Alizarin Crimson: Cool, slightly bluish red with smoky glaze.

19th century "lake" color made by the fusing a dye on to a substrate. Only Alizarin Crimson is still commonly used by painters today. Pigment: Synthetic 1:2 dihydroxyanthraquinone on alumina (PR 83), Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness III, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Alizarin Permanent: Cool, slightly bluish red with smoky glaze. Robert Gamblin has mixed lightfast pigments to form a true replacement for Alizarin Crimson. Slightly more intense in tint, but excellent match in masstone and transparency. Pigment: Quinacridone red b, perylene red, ultramarine blue (PV 19, PR 149, PB 29) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Brown Pink: A lightfast replacement for a popular color originally made from berries. Pigment: Transparent synthetic iron oxide, perylene (PR101, PR149), Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Cadmium Red Light: Orange/red first synthesized in 1910. Because of its muted tints, excellent color for natural light painting. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (PR 108) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 5, OPAQUE, MSDS Cadmium Red Medium: Darker than Cadmium Red Light. Useful medium red with strong opaque masstone and muted tint; light will not penetrate its surface. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (PR

108) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 5, OPAQUE, MSDS

Cadmium Red Deep: Darkest Cadmium Red with very muted tint. Consider Perylene Red if you prefer a brighter tint or mix Perylene Red with the tint of Cad Red Deep. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (PR 108) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 5, OPAQUE, MSDS Caucasian Flesh Tone: Base color for figure painting, less pink than most flesh tones on the market. To create base for other skin types, consider adding Olive Green, Yellow Ochre, Van Dyke Brown or Venetian Red. Consider using as warm white. Pigment: Titanium dioxide, iron oxide, concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (PW 6, PY 43, PR 108) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, OPAQUE, MSDS

The following are all warm reds in masstone:

Napthol Red: Modern organic warm red that closely matches Cadmium Red Medium in masstone. Makes more intense tints, more transparent. Excellent for high key painting. Pigment: Napthol AS-D (PR112) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness II, Series 2, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Napthol Scarlet: Intense warm modern red that replaces Vermillion. Consider using Portland Greys instead of white to make tints. Pigment: Napthol AS-OL (PR9) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness II, Series 2, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Perylene Red: Elegant modern cool red with yellow undertone. Its transparency looks like the inside color of a flame. Makes high key mixtures. Pigment: Perylene (PR 149) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Quinacridone Magenta: Coolest quin red. Makes high key tints and in mixtures makes beautiful transparent violets. Pigment: Quinacridone Y (PR 122) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Quinacridone Red: Cool lightfast modern red with high key tint. Useful in place of Alizarin Crimson where more intense masstone and mixtures are desired. Pigment: Quinacridone red b (PV19) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Transparent Earth Orange: A truly transparent version of Burnt Sienna. The best of the Old Masters' paints were semi-transparent colors; these new hydrated Mars colors give painters more clarity in transparency and higher tinting strength. Excellent for glazing. Pigment: Transparent Mars Yellow, Transparent Mars Red (PY 42, PR 101) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Cadmium Orange: Gamblin Cadmium Colors are in regular chromatic steps from Cadmium Yellow Light through Cadmium Red Deep. Chemically pure Cadmium Orange is a medium opaque orange. No health labeling required. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (PO 20) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS Cadmium Orange Deep: A regular chromatic step between Cadmium Orange and Cadmium Red Light. The color of day lilies in late summer. Chemically pure. No health labeling required. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (PO 20) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS Mono Orange: A modern high key color with a pure hue and the same masstone (but more transparent) than Cadmium Orange, and it remains brighter in its tint when mixed with white. Painters cannot mix a secondary with the same purity of this pure hue Orange. A thinner layer makes a rich glowing glaze. Pigment: Monoacetolone (PO 62) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Transparent Orange: Our best-selling orange, this is Wolf Kahn's signature color. Noted for its transparency and warm red undertone, it can be used as a completely transparent glazing color. Painters can create subtle color shifts by applying various thicknesses of transparent orange. Pigment: Diarylide yellow HR 70, Perylene (PY83, PR149) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Cadmium Lemon: This is the coolest shade of Cadmium Yellow. Pigment: CP cadmium zinc sulfide (PY35) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS Cadmium Yellow Light: Cadmium Yellow Light is a bright, cool chemically pure Cadmium color - one step warmer than our Cadmium Lemon. Excellent opacity Pigment: Concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (PY 35) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS Cadmium Yellow Medium: Pure medium yellow with great opacity and naturally muted tint. This chemically pure cadmium color replaced toxic chrome yellow for the Impressionists. Most useful for natural light painting. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfide (PY 37) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS Cadmium Yellow Deep: Chemically pure deep yellow Cadmium color has excellent opacity and muted tint. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium sulfide (PY 37) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS

Before the Industrial Revolution, painters used Yellow Ochres or Orpiment (sulfide of arsenic). Occasionally painters found some Gamboge, a strongly colored secretion from trees that resembles amber. Gamboge was used for glazing before Indian Yellow became available in the middle of the 19th century. To make Indian Yellow, cows were force fed mango leaves and given no water. Their urine was collected in dirt balls and sold as "pigment." The resulting artists' color was a warm transparent glazing yellow. But Indian Yellow was lost somewhere between the decline of cruelty to animals and the rise of manufactured pigments. In the 20th century, the most transparent of the yellows that we at Gamblin call "Indian Yellow" is a light stable diarylide pigment. In its transparency, it makes a glowing warm yellowas if a painting were suddenly lit with summer sunshine.

Indian Yellow: This color has been prized for hundreds of years. But only now has the color been made with a completely lightfast pigment. Pigment: Diarylide yellow HR70 (PY83) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS

A color with obscure origins, Naples Yellow was originally lead antimoniate. Assyrian artists used this pigment to make ceramic glaze. Contemporary history of this color begins in the 18th century but "Naples Yellow" means more a color than a chemical composition. Rubens used this color extensively for skin tones. Because the original pigment is lead based, Robert Gamblin formulated an excellent copy at a reasonable price.

Naples Yellow Hue: A pale opaque earthy yellow. Pigment: Zinc oxide, concentrated cadmium sulfide, natural hydrated iron oxide (PW 4, PY 37, PY 43) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, OPAQUE, MSDS

Hansa yellow pigments were first made in Germany just before World War I. They are organic pigments that are semi-transparent and lightfast (Hansa Yellow Light is Lightfastness II, and Hansa Yellow Medium & Deep are Lightfastness I). In their masstones, Hansa Yellows resemble Cadmium Yellows but the similarity ends there. Hansa Yellows make more intense tints and cleaner secondaries, especially when mixed with other organic (modern) colors like Phthalo Blue and Green. Because they are more transparent, Hansa Yellows have great value as glazing colors. Painters can also take advantage of the "temperature" shifts of the Hansas - from coolest yellow (Hansa Yellow Light) to warm golden yellow (Hansa Yellow Deep).

Hansa Yellow Light: Hansa Yellows are not Cadmium wannabes! Coolest yellow. Cleaner in masstone, brighter in tint, more transparent, try using Hansa Yellow Light instead of Cad Yellow Light where transparency is desired. Also useful to intensify tint of Cadmium Yellows. Pigment: Arylide yellow (PY 3) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness II, Series 3, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Hansa Yellow Medium: Its masstone is very similar to Cadmium Yellow Medium but semitransparent. Clean, bright tint. Use in place of Cadmium Yellow where higher key tint is desired. Also Hansa Yellows' transparencies make them useful for mixing cleaner, brighter secondaries. Pigment: Arylide yellow (PY 74) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Hansa Yellow Deep: While this color has not been tested for Lightfastness by ASTM, it is being used to paint the yellow stripe on city streets! Golden yellow, warmest of the Gamblin Hansas. Pigment: Arylide yellow (PY 75) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness NT, Series 3, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Terre Verte: Historically used as a bole for gilding and as underpainting for flesh tones in Medieval painting (verdaccio), Terre Verte, or green earth, was made from volcanic celadonite and/or a mineral of sedimentary origin; Robert Gamblin mixed this color because true natural green earth pigment is unpredictable in color and availability. Gamblin Terre Verte is an excellent color for grisaille; it has a weak masstone and very muted tint. Pigment: Natural hydrated iron oxide, hydrated chromium oxide, bone black (PY 43, PG 18, PBk 9) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Sap Green: Originally made from berries, this true lightfast color is a predictable mixture that can be easily warmed with Hansa Yellows or cooled with blues. Pigment: Diarylide yellow HR 70, copper phthalocyanine (PY 83, PB 15:1)

Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Olive Green: A predictable mixed earthy green of the natural world that can be used opaquely. Pigment: Iron oxide, Arylide yellow, copper phthalocyanine (PBr 7, PY 74, PB 15:1) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Viridian: First synthesized in 1859, nontoxic Viridian replaced Verdigris and Emerald Green as a glazing color by the turn of the 20th century. It has good tinting strength, its tint muted like colors of the natural world. Pigment: Hydrated chromium oxide (PG 18) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Chromium Oxide Green: A muted, earthy, very opaque green used by landscape painters. Pigment: Anhydrous chromium sesquioxide (PG17) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, OPAQUE, MSDS Cadmium Green: A bright, light green mixture of Viridian and Cadmium Yellow. Opaque and useful to make muted colors of the natural world. No health labeling required. Pigment: Concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide, hydrated chromium oxide (PY 35, PG 18) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS

Cobalt Green: An undervalued cool green with moderate masstone and very muted tint. No combination of blue and yellow will yield this unusual color of the American Southwest. Pigment: Oxides of cobalt and zinc (PG 19) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 4, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Phthalo Green: A dark bluish green more closely resembles Verdigris than Viridian. First manufactured in 1927, Phthalo Green has a very high tinting strength and transparency. Consider using Phthalo Emerald, a warmer and more natural-looking color. Pigment: Chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (PG 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Phthalo Emerald (Green Yellow Shade): Had this warm version of Phthalo Green been made first, Phthalo Green would be a very popular color today. Pigment: Chlorinated and bromated copper phthalocyanine (PG 36) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Permanent Green Light: The color of the first shoots of spring grass-bright and warm. Pigment: Arylide yellow, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (PY 74, PG 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Emerald Green: An important color for painters who prefer the direct painting techniques of the Impressionists. This mixed color replaces the toxic arsenic-based original. Pigment: Chlorinated and bromated copper phthalocyanine, titanium dioxide, arylide yellow (PG36, PW6, PY74) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Prussian Blue: First synthetic color of the Industrial Revolution, discovered by accident in 1704 while a chemist was trying to formulate artificial crimson. Warm blue with more muted tint than Phthalo Blue. It has a high tinting strength, is lightfast, and is especially beautiful in its transparency. Pigment: Ferri-ammonium ferrocyanide (PB 27:1) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, SEMITRANSPARENT, MSDS Cobalt Blue: "True blue," first manufactured in 1804. This color is well worth the price because of its working properties and unique color, which cannot be mixed. Pigment: Oxides of cobalt & aluminum (PB 28) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 5, SEMITRANSPARENT, MSDS Cobalt Teal: An elegant and intense pure hue that replaces Turquoise. Pigment: Oxides of cobalt and aluminum (PB28) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil

Lightfastness I, Series 4, OPAQUE, MSDS

Ultramarine Blue: A great glazing color, warm Ultra Blue is one of the few mineral colors that is completely transparent. Lightfast with moderate tinting strength. Consider using Alizarin Permanent instead of Alizarin Crimson to mix violets. Pigment: Complex silicate of sodium & aluminum with sulfur (PB 29) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Cerulean Blue: Mixed metal oxide from the early 19th century with an important place on the mineral palette because blues are rarely shifted to the cool, green side, like this one. Very muted in its tint so most valuable as a pure hue. Pigment: Oxides of cobalt & tin (PB 35) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 6, OPAQUE, MSDS Cerulean Blue Hue: A medium, semitransparent blue. Other Series 2 blues are transparent, so Robert Gamblin formulated this color for painters looking for more opacity at a reasonable price. Cerulean Blue Hue has a higher tinting strength than its namesake. Pigment: Zinc oxide, Copper phthalocyanine (PW 4, PB 15) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, SEMITRANSPARENT, MSDS

Phthalo Blue: Warm blue first made for printmaking ink (cyan) to replace Prussian Blue in the 1920's. With clean, pure masstone and transparency, Phthalo Blue, like all modern colors, has high tinting strength. Pigment: Copper phthalocyanine (PB 15:1) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Manganese Blue Hue: Gamblin's version is an excellent recreation of the original color, successfully replacing an obsolete pigment. Cool, transparent blue with green undertone; especially useful for painting sky and water. Pigment: Copper phthalocyanine (PB 15:4) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Phthalo Turquoise: Perfect transparent marriage of blue and green, this transparent Turquoise has high tinting strength and makes a high key tint. Excellent for painting tropical water. Pigment: Copper phthalocyanine, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine (PB15:2, PG 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Indanthrone Blue: An excellent, all-purpose blue with a beautiful, smoky glaze. Pigment: Indanthrone (PB60) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Manganese Violet: A good drying color that makes a natural-looking tint, this warm, reddish, semitransparent violet is made from the compound manganese phosphate, first discovered in 1868. Pigment: Manganese ammonium phosphate (PV 16) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Cobalt Violet: Deep violet that is cool in its masstone (and less red than Manganese Violet), Cobalt Violet is a pure hue that cannot be mixed from other colors. Although very muted in its tint, it is a marvel as a top coat color. Cobalt Violet greys down considerably when mixed with white. Pigment: Cobalt phosphate (PV 14) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 6, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Ultramarine Violet: Mineral color that greys into the colors of the natural world. Warmer than Cobalt Violet, cooler than Manganese Violet and more transparent than either, Ultramarine Violet is one of many specialty pigments made by German chemists during the color revolution of the 19th century. Pigment: Complex silicate of sodium & aluminum with sulfur (PV 15) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Dioxazine Purple: A cold color with the strongest tinting strength and deepest transparency of all pigments, modern Diox is useful as a high key tint. This purple is so strong that some use it as a black. Diox makes a cold intense tint. Use sparingly. Pigment: Carbazol dioxazine (PV 23)

Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Quinacridone Violet: Robert Gamblin loves violets, which is why he added this strong, clean quin violet. More intense than Ultra Violet, cooler than Manganese Violet. Pigment: Quinacridone Violet (PV 19) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS
CLICK SWATCH TO [+]

Burnt Sienna: Natural calcined (roasted) earth pigment. More opaque today than 200 years ago. For greater transparency, consider Gamblin Transparent Earth Colors and Van Dyke Brown. Pigment: Calcined natural iron oxide (PBr 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Burnt Umber: Vigorous drier due to high manganese content. Burnt Umber is useful as an underpainting drawing color. Because of high oil content, use thinly in under layers. Pigment: Calcined natural iron oxide, containing manganese (PBr 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, SEMI-TRANSPARENT MSDS Raw Sienna: Traditional earth yellow glazing color, originally mined in Tuscany. Consider using Gamblin Transparent Earth Yellow for more transparency. Pigment: Natural iron oxide (PBr 7), Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Raw Umber: Vigorous drier due to high manganese content (which also gives Umbers their dark color). Expect oil paintings made with Umbers to darken somewhat over time. Pigment: Natural iron oxide containing manganese (PBr 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Ochre is clay and silica colored with various kinds of iron oxides. Yellow Ochre: Clay and silica colored with various kinds of iron oxides, ochre has been used in art-making media since earliest history. Muted earthy yellow brown with good hiding power and muted tint. For brighter color or more transparency, consider Transparent Earth Yellow. Pigment: Natural hydrated iron oxide (PY 43) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Gold Ochre: An intense, glowing, more transparent ochre that fills an important place in the Gamblin "Color Space." Pigment: Natural hydrated iron oxide, diarylide yellow (PY43, PY83) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 2, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Indian Red: Originally a natural, more purple iron oxide imported from India. First synthesized in the 18th century as a "Mars" color, contemporary Indian Red is very dense purplish red with great hiding power. Pigment: Synthetic red iron oxide (bluish shade) (PR 101) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, OPAQUE, MSDS Venetian Red: (formerly called Iron Red Light) Also a Mars Color, Venetian Red is lighter, more of a brick red. Dense, with great hiding power. Pigment: Synthetic red iron oxide (yellowish shade) (PR 101) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, OPAQUE, MSDS Asphaltum: A transparent brownish-black. One of the most popular colors of the 18th century recreated by Robert Gamblin, whose version is true to historic working properties - but lightfast and permanent. Pigment: Transparent Mars Red, Bone Black (PR 101, PBk 9) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS

Van Dyke Brown: Warmest Gamblin black. Good glazing color and useful for adding "gallery tone." Gamblin Van Dyke Brown, named for the great painter who loved this dark transparent color, matches the 18th c. original in masstone and tint but ours, unlike the peat moss-based original, is a permanent color. Pigment: Bone black, iron oxide (PBk 9, PBr 7) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 1, SEMI-TRANSPARENT, MSDS Gamblin now makes three truly transparent earth colors: Transparent Earth Orange: A color prized by contemporary masters, this is a truly transparent version of Burnt Sienna. These new hydrated Mars colors give painters more clarity in transparency and higher tinting strength. Excellent for glazing. Pigment: Transparent Mars Yellow, Transparent Mars Red (PY 42, PR 101) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Transparent Earth Red: This is a truly transparent version of Venetian Red. Add a small measure of a cool red like Alizarin Permanent or Diox Purple to adjust color for Indian Red. Pigment: Transparent Mars Red (PR 101) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS Transparent Earth Yellow: Transparent Yellow Ochre. Excellent for glazing. Pigment: Transparent Mars Yellow (PY 42) Vehicle: Alkali refined linseed oil Lightfastness I, Series 3, TRANSPARENT, MSDS