EVS: Campus Design Project

Gaurav Garg Pranav Kumar A Pavan Kishore Tanmay Balwa Nishant Joshi

Flow of the presentation

Energy audit of the present campus Estimation of energy consumption for permanent campus Ways to produce energy on campus Ways to reduce consumption of energy Waste management

Energy Audit of present Campus

Methodology:

Assessment of number of tube-lights, fans, ACs and all the electronic equipments in the campus was carried out and we show the results in the next slide.

3% 7%

Classrooms
Tube lights 5% 15%

Hostels
25%

15%

light equipment
AC & fan computing equipment

11%

Fans and ACs

Computing equipment OHP and TV 0% 19% 30% 10%

64%

31%

24%

elecronic equipment other

Labs
Chemical Lab Electrical Lab Chemistry Lab Work Shop

41%

Physics Lab. 0% 4% 6%

Corridors
21% 4% 5% light equipment AC & fan 30%

Administrative Offices
Lighting Equipment Fans And ACs Computing Equipment

70%

elecronic equipment
other

60%

Office Equipment Other

Overall Wattage
9% 14% 9% lighting equipment

A.C./fans
Computing equipments

3%

41%
24%

Electronic equipments Lab equipments Others

Estimation of energy consumption of permanent campus

Assumptions

A total strength of 9000 people on campus has been assumed Area of the campus assumed to be 450 acres Food consumption and wastage has been assumed to increase linearly with the number of people Assuming 5000 residents take bath everyday (Pretty reasonable, isnt it? ;-) ) We have appropriately scaled down the data taken from IIT KGP keeping the campus area in mind

Assumed Wattage breakup

Source: IIT KGP Overall Wattage
2.50%

Pumps Illumination Air circulation

35%

25.65%

Computers HVAC
4.48%

Lab appratus and machines

9.37%

26%

Approximated energy required in a campus

(IIT KGP stats)

Approximate Gross Annual Energy Consumption: 98,000 GJ Approximate per capita consumption of electricity: 2402 kWh/year Gross Annual Carbon footprint in equivalent tons of CO2 : 18,000 tons

Energy generation on campus

Biogas

Kitchen Waste Human Waste

Solar PV Solar Water heating

Biogas
(From Kitchen waste)

Calculation done for the present mess: Kitchen waste : 40 kg/day Number of persons : 450-500/day Biogas produced @ 0.6m3/kg of kitchen waste LPG used : 38 kg/day (2 commercial cylinders @ Rs.1200 per cylinder) Efficiency of plant is 70% and 75% of waste is utilized with 60% methane content Calorific value of LPG: 41.7 MJ/kg Calorific value of biogas: 21 MJ/m3

Outcome

Energy produced is 560 MJ from the kitchen waste and that is equivalent to 10.75 kg of LPG.

Amount saved per day: Rs. 678/Cost of installation of plant: Rs. 20000/- (including operational and maintenance costs) Assuming 250 working days, money saved in an year over LPG is Rs. 169500/-

Extrapolating to permanent campus

Assuming 150g of kitchen waste per person. Total waste generated is 1012 kg/day(@75% utilization of waste) Energy produced through biogas: 10416 MJ/day Total LPG saved: 250 kg equivalent to 13 cylinders Savings: Rs. 15,775/day => Rs. 39,43,750/year

Cost of 1 ton plant: Rs.5,00,000/Operational and maintenance cost: Rs. 10,000/- per month

One ton Bio-Gas plant

Biogas
(From Human waste)
2.5 lbs of waste per day of which 2 lbs is urine. 0.5 lb => 200g of feces per day. Assuming 75% utilization, and biogas production value 0.028m3 per kg, 907.2 MJ of energy can be generated. This is equivalent to 21.75 kg of LPG energy. Savings per day: Rs. 1200/ Yearly saving: Rs. 4,38,000/ Plant setup: Rs. 10,00,000/ Maintenance cost: Rs. 12,000/ Pay back time: 2 to 3 years

Solar PV
(For street lights) assumptions considering 450 acre land and IIT B stats
Type Power (W) No. of lights

Filament lamp

100
40 200

20
100 500

Common street

CFL

sodium/ mercury vapor lamp

Metal Halide Lamp

500

Football
Playgrounds Hockey Basketball Volleyball Badminton

800
800 800 800 250

24
16 24 24 16

Analysis

Operation hour for street light = 8 hours Operation hour for playgrounds light = 4hours Energy requirement daily = 1100 kWh Cost of electricity = 1100*5*350 = Rs.1925000/year

