1. A ball of mass 0.440 kg moving east (+x direction) with a speed of 3.30 m/s collides head-on with a 0.

220 kg ball at rest. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what will be the speed and direction of each ball after the collision?

This is an elastic collision, so both energy and momentum are conserved. m1 v1 =m1 v1 + m2 v2 and
2 2 m1 v1 + m2 v2 =m1 v1 + m2 v2 1 2
2 2

Where I have canceled the common factor of Noting that m1 = 2m2 2m2 v1 =2m2 v1 + m2 v2
2 2m2 v1 =2m2 v1 + m2 v2
2 2

from the energy equation.

= =

2v1 =2v1 + v2
2 2v1 =2v1 + v2
2 2

Then I square the momentum equation and multiply the energy equation by 2
2 4v1 =4v1 + 4v1 v2 + v2 2 4v1 = 4v1 2v2
2 2 2 2 2

0 =0 + 4v1 v2 v2 v2 = 4v1 substitute this result into the momentum equation 1 m 2v1 = 2v1 + 4v1 v1 = v1 = 1.10 in the +x direction 3 s and v2 = 4v1 = 4.40 m in the +x direction s

2. A 23 g bullet traveling 230 m/s penetrates a 2.0 kg block of wood and emerges cleanly at 170 m/s. If the block is stationary on a frictionless surface when hit, how fast does it move after the bullet emerges?

This is an inelastic collisionan elastic collision would require that the bullet bounce o. Therefore energy is not conserved. mb vb = mb vb + mw vw vw = m 0.023 mb (vb vb ) = (230 170) = 0.69 mw 2 s

3. A 21.7 kg child descends a slide 3.5 m high and reaches the bottom with a speed of 2.2 m/s. How much thermal energy due to friction was generated in this process?

This is a conservation of energy problem. The child begins with mgh 1 of potential energy and ends with 2 mv 2 of kinetic energy. Since energy is lost to friction, which generates heat (thermal energy), energy conservation requires v2 1 Etherm = mgh mv 2 = m gh 2 2 = 692 J = 21.7 9.8 3.5 1 2.22 2

4. By how much does the gravitational potential energy of a 64 kg pole vaulter change if his center of mass rises 4.0 m during the jump?

Set initial potential to zero, then U = mgh 0 = 2508.8 J

5. A box of mass 5.0 kg is accelerated from rest across a oor at a rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 7.0 s. Find the net work done on the box.

W = F d = mad = ma

1 2 at 2

from

1 x = x0 + vx0 t + ax t2 2

1 1 = m(at)2 = 5(2 7)2 = 490 J 2 2

6. What is the distance from the Earths center to a point outside the Earth 1 where the gravitational acceleration due to the Earth is 10 of its value at the Earths surface?

m Using Fg = G M2 : r

mag = G Then we seek

GM r2 GM 2 RE

Mm M ag = G 2 r2 r

2 RE 1 1 2 2 = r2 = 10RE r = 10RE 10 r 10

r = 2.0175 104 km Note the use of a ratio to make common constant factors vanish.