonere es xnpunnxa. Hncrara nono o rpono nepecro nspxsann c nnneno-
nannernn enuera...........................
...................... Fxnpannen Achillea millefolium L.
4*. Hnoonere c xnpunnxa. Hncrara nenn. Onnnnnre nncruera na xomnnuxnre enn nnn
posonn..............................
............ Bnromxn eennac Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn.
Hapnuxa Bellis perennis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne es nasemno crno, c xco xopennme. Hncrara
nonaronnnn, cpann n npnocnonna poserxa, nrn o 6 cm, mnpoxn o 3 cm, crecnenn n
xpnnara pxxa, rnn, oxocmenn, c ena xnnxa, nasenn nnn nenoxpann. Or poserxara
nsnnsa nneronocnnxr crpx, nncox o 15-20 cm, c ena xomnnuxa, or 1 o 3 cm n namerp.
Omoro nnerno nerno nsnxnano. Onnnnnre nncruera nrn 3-7 mm, nponronarn, rnn.
Kpannre nnerone enn, xencxn, esnuecrn, nrn 4-11 mm, pxxo nsposonn, cpennre
rpecrn, xnrn, nynononn. Hnoonere cnnecxann, nrn 1-1,5 mm, nnaxnecrn, es xnpunnxa
(rano 64, ]nr. 4).
Ho rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nnernnre xomnnuxn (pora Flores Bellidis perennis).
Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Bn1omxn eennanc Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, enonnnecro crno, nncoxo 7-30 cm n c
onncrenn nxopenxnamn ce nsnxn. Hncrara enonnnecrn, npnocnonnnre nonaronnnn,
nocrenenno crecnenn n xpnnara pxxa, nrn o 4 cm n mnpoxn o 8 mm, crnennre
nnnenn, npncenann. Kom-
(156)
nnuxnre penn, 2-10 mm n namerp, c nnocxo nnerno nerno. Hneronere nyomnn.
Hncruerara na onnnxara n mxxnre xomnnuxn rnn, no-xcn or nneronere n onxnoneno
enn, a n xencxnre xomnnuxn saocrpenn, no-nrn or nneronere n onxnoneno posonn.
Xencxnre xomnnuxn camo c nnmxonnnn nnerone, a mxxnre xomnnuxn camo c mxxn,
rpecrn nnerone. Hnoonere c xnpunnxa (rano 65, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn nnannncxn n nncoxonnannncxn xamennnnn mecra, nourn nn ncnuxn no-nncoxn
nnannnn. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna nxnoro pacrenne saeno c xomnnuxnre (pora Herba
Antennariae). Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Bnn pannen Achillea millefolium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nrn nnsxmn nsnxn. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo
20-80 cm, oxocmeno, onncreno, onxnoneno nepasxnoneno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, n
omoro cn ouepranne nponronaro nannernn, nrn 3-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1,5 cm, nono o
rpono nepecro pasenenn, c nnneno-nannernn enuera, sanpmnamn c ocnnue, oxocmenn;
onnnre nncra c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann. Komnnuxnre penn, mnpoxn 3-5 mm, cpann
no mnoro n rcro, nnocxo mnronnno cnnerne. Onnnnnre nncruera na xomnnuxnre
xepemnoopasno napeenn, no pa cn nnnecrn, uepneno-xa]xnn, a n cpeara senenn,
oxocmenn. Brpemnnre nnerone n xomnnuxnre rpecrn, xnrennxanoxa]xnn, nepn]epnnre
enn, esnuecrn, pxxo nsposonn. Hnoonere cnnecxann, es xnpunnxa (rano 65, ]nr. 3).
Hs nnna n, cyxn rpenncrn mecra, xpacranann n p. n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n.
H]rn ma cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnernnre xomnnuxn (pora Flores MilleIolii) n
npxnnre uacrn, orpxsann 15-20 cm no npxa (pora Herba MilleIolii). Vnorpexna ce mnpoxo
n n naponara mennnna.
Aanxyuxa, nanxa Matricaria chamomilla L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rono, cnnno pasxnoneno n ropnara cn uacr
crno, nncoxo o 60 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nrn 4-7 cm, nono o rpono nepecro
napxsann, c nnnenn enuera, ne no-mnpoxn or 0,5 mm. Hnernnre xomnnuxn npxnn,
ennnunn, 18-25 mm n namerp, na nra pxxa no npxonere na pasxnonennxra. Onnnnnre
nncruera nourn n enn pe, rnn, c nnnecr xa]xn p. Brpemnnre nnerone xnrn, rpecrn,
na npxa c 5 sena. Hepn]epnnre esnuecrn nnerone enn, cpeno oxono 15 na po, nrn 6-9
mm, no-nrn or onnnxara, n no-crapnre xomnnuxn nonnrn naony. noro na xomnnuxnre
(omoro nnerno nerno) xonyconnno, xyxo. Hnor es xnpunnxa.
Ho rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnernnre xomnnuxn (pora Flores Chamomillae).
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Onuapxa Pelasites hvbridus (L.) Gaert., Mever et Schreb.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c mececro nnsxmo xopennme. Hneronocnnxr crpx xn
nnn uepnennxan, naxxnnonnno oxocmen, c uepnennxa-
(157)
nn nmcnn, c npxnn rposonn nn cnnernx n ce pasnnna npen nncrara; no npeme na n]rexa
nncox o 40 cm, a no npeme na nnoonomennero o 80 cm. Komnnuxnre c pasnoponn
nyomnn nnerone, enn o neoposonn n uepnennxann. Mxxnre pacrennx c manoponn
recnorpecrn nepn]epnn xencxn nnerone n c mnoroponn esnnonn nynononn nnerone;
xencxnre pacrennx c mnoroponn nepn]epnn recnorpecrn xencxn nnerone, xoco orpxsann
n ncnecrnne na rona nonyesnuecrn n c mnoroponn esnnonn esnuecrn nynononn nnerone.
Cne npen]rxnanero ce pasnnnar npnocnonnn, saxprneno cpnennnn, mnoro epn nncra (o
60 cm), nepannomepno nasenn, orrope senenn, ronn, orony cnernocnnn, rtcronnnecro
nanncrenn, na nra xyxa pxxa, orrope c na pa. Fnnsannara rnn (rano 66, ]nr. 1).
Ho xamennnnn nnaxnn mecra n xpa pexnre n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m ,u. n. H]rn npes
nponerra.
B ctnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nncrara (pora Folia Petasites) n xopennmara
(Rhizoma Petasites), xonro ce cnpar n xpax na nererannxra. Hpnnara ce n n naponara
mennnna.
V nac nma ome na nna onuapxa, npn xonro nncrnnre pxxn ca nnrnn n orrope saxprnenn.
EHOCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
1. unnxr onen oxononnernnre nncruera ca npnxpenenn na nero . ..........................
Koxnue Galanthus nivalis L.
1*. unnxr ropen oxononnernnre nncruera ca npnxpenenn no nero
......................................................................................................................2
2. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no 1 -2 n nasnnre na cpennre crnenn nncra ........... Momxona
cnsa Polvgonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
2*. Hneronere no npxonere na crnara n rposonnnn nnn cennnxonn-nn
cnnernx......................................3
3. Hneronere pasnonoxenn n pexano rposonnno cnnerne. .................... Momnna cnsa
Convallaria mafalis L.
3*, Hneronere cpann n nonyxnecr cennnx.................
........................... Henypa Allium ursinum L.
CEM. KPEMOBH LILIACEAE
Aenypa Allium ursinum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro nyxonnuno pacrenne. Hyxonnnara ennnuna, nponronara, nra 2-
6 cm, c pasnnmnama ce na ycnopenn nnaxna nnnecra onnnxa, es nnn c penn crpannunn
nyxonnuxn. Hncrara onxnoneno na, pxxo enn nnn rpn, enaxnn, nsnnsamn or nyxonnnara,
mnpoxn 3-5 cm, ennnrnuno-nannernn, c ronnno xnnxynane, xm ocnonara crecnenn n nra
pxxa, xm npxa saocrpenn; nnarannmero ynxeno. Hneronere cpann na npxa na
esnncrnnx nneronocen crpx n nonyxnecr cennnx, c onnnxa or 2-3 noxpnnnn nncra, pano
onaamn. Crpxr nncox 15-40 cm, rpncrenen, npn ocnonara cn onnr or nncrnnre nnarannma.
Hnernnre pxxn nsnpanenn, nrn o 2 cm, no-nrn or oxononnernnxa, npn ocnonara cn es
npnnnernnnn. Hneronere enn, c no 6 nnneno-nannernn, rnn nnn saocrpenn enn nncrue ra,
nrn 9-12 mm, pasnonoxenn n na xpra (npocr nenuennen oxononnernnx, nepnron) (rano
66, ]nr. 4).
(158)
Hs cenuecrn nnannncxn ropn nourn n nxnara crpana rnanno na 1000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar crpxonere (pora Herba Allii ursini) n nyxonnnnre
(pora Bulbus Allii ursini). Hma xapaxrepna mnpnsma, noona na uecn, n nourn cmoro
npnnoxenne xaro nero. Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n naponara mennnna.
Mounna csnsa Convailaria mafalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro rono pacrenne c rnxo, nro xopnsonranno xopennme, or xoero
nsnnsar nncrara n nneronocnoro crno. Hncrara npn-ocnonnn, onxnoneno na,
nponronaro ennnrnunn, nrn 10-20 cm, mnpoxn 4-10 cm, c ronnno xnnxynane,
nenoxpann, xm npxa saocrpenn, n ocnonara crecnenn n opasynar nro nnnecro
nnarannme. Hneronocnoro crno nncoxo 15-40 cm, esnncrno, nepasxnoneno, na npxa c
pexano rposonn-no cnnerne c 6-15 cnnno apomarnn nnxra, opnarn na ena crpana. Oxo-
nonnernnxr npocr, snnuennen, opasynan or cpacrnanero na 6 cnexnoenn nncruera, nrn
5-10 mm, ynncnann, na npxa cn c 6 xcn sena. Hpn ocnonara na ncexn nnxr nma nnnecr
npnnnernnx, no-xc or nnernara pxxa, xoxro e nra 6-18 mm. Tnunnxnre 6, no-xcn or
oxononnernnxa n cpacnann c nero. unxr ropen. Hnor xnecra opanxeno-uepnena
mececra xroa, 10-12 mm n namerp. O1ponno!(rano 66, ]nr. 3).
Hs ropn n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Convallariae),
nneronere (pora Flores Convallariae) n nncrara (Folia Convallariae), xonro ce cnpar no
npeme na n]rexa. Ha-mnoro ce ynorpexnar nneronere n nncrara. Hpnnara ce n n naponara
mennnna.
Mouxona csnsa Polvgonatum odoralum (Mill.) Druce (P. officinale L.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno, mececro xopnsonranno xopennme n nsnpaneno
rono pecro crno, nncoxo 15-50 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, c xca pxxa nnn nourn
npncenann, pasnonoxenn n na pea, nponronaro xnennnn, nrn 3-12 cm, mnpoxn 2-5
cm, nenoxpann, c ronnno xnnxynane. Hneronere enn, c npocr nenuennen oxononnernnx,
apomarnn, pasnonoxenn no 1-2 n nasnnre na nncrara xm cpeara na crnoro, ynncnann,
ccranenn or 6 cpacnann n rpnna nncruera, nra o 25 mm n c 6 senennxann sena n
ropnnx xpa. Tnunnxnre 6 npnxpenenn xm cpeara na rpnnara. unnxr ropen. Hnor
cnnxanouepna mececra xroa (rano 66, ]nr. 2).
Hs ropn n xpacranann n nxnara crpana o xm 1500 -m n. n. H]rn npes ma n mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna cnexoro xopennme (pora Rhizoma Polygonati).
Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. KOKHHEBH AMARYLLIDACEAE
Koxnue Galanthus nivalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nyxonnna o 1,5 cm n namerp, c onnnxa or cyxn crapn
nncra. Crnoro npocro, nncoxo o 25 cm, na npxa camo c enn ynncnan naony nnxr. Hncrara
npnocnonnn, uecro na, nsnnsa-
(159)
mn nanpano or nyxonnnara, nnocxn, nnnenn, c ycnopena nepnarypa, mnpoxn 4-15 mm, na
nxnna o 15 cm, na npxa nsrnn. Oxononnernnxr npocr (nenuennen), c 6 enn, o
ocnonara cn pasenenn nncruera nnmnnre rpn ca no-nrn (12-25 mm), ynxeno onannn,
cnao pasnepenn, opasynamn ]ynnxa nnn snnue; nrpemnnre 3 nncruera ca nono no-
xcn, ynxeno oparno cpnennnn, na npxa cc seneno nerno, cnnxenn, opasynamn
xoponxa. Tnunnxnre 6, c mnoro xcn pxxn. unnxr onen. Hnor mececr, xnro-senen,
xnecr (rano 66, ]nr. 5).
Hs xpacranann, ropn n cxannn nonxnn n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ]enpyapn
anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna n]rxmara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Galanthus
nivalis).
(160)
BHAKH C HEPBEHH H PO3OBH HBETOBE
BYCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
HECPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Xpacrn....................................2
1*. Tpenncrn pacrennx.............................3
2. Hncrara npocrn, nenoxpann. Hneronere c npocr oxononnernnx . . . ..................... Fxcno
pnue Daphne me:ereumL.
2*. Hncrara cnoxnn, c nasenn nncruera. Oxononnernnxr noen (c uamxa n nenue)..........
Onxnonenamnnxa Rosa canina L.
3. Oxononnernnxr npocr, ccranen or enn pe nncruera nnn neopasnnr (nonxxora nnncna
nannno)..........................4
3*. Oxononnernnxr or na nnn noneue xpra nncruera, xaro nrpemnnxr ccranx
nenuero..................................6
4. Hpnnncrnnnnre nn nn na nnnecra rpnna, onnnama crnoro.
Hncrara npocrn......................................
........................ Cem. Hanaonn Polvgonaceae
4*. Hpnnncrnnnnre c pyro ycrpocrno nnn nncrara es npnnncrnnnn. Hncrara
nepecrn...................................5
5. Cnnernero npxno, rmnouepneno, ronuecro..............
.................. Heueno nnue Sanguisorba officinalis L.
5*. Cnnernero pasxnoneno, nneronere cnernouepnenn...........
.......................... Cem. Maxonn Papaveraceae
6. Hneronere nenpannnnn...........................7
6*. Hneronere npannnnn...........................10
7. Tnunnxnre o 8...............................8
7*. Tnunnxnre 10................................9
8. Tnunnxnre 8, cpacnann n ne rpynn.....................
.................. Ionxma renuapxa Polvgaut mafor Jacq.
8*.Tnunnxnre2-3 ........... Cem.Maxonn Papaveraceae
9. Bcnuxn rnunnxn cpacnann c pxxnre cn nnn ener cpacnann n ena cnoona......................
Cem.Foonn Fabaceae
9*. Tnunnxonnre pxxn o ocnonara cn cnoonn.............
............................ Pocen Dictamnus albus L.
10. Tnunnxnre noneue or 15.........................11
10*. Tnunnxnre o 10, pxxo o 15 .....................13
11. Tnunnxonnre pxxn cpacnann nonen onnara cn uacr.........
........................... Cem.Cnesonn Malvaceae
11*. Tnunnxonnre pxxn cnoonn......................
......................... cem.Foxyponn Paeoniaceae
12. Hncrara cnoxnn nnn noxo nanennno nspxsann, nnn nsceuenn na
xnone ..........................................
....................... Cem. 3panenonn Geraniaceae
12*. Hncrara npocrn, nenoxpann nnn nasenn.............13
13. Benuenncruerara 6..............................
................. Onxnonena narnx Lvthrum salicaria L.
13*. Benuenncruerara 4 nnn 5........................14
(161)
14. Benuenncruerara 4............................ 15
14*. Benuenncruerara 5..............................
................... Cem. Kapam]nnonn Carvophvllaceae
15. Pacrenne nsonnno noxpnro c npocrn n pasxnonenn xnesncrn nna-
cnnxn ...........................................
....................... Beuepnnx Hesperis matronalis L.
15*. Pacrenne rono nnn c npocrn nnacnnxn ..................
................... Hnnana ropna Curdamine pratensis L.
CEM. AAHAOBH POLYGONACEAE
Kspnannue, naua 1pena Polvgonum L.
1. Hneronere none oruacrn pasmecenn cc crnennre nncra. Onncreno-ro crno nocrenenno
npemnnana n cnnerne, r. e. nxma xcno cnnerne ....
........................... Haua rpena P. aviculareL.
1*. Hneronere cpann n esnncren xnac, cnaen c orenna pxxa . . . ............................
Kpnannue P. bistorta L.
Haua 1pena Polvgonum aviculare L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne cc cnnno pasxnoneno, onxnoneno nnsxmo nnn
npnnonnramo ce crno. Hncrara ennnrnunn o nnneno-nannernn, penn, nrn 2-5 cm,
mnpoxn 0,5-1,5 cm, nocneonarennn, ne-noxpann, saocrpenn nnn rnn, c xca pxxa nnn
nourn npncenann. B ocnonara na ncexn nncr nnnecro nyenno rpecro nnarannme, mnoro
no-xco or mexynsnnxra. Hneronere posonn, no-pxxo o enn, ennnunn nnn cpann na
rpynn no 2-6 n nasnnre na nncrara. Hneronere c npocr oxononnernnx, nr 3-4 mm, nsrpaen
or 5 cpacnann n ocnonara cn nncruera. Tnunnxnre 8. unnxr ropen, c 3 crnuera. Hnor
rpncrenno opexue, nro 2,5-3,5 mm, xnennno, c maronoxa]xna napuxana nonpxnocr
(rano 67, ]nr. 1).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanena e no rpenncrn mecra, xpa croopn, nrnma, nopone nourn o
annncxara sona. H]rn or ma o noemnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Polygoni avicularis),
xoxro ce cnpa npes nxnoro npeme na n]rexa. Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n n naponara
mennnna.
Kspnannue Polvgonum bistorta L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno, smnennno nsnnro, ornn uepno, npn pasuynnane
posono-uepneno xopennme. Crnoro nsnpaneno, rono, nepasxnoneno, nncoxo 30-100 cm, na
npxa c xnaconnno cnnerne, na nrn no-nro, orxonxoro mnpoxo, nro 2-7 cm, eeno 2-
1,5 cm. Hpnocnonnnre n onnnre crnenn nncra epn, nponronaro xnennnn o
nponronaro nannernn, n ocnonara xnnnonnnn nnn nsnenx crecnenn n pxxa, nra 4-30
cm; cpennre no-penn, c xca pxxa nnn nourn npncenann, oxnamamn c ocnonara cn
crnoro; na-ropnnre mnoro penn,
(162)
nannernn o nnnenn, npncenann, ncnuxn nenoxpann. Bnarannmara mnoro nrn, rpecrn,
xa]xnn. Hneronere posonn o posono-uepnenn, nrn 3-4 mm, c 5-enen npocr oxononnernnx,
pasenen nourn o ocnonara cn. Tnunnxnre 8. unnxr ropen, c 3 crtnuera. Opexuero nro
4-5 mm, ocrpo rpnpnecro, rnaxo (rano 68, ]nr. 1).
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopennmero (pora Rhizoma Bistortae), xoero ce
nsxonana naecen, xoraro nncrara n crnoro sanounar a ynxxnar. Bnpoxo ce ynorpexna n n
naponara mennnna.
Or poa Polvgonum L. y nac nma nourn 20 nna, no npocro nepasxnoneno xnaconnno
cnnerne, noono na P. bistorta, nma camo P. viviparum L., na xoro nneronere ca enn.
Bcnuxn ocranann nnone, xonro npnnnuar na nauara rpena n ca c nnerone, pasmecenn c nncra,
ca mnororonmnn pacrennx.
CEM. KAPAMmHAOBH CARYOPHYLLACEAE
1. Crnuerara 2 .................................
........................ Canynue Saponaria officinalis L.
1*. Crnuerara 5.................................
........................Kxnnna Agrostemtna githago L.
Ksxnnna Agrostemtna githago L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, xm npxa nnnyxno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo
30-100 cm, noxpnro c rcrn mexn nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nnnenn o nnneno-
nannernn, nrn 8-15 cm, mnpoxn oxono 1 cm, npnnernano nnaxnecrn. Hneronere epn,
pasnonoxenn no enn nnn no nxxonxo na npxa na crnoro n neronnre pasxnonennx. uamxara
cpacnana, rpecro-snnuennna, crecnxnama ce xm ropnara uacr, c 10 nnnecrn pasn, rpyo
nnaxnecra, nra 3-7 cm, n ropnara cn uacr c nrn o 3 cm nnnenn, nncronnnn, saocrpenn
snn, no-nrn or nenuero. Benuenncruerara rmnouepnenn nnn cnernouepnenn, oparno
onannn, na npxa nnnrxo npxsann. Tnunnxnre 10. unnxr ropen, c 5 crtnuera. Kyrnxara
enornesna, pasnyxnama ce na 5 xna. O1ponno! (rano 67, ]nr. 2).