Average Daily Solar Radiation (kWh/m2day): 5.56 (Latitude) Average Daily Solar Radiation (kWh/m2day): 5.22 (Horizontal) CSi based PV module has efficiency = 13.6% Electricity generated (kWh/m2-day) = 13.6%*5.39 = 0.733 The area of the PV module required =1100/0.733 = 1500 m2

Cost of CSi based PV modules was between 90 to 110 Rs/Wp in Sep. 2010
Cost of CSi based PV modules = 14000 Rs/m2

Total investment = 1500*14000 = Rs. 2.1 Crore Payback time = 15 years

Solar Heater
(Water heating) assumptions

20 lit of hot water for a day. Hot water demand for 100 days People using hot water daily is 5000

Hot water requirement= 5000*20 = 100000 lit Typically capacity of a solar water heater of 2 m2is 100 lit/day Solar water heater required = 100000/100 = 1000 Cost of installation of one solar water heater = 15000 Rs. Total cost of installation = 1000*15000 = Rs. 1.5 Crore

Geyser cost analysis

Approximately 2 kW geysers of 25 lit capacities are required for 15 people. Number of geyser required = 5000/15 = 334 (approx.) And daily use of geyser is around 8 hr. /day Cost of operation of a year = 2*8*334*100= 534400 kWh Total expense with geysers = 534400 x 5 Rs/kWh = 2672000 Rs. Payback time = 8years

Energy consumption reduction

Techniques

Passive Solar cooling Gloss painting and gloss flooring Insulating walls and ceilings of rooms Power Factor improvement Thin client computing Effective management of resources

Passive Solar Cooling

Construction of buildings in such a way so as to improve the ventilation and flow of air through the building will enhance the efficiency of energy consumption.
Cross Ventilation Insulators

Roof Vents

Earth Tubes

Winter day open to reflect sun inside (Left) Winter night, half way closed (Right)

Summer night half open to reflect sun inside (Left) Summer day (Right)

Gloss painting and Gloss flooring

Light entering into room gets reflected of gloss paints and floors are used which reflect about 60% of light entering into the room. Assuming, the given classroom size of our present campus and the lightning requirements, 64.648 kWh is consumed per day. Given 60% reflection in light after glossy paints, 43.314 kWh is only consumed which saves Rs. 106 per day. Paint costs Rs. 1000 more than normal paint for painting the classroom. Hence,

Insulating walls and ceilings of rooms

Around 55% of most of the electricity bills are due to the heating and cooling of the rooms. Insulating the walls will save up to Rs. 462/- per m2 per year

Power factor improvement

APFC plant

Automatic Power Factor Correction 0.95 to 0.99 Reduction in Maximum Demand -107 kVA/month Annual Saving -Rs.3.85 lakhs Cost of the APFC unit Rs. 2.5 lakhs (with 150 kVAr Capacitor units) Simple Payback Period -8 months

Use of electronic chokes instead of electronic ballast will reduce the energy consumption

Effective management of resources

Having a single switch inside the room which will switch off the power supply to the room. Placing infrared sensors in the corridors with a separation of 5m between each strip of sensors which will activate the lights with in 5m if anyone crosses the strip and automatic switch off after few minutes will reduce the usage of corridor lights when not necessary. Insulating the geysers with insulating materials will improve the efficiency of heating. Having small light inlets on the ceiling fitted with glasses coated with vanadium oxides will allow only lightning into the room and stop heat from flowing.

Power supply to the geysers has to be cut off after a specific time after starting if the water in the geyser are not used up. This can be achieved by keeping a check on the water flow into the geysers and a clock. Use CFLs wherever possible instead of high wattage bulbs to save power consumption giving better lightning Buy equipment which are high on energy savings. May be expensive but payback time will be quick Clean the filters in ACs and water coolers as the machinery takes extra energy to purify air/water that comes from these unclean filters.

Environmental benefits of Thin Computing

Why it matters?

What are thin clients?

Thin clients are small, silent devices which communicate with a central server to deliver a computing experience to the user that is largely identical to that of a PC. They have no hard drives, no moving parts, minimum processing power and a relatively small amount of RAM. The average power consumption of 244 Watts per central server is based on the 2005 world data for volume servers

Comparison with Desktop PCs

PM - Power Management

Comparison with Desktop PCs

Soil Bio Technology

Various SBT Techniques

Purification of Drinking Water Sewage Purification Multi Level Sewage Treatment Rain water harvesting Storm water Purification Swimming Pool Water treatment Air Purification Hospital waste Treatment & Disposal Municipal solid waste Treatment & Disposal

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