Switching Network Configuration of some Modern Switches 1. E10B - T-S-T 3. AXE10 - T-S-T 4. CDOT(MBM) - T-S-T 5. 5ESS - T-S-T #6.

OCB 283 T #2. EWSD - T-S-S-S-T

The NT-1 is a relatively simple device that converts the 2-wire U interface into the 4-wire S/T interface. The S/T interface supports multiple devices (up to 7 devices can be placed on the S/T bus) because, while it is still a full-duplex interface, there is now a pair of wires for receive data, and another for transmit data. Today, many devices have NT-1s built into their design. This has the advantage of making the devices less expensive and easier to install, but often reduces flexibility by preventing additional devices from being connected. Technically, ISDN devices must go through an Network Termination 2 (NT2) device, which converts the T interface into the S interface (Note: the S and T interfaces are electrically equivalent). Virtually all ISDN devices include an NT-2 in their design. The NT-2 communicates with terminal equipment, and handles the Layer 2 and 3 ISDN protocols. Devices most commonly expect either a U interface connection (these have a built-in NT-1), or an S/T interface connection. Devices that connect to the S/T (or S) interface include ISDN capable telephones and FAX machines, video teleconferencing equipment, bridge/routers, and terminal adapters. All devices that are designed for ISDN are designatedTerminal Equipment 1 (TE1). All other communication devices that are not ISDN capable, but have a POTS telephone interface (also called the R interface), including ordinary analog telephones, FAX machines, and modems, are designated Terminal Equipment 2 (TE2). A Terminal Adapters (TA) connects a TE2 to an ISDN S/T bus.

Solution to interference:     Frequecny Hopping technology Dynamic power control (DPC) Discontinuous Transceiving (DTX) Diversity receiving technique

Solution to Multipath fading:

The mediation system performs the translation work i.e. for MSC files, translates them from their ANSI format (binary) to ASCII format, and in case of provisioning translates files from generic device to EDIFACT format. The EDIFACT is the format which HLR understands. Mediation system fires request in this format to HLR for execution (activation or deactivation).
The Mediation System does the following actions on the CDRs. They are Collection, Filtering, Conversion, Aggregation and Dumping.

Mediation collects the usage records/CDRs from the network elements. Mediation supports the collection of the usage records using various protocols that are widely supported namely FTP, SFTP, FTAM, X.25 Serial interface, MTP, SNMP. In the GSM networks the widely used interfaces to collect the CDRs are FTP/SFTP and FTAM. SFTP provides a secured way of collecting the CDRs as it uses SSL (secured socket layer) which encrypts the data while transferring the data in a secured way.

A subscriber can just walk into any of the CCN locations (CSR) and request for any GSM service. The requests may be for activation, deactivation, suspension or change of services etc. These requests reach the Order Management (OM) module of the B&CCS network and they are processed and executed by it. A new account is created in case of new connection. This is updated in the Billing system (BP) for billing the subscribers. The same request is processed by the Mediation system and converted into appropriate switch commands. This command is then fired to the corresponding Network Element / Network Elements, viz, MSC, IN, WAP server, SMS server etc. for activation / deactivation / suspension / provisioning / deprovisioning of the requested service. The Network Elements execute the commands and also update the Mediation and Billing systems by way of acknowledgement. Thus the requested service is extended to the subscribers. The servers called Customer Service (CS) servers in B&CCSnetwork handle the CCNs. The converted CDR files are pushed to Billing Server (BP). BP runs processes like COM, MCAP and CAP wherein the records are separated according to subscribers and are Rated as per the applicable Tariff plan. The rated CDRs are then stored in cdr data file. The in-roamers CDRs are also rated as per configuration & TAPOUT files are generated for different roaming partners. The out roamer CDRs pre rated at VPLMN are received as TAPIN files. Such TAPOUT/TAPIN files are nothing but Invoices raised between roaming partners. Inter zonal TAP files are exchanged between four zonal B&CCS of BSNL. Another important component in B&CCS network is Inter Connect Bill (ICB)