Hs nocennre n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
Canynue Saponaria officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c ocra een uepnennxan xopen. Crnara no nxxonxo,
nsxoxmn nnn nsnpanenn, onxnoneno ronn, nncoxn 30-90 cm, n ropnara cn uacr pasxnonenn.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn na xpcr, nponronarn o nannernn, nenoxpann, saocrpenn, c 3
xnnxn, nrn 5-12 cm, xm ocnonara crecnenn n xca pxxa nnn npncenann. Hneronere c
pxxa, no 1-2 n nasnnre na na-ropnnre nncra n opasynamn na npxa na crnoro n
pasxnonennxra mernnuecrn cnnernx. uamxara cpacnana, rpec-ra, nra oxono 20 mm, c 5
sena. Benuero posono o xno, opasynano or 5 cnoonn nncruera, nrn oxono 1 cm, c
onanna, cnao nyenna ropna uacr, c ynxena rxcna onna uacr noxr, n na nspacrxa
npn ocnonara nm. Tnunnxnre 10. unnxr ropen, c 2 crtnuera. Hnor xnennna mnoroce-
menna xyrnxa (rano 68, ]nr. 2).
(163)
Hs xpacranann, xpa orpan, no nnaxnn mecra xpa pexnre n pyrae n nxnara crpana oxm
1400 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopenr (pora Radix Sapona riae), xoro ce
nsxonana xcno npes nxroro nnn pano npes ecenra, n n]rxmara nasemna uacr (pora Herba
Saponariae). Vnorpexna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BOYPOBH - PAEON1ACEAE
Boayp Paeonia L.
1. Hncrnnre xnone recnonnnenn (no-recnn or 5 mm) ..........
.................... Tecnonncren oxyp P. tenuifolia L.
1*. Hncrnnre xnone xnennnn nnn ennnrnunn, mnpoxn na 10 mm .... ......................
Vxpacen oxyp P. peregrina Mill.
Tecnonnc1en oayp Paeania tenuifolia L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme n rpyecro saee-nenn xopenn.
Crnoro nsnpaneno, nanxno napaseno, nncoxo 15-50 cm, nourn nepasxnoneno, na npxa c
enn, pxxo c na nnxra. Hncrara nocneonarennn, cc cpannnrenno nra pxxa, nono nnn
rpono nepecro pasceuenn, c nnnenn nnn nnneno nnmxonnnn enuera, no-recnn or 5 mm.
Hneronere epn , 6-8 cm n namerp. uamxara c 6 senennxanouepnenn nncruera. Benuero
xpnanouepneno o nourn rmnouepneno, c 8 mnpoxo xnennnn nncruera, nrn 3-4 cm n
mnpoxn 1,5-2,5 cm. Tnunnxnre mnoroponn, c uepnenn pxxn n xnrn npamnnnn.
Hnonnnnre 4-5 na po, rcronnaxnecrn, c ropen xunnx. Hnor copen, mexynxa (rano 67,
]nr. 3).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n nsrounnre uacrn na crpanara n n Co]ncxo. H]rn
npes anpnn n ma. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Yxpacen oayp Paeonia peregrina Mill.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nperenonnno saeenen xopen n xco xopennme.
Crnoro nsnpaneno, nepasxnoneno, nncoxo 50-90 cm, nanxno napaseno. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, 2-3 nrn rpono nepecrn naenenn, c recnn, ennnrnunn o mnpoxo
rpnrnnn xpann xnone, noxo npxsann nnn epo nasenn. Hneronere mnoro epn, 7-15
cm n namerp, pasnonoxenn noennnuno na npxa na crnoro, cnernouepnenn, no-pxxo
posonn. uamenncruerara 5, cnoonn, neenaxnn. Benuenncruerara na-uecro 8-12, oparno
xnennnn, nxxon na npxa cn nasenn, nrn 6-10 cm. Tnunnxnre mnoro, c uepnenn pxxn.
Hnonnnnre 2-3 na po, nnaxnecrn, nrn 2-4 cm, c ropen xunnx. Hnor copen, ccranen
or 2-3 nnaxnecrn mexynxn (rano 67, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann n pexn mnpoxonncrnn ropn nourn n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
npes ma n ronn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar xopenr (pora Radix Paeoniae), xoro ce nsxonana
pano nanponer, xoraro ce pasnnnar nncrara, nscymennre nenuenncruera (pora Flores Paeoniae)
n cemenara (pora Semen Paeoniae). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
(164)
CEM. MAKOBH PAPAJERACEAE
1. Hneronere npannnnn....... Honcxn max Papaver rhoeas L.
1*. Hneronere nenpannnnn...........................2
2. Mnororonmno pacrenne c rpyxa. uamxara nnncna. Benuero c mnopa ............. Kyxa
nncnunna Corvdalis cava (L.) Schw. et Korte
2*.Enoronmno pacrenne c rnxn xopenuera, es rpyxa. uamxara c
na xpra nncruera. Benuero c ropecr nspacrx.................
.................. Heueen poconac Fumaria officinalis L,
Honcxn uax, xasnxa Papaver rhoeas L.
Enoronmno, mnoro pxxo nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c xn mneuen cox. Crnoro
nsnpaneno, npocro nnn pasxnoneno, onxnoneno c pasnepenn nnacnnxn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra
na pxxa, nra 3-15 cm, nepecro pasceuenn; xnonere mnpoxn, xnennnn, epo nasenn,
npxnnxr no-ep; resn nncra no-pxxo ca nono nepecrn c nannernn, nasenn enuera.
Crnennre nncra npncenann, ynxeno xnennno-nannernn, rpnennn nnn nepecro
naceuenn, nasenn nnn nannnenn, ncnuxn nnaxnecrn. Hneronere ennnunn no npxonere na
crnoro n xnonxnre na pxxa, nra 10-20 cm. uamenncruerara ne, xonro onaar cne
pasrnapxnero na nnera. Benuenncrue-rara 4, nourn xprnn, nrn 3,5-5 cm, xpxouepnenn, no-
pxxo enn, posonn nnn nnoneronn, nonxxora n ocnonara cn c uepno nerno. Tnunnxnre
mnoroponn, c uepnn nnn uepnenn nnmxonnnn pxxn n cnnxann npamnnnn. unnxr
ropen, mnorornesen, c mnpoxo npncenano nuncro nnsanne, c 8-20 panannn nua. Hnor
oparno onanna nnn nourn xnecra mnorocemenna rona xyrnxa (rano 67, ]nr. 5).
Ho rpenncrn mecra n ns nocennre xaro nnenen n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
anpnn-anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar neneunnre nncra (pora Flores Rhoeados). Hpnnara
ce n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ome nxxonxo nna max, xonro nmar uepnenn nnerone, no nnonnre nm
xyrnxn ca nnnnnpnuno yrnnxonnnn, uecro noxpnrn c uernnxn.
Kyxa nncnunna Corvdalis cava (L.) Schw. et Korte
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nosemna xnecra xyxa rpyxa. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
nncoxo 10-45 cm, rono, nepasxnoneno nnn cnao pasxnoneno. Hncrara na, nocneonarennn, c
pxxa, na o rpn nrn nepecro rponn, c nnneno-nannernn nnn ennnrnunn o oparno
xnennnn xnone, nrn 0,5-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,2-2 mm, nenoxpann nnn na npxa cn epo
nasenn, xpannxr xn c pxxa. Hneronere 10-20, pasnonoxenn n pxxo rposo-nnno
cnnerne na npxa na npocroro, nro 2-8 cm, nepasxnoneno crno, c nenn onannn
npnnncrnnnn. Hnernnre pxxn nrn 5-9 mm. Hneronere posonn, no-pxxo enn, nrn 22-30
mm, c ne pano onaamn uamenncruera. Benuenncruerara 4, n na xpra nere nrpemnn
ennnrnunn, enaxnn, cpacnann n ocnonara cn, or nnmnnre ne onnoro n ocnonara cn uecro e
mexypecro noyro nnn c xca mnopa, a ropnoro na npxa pasmnpeno, nnocxo nnn nnnaro.
Tnunnxnre 3, na npxa cn 3-ennn c 6 npamnnxa. unnxr ropen. Hnor pasnyxnama ce na
ne xyrnxa (rano 69, ]nr. 1).
Hs ropn n xpacranann n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
(165)
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Corydalis cavae) n
rpyxnre (pora Tubera Corydalis cavae). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Aeueen poconac Fumaria officinalis L.
Enoronmno nexno rpenncro pacrenne, nncoxo 10-40 cm, pasxnoneno, npnnonnramo ce nnn
nsnpaneno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, na pxxa, n omoro cn ouepranne mnpoxo ennnrnunn, c
rxcno nnnenn, nnneno-nannernn nnn ennnrnunn xpann enuera, mnpoxn 1-4 mm, ronn,
nasenn. Hneronere npncenann n nasnnre na na-ropnnre nncra, cpann n rposo-nnnn
cnnernx, nrn 2-6 cm, c nnneno-xnnnonnno saocrpenn npnnner-nnnn, no-xcn or nnernnre
pxxn. Hneronere npannnnn, posono-uepnenn o nypnypnonnoneronn, nrn 6-9 mm.
uamenncruerara nrn 1,5-3,5 mm, nasenn, no-recnn n 2-3 nrn no-xcn or
nenuenncruerara. Benuero c 4 nncruera, ropnoro nnmno c ropecr nspacrx. Tnunnxnre 2, c
rpnennn npamnnnn. unnxr ropen. Hnor cnnecxano xnecro opexue, na npxa - manxo
nnnaro, mnpoxo 2,5-3,0 mm, c nsnpanena pxxa. O1ponno!(rano 68, ]nr. 3).
Hs rpenncrn mecra, nnnan, nacnma n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Fumariae), xoxro ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Fnnxara ne rpxna a ce cmecna c ocranannre nnone or rosn po. uamenncruerara na pyrnre
nnone nnn ca no-xcn or 1 mm, nnn Hnonnre pxxn ca nsnnrn naony, nnn ca pasnepenn.
Opexuerara nm ne ca nnnarn na npxa cn.
CEM. KPTCTOHBETHH - BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
Beuepnnx Hesperis matronalis L.
nyronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, npocro nnn pasxnoneno
crno, nncoxo o 1,2 m, noxpnro nsonnno c npocrn nnn pasxnonenn xnesncrn nnacnnxn.
Hncrara npocrn, onannn o onanno nannernn, nasenn nnn nenn, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn,
ropnnre npncenann, nonyo-xnamamn crnoro. Hneronere npannnnn, cpann n
mnoronnernn rposo-nnnn cnnernx. Hnernnre pxxn nrn 10-20 mm. uamenncruerara n
nenuenncruerara no 4. uamenncruerara nrn 5-10 mm, nponronarn, c recen xn nnnecr p
no xpax, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn. Benuenncruerara nrn 14-25 mm, posonn, nnoneronn, apomarnn,
nponronaro ennnrnunn, xm ocnonara crecnenn n noxr. Tnunnxnre 6, or xonro 2 no-xcn.
unnxr ropen. Hnor mymynxa, nra 6-10 mm, c pxxa, nnaxnecr, nnnnnpnuen o
cnao cnnecxan, ron (rano 68, ]nr. 4).
Ho xamennnnn n rpenncrn mecra n ns xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
ma mnn.
Ho-pano ce e ynorpexnan n o]nnnannara mennnna, a cera camo n naponara.
3aoe.erra. Hueaoua eopea Cardaminepralensis L. (er. npu ou.ru c oe.u eemoee).
(166)
CEM. PO3OHBETHH - ROSACEAE
Onxnonena mnnxa Rosa ainina L.
Cnnno onnn xpacr, nncox o 2-3 m, c ronnno nsnnrn xnonn, ncnuxn cnaenn c
mnoroponn rnpn, cpnonnno nsnnrn mnnone. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nrn 7-9 cm,
neun]ronepecrn, c 5-7 ennnrnunn nncruera, nrn 1,5-3 cm, mnpoxn 1-1,5 cm, ocrpo nasenn,
ronn. Hncrara c xca pxxa, c npnpacnann xm nex recnn, xnesncro pecnnuecrn
npnnncrnnnn. Hneronere nynononn, 4-6 cm n namerp, ennnunn nnn no nxxonxo no
npxonere na xnonxnre, posonn, no-pxxo enn. Hnernoro nerno nnnaro, c ]opma na
ennnuxa, na ropnnx xpa na xoxro ca npnxpenenn 5-re nepecro nspxsann uamenncruera, 5-re
epn necpacnann nenuenncruera n mnoroponnre rnunnxn. Brpe n ennnuxara, mexy
xonpnneno ncxann nnacnnxn ce namnpar mnoroponnre nnonnuera, unnro crtnuera ce
noanar nann or ornopa na ennnuxara. Cne onnoxanero re ce npenpmar n rnpn
nnouera, opexuera, a ennnuxara napacrna n cne yspxnanero ce npenpma n uepnena mececra
ncxana ,manxa" (rano 69, ]nr. 2).
Hs xpacranann n ropn, xpa nnnn n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n.
H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar yspennre rmnouepnenn nscymenn mnnxn pora
Fructus Rosae (Fructus Cynosbati). Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
V nac ce cpemar ronxm po nnone mnnxn. Hnoonere na nxxon, nnsxn o onxnonenara
mnnxa nnone cmo ce cnpar, nanpnmep R. gallica L., R. pendulina L., R. tomentosa Srn., R.
caesia Sm, Pasnnuananero na orennnre nnone mnnxn e mnoro rpyno sa necnennanncra n
nopan rona nnoonere ce cnpar npaxrnuecxn or nourn ncnuxn nnone.
Aeueno nnue Sanguisorba officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno xopennme n c ennnunn, n ropnara cn uacr cnao
pasxnonenn pepncrn crna, nncoxn o 1 m. Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, npnocnonnnre nrn
o 30 cm, na nra pxxa, onxnoneno cc 7-25 nncruera, npncenann, c nponronaro
ennnrnuna nnn xnennna ]opma, npn ocnonara cpnennnn, na npxa saxprnenn, nrn 1,5-6
cm, mnpoxn 1-2,5 cm, nannneno nasenn, nannno ronn xaro crnoro. Crnennre nncra
npncenann. Hneronere nynononn, cpann n onannn nnn xco nnnnnpnunn rnannuxn, nrn
15-30 mm, rmnouepnenn o nourn uepnn. Benuero nnncna. uamxara nenuennna, c 4 nncruera.
Tnunnxnre 4 nnn noneue. Hnoonere sarnopenn nn nrnpxnama ce 4-crenna uameuna
rpnna (rano 69, ]nr. 3). Cpema ce nancxxe no nnaxnn npennannncxn n nnannncxn
nnnan mexy 800 n 2200 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nsnaennre npes ecenra xopenn n xopennma (pora
Radix et Rhizoma Sanguisorbae). Hsnonsyna ce mnpoxo n naponara mennnna.
CEM. BOBOBH - FABACEAE (PAPILIONACEAE)
1. Hncrara c ena noxa nncruera, xaro nncrnara pxxa sanpmna c
pasxnoneno mycraue. Mexynsnnxra na crnara xpnnarn...........
.................... Iopcxo cexnpue Lathyrus syhestrisL.
(167)
1*. Bpxr na omara nncrna pxxa, npxy xoxro ca pasnonoxenn orennnre nncruera (3 na
po), nnnarn sanpmna c nncrue, a ne c ocnnue nnn mycraue ........................................ 2
2. Fonnn nonyxpacr. Hneronere ennnunn nnn cpann no nxxonxo n nasnnre na nncrara.......
Fonnn rpmorpn Ononis spinosa L.
2*. Heonnno rpenncro pacrenne. Hneronere cpann n rnannuxn no npxonere na
pasxnonennxra . . uepnena erennna TrifoliumpratenseL.
Iopcxo cexnpue Lathvrus svlvestris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nxxonxo nonernann nnn npnnonnramn ce, ronn
uernpnpecrn xpnnarn crna, nrn o 2-3 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, c xpnnara pxxa, c
ena noxa nncruera n c nro pasxnoneno mycraue na npxa. Hpnnncrnnnnre nrn 1 -3 cm,
mnpoxn 2-5 mm, crpe-nonnnn, nnneno-mnnonnnn.Hncruerara nnneno-nannernn, nrn 5-
15 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-2 cm. Hneronere nenpannnnn, cpann no 3-12 n rposonnnn cnnernx
npxy oma nra pxxa, nsnnsama or nasnnre na nncrara, panna no nxnna na nasnennx
nncr nnn no-nra or nero. uamxara snnuennna, rona, c 5 neenaxnn sena, no-xcn or
rpnnara . Benuero nro 13-20 mm, posono, c xapaxrepnoro sa oonnre pacrennx
ycrpocrno c nanxa, xpnnna n ]narue. Tnunnxnre 10, or xonro 9 cpacnann n rpnna, a
ecerara cnoona. unnxr ropen. Hnor o, nr 4-7 cm, mnpox 5-15 mm, cnnecxan,
pasnyxnnn (rano 69, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce ns xpacranann npenmno xpa pexn n nxnara crpana oxm 800 m n. n. H]rn or mnn
o anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bonnn rpsuo1psn Ononis spinosa L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne nnn nonyxpacr c npocrn nnn pasxnonenn crna, crenemn
ce no semxra, nsxoxmn nnn nsnpanenn, nncoxn 10-80 cm, c xcn rnpn onn, xnesncro
nnaxnecrn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, onnnre n cpennre rponn c ennnrnunn nnn xnennnn
nasenn nncruera, a ropnnre npocrn. Hncruerara nrn 8-15 mm, mnpoxn 3-10 mm, xnesncro
nnaxnecrn. Hpnnncrnnnnre nrn 3-6 mm, nncronnnn, nasenn, cpacnann c nncrnara
pxxa, xnesncro nnaxnecrn. Hneronere nenpannnnn, n nasnnre na nncrara, opasynar pexano
rposonnno cnnerne. Hnernnre pxxn nrn 2-3 mm, rcroxnesncro nnaxnecrn, es
npnnnernnnn. Hneronere c xapaxrepnoro sa oonnre pacrennx ycrpocrno. uamxara
snnuennna, 5-nncrna, noxpnra c npocrn n xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Benuero posono, nro 6-20
mm, c nanxa, saocrpena xaro uonxa, n ocra ronxmo ]narue. Tnunnxnre 10, cpacnann. Hnor
o, nr 6-10 mm, mnpox 3-4 mm, xnennno-pomnuen, rcroxnesncro nnaxnecr (rano 69,
]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, perone na pexn n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m n. n. H]rn mnn
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Ononidis), xoro ce nsxonana
npes ecenra cne yspxnanero na nnoonere. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Hepnena e1ennna Trifolium pratense L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c no nxxonxo nsnpanenn, nsxoxmn nnn nonernann,
pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn 20-100 cm, ronn nnn camo n rop-
(168)
nara cn uacr pecnnuecrn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, rponn, onnnre na nra pxxa (15-20
cm), na-ropnnre nourn npncenann; orennnre nncruera ennnrnunn o oparno xnennnn,
nrn 1-3 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-1,5 cm, nenoxpann nnn nnnrxo nasenn. Hpnnncrnnnnre
rpnrnno nannernn, saocrpenn, nenoxpann, n no-ronxmara cn uacr cpacnann c nncrnara
pxxa. Hneronere nynononn, cpann n xnecrn nnn xnennnn rnannuxn, ennnunn nnn
no ne, onxnoneno onnrn or na-ropnnre nncra, 2-3 cm n namerp. uamxara rpecra, c 10
xnnxn n 5 sena, nnaxnecra, nra 7-10 mm. Benuero nro 12-15 mm, rmnouepneno o
cnernouepneno, or 5 neenaxnn nncruera (nere onnn cpacnann n nanxa, nere crpannunn
opasynar xpnnna, a ropnoro no-epo ]narue). Tnunnxnre 10, or xonro 9 cpacnann c
pxxnre cn, a ecerara cnoona. Hnor enocemenen nnnecr o, oxnanar or uamxara
(rano 70, ]nr. 1).
Hs nnaxnn nnnan, nacnma, rpenncrn mecra n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma
mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nscymennre nnerone (pora Flores TriIolii pratensae)
n nxnara nasemna n]rxma uacr (Herba TriIolii pratensae). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara
mennnna.
CEM. 3PABEHOBH - GERANIACEAE
1. Hncrara nepecrn. Camo 5 rnunnxn ca cnaenn c npamnnnn, a ocranannre 5 npecrannxnar
npocrn nnmxn........................
.................... uaconnnue Erodium cicutarium LHer.
1*. Hncrara nanennno napxsann. H 10-re rnunnxn cnaenn c npamnnnn
............................................2
2. Hneronere ennnunn, pasnonoxenn npxy nra cunenena pxxa . . ...........
Kpnanouepnen spanen GeraniumsanguineumL.
