REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

AT

CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU

BAUDDHALOKA MAWATHA, COLOMBO 07 (FROM 06TH AUGUST TO 16TH NOVEMBER2001)

AND

ISURU ENGINEERING (PTE) LTD

NO 16A, WARD PLACE, COLOMBO 07 (FROM 01ST JANUARY TO 10TH MAY 2002)

BY

B.A. RUMAIS
(99/AR/QS/29) Third Year Undergraduate Student Department Of Building Economics Faculty Of Architecture University Of Moratuwa

SUBMITTED ON

08TH JUNE 2002

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
During the period of industrial training number of people helped me in various ways. It is necessary to acknowledge with thanks personally to every one of them. At first, I must pay my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. M. Lalith De Silva, the Head - Department of Building Economics, Mr. H.S. jeyasena and Mr. M.L. Siriwardena, Industrial Training coordinators. My sincere gratitude is extended to Mr. N.A. Wijeyewickrama, Training Engineer University of Moratuwa and National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority for providing us the opportunity to gain practical experience related to our field and for inspecting the individuals during the progression of training. Moreover, I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to Mr. B.A.P.U. Bulathsinghe Project Manager Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau, and all the staff in CECB also helped me in various ways during the training. Further I am greatly indebted to Miss. D.K.M.A.N. Gunasekera, Chief Quantity Surveyor, Mr.Vijethe Desawe Project coordinator for soft logic site, Mr. Kannagkara site Engineer . I would also love to express my profound gratitude to all the staff of Isuru eng. for their encouragement given during my training period. Thanks immensely to all who assisted me during my training sessions. My heartiest thanks are due to them too.

B.A. Rumais June 2002

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...........................................................................................III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................VI INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)...............................3 1. ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW. .............................................................................3 3.2. QUANTITY SURVEYING SECTION .............................................................4 4. FUNCTIONs PERFORMED BY CONSULTANT QS.............................................4 5. WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNT?..................................................................................7 5.1. Tendering Process..............................................................................................7 5.2. Tender Documents..............................................................................................7 5.3. Pre-qualification and tender criteria....................................................................7 5.4. Tender evaluation...............................................................................................8 5.5. Award of Contract..............................................................................................8 5.6. Preparing Bills of Quantities..............................................................................9 5.7. Checking Bills and Preparing Payment Certificates ........................................10 5.8. Preparing and Checking Cost Breakdowns .....................................................10 6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS.....................11 7. RECOMMENDATION FOR THE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS..........................13 1. ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW. ...........................................................................15 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT..................................................................16 3. SITE STRUCTURE..................................................................................................16 3.1. SUB-CONTRACTORS INVOLVED AT SITE ..............................................17 4. FUNCTIONS OF A Site QUANTITY SURVEYOR .............................................19 4.1. QUANTITY SURVEYOR AND PROJECT MANAGER...............................20 5. WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNT?................................................................................20 5.1. Pricing the Bills of Quantities...........................................................................20 5.3. Valuing extra work and variation.....................................................................24 5.4. Measurement on Site .......................................................................................24 5.5. Site Meetings....................................................................................................24

6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AT SITE..............................................................26 7. PRACTICAL SOLUTION TO IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS.................................28 CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................29

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CECB QS QSs BOQ GST ICTAD PM Isuru Eng. SLS Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau Quantity Surveying Quantity Surveyors Bill of Quantities Goods and Services Tax Institute of Construction Training and Development Project Manager Isuru Engineering (PTE) Ltd Sri Lankan standard

Introduction

Industrial Training Report

INTRODUCTION
The industrial training has been declared as a compulsory course requirement during our four-years studies. While in industry it is expected that the apprentice will show interest and be amenable to discipline. In addition our training session has been organized in two sessions, one is consultancy practice and other is contracting practice. Every trainee will be engaged in both of them during the training to gain practical knowledge based on his two years studies. It has been scheduled fifteen weeks for the first phase and nineteen weeks for the second phase. In phase one, the trainee has acquired the training of a consultant QS in Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau, No 114, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo-07 and while in the second phase gained the training of a contractor QS at Soft logic site, Isuru Engineering (PTE) Ltd, 16A, Ward Place Colombo -07. Moreover, industrial training enables the undergraduates to study the prevailing system and to gain the practical experience in the industry. Finally this report is organized to identify the various problems encountered during the training and to give practical solutions. In addition the report discusses the knowledge gained and learned through the training.

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Phase One

CENTRAL ENGINEEERING COSUTANCY BUREAU

NO 415, BAUDDHALOKA MAWATHA, COLOMBO 07.

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CENTRAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY BUREAU (CECB)

1. ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW.
Central engineering consultancy bureau (CECB) is one of the major construction and consulting organization that is involved in civil engineering and building construction today. It has been a leader in engineering since 1973. This corporation was implemented as a semi government organization under the Ministry of Mahaweli Development. This organization plays a major role in the government sector construction industry in Sri Lanka. CECB has extensive in house computer facilities, an excellent technical library, a good stock of survey and drawing instruments, geological and soil investigation equipment, testing laboratories and a large fleet of vehicle and thus is in a position to provide consultancy services and contracting services to major engineering projects island wide at a short notice.