server. Like BP this is not directly associated with subscriber billing. It generates Bill / Invoice for other operators who use our (BSNL) network. The Interconnect Usage Charges (IUC) calculation is done here. The CDRs, i.e. converted files, from Mediation system are pushed to ICB server. Before introducing any new product or service to subscribers, first they can be tested in Test & Development (T&D) server Trouble Ticket (Remedy) server takes care of complaints booking. This server processes any complaint in respect of GSM service booked from any customer care centre. The details of the complaint are sent to respective sections, viz, MSC, IN, OM, and BP etc. For further action. The subscriber is given a complaint Id. No. (i.e. docket) for reference. In order not to loose any data from the B&CCS system, in case of crash, the whole data in the network is backed up in tape storage devices through a system called Back up server. Data warehouse system: As the CDRs of Prepaid services need not be rated in the BP, instead of just discarding them, these CDRs are stored in Data warehouse system for future reference, if needed. CDRs of Postpaid services are also stored in this system for applications other than Billing. For example, Decision Support System (DSS), Fraud Management Service,Police verification are the few services, which may require CDR reference. IDS & FIREWALL SYSTEM: Security and data integrity are very much essential for any network. In our B&CCS network, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Firewall are deployed. The firewall acts as a security gateway between our network and the external world (Internet).

In BSNL, at present, there are 4 B&CCS networks one at each zone serving for EAST (6/8 LSA), NORTH (7/8 LSA), WEST (3 LSA), & SOUTH (5 LSA). In south zone, the B&CCS n/w at Trichy is connected to disaster recovery system at Hyderabad
CCN connectivity: The CCN (Customer Care Node) network is designed in 3tier architecture. Level III terminal locations, i.e. Level III Routers, are connected to Level II CCN location Router (i.e. Level II Routers) through ISDN dialup connection. The Level II LAN locations are connected to Level I Router, Which is provided at B&CCS site, over LAN or WAN. The Level I Router is connected to LAN switch and thus forms part of the B&CCS network. The servers called Customer Service (CS) servers in B&CCS network handle the CCNs.

Propagation models For Macro Cell Okumura-Hata model For Micro Cell

 Walfisch-ikegami model GSM The physical channel adopts FDMA and TDMA techs. On the time domain, a specified channel occupies the same timeslots in each TDMA frame, so it can be identified by the timeslot number and frame number.

LAPDm is present over the MS-BTS connection LAPD over the BTS-BSC connection. MTP is used for signalling transport over the SS7 network. KPls can be subdivided according to the areas of functioning, such as area level cell level TRX level.

Two types of routing in ccs7 Based on SPC (OPC & DPC). Based on GTT

In GSM HLR, VLR which correspond to IN SCP. IN in Mobile networks is a subset of Landline IN, but customized to meet the special requirements of Mobile services, hence named Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL). Types of M-VAS: Independent or Standalone- This is not required to be coupled with a basic service. Dependent or Non-standalone- This is coupled with a basic service.

BSNL implements M-VAS through SDP (Service Delivery Platform). BSNL SDP manages and delivers contents like Music, Movies, Mobile-TV, Videos, Games etc. BSNL M-VAS may be availed through: 1.STK (SIM Tool Kit 2. USSD (Unstructured Service Supplementary Data) 3. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 4. BSNL Live USSD-FEATURES Session oriented A menu based service Flexible to design dynamic menus Accessible directly from Phone Screen Extremely user friendly Almost seven times faster than conventional SMS A message is of maximum 182 characters USSD has dialogue concept but no store & forward

BSNL Live is a WAP (Wireless Application Part) Portal BSNL Live is a gateway to M-VAS It provides: Movie Streaming Video on Demand Full Track Mp3 Music Games STREAMING VS DOWNLOADING Streaming: During Streaming content is sent in a continuous stream and displayed on the compatible Mobile Set of the user in real time without getting stored in the memory of the Mobile set. It is to be viewed in a specified time limit. Downloading: Downloading allows to store the content into the memory of the compatible Mobile Set It can be viewed at any time as many times the user desires
HANDSET CONFIGURATION FOR 3G

A number of ways are available: 1. APN settings through SMS 2. APN settings through Internet 3. mimobi.tv application settings 4. Manual configuration 5. Settings from Call Centre 6. Setting through TSD

APNs USED BY BSNL Presently four APNs (Access Point Names) are being used by BSNL: bsnlnet - meant for Internet services. bsnllive - needed for WAP browsing, viewing movies, videos etc. bsnlstream - required for streaming applications. bsnlmms - needed for multimedia activities APN SETTINS THROUGH SMS The customer is to send SMS to the number 58355 in the following format: Manufacturer <Space> Model <Space> XXX, whereXXX=NET for bsnlnet =LIVE for bsnllive =STREAM for bsnlstream =MMS for bsnlstream =<Blank> for bsnllive and bsnlstream =ALL for setting of all the four APNs. Reply would come in the form of SMS. User is to save them. bsnllive is saved as default.