2*. Hneronere c necunenena pxxa, pasnonoxenn no na (pxxo no rpn) npxy oma
pxxa..............................3
3. Enoronmno pacrenne c rnxn, necno nsnaxamn ce or nounara xopenuera. Hncrara n
omoro cn ouepranne 5-rnnn, noxo 3-5-ennn; npxnnxr xn no-ep, c ope pasnnra
pxunna, a crpannunnre c xca pxunna, nourn npncenann, ncnuxn noxo nepecro
napxsann. Tnunnxnre cxpnrn n nnera.....................................
............... Poepron spanen Geranium robertianum L.
3*. Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c eeno xopennme, noxpnro c nmcnn. Hncrara,
ocoeno onnnre crnenn, n omoro cn ouepranne saxprnenn, nanennno napxsann na 5-9
ocrpo nasenn xna, xonro n ocnonara cn ce cennxnar nomexy cn. Tnunnxnre crpuar
nsnn nnera...........
............. Onxnonen spanen Geranium macrorrhi:um L.
Onxnonen spanen Geranium macrorrhi:um L.
Pacrenne c npann crna, nncoxn 20-70 cm, noxpnrn c xnesncrn nnacnn-xn. Hpnocnonnnre
nncra mnpoxn 4-10 cm, nrn 2-7 cm, c pxxa, nra o 30 cm; crnennre cpemynonoxnn, na
xca pxxa (o 5 cm), a na-ropnnre npncenann; ncnuxn noxpnrn c npocrn n xnesncrn
nnacnnxn. Hneronere cpann nn npxnn mnoronnernn cnnernx, opasynann or no nxxonxo
ocn c no 2 nnxra, xaro ncxxa oc e nra o 5 cm, a nnernara pxxa nra o 2 cm. Hneronere
npannnnn, c uamxa n nenue or no 5 cnoonn nncruera. Benuenncruerara posono- uepnenn o
nnonerono-uepnenn, oparno xnennnn, xm ocno-
(169)
nara crecnenn n pecnnuecrn, nrn 15-20 mm, nourn 2 nrn no-nrn or uamxara. Tnunnxnre
10. Hnor cyxa rona xyrnxa, pasnaama ce na 5 xna (rano 70, ]nr. 2).
Hs nnaxnn, cenuecrn xamennnnn n cxannn mecra n nnannncxnre paonn mexy 300 n 2500 m n.
n. H]rn anpnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Geranii
macrorrhizi), xoxro ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hma ronxmo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
Kspnanouepnen spanen Geranium sanguineum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xopnsonranno xopennme. Crnara npnnonnramn ce
nnn nsnpanenn, nncoxn 15-60 cm, pasxnonenn, n ocnonara cn onxnoneno nouepnxnamn,
noxpnrn c nrn pasnepenn nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, n omoro cn ouepranne
saxprnenn, 2-4 cm n namerp, nourn o ocnonara cn pasenenn na 5-7 xna; xnonere
nanennno pasenenn na 3-5 nnnenn, nourn nenoxpann enuera, nnaxnecrn, orony c nrn
enn nnacnnxn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra pano nscxnamn, c pxxa, nra 2-8 cm, a crnennre c
pxxa o 5 cm, nnaxnecra. Hneronere ennnunn, o 3 cm n namerp, na pxxa, nra 5-20
cm. uamxara n nenuero c no 5 nncruera. Benuenncruerara xpnanouepnenn, nrn 15-20 mm, na
npxa npxsann, 2 nrn no-nrn or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 10. unnxr ropen, ccranen or 5
xna, ncexn or xonro sanpmna c nro nocue. Hnor cyxa xyrnxa, pasnyxnama ce na 5 xna
(rano 70, ]nr. 3)..
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, ns xpacranann n ropcxn nonxnn n nxnara crpana nourn
o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopennmero (Rhizoma Geranii sanguinei). Vnorpexna
ce n n naponara mennnna.
Poep1on spanen Geranium robertianum L.
Enoronmno, no-pxxo nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nenpnxrna mnpnsma, c nsnpaneno
nnn npnnonnramo ce, uecro cnnno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo 15-50 cm, uepneno, c pasnepenn
xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, mnpoxn 3-8 cm, na nra pxxa (o 20 cm),
nnaxnecrn. Hneronere no na, 6-9 mm n namerp. uamenncruerara 5, nrn 7-9 mm, c ocnnue
na npxa cn, nnaxnecrn. Benuenncruerara nrn 913 mm, na npxa saxprnenn, posono-
uepnenn o nnoneronn, 2 nrn no-nrn or uamenncruerara, c 3 no-cnernn nnnnn. Tnunnxnre
10. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyxa xyrnxa, pasnyxnama ce na 5 xna (rano 70, ]nr. 4).
Hs nnaxnn cenuecrn mecra, ropn n xpacranann n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n.-H]rn
ma-oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar crpxonere (pora Herba Geranii robertiani).
Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Haconnnue Erodium cicutarium LHer.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nonernano, npnnonnramo ce nnn nsnpaneno crno,
nncoxo o 60-80 cm, oxocmeno, nonxxora n c xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra
cpann n poserxa, nrn o 10 cm, c pxxa, nra o 7 cm, crnennre cpemynonoxnn, n
omoro cn ouepranne nponro-
(170)
narn, nepecrn c nepecro pasenenn xnone, nnaxnecrn. Hneronere npannnnn, cpann no
nxxonxo (o 12) npxy nrn o 14 cm nnaxnecrn pxxn. uamenncruerara 5, nnaxnecrn, xco
saocrpenn, nrn 4-7 mm. Benuenncruerara 5, posono-uepnenn, nrn 2-7 mm, nepannn
nomexy cn, oparno xnennnn. Camo 5 rnunnxn c npamnnnn. unnxr ccranen or 5 xna,
ncexn or xonro nma na npxa cn no enn nr ocnn, xoro cne yspxnanero na nnoa (cyxa
pasnyxnnna xyrnxa) ce sannna crpannuno (rano 70, ]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn, necxnnnn n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn
ma noemnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Erodii cicutari).
Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. CEEmHEBH RUTACEAE
Pocen Dictamnus albus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c een npnenxn xopen n nsnpaneno, n onnara cn uacr
npnenxno crno, nncoxo 40-90 cm, c mnpnsma, noona na xanena, nsnunana or rmnn
xnesncrn nnacnnxn, pasnonoxenn n ropnara my uacr, ocoeno n onacrra na cnnernero.
Hncrara neun]ronepecrn, nocneonarennn, npncenann, c 7-13 nourn xoxecrn, epn nannernn
nnn xnennnn, no pa cnrno nasenn nncruera, nrn 1,5-5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-2,5 cm, c rmnn
npncenann rouxonnnn xnesnuxn no nonpxnocrra, camo npxnoro uecro c pxxa.
Hneronere cnao nenpannnnn, cpann nn npxno rposonnno cnnerne, xnesncro
oxocmeno. Hpnnnernnnnre nnneno-nannernn, nnaxnecrn; nnernnre pxxn xnesncro
nnaxnecrn. uamenncruerara 5, nannernn, rnn nnn saocrpenn, nrn 5-6 mm, uecro
nenuennno oarpenn, ronn nnn nnaxnecrn. Benuenncruerara 5, neenaxnn, nrn 2-2,5 cm,
xno-posonn, c uepnenn xnnxn n uepnn rouxonnnn xnesn; uernpnre nenuenncruera
nsnpanenn narope, a neroro nsnnro naony. Tnunnxnre 10, ronnno nsnnrn naony, nrn 3-
3,5 cm. unnxr ropen, 5-rnesen. Hnor pasnyxnnna 5-rnesna xyrnxa (rano 71, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn, xamennnnn n xpacranaunn mecra npenmno npxy naponnr repen, n ro
rnanno, n no-ronnnre uacrn na crpanara oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Dictamni), xoro ce nsnaxa
xm xpax na nxroro nnn n nauanoro na ecenra. Hma mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara
mennnna.
Pacrennero rpxna a ce cnpa mnoro nnnmarenno, samoro namnpamnre ce no nero xnesncrn
nnacnnxn morar a npensnnxar cepnosnn nsnanennx no xoxara n pann.
CEM. TEAHAPKOBH POLYGALACEAE
Ionnua 1enuapxa Polvgala mafor Jacq.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xopennme n c nsnpanenn npocrn, cnao oxocmenn, rcro
onncrenn crna, nncoxn 20-50 cm, n ocnonara cn es nncrnn poserxn. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, nrn 1-3 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-3 mm; onnnre oparno xnennnn, rnn, ropnnre
nannernn o nnnenn, ncnuxn
(171)
nenoxpann n ronn. Hneronere nenpannnnn, posono-uepnenn, pxxo nnoneronn nnn enn,
cpann nn npxnn rposonnnn cnnernx, c (10) 30-60 nnxra. uamxara 5-nncrna, c 2 no-
epn, nenuennno oarpenn nncruera (xpnnna), nrn 10-12 mm, xonro ca c 14 no-xcn or
rponnnara uacr na nenuero. Benuenncruerara 3, cpacnann nomexy cn onnoro
nsxpnneno (nanxa). Tnunnxnre 8, cpacnann n ocnonara cn n eno, a no-narope n ne cnonuera
or no 4 rnunnxn. unnxr ropen, c eno crnue n na npxa c 2 nnsanna. Hnor
nyrnesna cnnecxana xyrnxa (rano 71, ]nr. 2).
Hs nnnan, rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann npenmno n npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc
nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
B mennnnara ce ynorpexnar xopennmero c xopennre (pora Radix et Rhizoma Polygalae
majoris) n nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Polygalae).
CEM. CAE3OBH MALJACEAE
1. Bnmnara uamxa ccranena or 3 o ocnonara cn cnoonn nncruera . . .............................
Cnes Malva svlvestris L.
1*. Bnmnara uamxa ccranena or 3-9 cpacnann nomexy cn nncruera . 2
2. Bnmnara uamxa ccranena or 3 cpacnann nncruera...........
....................... Hanarepa Lavatera thuringiaca L.
2*. Bnmnara uamxa ccranena or 6-9 cpacnann nncruera..........
.................................. Pyxa Althaea L.
Cnes Malva svlvestris L.
nyronmno, no-pxxo enoronmno nnn mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npnnonnramn
ce nnn nsnpanenn pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn 30-120 cm, rcro noxpnrn c pasnepenn uernnxn,
pxxo ronn. Hncrara nocneo narennn, nrn 2-8 cm, mnpoxn 2,5-10 cm, saxprneno
pexonnnn, nasenn, onnnre cnao napxsann, ropnnre no-noxo 3-7-ennn, nourn
npncenann, orrope pascexno nnaxnecrn o ronn, orony enonnaxnecrn o ns-ronn; nncrnara
pxxa oxocmena, nra o 20 cm. Hneronere no nxxonxo n nasnnre na nncrara, n nasnenn n
npxnn rposonnnn cnnernx. Hneronere epn, 3-4 cm n namerp, na pxxa, nra 1-4 cm.
uamxara nona cmnncxa (nrpemnara) c 5 nncruera, nrn 5-6 mm, cpacnann na cpeara,
nnmnara no-xca, c 3 cnoonn nncruera. Benuenncruerara 5, cnoonn, na npxa noxo
npxsann, nrn 12-30 mm, posono-uepnenn, c no-rmnn nanxnn xnnxn. Tnunnxnre
mnoroponn, cpacnann n rpnna. unnxr ropen. Hnor ncxonnen, 5-10 mm n namerp,
pasnaam ce na 10-12 crpannuno cnnecxann pexonnnn nnouera (rano 71, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn mecra, n nsxonn, xpa nrnma, orpan n p. xaro ypen oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn
ma cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Malvae), n nneronere (pora
Flores Malvae). Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Aana1epa Lavatera thuringiaca L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, nxnoro enesnnxano or nanncrenn-re snesonnnn
nnacnnxn. Crnara nsnpanenn, nncoxn o 2 m, onxnoneno pasxnonenn. Hncrara nrn o 9
cm,mnpoxn 3-10 cm, saxprnenn, nasenn,
(172)
npnocnonnnre c pxxa, no-nra or nerypara; crnennre nocneonarennn, c pxxa no-xca
or nerypara, onnnre nnnrxo 5-ennn, ropnnre 3-ennn, nnnrxo nasenn, c no-ronxm cpeen
xn; npnnncrnnnnre saocrpenn, nrn 4-7 mm. Cnnernero npxen cnnno ynxen rpos.
Hneronere npannnnn, ennnunn n nasnnre na nncrara, na nra pxxa (1,5-5 cm). Hncruerara
na nnmnara uamxa saxprnenn, xco saocrpenn, nrn 6-10 mm; nrpemnara uamxa c 5
nncruera, nrn 10-15 mm, c 5 sena na npxa cn. Hncruerara n na nere onnnxn cpacnann
nourn o ocnonara cn, nnaxnecrn. Benuero epo, 2,0-5,5 cm n namerp, posono, c 5 npxsann na
npxa cn nncruera, 3-4 nrn no-nrn or uamxara. Hnor c 20-25 xna, ronn, napeenn n xpr
(rano 71, ]nr. 4).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, xpacranann, xpa nrnma n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm
1700 m n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Pyaa Althaea L.
1. Bnmnara uamxa ccranena or 6, pxxo 7 xna. Tpnara crpana na nnouerara c nox
xne (yne). Benuenncruerara no-nrn or 2 cm .... 2
1*. Bnmnara uamxa ccranena or 8-9 xna. Tpnara crpana na nnouerara es xne.
Benuenncruerara no-xcn or 2 cm .................
........................ Heuena pyxa A. officinalis L.
2. Crnara ronn nnn c pexn nnacnnxn (nanncrenn camo no na-mnanre xnonxn).
Hepn]epnnre uacrn na crpannunnre crenn na nnouerara nnaxnecrn................. Posona pyxa
A. rosea (L.) Cav.
2*. Crnara rcro nnaxnecrn, nanncrenn. Crpannunnre crenn na nnonnre xnone ronn
............... Fnea pyxa A. pallida Willd.
Aeuena pyaa Althaea officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco eeno xopennme n nr o 50 cm enesnnxan
xopen, nxnoro mexo nnnecro or nanncrenn snesonnnn nnacnnxn. Crnoro npano,
pasxnoneno, nncoxo o 2 m. Hncrara nocneonarennn, xnennnn, nrn 5-15 cm, mnpoxn 3-12
cm; onnnre cnao 3-ennn; ropnnre xcno 3-ennn, nasenn. pxxara nm nra 2-6 cm, no-
xca or nerypara, na-ropnnre nncra npncenann. Hneronere neoposonn o nourn enn, no
2-3 n nasnnre na nncrara nn npxnnre uacrn na crnoro n pasxnonennxra my, xaro opasynar
rposonnnn nnn mernnuecrn cnnernx. Bnmnara uamxa c 8-12 nnnenn nncruera, nrn 5-
10 mm, a nrpemnara c 5 rpnrnnn ocrpn xna. Benuenncruerara 5, nono no-nrn or
uamxara. Tnunnxnre mnoro, cpacnann n rpnna, c xpxouepnenn npamnnnn. Hnor nnocx,
ncxonnen, npn yspxnanero ce pasnaa na 15-25 cyxn nnouera (rano 71, ]nr. 5).
Ho nnaxnn xpapeunn n mouypnnnn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar xopenr (pora Radix Althae-ae), nsxonan npes
ecenra, nncrara (pora Folia Althaeae) n nneronere (pora Flores Althaeae). Vnorpexna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Posona pyaa Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno npocro nnn pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 3 m,
rono nnn c pexn nnacnnxn. Hncrara na nrn pxxn
(173)
(0,5-14 cm), saxprnenn nnn xnennno cpnennnn, nrn 2-10 cm, mnpoxn 212 cm, 6-7-
ennn; ropnnre 3-ennn, nasenn, rcro xocmarn. Hneronere epn, ennnunn nnn no 2-3 n
nasnnre na nncrara, cpann n nourn xnaconnnn cnnernx, c xca pxxa. Bnmnara uamxa
cpacnana o 13 or nxnnara cn, no-xca or nrpemnara, nra 13-15 mm, c 6-7 mnpoxo
rpnrnnn saocrpenn cnoonn xna, nnaxnecrn; nrpemnnre nrn 18-22 mm, cmo cpacnann
o 13, c 5 cnoonn xna. Benuenncruerara posonn nnn enn, nnoneronn o uepno-uepnenn,
nrn 2,5-5 cm, npnnoxpnnamn ce c xpanmara cn, mnpoxo oparno xnennnn, na npxa
npxsann, xm ocnonara crecnenn. Tnunnxonara rpnna nra 10-15 mm, rona. Hnor 18-25
mm n namerp, pasnaam ce na 20-40 xa]xnn nnonn xna, xaro rpnara nm crpana e c
noxa rxcna pasa.
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann xaro ypen. Orrnexa ce n xaro exoparnnno pacrenne.
H]rn anpnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Bnea pyaa Althaea pallida Willd.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpanenn npocrn nnn pasxnonenn crna, nncoxn o 1,5
m. Hncrara c pxxa, nra 0,5-15 cm, saxprneno cpnennnn, nrn 2-9 cm, mnpoxn 2-10 cm,
onnnre nnnrxo, ropnnre no-noxo nspxsann na 3-5 xna, nasenn, rcro xocmarn.
Hneronere 6-10 n namerp, no enn nnn no na n nasnnre na nncrara, na pxxa, nra 3-10
mm, npn nnoa ynxena n nsnpanena. Bnmnnre uamenncruera nrn 10-18 mm, cpacnann n
onnara cn uacr, nrpemnnre nrn 12-20 mm, cmo cpacnann n ocnonara cn. Benuenncruerara
posonn nnn posono-uepnenn, n ocnonara xnrennxann, nrn 30-45 mm, mnpoxo oparno
xnennnn, na npxa noxo npxsann, nenoxpn-namn ce c xpanmara cn. Tnunnxonara rpnna
nra 6-9 mm, rona. Hnor 10-20 mm n namerp, pasnaam ce na 32-45 nnonn xna.
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
anrycr.
Vnorpexnar ce cmnre pacrnrennn uacrn xaro na neuenara pyxa.
CEM. BRCHOPTBHEBH THYMELAEACEAE
Bncno psnue Daphne me:ereum L.
Hncronano xpacrue, nncoxo o 2 m, c nsnpanenn nnn nsxoxmn, cnao pasxnonenn xnonxn c
xnrennxanocnna xopa, n ropnara cn uacr npnnernano nnaxnecrn. Hncrara npocrn,
nocneonarennn, cpann no npxonere na xnonxnre, nrn 3-10 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-2,5 cm,
nenoxpann, nponronaro oparno xnennnn, saocrpenn, nocrenenno crecnenn n xca
pxxa, cnao pecnnuecrn. Hneronere ce noxnxnar pano nanponer npen pasnncrnanero,
cnnpanno npxy crapnre xnonxn, npncenann, pasnonoxenn no 2-5 n nasnnre na
mnnanoronmnnre nncra, opasynamn pexann xnaconnnn cnnernx; nneronere ca npannnnn
nnn cnao nenpannnnn, cc cnnen apomar n ca es npnnncrnnnn. Oxononnernnxr npocr,
nenuennen, 4-enen, c npnnernano pecnnuecra rpnna, nra 6-8 mm, n c rnn, xnennnn
pasnepenn enuera. Tnunnxnre 8. unnxr ropen, enornesen, c xco crnue n ronxmo
xnecro nnsanne. Hnor xocrnnxon, xnonnen o xnennen, ron, c xpxouepnena mececra
onnnxa. O1ponno! (rano 72, ]nr. 1).
(174)
Cpema ce ns cenuecrn n xamennnnn mecra nn ncnuxn nnannncxn onacrn na Fnrapnx mexy
600 n 2000 m n. n. H]rn npes mapr n anpnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopara my (Cortex Mezerei) Vnorpexna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
CEM. BAATHEBH LYIHRACEAE
Onxnonena na1nn Lvthrum salicaria h.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, nourn 4-pecro crno, nncoxo o 2 m,
npocro nnn pasxnoneno n ropnara cn uacr, xconnaxnecro, pxxo nourn rono. Hncrara
npncenann, n ocnonara cn cpnennnn, onnnre cpemynonoxnn nnn n npemnenn no 3-4,
nannernn o ynxeno ennnrnunn, nrn 3-12 cm, mnpoxn 1-2 cm, nnaxnecrn, cpennre
cpemynonoxnn, ropnnre uecro nocneonarennn, xm npxa onxnoneno saocrpenn,
nenoxpann. Hneronere c xca pxxa (1-2 mm), c na manxn onannnn npnnnernnxa, cpann
no 2-4 n nasnnre na na-ropnnre nncra n opasynamn xnaconnno nnn rposonnno cnnerne.
uamxara 6-nncrna, cpacnana n rpnna, nra 4-8 mm, na npxa cn c 6 sena, mexy xonro ca
pasnonoxenn 6 ocra epn npnartunn suera, nrn 2-3 mm. Benuenncruerara 6, posono-
nnoneronn o enn, nponronaro oparno xnennnn, na npxa onxnoneno saxprnenn,
nrn 8-12 mm. Tnunnxnre 12. unnxr ropen. Hnor rona xyrnxa, pasnyxnama ce
nanxno na ne (rano 71, ]nr. 6).