2.SCOPE OF SERVICE
The scope of the services of the CECB has been enhanced by the notification published in the Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka of 11th August 1995, thus the purpose of the industrial undertaking shall be the forming of joint ventures and limited liability companies to provide engineering and architectural consultancy services the undertaking of Engineering projects on Design-Build or Turn-Key basis; the investment in Build-Operate and Transfer (BOT) project, Build-Own and Operate(BOO)AND similar projects. The principle fields of operation of the CECB are water resources development, hydroelectric power and energy, architecture and buildings, structural engineering, road and bridges, public health engineering and coastal engineering.

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3. MANAGEMENT ASPECT
CECB has two main divisions consultant and construction unit. Has additional general manager is responsibility for each respectively. Each division divided into several sections to carried out the work easily and increase the effectiveness of org. CECB has designing section, structural designing section, mechanical & electrical section, and also 3.2. QUANTITY SURVEYING SECTION CECB has a separate quantity section to carry out quantity work for all the organization. In this section done the take off quantities and prepare rate for respectively. This section give their services to all the section according there need. There for this section professionals are specialist in that field. They are done their work quickly and correctly. Therefore it is very useful for the organization. But in this section no Bsc. Quantity Surveyor is working.

4. FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY CONSULTANT QS

Cost, time and quality are the most important factors taking into account in any project. So that the quantity surveyor is brought in at the earliest opportunity normally at the design stage to advice the client, with the approval of the architect, on approximate cost of the various schemes are forwarded to the client. Bearing in mind the cost and other criteria the client will then choose a scheme, which is most suitable for him. Apart from this they per many other functions, such as:

Preliminary cost advice Cost planning during the design stage Preparation of bill of quantities Evaluation of tenders Valuing work progress and making

recommendation for payments claims Advice on financial effect of variation and Checking and certification of final accounts Advice on the financial contractual aspect of the recommend payment for variation

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Giving cost advice and information at all stages of

the contract and preparing cost analyses

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5. WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNT?

5.1. TENDERING PROCESS Before appointing a contactor, suitably qualified contractors submit tenders and give their price for carrying out the work. Such contractors may be invited to tender following pre-qualification or will tender response to advertise invitations.

5.2. TENDER DOCUMENTS The number and nature of the tender documents will vary with the type of contract. The tender document comprises of the following: Form of Tender with appendix Instructions to tender Conditions of contact and conditions for particular application Bills of Quantities Specification Pricing preambles Schedule of Day works Tender Drawings

5.3. PRE-QUALIFICATION AND TENDER CRITERIA The contractors who are invited to tender for the work are usually pre-qualified in some ways before being invited to tender. The tender process is to assess which suitable contractor has offered the lowest price. Advertising for contractors to tender can result in unsuitable or inexperienced applications putting in tenders which might be attractively low, but which should be rejected because of low technical competence or experience. Pre-qualification has many advantages, particularly for large projects.

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5.4. TENDER EVALUATION Tenders are usually opened with the participation of all the tenderers and at that time the amounts are announced to the entire tenders. After that the tender evaluation process will be held. The criteria adopted for the evaluation of the tenders are as follows:

Assess the responsiveness of the tender Check the arithmetical accuracy of the total tender price and to make necessary
adjustments, if any, for the purpose of evaluation and selecting the best offer.

Compare the quoted tender prices with the prevailing market prices and to
determine the overall impact towards the tender, of any unduly high or unrealistic price.

Determine whether the tender is subject to any qualifications, deviations or other

conditions and to assess their overall impact on the tender.

5.5. AWARD OF CONTRACT Tender evaluation report is prepares and recommendations of the tender evaluation is presented to the employer, Employer considers the evaluation report and selects the successful or suitable contractor. Following that the contractor is informed with the award of the contract and this letter includes details about progressing to the next stage. The next stages are the preparation of the Contract Agreement and the work. The Contract Agreement changes the existing documentation from a tender document to a contract document. The Contract Agreement formally adopts: The Conditions of Contract Bills of Quantities Drawings and Technical Specification

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The Agreement will also incorporate relevant and mutually agreed items such as programme or other Special Conditions. The contract starts effectively with the employers letter of award to contractor. The work commencement date may not be the same as the contract date. The agreement will also incorporate relevant and mutually dates must always be very carefully defined as the period for completion starts from this date, and any delays to the contract have to be related to this date also. The contract administration team must carefully record the actual date.

5.6. PREPARING BILLS OF QUANTITIES I have prepared a BOQ for the construction of two-story hospital building for the proposed AIDS clinic at Kandy general hospital and construction of the grandstand, during the period of training. In CECB used previously prepared BOQ as a guideline to compile the new BOQ. The descriptions in a BOQ have to be in a logical and recognized order and the quantities have to be carefully worked out. Therefore the bill of quantities is prepared in various stages. At first taking off is done in a logical order, after taking-off is completed the dimensions are squared, the quantities are then abstracted. Finally all the descriptions and quantities are put in a logical order and then the bill will be typed. In preparing the BOQ, the Sri Lanka Standard 573 revision 1994 Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works published by ICTAD is mainly used in this organization.

