EXPERIMENT 5:

3 Phase Synchronous Connected as a Generator

Machine

Objectives: 1. Connect and operate a three phase synchronous machine as a synchronous generator 2. Determine the value of the exciter current necessary, in order that the generator produces its nominal voltage 3. Verify that the magnitude of the voltage generated depends on the exciter current and on the speed 4. Explain why the speed of the drive machine decreases when the exciter current is increased 5. Record the load characteristics 6. Calculate the delivered apparent power

Instrument/Component 1 3-phase salient-pole synchronous machine 1 DC shunt wound machine 1 Magnetic powder brake 1 Control unit for brake 1 Variable isolating transformer/exciter 1 Variable dc power supply 0-240Vdc 1 Field regulator for motor 1 Starter 1 Rubber Coupling sleeve 1 Coupling guard 1 Shaft end guard 1 Cut-out switch, 3-pole 2 Multimeter 1 Set of connection cables

Circuit Diagram

Ground

U1

V1 U2

W1 V2

W2

M/G

L+ DC L-

F1 V A

F2

Fig 5.1 2

1 + 0

Nm

min -1 X 1000

TORQUE
POWER

REVOLUTIONS

SET/START VALUE

Nm
UAUSG

CONTR. MODE

min-1

100W

x1 x2 x3

M OL n

900

START

MOTORS

BRAKE

+
VARIABLE ISOL . TRANSFORMER /EXCITER

ST7007-5A

CONTROL UNIT FOR MAGNETIC POWDER BRAKE

A1

U1

V1

W1

U1

V1 W1

A2
E2

A1
E1
W2 U2 V2

E2

E1

M/G
A2

F2

U2

V2 W2

F1

M/G
F1 F2

SE2662-3A

A
Ground

RB

U1

V1 U2

W1 V2

W2

M/G

L+ DC L-

F1 V A

F2

Fig 5.2

Introduction In a three phase synchronous generator, the magnitude of the generated off-load voltage is dependent on the speed and the exciter voltage The rotor of the generator is driven by the drive machine. A static magnetic field, with respect to the rotor, is produced in the exciter winding by a dc voltage A rotating field is produced in the stator due to the rotation of the rotor, which induces voltages in the stator windings, 120o out of phase with each other. The generator thus produces a three phase voltage A dc shunt wound machine is recommended as drive machine because of simplicity in its connection and good control of the revolution speed which remains relatively constant over a wide range with increasing loads. Connection of the drive motor is shown below

L+ t RF s A1 RA

M
E1 E2 A2

LPE

Fig 5.3

Exercise 1. Construct the circuit as shown in the fig. 5.1. 2. Set the control unit as follows: a) Speed n = 1500 rpm b) Torque M = 1Nm c) Operating Mode M = constant Adjust the start/set value, so that the machine starts up with a minimum load applied. Range on multimeters Generator voltage Exciter current Exciter voltage V = 1000V ac I = 1A dc V = 300V dc

Adjust the speed to 1500 rpm using the supply voltage, field regulator and starter. This speed must be kept constant throughout all the measurements. 3. Set the exciter current to the values given in the table 5.1, commencing at 150mA. Measure the generated voltage and enter the value into table 5.1 N (rpm) Iexc (mA) Vexc (V) VG Table 5.1 4. Adjust the exciter current to 700mA. Keep this value constant during the measurement by adjustment of the supply voltage, set the speed to the values given in table 2, commencing at 800 rpm. Measure the generator voltage and enter the value into the table 5.2 Iexc (mA) Vexc (V) N (rpm) VG Table 5.2 6 800 1000 1250 700 210 1500 1750 2000 150 39 180 45 250 62 1500 350 86 500 125 650 165 800 210

5. Connect the machine shown in Fig 5.2. 6. Set the load resistance to 4k and switch on the drive machine. Adjust the supply voltage for a drive machine speed of 1500 rpm. This speed must be kept constant during all measurements 7. Switch the exciter unit and adjust the exciter voltage of 140V. This exciter current must be kept constant during all measurements 8. Load the generator by reducing the load resistance, to obtain the values of current flow as given in table 5.3 below. Measure the voltage generated and calculate the apparent power produced Papp = V.I.31/2 Enter the measured and calculated values into the table

N (rpm) Vexc (V) I (mA) VG Papp (VA) 70 100 120

1500 140 170 200 230 250

Table 5.3 9. From the measured and calculated values, plot the load characteristics: a) For table 5.1 b) For table 5.2 c) For table 5.3 : : : i) ii) VG (V) vs I (mA) Papp (VA) vs I (mA) VG (V) vs Vexc (V) VG (V) vs N (rpm)

Question

1. Explain why the speed of the drive machine decreases when the exciter current increase? 2. What is the effect of loading on the generator voltage?