Ho nnaxnn mecra, xpa pexn n nara n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n.
n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar npxnnre crnenn uacrn c nneronere (pora Herba
Salicariae). Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
CPACAOBEHEHHH PACTEHHR
1. Hapasnrnn pacrennx es senenn nncra..................2
1*. Pacrennx cc senenn nncra........................3
2. Pacrennx c eeno nsnpaneno mececro crno ..............
................... Iopcxa maxa Lathraea squamaria L.
2*. Pacrennx c rnxo, nnmxonnno crno, ynnnamo ce no pyrn pacrennx, no xonro
napasnrnpa...............................
................. Cem. Kyxynnuonpexonn Cuscutaceae
3. Hneronere cpann n xomnnuxa n onnrn c oma onnnxa or na-rop-nnrenncra...............
Cem,. Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae
3*. Hneronere pasnonoxenn no pyr naunn, pxxo opasynar rnannuxn, no rorana ca es oma
onnnxa nnn nncrara ca cpann no 4 nnn noneue n npemnenn.......................................4
4. unnxr onen................................
................. Heuena nnxnxa Jaleriana officinalis L.
4*. unnxr ropen ..............................5
5. unnxr nnmno pasenen na 2 nnn 4 uacrn, mexy xonro nsnnsa
crnuero.......................................6
5*. unnxr nxn................................7
6. Hncrara nocneonarennn. Tnunnxnre 5. Hneronere npannnnn.....
.................... Cem.Ipananonncrnn Boraginaceae
(175)
6*. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn. Tnunnxnre 4. Hneronere nenpannnnn, nyycrnn...................
Cem.Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae
7. Hncxn xpacrn nnn penn, nnsxmn no semxra xpacruera........
.......................... Cem.Hnpenonn Ericaceae
7*. Tpenncrn pacrennx.............................8
8. Hneronere nenpannnnn............................
................ Kyuemxo xnnennue Scrophularia canina L.
8*. Hneronere npannnnn............................9
9. Tnunnxnre pasnonoxenn mexy neneunnre xnone............
......................... Cem.Hrnnxonn Primulaceae
9*. Tnunnxnre pasnonoxenn cpemy mexnnnre na neneunnre xnone . .
.............................................10
10. Fnarno pacrenne c nncra na nra pxxa, nsnnsama nanpano or xopennmero ...............
Iopunnue Menvanthes trifoliata L.
10*. Cyxosemnn pacrennx c pasnnro crno n nncra c pyra ]opma ....
.............................................11
11. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn. Hneronere nnnnnpnunn c pasnepena xoponxa, cpann n
mernnuecrn cnnernx.......................
.............. uepnen xanrapnon Centaurium ervthraea Raf.
11*. Hncrara nocneonarennn. Hneronere ennnunn, c ]ynnennno nenue...Onxnonena
nonernna Convolvulus arvensis L.
CEM. HHPEHOBH ERICACEAE
1. Hncrara nrnonnnn ..............................
....................... Kanyna Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.
1*. Hncrara nnocxn...............................2
2. Manxn nnannncxn xpacruera c onannnn nncra.............3
2*. Xpacruera n xpacrn c neunosenenn nncra................4
3. Hncrara nannno nenoxpann........................
................. Cnnx oponnnxa Jaccinium uliginosum L.
3*. Hncrara no xpax nasenn..........................
................. uepna oponnnxa Jaccinium mvrtillus L.
4. Hneronere no-nrn or 1 cm c noxo 5-enno nenue. Hnor pasnyx-
nnna xyrnxa......................................
.......... Crpanxancxa senennxa Rhododendron ponticum L.
4*. Hneronere no-xcn or 1 cm, na npxa cn c 5 sena. Hnor xoxnuxa nnn
couen........................................5
5. Hnor couen. Hncrara no pa cn ronn..................
............. . . uepnena oponnnxa Jaccinium vitis-idaea L.
5*. Hnor xoxnuxa. Hncrara no pa cn c rcrn n xpann nnacnnxn (nyna) ........... Meuo
rpose Arctostaphvlos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kanyna Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.
Beunosenen xpacr c nsnpanenn xnonn, or nourn ronn o rcro nnaxnecrn, nncox 70-80 cm,
pxxo o 1,5 m.Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, penn, nnnenn, nrn 2,5-3,5 mm, xepemnoopasno
npnnoxpnnamn ce, rpnpecrn, c nsnxnana ropna n nnnara onna crpana, cc crpenonnna
ocnona, no pa rpanann or ronemnx po xcn uernnxn. Hneronere penn, posonn, cpann
nn npxnn mnoronnernn rposonnnn cnnernx. uamxara 4-enna, c nrn 3,0-3,5 mm, posono
oarpenn nenuennnn nncruera, no xonro ce namnpar 4
(176)
xnennnn npnnnernn nncruera, opasynamn nropa, nxnnna uamxa. Benuero cmo c 4
nncruera, noxo 4-enno, xamanonnno, no-xco or uamxara, neoposono. Tnunnxnre 8.
unnxr ropen, cc crnue, manxo no-nro or uamxara. Hnor 4-rnesna xco nnaxnecra
xyrnxa (rano 72, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn n oesnecenn repenn n xpa onn ropn n Crpanxa nnannna o 500 m n.
n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre xnonxn (pora Herba Callunae).
C1panaancxa senennxa Rhododendronponticum L.
Hsnpanen, cnnno pasxnonen neunosenen xpacr nnn nncxo pnue, nncoxo o 8 m. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, nrn 6-25 cm, mnpoxn 2-5 cm, ynxeno ennnrnunn, cnao saocrpenn,
crecnenn xm ocnonara n npemnnanamn n pxxa, nra 1-2,5 cm, ronn, nenoxpann, xoxecrn.
Hneronere epn, 4-6 cm n namerp, ennnunn nnn no nxxonxo cpann nn npxnn uapecrn
ctnnernx; nnernnre pxxn nrn .1-3,5 cm, ronn. uamxara n nenuero 5-ennn. uamxara
ncxonnna, rona c 5 rpnrnnn suera n ropnnx cn xpa, nrn 1-2 mm. Benuero nro 3,5-6
cm, 4-6 cm n namerp, ]ynnennno, nnonerono-posono o neoposono, cc saxprnenn
neneunn xnone, nnnrxo npxsann na npxa; rpnnara nra 1,5-2 cm. Tnunnxnre 10.
unnxr ropen, cc crnue, nro 4,5-7 cm, nannmanamo neneunnre xnone. Hnor cyxa
nnnnnpnuna 5-rnesna xyrnxa, nra 17-28 mm. O1ponno!(rano 72, ]nr. 3).
Hs cenuecrn ropncrn mecra, rnanno xaro nonec n yxonn ropn n Crpanxa nnannna. H]rn
npes ma n mnn.
B mennnnara ce ynorpexnar nncrara, xnonnre n nneronere.
Meuo rpose Arctostaphvlos uva-ursi (X.J Spreng.)
Beunoseneno nonernano nnn npnnonnramo ce, rcro onncreno xpacr -ue, nncoxo o 1 m.
Hncrara nocneonarennn, nrn 12-30 mm, mnpoxn 4-12 mm, nponronaro oparno xnennnn
o nonaronnnn, nenoxpann, nocrenenno npemnnanamn n xca pxxa (o 3 mm), orony c
xcno nsnxnana mpexa or xnnxn, ronn, camo no pa cn c rcrn, xpann nnacnnxn, orrope no-
rmno, orony no-cnerno senenn. Hneronere penn, nrn 5-6 mm, xnecrn, posonn o enn,
cpann nn npxnn ynncnann rposonnnn cnnernx; nnernnre pxxn nrn 1,5-2,5 mm, c
xnnnonnen npnnnernnx npn ocnonara nm. uamxara n nenuero snnuennnn, c no 5 sena na
npxa, xaro nenuero e nourn 2 nrn no-nro or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 10. unnxr ropen.
Hnor uepnen, c]epnuen, oxono 10 mm n namerp (rano 73, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn xamennnnn n cxannn nonxnn n ns nrnonncrnnre ropn na 3anana n Cpena Crapa
nnannna, Bnroma, Pnna, 3anann n Cpenn Poonn, Hnpnn, Cnanxnxa, Fenacnna n
Ocoroncxara nnannna mexy 1000 n 2500 m n. n. H]rn npes ronn n mnn.
Henno neeuno pacrenne, unnro nncra, cpann no npeme na n]rexa, npecrannxnar porara
Folia uvae-ursi. Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Hepnena oponnnxa, xoxos Jaccinium vitis-idaea L.
peno neunoseneno xpacrue c nonernann nnn npnnonnramn ce xnonxn, nncoxn o 30 cm,
nnaxnecrn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, ennnrnunn nnn opar-
(177)
no onannn, nrn 5-30 mm, mnpoxn 3-12 mm, nourn nenoxpann, na npxa saxprnenn nnn
cnao npxsann, orony cc cnernoxa]xnn npncenann xnesn; nncrnnre pxxn nrn 1-3 mm,
nnaxnecrn. Hneronere cpann no 3-10 nn npxnn rposonnnn cnnernx c rcro xnesncrn
pecnnuecrn nnernn pxxn. uamxara c 4-5 sena, xnesncro pecnnuecra. Benuero xnecro,
neoposono, nro 5-8 mm, 4-5-enno. Tnunnxnre 8, no-pxxo 10. unnxr onen. Hnor
c]epnuna, 5-10 mm n namerp, couna uepnennxana xroa, (rano 73, ]nr. 2).
Ho xamennnnn n cxannn nonxnn n nrnonncrnn ropn n Cpena n 3anana Crapa nnannna,
Bnroma, Pnna, 3anann n Cpenn Poonn, Hnpnn, Fenacnna, Cpena ropa. Hnana, Hosencxa
nnannna n Cenremnpncxn pn (Hxrnmancxo). H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nncrara (pora Folia Vitis idaeae), xonro ce cnpar
npen n]rexa. Vnorpexnar ce n n naponara mennnna.
Cnnn oponnnxa Jaccinium uliginomm L.
Hncxo xpacrue, nncoxo o 50 cm, c nsnpanenn xnonxn. Hncrara ennnrnunn nnn oparno
xnennnn, nrn 5-30 mm, mnpoxn 4-15 mm, na xca pxunna (1-1,5 mm). Hneronere no 1-3 n
rpynn, pasnonoxenn no npxonere na crapnre xnonxn, neoposonn. Hnernnre pxxn nrn
2-4 mm, ronn. uamxara nourn o ocnonara cn 4-5-enna. Benuero nro 4-5 mm, nsyro, c 4-5
sena na npxa. Tnunnxnre 8-9. unnxr onen. Hnor nourn c]epnuen, 7-10 mm n
namerp, cnnxan cc senennxana mececra uacr (rano 73, ]nr. 3).
Ho xamennnnn n cxannn repenn npenmno nn nncoxonnannncxnx noxc na Cpena n 3anana
Crapa nnannna, Cpena ropa, Bnroma, Pnna, Hnpnn, 3anann n Cpenn Poonn, Ocorono n
Kpnann xamx (Tpncxo). H]rn ma anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Hepna oponnnxa, pycnnxa Jaccinium mvrtillus L.
Manxo nncronano xpacrue, nncoxo 15-50 cm, c pecrn, rxcno xpnnarn xnonxn. Hncrara
nocneonarennn, nrn 1-3 cm, mnpoxn 6-15 mm, xnennnn nnn nponronaro xnennnn,
cnrno nasenn, crecnenn xm npxa cn, ronn, c xca pxunna (1-1,5 mm). Hneronere
ennnunn, n nasnnre na nncrara, c pxunna, nra 2,5-4,0 mm. uamxara nannuxonnna, nourn
nxna. Benuero 4-5-enno, posono-seneno, snnuennno, nro 4-6 mm. Tnunnxnre 8-10.
unnxr onen. Hnor c]epnuna cnnxanouepna xroa, 6-10 mm n namerp (rano 73, ]nr.
4).
Ho xamennnnn, cxannn nonxnn, nncoxonnannncxn nacnma, rop]nma n nrnonncrnn ropn.
Cpema ce xaro onxnoneno pacrenne nn ncnuxn no-nncoxn nnannnn n Fnrapnx mexy 1000 n
2500 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nncrara (pora Folia Myrtilli), xonro ce cnpar
npes mnn n anrycr, .n nnoonere (pora Fructus Myrtilli). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara
mennnna.
CEM. HIAHKOBH PRIMULACEAE
1. Benuenncruerara cnernoposonn, opnarn nasa. Hncrara nancrpe-
nn. Pacrenne c rpyxa.................................
................ Ecenno yrypue CvclamenhederifoliumAit.
(178)
1*. Benuenncruerara uepnenn nnn cnnn, nsnpanenn. Pacrenne c rnxo, nsnpaneno onncreno
crno n es rpyxa .. Ornnnue Anagalis arvensis L.
Ecenno y1ypue Cvclamen hederifolium Ait. (C. neapolitanum Ten.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nosemna cnnecxana rpyxa, 3-15 cm n namerp. Hncrara
nsnnsar nanpano or rpyxara, na nra pxxa (10-20 cm), n omoro cn ouepranne ca
saxprnenn, nrn 3-14 cm, mnpoxn 2-10 cm, c 5-7 nnnrxo nasenn xna, n ocnonara cn
cpnennnn, ronn, npesn-mynamn. Hneronere ennnunn, epn, na pxxa, nra o 20 cm,
nsnnsama or rpyxara, no-nra or nncrara. uamxara 5-enna, nra 2,5-3,5 mm, c xnennnn
nnn rpnrnnn saocrpenn enuera. Benuero 15-25 mm n namerp, ccraneno or 5 ocra nrn,
cpacnann n ocnonara cn n opnarn nasa cnerno-posonn nncruera. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr
ropen. Hnor xnecra xyrnxa, nra 6-10 mm; nnonnre pxxn ce sannnar cnnpanno n
sapanxr nnoa n nounara, xero yspxna. O1ponno!(rano 72, ]nr. 4).
Ho xamennnnn mecra n xpacranann n cenepnnre npennannncxn cxnonone na Crapa nnannna
(Tpnoncxo n p.), Hsrounn n Cpenn Poonn, Cpena ropa, Hosencxa nnannna, Crpymcxara
onnna, Konxncxa nnannna, Cnanxnxa, onnnara na p. Mecra n na pyrn mecra oxm 600 m n.
n. H]rn anrycr oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar rpyxnre (pora Tubera Cyclaminis). Vnorpexna ce
n n naponara mennnna.
Ornnnue Anagalis arvensis L.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rono rpenncro pacrenne c npnnonnramo ce nnn nsnpaneno
crno, nncoxo 10-30 cm, uernpnpecro, pasxnoneno or ocnonara cn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
npncenann, xnennnn nnn nponronaro xnennnn, orony c uepnn rounnn, nrn o 1,5
cm, mnpoxn o 1 cm, nenoxpann. Hneronere no enn n nasnnre na nncrara, na nra pxxa
(o 3,5 cm), snaunrenno ynxanama ce cne npen]rxnanero. uamxara nra 4-5 mm, nourn
o ocnonara cn 5-enna, cc cnrno nasenn ronn xnnnonnnn xnone. Benuero opanxeno-
uepneno nnn cnnto, ncxonnno, mnpoxo 6-7 mm, nourn o ocnonara cn 5-enno, c oparno
xnennnn, cnao nspxsann enuera, mnpoxn 8-13 mm, no rpa cn cnrno pecnnuecrn.
Tnunnxnre 5, cpacnann n ocnonara cn. unnxr ropen. Hnor xnecra pasnyxnama ce
xyrnxa, nra 1-1,5 mm, rona (rano 74, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn mecra, opnnnn, xpa nrnma n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n.
H]rn ma cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nxnara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Anagalis), xoxro
ce cnpa npes mnn n anrycr. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Br. u npu ou.ru cc cuuu u cuuio-euo.emoeu eemoee.
CEM. THHTRBOBH OENTIANACEAE
Hepnen xan1apnon Centaurium ervthraeaRaf. (Ervthraeacentaurium Pers.f)
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo 30-40 cm, rono,
uernpnpecro, pasxnoneno n ropnara cn uacr. Hpnoc-
(179)
nonnnre nncra cpann n poserxa, nponronaro oparno xnennnn, nrn 0,5-2 cm, rnn;
crnennre cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro nannernn nnn nnneno-nannernn, nrn 3-4 cm,
saocrpenn, ncnuxn nenoxpann. Hneronere cpann na npxa na crnoro n pasxnonennxra my
n mnoronnernn mnronnnn mernnnn. uamxara nn nn na rpnna, na ropnnx cn xpa 5-enna.
Benuero onxnoneno posono-uepneno, cpacnano n rxcna rpnna, na npxa c 5-enna xoponxa.
Tnunnxnre 5, npnxpenenn c pxxnre cn xm rpnnara na nenuero. unnxr c rnxo
crnue n nypasenno nnsanne. Hnor xyrnxa, nra oxono 10 mm. Honxxora nncrara,
uamxara n npnnnernnnnre ca cnrno xnesncrn (rano 74, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, ns nnnan, xpacranann n p. n nxnara crpana oxm
1500 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre crpxone (pora Herba Centaurii),
orpxsann na 15-20 cm no npxa. Hma mnoro ronxma ynorpea n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. IOPHHBHEBH MENYANTHACEAE
Iopunnue Menvanthes trifoliata L.
Mnororonmno narno rpenncro pacrenne c nnsxmo xopennme. Hncrara npnxpenenn nanpano
xm xopennmero na nrn ronn pxxn (10-20 cm), pasmnpenn n ocnonara cn n nnnecro
nnarannme, c 3-enna nerypa, c nenoxpann ennnrnunn xnone, nrn 3-12 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-5
cm. Hneronocnnxr crpx esnncren, nncox 15-40 cm, a cnnernero npxno, rposonnno, nro
2-7 cm n ce ynxana cne npen]rxnanero. uamxara 5-nncrna, cpacnana o cpeara, nra 2-3
mm. Benuero posono, ]ynnennno, 10-14 mm n namerp, c nra rpnna, c noxo
pasenena xoponxa, xnonere na xoxro ca noxpnrn ornrpe c rcrn nnacnnxn. Tnunnxnre 5.
unnxr ropen, c nnmxonnno crnue n nyenno nnsanne. Hnor nourn ronuecra
xyrnxa, 7-8 mm n namerp, pasnyxnama ce no na mena (rano 74, ]nr. 3).
Hs sanarenn mecra n rop]nma rnanno n nnannnnre. Cpema ce pxxo n 3anana Crapa nnannna
(Herpoxan), 3anann n Cpenn Poonn, Pnna, Hnpnn (Hononn nnnan), Bnroma, n
Camoxoncxo n Cranxenmnrponcxo none. H]rn mnn anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar nncrara (pora Herba TriIolii Iibrini), xonro ce
cnpar n xpax na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce mnpoxo n n naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Ce+. Kvrveu:onperooeu Cuscutaceae. Eeponecra rvrveu:a nperoa
Cuscuta europaea L Ce+. Hoeemuoeu Convolvulucaeae. Oouruoeeua no-eemua
Convolvulus arvensis L. (er. npu ou.ru c oe.u eemoee)
CEM. IPAHABOAHCTHH BORAGINACEAE
1. Ornopr na neneunara rpnna nourn sarnopen c 5 nspacrxa.....
................. Heuena naymxa Cvnoglossum officinale I..
1*. Ornopr na neneunara rpnna ne e sarnopen c nspacrnn......2
2. uamxara pasceuena na-mnoro o cpeara.................
............... Heuena meynnna Pulmonaria officinalis L.
2*. uamxara pasceuena nourn o ocnonara...................
. . . Bnonerono nrnue npoco Lithospermumpurpureo-coeruleum L.
(180)
Bnone1ono n1nue npoco Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c 2-3 crna, ornauano nsnpanenn, nncoxn 50-60 cm, no-
xcno nonernann, noxpnrn c pasnepenn uernnxn, cc crepnnnn nsnxn, xonro ce nxopenxnar n
xpanmara cn. Hncrara nocneonarennn, na nara xpax saocrpenn, nrn 3-8 cm, mnpoxn 0,7-1,5
cm, mexn, c npn-nernann uernnxn, nenoxpann, es saenexnmn crpannunn xnnxn. Hneronere
c xca pxxa, npannnnn, cpann nn npxnn onncrenn cnnpannn cnnernx. uamxara 5-
enna, pasceuena nourn o ocnonara, nra 6-8,5 mm, cc saocrpenn nnnenn enuera. Benuero
]ynnennno, nro 14-19 mm, ornauano uepneno, no-xcno cnnto, nourn 2 nrn no-nro or
uamxara; neneunara rp-nna ornrpe c 5 nanxnn pea or nnacnnxn. Tnunnxnre 5.
unnxr ropen, 4-enen. Hnor ce pasnaa na 4 opexuera, nrn 3,5-5 mm, saxprnenn
(rano 75, ]nr. 1).
