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forces) ; (3) stress singularities at sharp corners; and (4) accuracy of the derivatives of the displacements (stress and moment resultants). The reviewer is not happy with the numerous three-dimensional mode shape plots which are presented. These plotting methods are also used often by designers working with finite elements, and are apparently aimed at non-technical people who cannot understand the more accurate representations possible with two-dimensional contour plots. On the whole, the book is clearly written and interesting to read. It provides considerable useful information on the finite difference analysis of shells. The reviewer would definitely recommend it to engineers or researchers who are interested in such analysis. A. W. LENA
FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION (second edition), 1990, by Robert D. Blevins. New York : Van Nostrand reinhold. Price $59.95 ; pp.45 1.

The first edition of Flow-induced Vibration, published in 1977, was well received as an excellent compendium of results which emphasized the applied aspects of the subject. In this second edition the author has added one completely new chapter, and updated and expanded all other chapters, to reflect the greater amount of practical information now available in the published literature. Since the book is basically introductory and it assumes only a little knowledge of structural vibrations and fluid mechanics, further explanatory material is contained in appendices dealing, for example. with modal analysis, aerodynamic sources of sound and digital spectral and Fourier analysis. The text is organized according to the fluid dynamic mechanism for exciting vibration rather than by particular structural type, which of course may be subject to various fluid excitation mechanisms. There are many examples to illustrate the various topics, and more than 200 figures and 20 tables, with data and formulate needed to apply practical methods to a wide range of structures. The various chapters are now briefly described. First there is a brief Introduction (3 pp.). Chapter 1 (6 pp., 3 refs) develops the essential non-dimensional parameters such as reduced velocity, amplitude ratio, mass ratio, Reynolds number, Mach number, turbulence intensity, damping factor and Scruton number and their applications. Chapter 2 (30 pp., 52 refs) on ideal fluid models is the new chapter in this section edition, covering the fundamentals of potential flow, added mass, fluid coupling and vortex motion. Chapter 3 (61 pp., 178 refs) on vortex induced vibration includes stationary single, circular cylinders, Strouhal number, tube arrays, non-circular sections, non-stationary cylinders, models for vibration analysis, and approaches to the reduction of vortex-induced vibration of cylindrical structures in wind. Bridge decks and marine cables, etc., are also discussed. Chapter 4 (44 pp., 95 ref) deals primarily with galloping and flutter, also including the effects of vortex shedding and turbulence. Single- and two-degree-of-freedom results are presented, including static divergence and stall flutter. Chapter 5 (41 pp., 92 refs) on instability of tube and cylinder arrays covers various configurations and tube geometries. The theory of fluid-elastic instability is considered, as are the practical considerations for heat exchangers. The vibrations of a pair of cylinders in various staggered arrangements are given some detailed attention. Chapter 6 (44 pp., 80 refs) considers vibrations induced by oscillating flow-mainly inline-with reference to the Keulegan-Carpenter number and examples of ocean-waveinduced motions of marine risers and ships in a seaway.

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Chapter 7 (66 pp., 112 refs) deals with vibration induced by turbulence and sound. using elements of the theory of random vibrations. Applications are panels, tubes and rods, aircraft and buildings. The turbulent boundary layer of the Earth and the extreme wind data of the U.K. and U.S.A. are all considered, with appropriate analyses and response data.Techniques to reduce vibration due to turbulence are included. Chapter 8 (44 pp., 86 refs) examines damping of structures-fluidic. structural and material. Experimental data are presented for bridges, towers, buildings, piping and aircraft structures. Chapter 9 (35 pp., 83 refs) considers sound induced by vortex shedding from single and multiple circular cylinders, and from cavities. Chapter 10 (31 pp., 72 refs) deals with vibrations of a pipe containing an internal fluid flow. A theory is developed for pinned ends and cantilever pipes, and the effects of external axial flow are also discussed. Related phenomena include pipe acoustical forcing and leakage-induced vibration. The book, with its applications to many branches of engineering and its practical approach to many phenomena and structural forms, offers a valuable source of data, of results and of references. Its main use will be to practising engineers although it could be the basis of an advanced level textbook because of the excellent exercises and examples.
D. J. JOHNS

1990. by S. N. Sen. New Dehli: Wiley Eastern Limited. Price f22.20. ISBN 0 470 213647.
AND OSCILLATIONS,

ACOUSTICS. WAVES

This purports to be a textbook for senior undergraduate students of physics, wherein the author has attempted a compromise between mathematical rigour and physical understanding. This, of course, is an admirable aim. The contents of the book are amply indicated by the titles of the constituent chapters: viz., Simple harmonic vibration; Theory of forced vibration and resonance; Theory of coupled oscillations; Vibration in an extended medium; Vibration of strings; Vibration of bars and tuning forks; Vibration of membranes and rings; Vibration of air columns; Transmission of sound; Reflection, refraction, interference and diffraction of sound ; Reception and transformation of sound; Sound measurement and analysis; Acoustics of buildings; Recording and reproduction of sound; and Ultrasonics. At the end of the book there are about 100 unsolved problems, without answers. Obviously, the list of contents is quite satisfactory, and the book is addressed to an average student. However, the details are outdated. Treatment wise, the book could as well have been dated 1950. This criticism is particularly applicable to nearly all sections dealing with measurements. As another example, upon perusing section 9.2 on the End Correction it is surprising to find that no mention is made of the important fact that the end correction of an unflanged tube at its radiation end was analytically determined in 1948 (Levine and Schwinger Physical Review 13, 383-406). The sections dealing with mathematical derivations are marred by incompetent printing and/or indifferent proof-reading. Some examples are listed hereunder. The symbol used for the partial derivative is the same as that for the ordinary derivative! In several places the attenuation constant or absorption coefficient is denoted by a, while in other places it is denoted by 01.In some places, the sound speed c, wavenumber k and imaginary unit j are printed as their capital counterparts, C, K and J, respectively. Figure 3.3 on page 24 is erroneous inasmuch as it shows that the amplitude tends to zero (and not to the static deflection) when the forcing frequency tends to zero. Different symbols have been used in different sections for the same variable, such as circular frequency. This is indeed symbolic