Hs xpacranann n ropn nourn n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Aeuena ueynnna Pulmonaria officinalis L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npano crno, nncoxo 15-40 cm, noxpnro c pasnepenn
uernnxn n xcn xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Hpnocnonnnre nncra (xonro ce noxnxnar cne
npen]rxnanero) c nrn pxxn (o 15 cm), cc cpnennno-xnennnn nenoxpann nerypn,
saocrpenn, nrn o 15 cm, mnpoxn o 10 cm, rpanano uernnecro nnaxnecrn c xapaxrepnn
enesnnxann nerna. Crnennre nncra nocneonarennn, nourn 2 nrn no-manxn (4-6 cm nrn
n 1-2 cm mnpoxn), onnnre c pxxa, ropnnre npncenann. Hneronere c xca pxxa,
ynncnann, pasnonoxenn na npxa na crnoro, ornauano uepnenn, no-xcno rmnonnoneronn.
uamxara nnnrxo 5-enna, no npeme na n]rexa 6-8 mm, a npn nnoonere nra 9-12 mm.
Benuero ]ynnennno, na npxa cn 5-enno, nro 13-18 mm, c 5 cnonuera nnacnnxn npn
ornopa na rpnna-ra. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Opexerara xprno onannn, nrn 3,5-4
mm, rnaxn, ncxann (rano 75, ]nr.2).
Hs xpacranann n ropn npenmno n npennannncxnx n nnannncxnx noxc oxm 1600 m n. n.
H]rn mapr mnn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Pulmonariae), xoxro ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa. Hamnpa mnpoxo npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Br. u npu ou.ru cc cuuu u cuuioeuo.emoeu eemoee.
Aeuena nayuxa Cvnoglosmm officinale L.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, rcro mexo oxocmeno crno, nncoxo 40-80 cm.
Hncrara nponronaro ennnrnunn nnn nannernn; onnnre cpann n poserxa, na pxxa,
nra 10-20 cm; crnennre npncenann, nocneonarennn, nonyoxnamamn crnoro, nrn 5-
15 cm, mnpoxn 0,7-3 cm, nnaxnecrn. Cnnernero pasmnpena nnpamnanna mernnna c manx
po nnerone. Hnernnre pxxn oxocmenn, ronnno nsnnrn naony. uamxara 5-enna, cc
snn, nrn oxono .4 mm. Benuero ]ynnennno, 7-10 mm n namerp, c 5 nmcnnuxn npn
ornopa my, xpxouepneno nnn cnernouepneno. Tnunnxnre 5. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara
cnnecxann, nrn 5-8 mm, c xyxecrn mnnuera (rano 75, ]nr. 3).
(181)
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n pyepannsnpann mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn
mnn.
Ho-pano ce e ynorpexnana n mennnnara xaro pora Herba Cynoglossi. Cera ce nsnonsyna
camo n naponara mennnna
CEM. YCTHOHBETHH - LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
1. Iopnara ycrna nnncna, onnara 5-enna .................
............................. Honue TeucriumL.
1*. Benuero xcno nyycrno..........................2
2. Tnunnxnre 2........ Mycxarna xaxyna Salvia sclarea L.
2*. Tnunnxnre 4.................................3
3. Hncrara noxo nanennno pasceuenn n cnaenn c nra pxxa . ....................
xnoncxa ycra Leonuruscardiaca L.
3*. Hncrara c pyra ]opma..........................4
4. uamxara mnpoxo snnuennna, nra 1,5-2 cm, mnpoxa 1 cm. Hneronere epn, nrn 2,5-4
cm...............................
..................... Komyrnna Melittis melissophvllum L.
4*. uamxara nnnnnpnuna, mnoro no-xca n rxcna. Hneronere no-penn
............................................5
5. uamxara xcno nyycrna. onnara ycrna c 2, ropnara c 3 sena ... 6 5*. uamxara ne e
nyycrna..........................7
6. Bcnuxnre nncra nenn, nenoxpann, penn. Tnunnxnre onxnoneno crpuar orcrpann na
ropnara ycrna........ Mamepxa Thvmus L.
6*. Hncrara onxnoneno nasenn nnn nspxsann. Tnunnxnre cxpnrn no ropnara ycrna.............
uepnonpx Clinopodium vulgare L.
7. B ocnonara na onnara ycrna npxy ropnara n nonpxnocr ce namnpar na cnnno nsnxnann
xonnunn nspacrxa...................
................. Hernncra yapnna GaleopsistetrahitL.
7*. onnara ycrna es noonn nspacrnn.................8
8. Hpnnnernnnnre ennnrnuno xnennnn, noxpnnamn ce xepemnoo-pasno, xm xpax na
n]rexa opasynar xnacuera, cpann n mernnna. Tnunnxonnre pxxn (n ropnara cn uacr)
pasnepenn ncrpann..............
........................... Pnran Origanum vulgareL.
8*. Hpnnnernnnnre c pyra ]opma. Tnunnxnre ne ca pasnepenn.....9
9. Hncrara nenoxpann.............................
................ Hnannncxa uypnna Saturefa montana L.
9*. Hncrara nasenn............................10
10. uamxara c 10 noxn nanxnn pasn. Hneronere cpann n rpynn, cnaenn c oma
pxxa.............................
............................. Kanena Balloia nigra L.
10*. uamxara es noxn nanxnn pasn. Hneronere ne ca cpann n rpyna c oma pxxa
................ Pannnncr Stachvs L.
Hosnue TeucriumL.
1. Hncrara c xca pxxa. Hneronere no 2-6 n nasnnre na nncrara, xaro npemnennre ca
cnnxenn n ce opasyna npxno rposonnno cnnerne .... ................. Onxnoneno nonue
T. chamaedrvs L.
1*. Hncrara npncenann. Hneronere no 2-6 n nasnnre na nncrara, no nnernnre npemnenn ca
pasaneuenn n ne ce opasyna npxno cnnerne .... ...................... Hyxono nonue
T.scordiumL.
(182)
Ayxono nosnue Teuciium scordium L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnxn, mnpnmemn na nyx. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
oxocmeno, uernpnpecro, nncoxo 10-40 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nponronaro
xnennnn nnn nponronarn, nrn 1,5-3 cm, mnpoxn 4-12 mm, epo nasenn. Hneronere
nenpannnnn, nrn 8-10 mm, c xca pxxa. uamxara nra 3-5 mm, rpecro-snnuennna, c 5
saocrpenn sena, nnnecra. Benuero uepneno, pxxo xno c uepnenn rouxn, nro 6-10 mm, 2
nrn no-nro or uamxara, nyycrno, no ropnara ycrna npnnnno nnncna, r xaro e
pasnenena na ne, xaro nere nononnnxn ce nsmecrnar xm onnara ycrna, nopan xoero rx
nsrnexa 5-enna. Tnunnxnre 4 n crpuar nsnn nenuero, xaro crpannunnre ne ca no-nrn
or cpennre. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara nrn oxono 1 mm, xa]xnn (rano 75, ]nr. 4).
Ho nnaxnn necxnnnn mecra, nnnan, xpa pexn, n nsxonn npenmno n no-ronnnre uacrn na
crpanara oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Onxnoneno nosnue Teuciium chamaedrvs L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nonernann nnn nsnpanenn uernpn-pecrn crna,
nncoxn o 50 cm, n ocnonara cn cnao npnenenn, pasxnonenn, noxpnrn, xaxro n nncrara, c
nrn pasnepenn nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c xca pxxa, xm ocnonara
xnnnonnnn, nrn 1-4,5 cm, mnpoxn 0,5-2 cm, or ncxxa crpana c no 4-8 nourn rnn sena.
Hnernnre npemnenn ca n ropnara uacr na crnoro n opasynar rposonnno cnnerne.
uamxara rpecra, c 5 sena. Benuero nenpannnno, nyycrno, npnnnno enoycrno, nro
10-16 mm, nourn 2 nrn no-nro or uamxara, posono-uepneno, pxxo xno. Tnunnxnre 4.
unnxr ropen. Hnor cyx, pasnaam ce na 4 opexuera (rano 76, ]nr. 1).
Ho rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n. n. H]rn ma cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Teucrii chamaedrys nnn
Herba Chamaedrys), xoxro ce cnpa no npeme na n]rexa, es npnocnonnnre npnenenn
uacrn na crnara. Hsnonsyna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Komy1nna Melittis melissophvllum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno uernpnpecro nepas-xnoneno crno, nncoxo
20-70 cm, nnnecro oxocmeno.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, epn, nrn 2-15 cm, mnpoxn 2-8 cm, nponronarn o onannn,
nasenn, c pexn nnacnnxn n c pxxa, nra o 3 cm. Hneronere nenpannnnn, no 1-3 n
nasnnre na ropnnre nncra, c pxxa, nra 4-10 mm. uamxara mnpoxo snnuennna, c 10
xnnxn, nra 1,5-2,5 cm, mnpoxa 1 cm, cnao nyycrna, c nrn pasnepenn nnacnnxn. Benuero
nro 25-40 mm, nyycrno, posono, xno nnn xpxouepneno, nourn rono; ropnara my ycrna
nnnara, onnara 3-enna, cpennxr xn na xoxro e nourn 2 nrn no-nr or crpannunnre,
na npxa pasmnpen n no pa nasen. Tnunnxnre 4, pasnonoxenn ycnopeno no ropnara
ycrna. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara xnennnn, nrn 4-5 mm, ronn, cnnecxann (rano 75, ]nr.
5).
Cpema ce ocra uecro ns xpacranann n ropn nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn ma anrycr.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
(183)
He1nnc1a yapnna Galeopsis tetrahit L.
Enoronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno uernpnpecro crno, nncoxo 15-50 cm, cnnno
oxocmeno, pasxnoneno, no nsnnre uecro saeeneno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, onnnre
xnennnn, no-narope xnennno-nannernn nnn nannernn, saocrpenn, nasenn, oxocmenn,
nrn 3-8 cm, mnpoxn 1,5-5 cm, c pxxn, nrn o 4 cm. Hneronere nenpannnnn, cpann no
2-7 n rcrn npemnenn no npxonere na pasxnonennxra, c nannernn, saocrpenn npnnnernnnn.
uamxara rpecro-snnuennna, nra 12-14 mm, c 5 onnnn, saocrpenn sena. Benuero
posono nnn nypnypno, nyycrno, c uepnonnoneronn nerna or nrpemnara crpana, ocoeno no
onnara ycrna, nro 15-30 mm, c rpnna, manxo no-nra or uamxara, n ropnara cn uacr
pasmnpena. Iopnara neneuna ycrna nnnara nn nn na mnem n nasena; onnara rpnenna
c oparno cpnennen cpeen xn, npn ocnonara cn cnaen c na xyxn nspacrxa xaro
poruera. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn no ropnara ycrna, nere no-xcn. unnxr ropen. Hnor
cyx, pasnaam ce na 4 cnnecxann opexuera n noro na uamxara (rano 76, ]nr. 2).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra n ns nocennre n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1500 m n. n.
H]rn mnn anrycr.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsyna n]rxmara nasemna uacr (pora Herba Galeopsidis).
nnoncxa yc1a Leonurus cardiaca L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npnenxno xco xopennme. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
uernpnpecro, xyxo, nncoxo o 2 m, cnnno pasxnoneno, uecro uepnenonnonerono n noxpnro c
nnacnnxn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c mexn nnacnnxn nnn nourn ronn, onnnre saxprnenn nnn
xnennnn, na nra pxxa (o 4 cm), nourn o cpeara cn nanennno.3-7-ennn, nrn 7-12
cm; ropnnre nponronaro ennnrnunn nnn nannernn, n ocnonara cn xnnnonnnn, nnnrxo 3-
ennn, c nannernn, pxxo ocrpo nasenn xnone. Hneronere nenpannnnn, npncenann,
pasnonoxenn no 10-20 n npemnenn n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra n opasynar nro o 30 cm
xnaconnno cnnerne c pasaneuenn npemnenn, c nnnenn npnnnernnnn, nrn o 3 mm.
uamxara rpecro-snnuennna, nra 3-8 mm, nourn rona, c 5 rnpn, saxpnnenn nann
sena. Benuero cnernouepneno, rpecro, n ocnonara cn ornrpe c npcren or nnacnnxn,
nyycrno ropnara ycrna nrnecra, nnnara; onnara 3-enna, c rnn xnone. Tnunnxnre
4, crpuamn nsnn neneunara rpnna, nere no-xcn. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyx, pasnaam
ce na 4 rpncrennn opexuera (rano 76, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna n]rxmara nasemna uacr saeno c nncrara (pora
Herba Leonuri). Vnorpexna ce n n naponara mennnna.
Kanena Ballota nigra L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, cnnno pasxnoneno n oxocmeno crno, nncoxo
o 130 cm, uernpnpecro, no-xcno uepnennxano nnn cnntonnonerono. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, xnennnn, onnnre saxprnenn, c pxxa, nra o 5 cm; ropnnre saocrpenn,
nasenn, nrn 3-10 cm, mnpoxn 2-6 cm, nourn npncenann. Hneronere nenpannnnn, na
pxxa, nra 1-1,5 cm, cpann no 4-10 n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra na rpynn npxy o-
(184)
ma nnerna pxxa n nonycennnnn, c xcn saocrpenn npnnnernnnn. uamxara rpecro-
snnuennna, nra 9-13 mm, c 5 enaxnn mnnonnnn sena, npannnna, oxocmena. Benuero
posononnonerono, pxxo xno, oxocmeno, ornrpe c npcren or nnacnnxn, nyycrno ropnara
ycrna ynxena, cnao nnnara, onnara 3-enna, c no-ep oparno cpnennen xn.
Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn no ropnara ycrna, nere no-xcn. unnxr ropen. Opexuerara
xnennnn, rnaxn (rano 78, ]nr. 1).
Ho ypenxcann mecra, xpa croopnre n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1200 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Pannnnc1 Stachvs L.
1. Beneunara rpnna ornrpe es npcren or nnacnnxn. Hneronocnnxr crpx esnncren nnn
camo c 2-3 un]ra nncra. uamxara c 5 xnnxn ...... .................. Heueen pannnncr Stachvs
officinalis L.
1*. Beneunara rpnna ornrpe xm ropnnx cn xpa c npcren or nnacnnxn. Hneronocnoro
crno pannomepno onncreno or no-ronxm po nncra.
uamxara c 10 xnnxn..................................
. . . . .......... Iepmancxn pannnncr Stachvs germanica L.
Iepuancxn pannnnc1 Stachvs germanica L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, npocro nnn cnao pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo
o 120 cm, rcro pasnepeno, oxocmeno. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, enonnnecrn, nasenn;
onnnre xnennnn nnn nponronaro xnennnn, nrn o 12 cm, n mnpoxn o 6 cm, cc
cpnennna ocnona, c nra pxxa; ropnnre nponronarn, npncenann. Hneronere nourn
npncenann n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra npemnennre cnrn, ccranenn or ronxm po
nnerone (10-50), rcro noxpnrn c nrn enn nnacnnxn n opasynamn npnnnno xnaconnno
cnnerne. uamxara rpecra, nra 6-12 mm, 5-enna, c neenaxnn snn. Benuero
cnernoposono, nyycrno, c oxocmena ropna ycrna, nro 15-25 mm. Tnunnxnre 4,cxpnrn no
ropnara ycrna. unnxr ropen. Hnor pasnyxnnn na 4 opexuera (rano 77, ]nr. 2).
Ho rpenncrnre n ypennnnn mecra n ns xpacranannre ns nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1200 m n. n.
H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Aeueen pannnnc1 Stachvs officinalis (L.J Trev.)
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco xopennme n nsnpaneno uern-pnpecro crno,
nncoxo o 1 m, nepasxnoneno, noxpnro c opnarn naony rnpn nnacnnxn, c 2-3 noxn
pasaneuenn crnenn nncra. Ocranannre nncra pasnonoxenn n poserxa npn ocnonara na
crnoro; re ca nponronaro xnennnn, n ocnonara cpnennnn, rnn, epo nasenn, nrn
3-12 cm, mnpoxn 2-5 cm, oxocmenn nnn ronn, c pxxa, nra 4-12 cm, crnennre
cpemynonoxnn, c xca pxxa. Hneronere nenpannnnn, rmnouepnenn nnn posonn, cpann n
nasnnre na ropnnre nncra n no npxa na crnoro n rcrn xnaconnnn cnnernx; npnnnernnre
nncruera noonn na crnennre, no no-penn, nrn o 2 cm. uamxara rpecro-
snnuennna, 5-enna, n onnara cn uacr rona, nra 10-15 mm, no snnre c nnacnnxn.
Benuero nyycrno, 5-nncrno, ropnara ycrna nnnara, onnara 3-enna, c no-mnpox cpeen
(185)
xn, nr 15-17 mm, oxocmeno. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn no ropnara ycrna, ne no-xcn.
unnxr ropen. Hnor ce pasnaa na 4 cyxn opexuera (rano 77, ]nr.1).
Ho rpenncrn mecra n xpacranann n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
cenremnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna nasemnara uacr (pora Herba Betonicae), xoxro ce
cnpa no npeme na n]rexa, a raxa cmo n xopennmero (pora Rhizoma Betonicae).
Vnorpexna ce uecro n n naponara mennnna.
Hnannncxa uypnna Saturefa montana L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne nnn nonyxpacrue c npnenxno n ocnonara cn crno,
nncoxo o 50 cm, c nsnpanenn nneronocnn xnonxn, ronn nnn nyxecrn. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn,
oparno nannernn nnn rxcno nannernn, mnpoxn 2-6 mm, nrn o 3 cm, nenoxpann,
saocrpenn, ronn nnn no pa cn pecnnuecrn, c noonn na rouxn xnesn. Hneronere no 3-5 na
oma pxxa n nasnnre na nncrara, opasynamn omo xnaconnno cnnerne. uamxara rp-
ecra, c 10 xnnxn, xconnaxnecra, npannnna, c npncenann xnesn n 5 mnnonnnn sena,
pannn na rpnnara. Benuero nenpannnno, nyycrno, poso-nouepneno o posono-nnonerono,
nro o 12 mm; ropnara ycrna nxna, onnara 3-enna, c uepnenn nerna. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn
no ropnara ycrna, ne no-nrn. unnxr ropen. Hnor pasnyxnnn na 4 cyxn opexuera (77,
]nr. 3)
Ho cyxn xamennnnn mecra nourn nsxnmunrenno npxy naponnx n mxnnre uacrn na crpanara
oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Hepnonpsx Clinopodium vulgare L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c npnnonnramo ce nnn nsnpaneno uernpnpecro crno,
nncoxo 30-80 cm, onxnoneno nepasxnoneno, mxnaro. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c pxxa,
nra oxono 1 cm, onanno nannernn nnn onannn, nrn 2-6,5 cm, mnpoxn 1-3 cm, saxprnenn na
npxa n xm ocnonara, nasenn, cnao oxocmenn. Hneronere xpxouepnenn, npncenann,
cpann or 1-4 n nnrnn mnoronnernn npemnenn n nasnnre na ropnnre nncra, oxpxenn c
onnnxa Or mnoroponn, no-nrn or uamxara nnmxonnnn npnnnernnnn, noxpnrn c nrn
pasnepenn nnacnnxn. Hnernnre pxxn nrn 2-3 mm. uamxara rpecra, nra 8-10 mm, c 13
xnnxn, nyycrna. Benuero nyycrno, nro 12-22 mm, na nrn no-nro or uamxara, ropnara
ycrna nnocxa, npxsana, onnara rpnenna. Tnunnxnre 4, cxpnrn no ropnara ycrna, ne no-
xcn. unnxr ropen. Hnor ce pasnaa na 4 cyxn rnaxn opexuera (rano 76, ]nr. 4).
Cpema ce ns xpacranann n ropn n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn npes mnn n mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Pnran Origanum vulgare L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c xco nnsxmo xopennme n nsnpaneno uernpnpecro
crno, uecro or ocnonara pasxnoneno, nncoxo o 90 cm, noxpnro c pasnepenn nnacnnxn.
Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, na xca pxxa (3-10 mm), nponronaro xnennnn, nrn 2-4 cm,
mnpoxn 0,8-2,5 cm, nenoxpann nnn cnao, nexcno nasenn, na npxa saocrpenn, c nnacnnxn
n
(186)
npncenann xnesn. Hneronere pasnonoxenn n nasnnre na epn, xepemnoo-pasno
npnnoxpnnamn ce senenn nnn uepnennxann npnnnernnnn, cpann n nponronarn xnacuera,
pasnonoxenn xaro mernnna. uamxara snnuennna, c 5 enaxnn sena, c npcren or nnacnnxn
npn ornopa, c 13 xnnxn. Benuero nexcno nyycrno, cnernouepneno nnn nnoneronoposono, c
npxsana ropna ycrna, opasynana or cpacrnanero na ne nenuenncruera, onnara 3-enna. Tn-
unnxnre 4, cxpnrn no ropnara ycrna, ne no-xcn. unnxr ropen. Hnor cyx, pasnaam ce
na 4 opexuera (rano 77, ]nr. 4).
Hs xpacranann n xamennnnn mecra n nxnara crpana, nourn o ropnara rpannna na ropara.
H]rn mnn cenremnpn. B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nneronocnnre npxnn
uacrn (pora Herba Origani), xonro ce cnpar no npeme na n]rexa. Vnorpexna ce mnpoxo n
n naponara mennnna.
Mamepxa Thvmus sp. Diversae
Por Thvmus e nonnmop]en n e npecranen y nac c penna nnone, rpyno pasnnunmn opn n
or orannnnre, nopan xoero ryx ce ana oma xapaxrepncrnxa na poa. Bcnuxn nnone
cpxar erepnunn macna n ce nsnonsynar enaxno n o]nnnannara n naponara mennnna.
Mnororonmnn rpenncrn pacrennx c nnsxmn nnn nonernann, cnnno pasxnonenn, nexo
npnenenn n ocnonara cn uernpnpecrn crna, c npnnonnramn ce nneronocnn crna,
nncoxn 20-40 cm. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, nenoxpann, npncenann nnn c xca pxxa,
nnneno-nannernn, xnennnn nnn ennnrnunn c noonn na rouxn xnesn n xnesncrn
nnacnnxn, ronn nnn pecnnuecrn. Hneronere posonn n uepnenn o enn, pasnonoxenn n nasnnre
na na-ropnnre nncra, xaro opasynar cnrn nnn npexcnarn xnecrn, xnaco-nnnn nnn
mernnuecrn cnnernx. uamxara nnnnnpnuna nnn snnuennna, nyycrna, c mnpoxa 3-enna
ropna n 2-enna onna ycrna. Benuero nexcno nyycrno c npxsana ropna n 3-enna onna
ycrna. Tnunnxnre 4, crpuamn orcrpann na ropnara ycrna. unnxr ropen. Hnor ce
pasnaa na 4 xnennnn opexuera (rano 78, ]nr. 2).
Bnpoxo pasnpocrpanenn ca no cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra or nnsnnnre nourn o
nncoxonnannncxnx noxc. H]rxr npes nxroro.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar n]rxmnre nasemnn uacrn (pora Thymus Serpilli).
Hmar ronxma ynorpea n n naponara mennnna.
Mycxa1na xaxyna Salvia sclarea L.
nyronmno, no-pxxo mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno, uernpnpecro
crno, nncoxo o 1,20 m, na npxa pasxnoneno, rcro noxpnro c xnesncrn nnacnnxn. Hncrara
cpemynonoxnn, epn, nrn o 30 cm, mnpoxn 20 cm, senenn, c xnesncrn nnacnnxn,
nponronaro cpnennnn, nenpannnno nasenn, cc cpnennna ocnona, onnnre c nra
pxxa (o 7 mm), ropnnre npncenann. Hneronere no 2-6 n nasnnre na na-ropnnre nncra,
xaro opasynar nro o 40 cm mrnnuecro pasxnoneno cnnerne. Hpnnnernnnnre npncenann,
xnennno-cpnennnn, c ocnonara cn uacrnuno oxnamamn crnoro, epn, noxpnnamn
nennx npemnen, nnnecrn, onxnoneno posono oarpenn. Hneronere na pxxa, nra 2-4 mm.
uamxara rpecra, nyycrna, c mnnonnno saocrpenn snn, noxpnra c xnesncrn nnacnnxn.
Benuero posono nnn nnonerono, nro 2-3 cm, cnao nyycrno, c nxna, mnemonnna,
crpannuno cnnecxana ropna ycrna n 3-enna onna. Tnunnxnre 2. unnxr ropen. Hnonnre
opexuera nrn oxono 2 mm (rano 78, ]nr. 3).
(187)
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n xamennnnn, npenmno naponnrn repenn n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n.
n. H]rn mnn anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HBEHHHEBH SCROPHULARIACEAE
Kyuemxo annennue Scrophularia canina L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne nnn nonyxpacrue c ronn nnn noxpnrn c pamnen nanen
mnoroponn crna , nncoxn 30-60 cm. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nponronarn, nrn o 8
cm, ronn, onnnre nono nepecro na-enenn, c nannernn nnn nnnenn, nenoxpann nnn
nasenn enuera, nrn 1,5-3 cm, mnpoxn 2-5 mm, ropnnre nocrenenno cranar npocro nepecro
naceuenn. Hneronere npncenann nnn c xnesncra pxxa, cpann no 3-9 n cnne-rnx,
nsnnsamn or nasnnre na ropnnre nncra n opasynamn na npxa na crnoro ynxena
mernnna. uamxara rona, na npxa cn 5-enna. Benuero rpecro, nyycrno, rmnouepneno,
pxxo xno, nro 4-5 mm. Tnunnxnre 4. unnxr ropen. Hnor pasnyxnama ce xyrnxa
(rano 76, ]nr. 5).
Ho cyxn npnneunn n xamennnnn mecra n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn ma
anrycr. Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
Iopcxa uanxa Lathraea squamaria L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro napasnrno pacrenne c eeno, mececro, pasxnoneno xopennme, rcro
noxpnro cc cpemynonoxnn enn mececrn nmcnn. Hneronocnoro crno nncoxo o 30 cm,
mececro, rono, cc cpemynonoxno pasnonoxenn nmcnn, na npxa c rcro rposonnno
cnnerne, opnaro na ena crpana, xnesncro mxnaro. uamxara snnuennna, c 4-5 sena.
Benuero nyycrno, nro 15-17 mm, nourn 2 nrn no-nro or uamxara. Tnunnxnre 4,
npnxpenenn sa rpnnara na nenuero. unnxr ropen. Hnor xyrnxa, nra oxono 10
mm.O1ponno!(rano 78, ]nr.5).
Hs ropnre, xaro napasnrnpa npxy pasnnunn mnpoxonncrnn pnera n xpacrn, rnanno necxa n
yx. Cpema ce n nxna Fnrapnx oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn npes mapr n anpnn. Vnorpexna ce n
naponara mennnna.
3aoe.erra. Ce+. u.uroeu Jalerianaceae. He:eoua ou.ura Jaleriana officinalis L. (er.
npu ou.ru c oe.u eemoee),
CEM. CAOHOHBETHH - ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
1. Hncrara onnnn................:..............2
1*. Hncrara ne ca onnnn...........................5
2. Pacrenne es nasemno crno xomnnuxara ennnuna, mnoro epa,
nnrno npnnennana xm semxra...........................
.............. Fescrnena pemerxa CarlinaacanthifoliaL.
2*. Pacrennx c ope pasnnro crno n no-ronxm po xomnnuxn .... 3
3. Onnnnnre nncra sanpmnar c nrn, xyxecro nsnnrn na npxa cn mnnone. Hncrara mnoro
epn, cpnennnn .. Ionxm pene Arctium lappa L.
3*. Onnnnnre nncruera es mnnone nnn axo sanpmnar c mnnone, re ne ca xyxecro
nsnnrn..................................4
(188)
4. Hnernoro nerno mececro, noxpnro c epn xmnuxn, nasenn no pa cn ...............
Onxnonen rnnrep Onopordon acanthium L.
4*. Hnernoro nerno mececro, rnaxo, es xmnuxn, noxpnro c uernnxn . . . ..................
Fxn rpn Svlibium marianum (L.) Gaertn.
5. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn. Komnnuxnre cpann n rcro mnronnno
cnnerne...............ponnnx Eupalorium cannabinum L.
5*. Hncrara nocneonarennn. Komnnuxnre cpann n cnao naneenn mernnuecrn cnnernx
.......... nnnennn Artemisia vulgaris L.
sponnnx Eupatorium cannabinum L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne, nxnoro oxocmeno, c nsnpaneno npocro nnn pasxnoneno
crtno, nncoxo o 1,5 m. Hncrara cpemynonoxnn, c xca pxxa, nanennno pasenenn na 3-
5 nannernn nasenn nncruera. Hnernnre xomnnuxn penn, 2-5 mm n namerp, cpann nn
npxnn mnronnnn mernnnn. Onnnnnre nncruera nrnecrn, xepemnoopasno napeenn,
rnn. Hnernoro nerno rono. Bcnuxn nnerone posonn o nnoneronn, rpecrn, nynononn, c
rpecro crecneno xm ocnonara cn nenue. Hnoonere nrn oxono 3 mm, c xnpunnxa or ena
penna uernnxn (rano 78, ]nr.).
Ho nnaxnn mecra n xpa noronn n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n.-n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsyna nxnoro pacrenne c xopena (pora Herba Eu-patorii)
nn nennn Artemisia vulgaris L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 1,5 m, n ropnara
cn uacr enonnnecro, uepnennxano o rmnouepneno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, nrn 5-10
cm, nepecro pasenenn, c nannernn, noxo n pasaneueno nasenn xnone, mnpoxn 2-8 mm,
ropnnre npncenann, nnneno-nannernn, orrope ronn, orony rcro enonnnecrn, 3-5-ennn
nnn nenn. Komnnuxnre xnennnn nnn nponronarn, nrn 3-4 mm, mnpoxn 2-3 mm, c xca
pxunna, nsnpanenn nnn cnao naneenn, cpann n rcrn mernnuecrn cnnernx. Onnnnnre
nncruera enonnnecrn, nnmnnre saocrpenn, nrpemnnre rnn. Hnernoro nerno rono.
Hneronere rpecrn, n ocnonara cn enesnnxann, narope uepneno-xa]xnn. Hnoonere
nnnnnpnunn, es xnpunnxa (rano 79, ]nr. 1).
Hs xpacranann, cmernma, xpa crpan n na pyrn mecra n nxnara crpana oxm 1000 m n. n.
H]rn mnn oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexnar npxnara crnena uacr (pora Herba Artemisiae) n
xopenr (pora Radix Artemisiae). Hma npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonen rnnrep, uarapemxn onn Onopordon acanthium L.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno crno, nncoxo o 3 m, n ropnara uacr
pasxnoneno, nourn o npxa c 2-3 mnpoxn nanxnn xpnna, c onn, nrn o 5 mm,
cnnonnaxnecro. Hncrara nocneonarennn, npncenann, noonronarn, nrn o 35 cm, mnpoxn
o 20 cm, saocrpenn, xm ocnonara cn crecnenn, nepecro nspxsann na mnpoxo rpnrnnn
nasenn xnone, no xpax c onn, nrn 5-6 mm, ropnnre npncenann. Komnnuxnre epn, 5-6
cm n namerp, ennnunn nnn no nxxonxo no npxonere na xnonxnre.
(189)
Onnnnnre nncruera na xomnnuxnre npn npxa cn mnnonnno crecnenn n sanpmnar c ocrpn
xnrennxann onn. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn, nrn 14-25 mm, nynononn, c noxo 5-
enno xpxouepneno o posono nenue. Hnernoro nerno mececro, noxpnro c nnnarnnn,
nasenn no xpanmara cn. Hnoonere oparno xnennnn, nrn 4-5 mm, ronn, na npxa c
xnpunnxa, nra 7-9 mm, c mnoroponn nnacnnxn, cpacnann n ocnonara cn n npcren,
orenxm ce or nnoa (rano 80, ]nr. 1).
Ho cyxn rpenncrn n ypenxcann mecra, xpa nrnma n crpan n nxnara crpana oxm 1400 m n.
n. H]rn mnn cenremnpn.
B mennnnara ce nsnonsynar nnernnre xomnnuxn (pora Flores Onopordi), nncrara (pora
Folia Onopordi) n npxnnre crnenn uacrn (pora Hera Onopordoms Acanthi).
Bnn 1psn Silvbium marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Enoronmno nnn nyronmno epo rpenncro pacrenne c nsnpaneno npocro nnn cnao
pasxnoneno crno, nncoxo o 1,5 m, napaseno, nourn rono. Hncrara nocneonarennn, ronn,
c xno mpexonnno xnnxynane, c epn, nspxsann rpnrnnn xnone, sanpmnamn c
xnrennxanoenn onn, nrn o 8 mm; ropnnre npncenann n oxnamar crnoro;
npnocnonnnre mnoro epn, nrn 25-50 cm, mnpoxn 12-25 cm, na nra pxxa. Hnernnre
xomnnuxn epn, 2,5-4 cm n namerp, pasnonoxenn noennnuno no npxonere na
pasxnonennxra. Onnnnnre nncruera pasnonoxenn n nxxonxo pea, c onn no pa cn n c
enn no-ep onn na npxa, nr 2-5 cm. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn, xpxouepnenn.
Hnoonere oparno onannn, cnnecxann n es pepa, nrn 6-8 mm, na npxa cn c xnpunnxa
(rano 79, ]nr. 2).
Cpema ce ns nycreemn mecra, xpa nrnma n crpan, npenmno n mxnnre uacrn na crpanara.
H]rn ma anrycr.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar nnoonere (pora Semen Silybi, Fructus Cardii
Marianae). Hamnpa npnnoxenne n n naponara mennnna.
Besc1snena peme1xa Carlina acanthifolia All.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c nnnnnpnuen neprnxanen xopen, no es crno. Hncrara
nrn 10-30 cm, mnpoxn 6-15 cm, n poserxa, nponronarn o onannn, c pxxa, nepecro
nspxsann, c nourn rpnrnnn onnnn xnone, or onnara crpana enonnnecrn. Komnnuxara
ennnuna, ronxma (3-12 cm n namerp), nnrno npnnernana xm semxra, n cpeara na nncrnara
poserxa. Bnmnnre onnnnn nncruera nannernn, c xc onn, (25-30 mm), cpennre nrn 35-
55 mm, xnrennxann, nnnenn, rpeenecro onnnn, a nrpemnnre pasnepenn,
nnmonenoxnrn. Bcnuxn nnerone rpecrn, ornauano neoxnrn, no-xcno uepnennxann.
Hnoonere nrnecrn, nnaxnecrn, c xnpunnxa or nepecrn nnacnnxn (rano 79, ]nr. 3).
Ho rpenncrn n xamennnnn mecra, no-uecro n nnannnnre mexy 800 n 2000 m n. n. H]rn mnn
oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce ynorpexna xopenr (pora Radix Cattinae). Hsnonsyna ce n n
naponara mennnna.
Ionnu penen Arctium lappa L.
nyronmno rpenncro pacrenne c een nperenonnen mececr xopen. Crnoro nsnpaneno,
napaseno, nncoxo o 1,5 m, pasxnoneno, nnnecro
(190)
oxocmeno. Hncrara nocneonarennn, cpnennno-xnennnn, c pxxa, nourn nenoxpann,
orony nnaxnecrn, npnocnonnnre mnoro epn, mnpoxn o 50 cm, nrn o 30 cm. Komnnuxnre
epn, 3-4 cm n namerp, cpann n epo cnnerne, onnnnnre nncruera senenn, mnnonnnn,
na npxa xyxecro nsnnrn. Hneronere uepnenn, rpecrn. Hnoonere rmnoxa]xnn, nexo
cnnecnarn, nrn 6-7 mm (rano 79, ]nr. 4).
Ho ypenxcann, sanycrenn n neopaorenn mecra, nopone n p. n nxnara crpana oxm 1500 m
n. n. H]rn mnn oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsyna xopenr (pora Radix Bardanae), xoro ce nsnaxa
npes ecenra na npnara ronna nnn npes nponerra na nropara.
EHOCEMEEAHH PACTEHHR
1. unnxr ropen. Pacrenne es nasemno crno nneronere nsnnsar or rpyxara.........
Ecenen mnnsyxap Colchicum autumnale L.
1*. unnxr onen, r.e. oxononnernnre nncruera ca npnxpenenn no nero. Pacrennx c ope
pasnnro crno.......................2
2. Hneronere n cnnerne n opnarn na ena crpana. Tnunnxnre 3 .... ................... Herntono
nepo GladiolusimbricatusL.
2*. Hneronere opnarn na ncnuxn crpann. Camo ena rnunnxa......
............................ Canen Orchissp. Diversae
CEM. KPEMOBH LILIACEAE
Mpasonen, ecenen unnsyxap Colchicum autumnale L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rpyxa, noona na nyxonnna, nra 2-6 cm, noxpnra c
rmnoxa]xna nnn xecrenxna ncxana onnnxa, es nasemno crno. Hncrara 3-6, mnpoxo
nannernn, c ronnno xnnxynane, nrn o 30 cm, nenoxpann, ronn, nnocxn nnn nannnenn
no nxnnara cn, onnrn npn ocnonara cn c nnarannme n nsnnsar nanpano or rpyxara.
Hneronere 1-3, neoposonn, n onnara cn uacr rpecrn, narope 6-ennn, xaro oxononnernnre
nncruera n cnoonara cn uacr ca mnpoxo ennnrnunn o nnneno-ennnrnunn, nrn 4-7 cm,
mnpoxn 0,5-2 cm, nnmnnre no-nrn or nrpemnnre. Tnunnxnre 6. unnxr ropen,
rpnrnesen, c 3 nnmxonnnn crn-uera. Hnor rpnrnesna xyrnxa. Hncrara ce pasnnnar
nanponer, a nneronere naecen. O1ponno! (rano 80, ]nr. 2).
Ho rpenncrn mecra, nnnan n nacnma n nxnara crpana nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn npes
cenremnpn n oxromnpn.
B cnpemennara mennnna ce nsnonsynar cemenara (pora Semen Colchici) n rpyxnre (pora
Bulbus Colchici). Hpnnara ce n n naponara mennnna.
CEM. HEPYHHKOBH IRIDACEAE
He1ntono nepo Gladiolus imbricatus L.
Mnororonmno rpenncro pacrenne c rpyxonyxonnna, onnra or rnxn, cnrn ycnopenn
nnaxna. Crnoro nsnpaneno, nncoxo 30-80 cm, c 2-3 na
(191)
po meuonnnn, napeenn n na pea nncra, mnpoxn 15-20 mm, xm npxa saocrpenn.
Cnnernero npxno, nn nn na xnac, na-uecro opnaro na ena crpana, c 3-12 nnxra,
npncenann n nasnnre na nannernn, saocrpenn npnnnernnnn, no-xcn or nneronere.
Oxononnernnxr nenuennen, nenpannnen, c xca rpnna, xpxouepnen nnn uepneno-nnoneron,
nr 3-4 cm; oxononnernnre nncruera nourn enaxnn nomexy cn, oparno xnennnn,
crecnenn xm ocnonara cn n noxr. Tnunnxnre 3, npnxpenenn npxy ycrnero na neneunara
rpnna; npamnnnnre nnnenn, npnxpenenn xm rnunnxonnre pxxn c ennnx pn xpa.
unnxr onen, rpnrnesen, c nro crnue. Hnor pasnyxnnna xyrnxa. Cemenara
xpnnarn (rano 80, ]nr. 3).
Hs nnnan n xpacranann n nxna Fnrapnx nourn o 1400 m n. n. H]rn ma mnn.
Vnorpexna ce n naponara mennnna.
CEM. CAAEHOBH ORCHIDACEAE
Canen Orchis sp. Diversae
Mnororonmnn rpenncrn pacrennx c ne nosemnn rpyxn (crapa n mnaa) n nsnpaneno
nepasxnoneno onncreno crno, nncoxo o 40 cm n sanpmnamo c xnaconnno cnnerne.
Hncrara ennnconnno nponronarn, nenoxpann, c ycnopeno xnnxynane, saocrpenn, a n
ocnonara cn crecnxnamn ce nn nnarannme. Hneronere nenpannnnn, c npocr nenuennen
oxononnernnx, ccranen or 6 neenaxnn nncruera; onnoro nncrue ce napnua ycrna, opnaro
e naony n e cnaeno c no-xca nnn no-nra mnopa; ocranannre 5 nncruera ca cpann nn
nn na mnem nnn 2 or rxx ca pasnepenn. Tnunnxa ena. Hnonnxr c onen, cnnpanno ycyxan
xunnx. Hnor pasnyxnnna xyrnxa c mnoro penn cemena(rano 80, ]nr. 4).
V nac ce cpemar oxono 20 nna canen, no mennnncxo snauenne nmar cnennre 4 nna c
uepnenn nnerone, xonro ca pasnpocrpanenn nourn ns nxnara crpana.
1. Oxononnernnre nncruera (ocnen ycrnara) cpann nn nn na mnem . . .....................
Onxnonen canen Orchis mono L.
1*. nere nnmnn oxononnernn nncruera pasnepenn n nsnnrn nasa. Tpnre nrpemnn cpann
saeno............................2
2. Hpnnnernnnnre penn, 3-8 nrn no-xcn or xunnxa, uecro nmcno-
nnnn ...........................................
..................... Bnemonnen canen O. militarisL.
2*. Hpnnnernnnnre ne noneue or 2 nrn no-xcn or xunnxa nnn ne no-xcn or
nero......................................3
3. Bnopara xopnsonranna nnn ronnno nsnnra narope .........
.......................... Mxxn canen O. masculaL.
3*. Bnopara nacouena naony, eeno nnnnnpnuna nnn xonnuna .... ........................ Hernncr
canen O.maculataL.
Or rpyxnre na resn nnone, nsxonann no npeme na n]rexa nnn cne npen]rxnanero, ce
nonyuana porara Tubera Salep. H uernpnre nna ce ynorpexnar n naponara mennnna.
Onxnonennxr canen ce ornnuana n no rona, ue ycrnara my e 3-enna, a mnopara xopnsonranna
nnn nacouena narope, nnnnnpnuna nnn cnao yxanxonnna. Hs nnnan n rpenncrn mecra
nourn n nxnara crpana oxm 1300 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
Bnemonnnnxr canen ocnen no manxnre cn npnnnernnnn n pasnepenn nncruera na nnera ce
ornnuana n no rona, ue cpennxr xn na onnara
(192)
ycrna e pasenen na ne uacrn, xonro ca pasnepenn nourn no npan rn. Cpema ce
cpannnrenno no-pxxo ns ropn n xpacranann oxm 1000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
Cnpanero my e sapaneno
Mxxnxr canen ce ornnuana or ocranannre nnone ocnen no nocouennre n rannnara enesn n
no rona, ue mnopara my e nnnnnpnuna, no-xca or xunnxa n npnnnsnrenno ronxona nra,
xonxoro oxononnernnxa. Cpennxr xn na ycrnara e nexcno nyenen. Hs nnnan n xpacranann
nourn o 2000 m n. n. H]rn anpnn mnn.
Hernncrnxr canen ce pasnnuana or pyrnre nnone ocnen no nocouennre enesn n no rona, ue
rpyxnre my ca cnnecxann, noxo 3-5-ennn. Crnoro e nnrno, c 5-9 nncra. Hs
nnannncxnre ropn n xpacranann. H]rn ma anrycr.
(193)
A3BYHEH YKA3ATEA HA BTAIAPCKHTE HMEHA HA BHAKHTE
A Fxcnopnuenn 174
Asmanyx manx 142 B
Anaxnna 105
Axopyc 131 Bennxenue 112
Anrnue 48 xnacncro 113
Acnypr nnnecr 86 neueno 112
norouno 113
B Berporon noncxn 142
Beuepnnx 166
Fannn sn 54 Bnnue neueno 106
Fepennna xamenonomxona 143 Bnromxn eennac 156
Fnaryn 120 Bonnunna 41
Fnarnenn 175 Boncxn esnx 27
Fnarnx onxnonena 175 Bpauonn upenna 133
Fnarnxx 36 Bparnra 83
Fnxn 70 Bnua xnxa 35
Fnmnnna onxnonena 81 Bpa 34
Foonn 51, 97, 140, 167 xna 34
Foxyponn 164 xpexxa 34
Foxyp recnonncren 164 Bpnnxa neuena 107
yxpacen 164 Bpnnxonn 107
Fop xn 29 Bponn 34, 91, 117
Foponn 29 Bponxonn 59
Foponnnxa cnnx 178
uepnena 177 I
uepna 178
Foxnxa nnnncronasena 42 Innrep onxnonen 189
pasxnonena 42 Inyxapue 88
pasnepena 42 Ionocemennn pacrennx 29
Fpesa 118 Iopna nnnana 135, 166
Fpesonn 91, 118 Ioponner 37
Fpe 129 Iopcxa maxa 188
Fpeonn 129 Iopyn 119
Fpom 75 Iopyxa 43
Fpomonn 74, 153 Iopunnue 147, 180
Fpycnnxa 178 Iopunnuenn 147, 180
Fpmnxn 127 Iopunna capenrcxa 44
Fpmnxnonn 127 Ipananonncrnn 67, 105, 149
Fpxcr noncxn 120 Ipmorpn onnn 168
Fpxcronn 120 Inonn ounuxn 99
Fyapnna nernncra 183
Fyxonn 118
Fyrpax rpnenen 82
Fyrypue ecenno 179 nycemeennn pacrennx 31,32,91,97,116, 132,
Fyunnnm 144 161
Fsonn 154 eenen enonneren 46
Fs rpenncr 154 eenenonn 46, 136
uepnen 75 enncnn npemnenecr 145
uepen 154 cnnpcxn 63
Fxn cmnn onxnonen 79 erennna opnnuna 140
Fxn rpn 190 uepnena 168
Fxcno pnue 174 nn cnnuorne cpnenncren 84
(194)
nnxnxa neuena 155, 185 3pnacrenonn 126
nnxnxonn 155, 188 3pnnxa cnanrenna 127
nnue neueno 167
paxa 126 H
pxn 60
pxnonn 60 Hrnnxa 64
120 escrnena 65
xn 120 nncoxa 65
snmen 119 neuena 65
xocmar 120 Hrnnxonn 64, 178
neren 120 Hscnnnnnue 124
ponnnx 189 nnaxnecro 124
xnoncxa ycra 184 rono 124
Hsrpannnue onxnoneno 26
E cenepno 27
Hsrpannnuenn 26
Enocemeennn pacrennx 31, 88, 95, 128, 158, Hmen xn 35
191 Hmenonn 35
Enma uepna 91 Hcon 108, 110
Entonue 153
mnpnsnnno 153 K
cmnncxo 75
Enuen 78 Katnxa 165
Ecenen mnnsyxap 191 Kaxyna 110
E]epa 30 ropcxa 111
E]eponn 30 nnnana 110
mycxarna 187
npemnenecra 111
Kannna uepnena 155
Xanex 99, Kanyna 176
Xencxa nanpar 28 Kamenonomxa xprnonncrna 137
Xencxonanparonn 28 Kamenonomxonn 48,137
Xnnennue nsnecro 93 Kammnx 48
xpnnaro 94 Kanrapnon xnr 58
xyuemxo 188 Kanena 184
Xnnennuenn 71, 93, 112, 153, 188 Kapron 155
Xnnonnex ronxm 95 Kapam]nnonn 35, 124 133 163
nanneronncren 95 Kapro]onn 70, 111, 152
Xnnonnexonn 94 Kepnns 144
Xnrnn 130 Kecren 119
Xnryra oxxncxa 51 Knmnon 144
Xnrypue 38 Knnapnconn 30
Kncenen 122
3 Kncenr pnonn 39
Kncen rpn 39
3aua cxnxa 89 Knonauxa manxa 74
3anncr onnn 129 Kosx paa 87
3apacnnue onxnoneno 106 Koxnue 159
3nesan onxnonen 54 Koxnuenn 159
3nnnxa neuena 58 Koxos 177
3ntnnxonn 58 Komynnra neuena 53
3panen xpnanouepnen 170 Konononn 120
onxnonen 169 Konnrnnx93
poepron 170 Konnrnnxonn 35, 93
3panenonn 169 Konpnna onxnonena 121
(195)
3enennxa crpanxancxa 177 Konpnnonn 121
3nmsenen manx 104 Konp 61
rpenncr 104 Koua nnxa onxnonena 151
3narncra nanpar 27 Komyrnna 183
3naronpx 47 Kpemonn 89, 96, 129, 158, 191
3nnna onxnonena 43 Kpcren onxnonen 75
3mncxo mnxxo 40 Kpcronnernn 40, 134, 166
3mnxpnnx nsrouen 131 Kyxynnua npexa enponecxa 148
nrannancxn 131 Kyxynnuonpexonn 148
nernncr 131 Kyxypxx 125
3mnxpnnxonn 131 Kyuemxo rpose 152
3tpnacren 127 Kxnnna 163
M
Knnnn 139 Mprna xonpnna xna 151
xpnanouepnena 139
Kpnannue 162 H
A Hanannue 28
Hanpcrnnx 73
Hanarepa 172 nnnecr 74
Haxa 157 eponneren 73
Haxyuxa 157 pxnn 94
Hana annncxn 122 Haymxa neuena 181
Hanaonn 121, 162 Hennnmxa 136
Henypa 158 Hesapanxa noncxa 107
Hen cnanrenen 141 Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx 32, 37, 91, 97
116, 132, 161
Henonn 141
Henxa 154
Hecxa onxnonena 92 O
Hecxonn 92
Hnna 56 Onunnue peno 38
xna 57 onxnoneno 99
penonncrna 57 Onuapxa 157
eponncrna 57 Onuapcxa ropnuxa 135
Hnnonn 56 Ornnnue 102, 179
Hncnunna xyxa 165 Ornnue 123
Hooonn 123 Omannue rpacxo 49
Honen 71 nnannncxo 49
rcronneren 72 Oman 80
neueen 71 xn 80
Hom nxrp 73 pnrancxn 91
Hyrauxonn 76, 113 repmancxn 78
Hya xpacrannna 58 uepen 106
Hyo nne 111 Opexue 138
Hynnuxa onxnonena 72 pxcronncrno 138
Hxnunna 134 nnnano 138
Hcxanue 143 Opnona nanpar 26
Hmnxx 103 Opnononanparonn 26
Hmrnxonn 37, 97, 125, 130 Ounonen 50
Hmrnue onxnoneno 38 ropcxn 50
nnsxmo 38 rmn 50
M nnsxm 50 M
Marapemxn onn 189
Max noncxn 165 Hanparonnnn pacrennx 24
Maxonn 39, 165 Hanyp recnonncren 95
(196)
Mannna 139 Hanyponn 95
Macnnnonn 66, 103, 128, 147 Hapnuxa 156
Marounna 151 Haua rpena 162
Mamepxa 187 Hampnax 63
Maxcnue 69 Hennn nn 189
Meennx 67 onxnonen 83
Meynnna neuena 106, 181 Hepynnxa narna 89
Mernnunna cnnx 115 Hepynnxonn 89, 191
Meuo rpose 177 Herntono nepo 191
Mnpnsnnnue onxnoneno 109 Hnnepnue nono 122
Mneuxa onxnonena 55 Hnpe 130
Mneuxonn 55, 126 Hnpenonn 176
Momnna cnsa 159 Hnpnncxn ua 69
Momxona cnsa 159 Hnmxnxa nanunuena 145
Mopau noen 143 Hnayn yxanuecr 25
Mopxon nn 145 nrnonncren 25
Mpasonen 191 Hnaynonn 25
Mypanenn 147 Hnmcxannue ymno 35
Mypana xprnonncrna 147 Hnmcxau 52
Mpnna neuena 41 Honer onxnonen 133
Mxpxn 147 Honernna onxnonena 149
Mxxa nanpar 28 Honernnonn 148
Mxxonanparonn 28
H C
Hoen 84
Hopymue arpnnno 82 Canenonn 192
Honue 182 Camaxnrxa cnnx 98
xno 150 Camoaxa pmnxnonncrna 109
nyxono 183 Camorpnsxa xnrennxana 76
onxnoneno 183 Camonncxa rpena nxcuna 62
Hoxpnrocemennn pacrennx 31 Canynue neueno 133, 163
Honanxa 70 Capxo]aenn 102
Honona nxnuxa 136 Capxo]a 102
Hopeu nnpenecxn 43 Cnemnna 78
Horouapxa 135 onxnonena 78
Hpanroc 61 noncxa 79
Hpenapa onxnonena 108 Cnnpuonnna 154
Hpeceuxa 86 Crpanue cnaxonncrno 52
Hpemnn 52 Cee]ue 55, 171
Hpnmnnna onxnonena 109 Cee]uenn 55, 171
Hponrnnue nernncro 87 Cexnpue ropcxo 168
Hpones onxnonen 126 nnnano 53
Hrnue npoco 149 Cennnxonnernn 60, 141
nnonerono 105, 181 Cnnan xn 45
Hynanxa 59 noncxn 45
Huennnox onxnonen 150 uepen 44
Cnntornanue 113
Cnnx xnuxa 115
Cnaxa rpena 123
P
Pannen xn 157 Cnes 172
xnr 83 Cnesonn 172
Pasnonnx 112 Cnpornna 153
Paxnra 91 Cnoxnonnernn 76, 114, 156, 188
Pannna onxnonena 98 Cmnn 79
Pamenxa nenena 54 Cmnn 64, 66
(197)
Pannnncr 69, 185 Cmnnyx cnn 100
neoxnr 70 Cmpannxa 56
repmancxn 185 Cmpannxonn 56
enoronmen 70 Cnopex 84
nsnpanen 70 ropcxn 85
neueen 185 onxnonen 85
Pesea 45 xxoon 85
xnra 46 Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx 31, 64, 93, 101, 128,
xnrennxana 45 175
Peseonn 45 Cpemnnue nponncrno 68
Pesene 61 naxcmanono 68
Pene ronxm 190 onxnoneno 68
Pemerxa escrnena 190 nnsxmo 108
Pnran 186 Ccnxa xnra 37
Poraren xnr 39
Ponnna rpena 136 T
Posonnernn 48, 125, 138, 166
Pocen 171 Taryn 152
Pocenonn 55, 171 Tenuapxa ronxma 100, 171
Pocnna 137 onxnonena 160
Pocnnonn 137 Tenuapxonn 100, 171
Poconac neueen 166 Temenyra 100
Pyxa 173 mnpnsnnna 101
nea 174 rpnnnerna 58, 101
rpanncxa 141 Temenyronn 58, 100
neuena 145, 173 Tnxna nna 59
posona 173 Tnxnonn 58
Pynxnxa onxnonena 88 Tnnrxna 66, 103
ropcxa 104
C xnra 66
mouypna 103
Canara xomnacna 87 nernncra 67
Canen 192 cnnx 104
mxxn 192 Tnnrxnonn 103, 179
onxnonen 192 Tncrnra xna 136
nernncr 192 ronxma 47
mnemonnen 192 nmrnna 47
Tononn 104
H
Tonona
Hennna 144
-xna 117
-uepna 117
Tpaysan 54
Hpxano 58 Tpaysanonn 54,
Tpenernnxa 117
H Tpecxanue 73
uapue onxnoneno 148 Tpocxor 130
uaconnnue 170
uenenrxa amacxa 97 Y
uenxnnx onxnonen 114 Vpoxa xprnonncrna 62
uemepnxa xna 89 Vconnue onxnoneno 106
-uepna Vcrnonnernn 68, 107, 150, 182
uepnen xanrapnon 179 Vcrpen onxnonen 148
uepnonpx 186 Vcrpenonn 148
(198)
X
uepnornanue noncxo 114 Xnom naren 21
uepnoxoc 82 noncxn 25
uynen 123 Xnona onxnonena
-cnnpcxa 30
-uepnena 30
uecnona rpena 134 Xnomonn 25
uypnna nnannncxa 186 Xmen 120
Xpnmen 66
m R
Bannue 125 roa 140
Bnnxn 140,167 cen nnannncxn 128
(198)
A3BYHEH YKA3ATEA HA AATHHCKHTE HMEHA HA BHAKHTE
A Asarum europaeum L. 93
Asclepiadaceae 148
Achillea clypeolata S. S. 83 Asparagus oIIicinalis L. 89
milleIolium L. 157 Asperula odorata L. 153 Acinos arvensis (Lam.)
Dandy 109 Aspidiaceae 28
Aconitum variegatum L. 98 Aspidium Iilix-mas (L.) Schott. 28
Acorus calamus L. 111 Aspleniaceae 26
Adonis vernalis L. 36, 37 Asplenium septentrionale (L.) HoIIm, 27
Aethusa cynapium L. 143 trichomanes L. 26
Agrimonia cupatoria L. 48 Asteraceae 76, 114, 156, 188
odorata L. 49 Astragalus glycyphyllos L. 52 Agropyrum
repens (L.) P. B. 133 Athyriaceae 28
Agrostemma githago L. 163 Athyrium Iilix-Iemina (L.) Roth. 28
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. 68 Atropa bella-donna L. 111
saliciIolia Schreb. 68
laxmanii (L.) Benth. 68 n
reptans L. 108
Alchemilla vulgaris L. 125 Ballota nigra L. 184
Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch. 105 Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. 43
Alliaria oIIicinalis (MB.) Cav. et Grande 134 stricta Andrz. 43
Allium ursinum L. 158 Bellis perennis L. 156
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. 91 Berberidaceae 39
Althaea L. 173 Berberis vulgaris L. 39
oIIicinalis L. 141, 173 Betula pendula Roth. 91, 118
pallida illd. 174 Betulaceae 118
rosea (L.) Cav. 141, 173 Bidens tripartita L, 82 Amaryllidaceae 159
Boraginaceae 40, 67, 149, 180 Anacardiaceae 56 Brassica junoea
Czern. 44 Anagalis arvensis L. 102, 179 nigra (L.) Koch 44 Anchusa
oIIicinalis L. 106 Brassicaceae 134, 166 Anemone ranunculoides L. 37
Bryonia alba L. 59 Anethum graveolens L. 61 dioica Jacq. 59
Angelica panIiii Vandas 145 Bupleurum rotundiIolium L. 62
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaerth. 156
Anthemis tinctoria L. 82 q
Anthriscus cereIolium (L.) HoIIm. 142
Anthyllis vulneraria L. 54 Calamintha acinos Clairv. 109
Apiaceae 60, 141 Calluna vulgaris Mil. 176
Apium graveolens L. 144 Caltha palustris L. 36
Apocynaceae 104 Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. 148
Araceae 131 Cannabaceae 120
Araliaceac 127 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med. 135
Archichlamydeae 31 CapriIoliaceae 75, 154
Arctium lappa L. 190 Cardamine pratensis L. 135
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng 177 Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. 136
Aristolochiaceae 35 Carlina acanthiIolia Alt. 190
Aristolochia clematitis L. 35 Carthamus lanatus L. 86
Artemisia absinthium L. 83 Carum carvi L. 144
vulgaris L. 189 Caryophyllaceae 35, 124, 133, 163 Aram 131
Castanea sativa Lam. 119
italicum Mill. 131 Centaurea cyanus L. 115
maculatum L. 131 Centaurium erythraea RaI. 179
orientale Mill. 131 Cerinthe minor L. 67
(199)
Ceterach oIIicinarum DC. 27 Equisetaceae 25
Chelidonium majus L. 40 Equisetum arvense L. 25
Chenopodiaceae 123 palustre L. 25
Chenopodium L. 123 telmateja Ehrh. 25
- bonnus-henrkus L. 123 Ericaceae 176
- botrys L. 123 Erodium cicutarium LHer. 170
Chrysosplenium alterniIolium L. 48 Eryngium campestre L. 142
Cichorium intybus L. 115 Erysimum crepidiIolium Rchb. 42 Clematis
vitalba L. 133 diIIusum Ehrh. 42
Clinopodium vulgare L. 156 repandum L. 42
Cnicus benedictus L. 86 Erythrea centaurium Pers.179
Colchicum autumnale L. 191 Eupatorium cannabinum L. 189
Colutea arborescens L. 52 Euphorbia cyparissias L. 55
Compositae 114, 156, 188 Euphorbiaceae 55, 126
Conium maculatum L. 144
Consolida regalis S. F. Gray 98 p
Convallaria majalis L. 159
Convolvulaceae 148, 180 Fabaceae 51, 99, 140, 167
Convolvulus arvensis L. 149, 180 Fagaceae 118
CornaceaeO Filaginella uliginosa (L.) Opiz 79
Coraus mas L. 60 Filago L. 78
Coronopus procumbens Gillb. 136 arvensjs l 79
Corydalis cava Scheig. et KSrte 165 germanica L 78
Corylaceae 92 vulgaris l 78
Corylus avellana L 92 Filipendula Mill. 138
Cotinus coggygna Scop. 56 Jexapetala Guib. 138
Crassulaceae 46, 136 - ulmaria (L.) Maxim. 138
Crociata laeyipes Opiz. 75 vul aris A ,38
CrucIerac 40, 134, 166 - Foenksulum ra1 mm 61
Cucurbitaceae 58 Fragaria vesca L. 140
Cuprcssaceae 30 Frangula alnus Mill. 127
Cuscuta europaea L. 148, 180 Fraxinus 128
Cuscutaceae 148, 180 - Sior L 128
Cyclamen hederiIolium Ait. 179 t,
- neapolitanum Pen. 179 Fumaria oIIicinalis L. 166 Cynanchum
vincetoxicum Pers. 148
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 130
Cynoglossum oIIlcinale L. 181 G
n Galanthus nivalis L. 159
" Galega oIIicinalis L. 99
Daphne mezereum L. 174 Galeopsis tetrahit L.183
Dictamnus albus L. 171 GenTsSTaritoHs L 52
nioitalk T 71 uenisia sagiiaiis l,
Digitalis L. 73 tj ri L 5
Dioscoreaceae 129 Gentmnaceae 66, 103, 179 t; 7, ...
Geraniaceae 169 DoPronmcolumneTen.84 Geranium macrorrhizum L. 169 -
onen.a.eHoIIm.84
Geum montanum L. 49
E urbanum L, 49
Gladiolus imbricatus L. 191
Ecbaliura elaterium (L.) Rich. 58 Glaucium Ilavum L. 39
Echinops riuo L. 114 Glechoma hederacea L. 109
Echium vulgare L. 106 Gnaphalium uliginosum L. 79
Ephedra distachya L. 30 Gramineae 130
Ephcdraceae 30 Gratiola oIIicinalis L. 13
(200)
H Lythraceae 175
Lythrum salicaria L. 175 Hedera helix L. 127
Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench 79 j
Helleborus odorus . K. 125
Hepatica nobilis Mill. 99 Magnoliophyta 31
Heracleum sibiricum 63 Malva sylvestris L. 172
- verticilatum Pant. 45, 63 Malvaceae 141, 172 Hemiaria L. 124
Marnibium vulgare L. 150
- glabra L. 124 Matricaria chamomilla L. 157
- hirsuta L. 124 Melilotus oIIicinalis (L.) Pall. 53
Hesperis matronalis L. 166 Melissa oIIicinalis L. 151
Hieracium pilosella L. 88 Melittis melissophyllum L. 183 Humulus
lupulus L. 120 Menyanthaceae 147, 180
Hyoscyamus niger L. 70 Menyanthes triIoliata L. 147, 180
Hypericaceae 58 Mercurialis perennis L. 126 Hypericum
perIoratum L. 58 Metachlamydeae 31
Hypochaeris maculata L. 87 Monocotyledonae 31
Hypolepidiaceae 26 Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill. 107
Hysaopus oIIicinalis L. 110
N
Nasturtium oIIicinalis (L.) Desv. 135
Inula 80 Nepeta cataria L. 151
- britannica L. 81 Nigella damascene L. 98
- germamca L. 80
- helenium L. 80 n Indaceae 89, 191
Iris pseudacoras L. 89 Oenanthe aquatica,(L.) Poir. 143
Oenothera biennis (L.) Scop. 59
J Oenotheraceae 59
Oleaceae 66, 103, 128, 147
Jasmmum Iruttcans L. 66 Onagraceae 59
Juniperus communis L. 30 Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. 59
- oxycedrus L. 30 Ononis spinosa (L.) 168
- sibirica Burgs. 30 Onopordon acanthium L. 189
Orchis sp. diversae 192
K maculata 192
mascula L. 192 Kickxia spuria (L.) Dum. 73 mIIitaris L. 192
morio L. 192
L Origanum vulgare L. 186
Labiatae68, 107, 150, 182 ,
Lactuca serriola L. 87
Lamiaceae 68, 107, 150, 182 Paeonia L 164
Lamium album L. 151 peregrina L. 164
Lathraea squamaria L. 188 tenuiIolia L. 164
Lathyrus pratensis L. 53 Paeoniaceae 164
- sylvestris L. 168 Palirus aculeatus Lam. 126
Lavatera thunngiaca L. 172 spina-christi Mill. 126
Leonurus cardiaca L. 184 Papaver rhoeas L. 165
Lepidium 136 Papaveraceae 39, 165
- draba L. 136 Papilionaceae 51, 140, 167
- perIohatum L. 43 Parnassiaceae 137
Liaceae 89, 96, 129, 158, 191
Parnasia palustris L. 137 Linaceae 141 Pastinaca sativa L. 63
Linana vulgaris Mill. 72 Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., Meyer et Schreb.
Linum catharticum L. 141 157
Lithospermum arvense L. 149 Peucedanum arenarium .K. 62
(201)
- purpureo-coeruleum L. 181 Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Ne. 27 LogIia
arvensis (L.) J. Holub 79 Pimpinella saxiIraga L. 143 Loraihaceae 35
Pinaceae 29
Lotus comiculatus L. 54 Pinophyta 29
Lycopodiaceae 25 pjnus syivestris L. 29
Lycopodium clavatum.L. 25 Plantaginaceae 94
- selago L. 25 Plantago L. 94
lanceolala L. 95 Rhus cotinus L. 56
major L 95 Rorippa pyrenaica (L.) Rchb. 43 Plumbaginaceae
102 Rsa 140, 166
Plumbago europaea L. 102 - camna L. 140, 166
Poaceae 130 caesia Sm. 167
Polygala major Jacq. 171 - galHca L. 167
Polygalaceae 171 - pandulina L. 167
Polygonaceae 121, 162 - tomentosa Sm. 167
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce 159 Rosaceae 48, 138, 166
oIIicinalis All. 159 Rubia tinctonim L. 75 Polygonum L. 162
Rubiaceae 74, 153
aviculare L. 162 Rubus ldaeus L. 139
bistorta 162 sanguineus L. 140
hydropiper L. 122 - sp. diversae 139 Polyslichum lonchitis (L.)
Roth. 28 Rumex acelosa L. 121 Populus L. 117
alpinus L. 122
alba L. 117 Ruscus aculeatus L. 129
nigra L. 117 Rutaceae 55, 17
tremula L. 117 Ruta graveolens L. 55 Potentilla anserina L. 50
erecta (L.) Rauschel 50 s
reptans L. 50
Prangos Icmlacea (L.) Lindl. 61 Salicaceae 34, 91,117
Primula L. 64 Salix 34
acaulis Jacq. 65 alba L. 34
elatior (L.) Hill. 65 - Iragilis L. 34
oIIicinalis Hill. 65 purpurea L. 91
veris L. 65 Salvia L. 110
vulgaris Huds. 65 nemorosa L. 111 Primulaceae 64, 178
pratensis L. 110 Prunella vulgaris L. 109 sclarea L. 187 Pteridium
aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. 26 verticillata L. Ill Pteridophyta 24
Sambucus ebulus L. 154 Pulicaria dysentherica (L.) Bernh. 81 nigra L. 154
vulgaris Gaertn. 81 racemosa L. 75 Pulmonaria oIIicinalis L.
106, 181 Sanguisorba oIIicinalis L. 167 Pyrola rotundiIolia L. 147
Saponaria oIIicinalis L. 163 Pyrolaceae 147 Satureja acinos
Scheele 109
montana L. 186
O SaxiIraga rotundiIolia L. 137
SaxiIragaceae 48, 137
Quercus 120 Scabiosa ochroleuca L. 76
-- cerrisL. .120 Scrophularia alata Gibb. 94
conIerta 120 canina L. 188
Irainetto Ten. 120 nodosa L. 93
pedunculata hrh. 120 umbrosa Dum. 94
petraea (Matuschka) Liebl. 119 Scrophulariaceae 71, 93, 112, H3
pubescens iild. 120 Scutellaria galericulata L. 108
robur L. 120 Sedum acre L. 47 sessilis Ehrh.119
album L. 136
maximum (L.) Suter 47 R roseum (L.) Scop. 47
Ranunsulaceae 36, 97, 125, 133 Senecio L. 84
(202)
Iicaria L. 3S nemorensis L. 85
repens L. 37 vulgaris L. 85 Reseda L. 45
Siderites L. 69
lutea L. 46 montana L. 69
luteola L. 45 scardica Grsb. 69 Resedaceae 45
Siiene otites (L.) ibel 35 Rhamnaceae 126 Silybium marianum
(L.) Gaertn. 190 Rhamus catharticus L. 127 Sinapis alba L. 45
Irangula L. 127 - arvensis L. 45 Rhinanthus minor L. 74
nigra L. 44 Rhodiola rosea L. 47 Sisymbrium oIIicinale L. 41
Rhododendron ponticum L. 177 poiyceratium L. 41
strictissimum L. 41 Typha angustiIolia L, 95
Solanaceae 70, 111, 152 Typhaceae 95 Solanum dulcamara L. 112
nigrum L. 152 Solidago virgaurea L. 78
Stachys L. 69, 185 lmaceae 120
annua L. 70 lmus campestris L. 120
germanica L. 185 minor Milt. 120
obliqua .K. 70 mbelliIerae 60, 141
oIIicinalis (L.) Trev. 185 rtica dioica L. 121
recta L, 70 rticaceae 121
Steilaria media (L.) Vill. 133
Succisa pratensis L. 113 V
Symphytum oIIicinale L. 106
Syringa vulgaris L. 103 Vaccinium myrtillus L. 178
uliginosum L. 178
T vitis-idaea L. 177
Valeriana oIIicinalis L. 155
Tamus communis L. 129 Vaierianaceae 155, 188
Tanacetum vulgare L. 83 Veratrum album L. 8V
Taraxacum oIIicinale L. 88 nigrum L, 96
Telekia spectosa (Schreb.) Baumg 82 Verbascum L. 71
Thalictrum aquilegiIolium L. 99 densiIlorum Bertol. 72
minus L. 38 phlomoides L. 71 Teucrium 182
thapsiIorme L. 72
chamaedrys L. 183 Verbena oIIicinalis L. 107
scordium I-. 183 Verbenaceae 107
polium L. 150 Veronica L. 112
Thlaspi arvence L. 136 beccabunga L. 113 Thymeleaceae 174
oIIicinalis L. 112
Thymus sp. diversae 187 spicata L. 113
Tilia L. 56 Viburnum opulus L. 155
argentea DesI. 57 Vinca herbacea .K, 104
cordata L. 57 minor L. 104
grandiIolia Ehrh. 57 Viola L. 100
parviIolia Ehrh. 57 odorata L. 101
platyphytos Scop. 57 tricolor L. 38, 101
tomentosa Moench 57 Violaceae 58, 100
Tiliaceae 56 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Med. 148
Tragopogon pratensis L. 87 Viscum album L. 35
Tribulus terrestris L. 54
TriIolium arvense L. 140
pratense L. 168
Trigonelia coerulea (L.) Ser. 100 ygophyllaceae 54
Tussilago IarIara L. 84
(203)
CTTPAHHE
Vno................................................................................................ 5
Pannonanno cnpane n onasnane na nnxnre............................. 7
3apanenn sa cnpane pacrennx................................................. 8
Mop]onornx na pacrennxra.......................................................... 10
Hnxr.............................................................. .................................. 10
Hno................................................................................................ 14
Hncr................................................................................................ 15
Crno............................................................................................ 20
Kopen............................................................................................. 20
Bropnunn opasynannx n pacrennxra........................................... 21
Paora c rannnnre npn onpeenxne na nnxnre......................... 22
Tannnn sa onpeenxne na orennre nncmn pacrennx............... 23
nnxn es nnerone( Hanparonnnn n Ionocemennn pacrennx)... 24
Tannna sa onpeenxne na nnxnre or oren Hanparonnnn pacrennx
Pteridophyta ............................................................................ 24
Cem. Hnaynonn Lycopodiaceae................................................ 25
Cem. Xnomonn Equisetaceae.................................................... 25
Cem. Opnononanparonn Hypolepidiaceae................................ 26
Cem. Hsrpannnuenn Aspleniaceae ......................................... 26
Cem. Xencxonanparonn Athyriaceae....................................... 28
Cem. Mxxonanparonn Aspidiaceae........................................ 28
Tannna sa onpeenxne na nnxnre or oren
Ionocemennn pacrennx Pinophyta.......................................... 29
Cem. Foponn Pinaceae.............................................................. 29
Cem. Knnapnconn Cupressaceae............................................... 30
Cem. E]eponn Ephedraceae.................................................... 30
Tannna sa onpeenxne na ronemnre xnone na oren Hoxpnrocemennn (Hnernn)
pacrennx MagnoHophyta ....................................................... 31
Fnnxn c xnrn nnerone................................................................. 32
nycemeennn pacrennx............................................................... 32
Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx ...................................................... 32
Cem. Bponn Salicaceae........................................................ 34
Cem. Hmenonn Loranthaceae.................................................... 35
Cem. Konnrnnxonn Aristolochiaceae....................................... 35
Cen. Kapam]nnonn Caryophyllaceae .................................... 35
Cem. Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae ........................................... 36
Cem. Kncenrpnonn Berberidaceae......................................... 39
Cem. Maxonn Papaveraceae...................................................... 39
Cem. Kpcronnernn Brassicaceae (CruciIerae)........................ 40
Cem. Peseonn Resedaceae ................................................... 45
Cem. eenenonn Crassulaceae............................................... 46
Cem. Kamenonomxonn SaxiIragaceae....................................... 48
Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae...................................................... 48
Cem. Foonn Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) ................................ 51
Cem. Tpaysanonn ygophyllaceae.......................................... 54
Cem. Mneuxonn Euphorbiaceae................................................ 55
Cem. Cee]uenn Rutaceae........................................................ 55
Cem. Cmpannxonn Anacardiaceae........................................... 56
Cem. Hnnonn Tiliaceae.............................................................. 56
Cem. 3nnnxonn Hypencaceae ............................................... 58
Cem. Tnxnonn Cucurtntaceae..................................................... 58
(204)
Cem. Bponxonn Onagraceae (Oenotheraceae)..................... 59
Cem. pxnonn Cornaceae......................................................... 60
Cem. Cennnxonnernn Apiaceae (mbelliIerae)....................... 60
Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx............................................................. 64
Cem. Hrnnxonn Priraulaceae.................................................... 64
Cem. Macnnnonn Oleaceae...................................................... 66
Cem. Tnnrxnonn Gentianaceae................................................ 66
Cem. Ipananonncrnn Boraginaceae ..................................... 67
Cem. Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae (Labiatae).............................. 68
Cem. Kapro]onn Solanaceae................................................... 70
Cem. Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae....................................... 71
Cem. Fpomonn Rubiaceae......................................................... 74
Cem. Fsonn CapriIoliaceae...................................................... 75
Cem, Hyrauxonn Dipsaceae..................................................... 76
Cem. Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae (Compositae)..................... 76
Enocemeennn pacrennx............................................................ 88
Cem. Kpemonn Liliaceae.......................................................... 89
Cem. Hepynnxonn Iridaceae..................................................... 89
Fnnxn c xa]xnn nnerone n ctnnernx........................................... 91
nycemeennn pacrennx............................................................. 91
Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx ..................................................... 91
Cem. Bponn Salicaceae................................... .................... 91
Cem. Fpesonn Betulaceae........................................................ 91
Cem. Hecxonn Corylaceae........................................................ 92
Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx............................................................ 92
Cem. Konnrnnxonn Aristolochiaceae........................................ 93
Cem. Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae........................................ 93
Cem. Xnnonnexonn Plantaginaceae......................................... 94
Enocemeennn pacrennx............................................................. 95
Cem. Hanyponn Typhaceae .................................................... 95
Cem. Kpemonn Liliaceae........................................................... 96
Fnnxn cc cnnn n cnnto-nnoneronn nnerone.............................. 97
nycemeennn pacrennx................................................................ 97
Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx........................................................... 97
Cem. Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae ............................................. 97
Cem. Foonn Fabaceae............................................................... 99
Cem. Tenuapxonn Polygalaceae..................................................100
Cem. Temenyronn Violaceae...................................................... 100
Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx............................................................... 101
Cem. Capxo]aenn Plumbaginaceae............................................ 102
Cem. Macnnnonn Oleaceae ..................................................... 103
Cem. Tnnrxnonn Gentianaceae.................................................. 103
Cem. Tononn Apocynaceae...................................................... 104
Cem. Ipananonncrnn Boraginaceae ........................................ 105
Cem. Bpnnxonn Verbenaceae................................................ 106
Cem. Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae (Labiatae)................................. 106
Cem. Kapro]onn Solanaceae..................................................... 111
Cem.Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae.......................................... 112
Cem. Hyrauxonn Dipsaceae........................................................ 113
Cem. Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae (Compositae)........................ 114
Fnnxn cc senenn nnerone n ctnnernx ....................................... 116
nycemeennn pacrennx................................................................. 116
Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx .........................................................116
Cem. Bponn Salicaceae ........................................................ 117
(205)
Cem. Fpesonn Betulaceae ........................................................ 118
Cem. Fyxonn Fagaceae............................................................... 118
Cem. Fpxcronn lmaceae........................................................... 120
Cem. Konononn Cannabaceae.................................................... 120
Cem. Konpnnonn rticaceae...................................................... 121
Cem. Hanaonn Polygonaceae................................................... 121
Cem. Hooonn Chenopodiaceae.............................................. 123
Cem. Kapam]nnonn Caryophyllaceae ..................................... 124
Cem. Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae................................................ 125
Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae....................................................... 125
Cem. Mneuxonn Euphorbiaceae . ...............................................126
Cem. 3pnacrenonn Rhamnaceae...............................................126
Cem. Fpmnxnonn Araliaceae.................................................... 127
Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx.............................................................. 128
Cem. Macnnnonn Oleaceae ..................................................... 128
Enocemeennn pacrennx.............................................................. 128
Cem. Kpemonn Liliaceae............................................................. 129
Cem. Fpeonn Dioscoreaceae..................................................... 129
Cem. Xnrnn Poaceae (Gramineae)............................................ 130
Cem. 3mnxpnnxonn Araceae...................................................... 131
Fnnxn c enn nnerone..................................................................... 132
nycemeennn pacrennx................................................................ 132
Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx ........................................................ 132
Cem. Kapam]nnonn Caryophyllaceae........................................ 133
Cem. Hmrnxonn Ranunculaceae................................................. 133
Cem. Kpcronnernn Brassicaceae (CruciIerae)......................... 134
Cem. eenenonn Crassulaceae................................................. 136
Cem. Kamenonomxonn SaxiIragaceae......................................... 137
Cem. Pocnnonn Paraassiaceae...................................................... 137
Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae........................................................ 138
Cem. Foonn Fabaceae (Papilionaceae)..................................... 140
Cem. Henonn Linaceae............................................................... 141
Cem. Cnesonn Malvaceae........................................................... 141
Cem. Cennnxonnernn Apiaceae (mbelliIerae)..................... ... 141
Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx.............................................................. 146
Cem. Mypanenn Pyrolaceae....................................................... 147
Cem. Macnnnonn Oleaceae........................................................ 147
Cem. Vcrpenonn Asclepiadaceae............................................... 148
Cem. Kyxynnuonpexonn Cuscutaceae..................................... 148
Cem. Honernnonn Convolvulaceae............................................ 148
Cem. Ipananonncrnn Boraginaceae ........................................ 149
Cem. Vcrnonnernn Lamiaceae (Labiatae)................................. 150
Cem. Kapro]onn Solanaceae..................................................... 152
Cem. Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae......................................... 153
Cem. Fpomonn Rubiaceae.......................................................... 153
Cem. Fsonn CapriIoliaceae...................................................... 154
Cem. nnxnxonn Valerianaceae................................................ 155
Cem. Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae (Compositae).................... ..... 156
Enocemeennn pacrennx.............................................................. 158
Cem. Kpemonn Liliaceae............................................................. 158
Cem. Koxnuenn Amaryllidaceae ................................................ 159
Fnnxn c uepnenn n posonn nnerone............................................... 161
nycemeennn pacrennx .............................................................. 161
Hecpacnoneneunn pacrennx ........................................................ 161
(206)
Cem. Hanaonn Polygonaceae ................................................... 162
Cem. Kapam]nnonn Caryophyllaceae ..................................... 163
Cem. Foxyponn Paeoniaceae .................................................. 164
Cem. Maxonn Papaveraceae....................................................... 165
Cem. Kpcronnernn Brassicaceae (CruciIerae) ... .................. 166
Cem. Posonnernn Rosaceae........................................................ 167
Cem. Foonn Fabaceae (Papilionaceae)..................................... 167
Cem. 3panenonn Geraniaceae ................................................ 169
Cem. Cee]uenn Rutaceae......................................................... 171
Cem. Tenuapxonn Polygalaceae................................................. 171
Cem. Cnesonn Malvaceae ........................................................ 172
Cem. Fxcnopnuenn Thymelaeaceae........................................ 174
Cem. Fnarnenn Lythraceae..........................................................175
Cpacnoneneunn pacrennx............................................................... 175
Cem. Hnpenonn Ericaceae.......................................................... 176
Cem. Hrnnxonn Primulaceae...................................................... 178
Cem. Tnnrxnonn Gentianaceae................................................... 179
Cem. Iopunnuenn Menyanthaceae ...........................................180
Cem. Ipananonncrnn Boraginaceae ........................................ 180
Cem. Vcronnernn Lamiaceae (Labiaiae)....................................182
Cem. Xnnennuenn Scrophulariaceae..........................................188
Cem. Cnoxnonnernn Asteraceae (Compositae)......................... 188
Enocemeennn pacrennx.............................................................. 191
Cem. Kpemonn Liliaceae............................................................. 191
Cem. Hepynnxonn Iridaceae....................................................... 191
Cem. Canenonn Orchidaceae...................................................... 192
Asyuen yxasaren na nrapcxnre nmena..................................... 194
Asyuen yxasaren na narnncxnre nmena....................................... 199
(207)
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