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5.7. CHECKING BILLS AND PREPARING PAYMENT CERTIFICATES Interim valuation is the most important part of a construction project for providing payment for a contractor. This is usually done by consultant QS, after the submission of bills by the contractor. Bills should carefully check and payment certificate sent to the contractor. The amount to be paid on each certificate should be the total value of work done and less any previous payment, retention and recovery of advance payment if any and add material at site 80% and GST 12.5%. Recovery of advance payment Recovery of advance payment starts by deducting from the monthly payments after about a quarter of the contract work has been carried out depending on the amount of the advance payment. According to the clause 60(1) of the ICTAD conditions of contract, the deduction will commence only when the work executed is reached 30% of the contact sum, and is to be recorded in-fall the value of the work done was reached 90% of contract sum excluding retention. Retention money The employer, from the payments made usually retains a portion of the value of the work done. Such retention money is released in two stages, as the project is physically completed and at the final completion. The limit of retention is 5 percent of the contract sum and 10 percent of each bill is retained until the 5 percent of the total sum reaches.

5.8. PREPARING AND CHECKING COST BREAKDOWNS The cost breakdowns were prepared by the trainee in order to find out the unit rate of the particular work according to the Building Schedule of Rates. These cost breakdowns are usually used for Engineers Estimate. Site quantity surveyor prepares and sends the cost breakdowns for extra-work and during the industrial training cost breakdowns were checked by the trainee with the instruction of a QS.
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6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS

I have identified some of the problems according to my knowledge during the industrial training. They are given below: Much time was spent by the trainee for taking off, during that time many problems encountered due to these reasons: Drawings were not properly drawn according to the scale Some details were neglected. Reinforcement details in some drawings were difficult to understand

More problems were encountered in checking quantities in bills, some quantities had been entered in bill sheets without details measurements, in this case we informed the site QS such quantities to add with subsequent bills. The other problem was in putting percentage to the particular work done that should also have been taken into account during the bill checking. QSs did not use the Standard Method of Measurement (SMM7) but follow SLS 573 so the trainees made mistakes and always had to clarify the doubts. Having done the taking-off for a particular work with assumptions because of the lack of details, again the architect suggests the QSs to alter the dimensions or specification of a project. This is a severe problem for a quantity surveyor and has to repeat the same calculations. Therefore quantity surveyor will get tired and cannot perform the work properly. Architect must give the written instructions about the amendments when QSs submit the query sheet. Architect may inform the changes through the telephone and after that he may deny, hence quantity surveyor should take care of these situations to avoid the problems that may arise.

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7. RECOMMENDATION FOR THE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

All the necessary details and information must be given to the quantity surveyor not only in preparing the estimation and cost planning but also in taking-off for preparing bill of quantities. Necessity of the quantity surveyors in designing stage should be emphasized. Quantity surveyors skills should be identified properly and should obtain the favorable output. Since the graduate quantity surveyors are enormously talented and have a wide knowledge on management, law and computer, he should be utilized in a manner to justify his talents. An important aspect is a quantity surveyor's task should be clearly defined and the opportunity should be given to show his talent. Expansion of the technology is essential for the construction industry. New ideas and latest method should be introduced in quantity surveying field as well and more facilities should be provided for quantity surveyors to enhance their jobs. During the industrial training it was realized by the trainee, Senior Quantity Surveyors did not think about the trainees who wanted to gain knowledge, they just gave some works, never taught the techniques. So to avoid that the university must take this into account and should provide a guideline to them about the objective of the training. Healthy relationship should be maintained between the quantity surveyor and the architect. This leads to the better productivity of an organization. Architect usually tries to introduce sophisticated materials and new designs. Sometimes it may consume high cost. The quantity surveyor tries to choose an alternative within the economic feasibility. This contradiction enables the client to achieve a better output. Before going to the training all the trainees have to be familiarize, how to refer the SLS 573 and what is the important clauses of the SLS 573

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Phase Two

ISURU ENGINEERING (PTE) LTD

16A, WARD PLACE, COLOMBO 07

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1. ORGANIZATION OVERVIEW.
Isuru Engineering (pte) Ltd is a civil engineering contracting firm. It is very specialist in steel building construction. This is an agent of the world famous Zameel steel building. It was established in 1993 in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka under the companies act No 17 of 1982. The founder of the company was Mr. Mahesh Pasqual. He is chartered civil engineer. Through his good management this org. become a leading constructing firm within a short period of time. It has a membership of NCASL (National Contractor Association of Sri Lanka). According to ICTAD grade clarification are follows. M2 For civil engineering works M3 For water supply and drainage works. M5 For irrigation works. Isuru Eng. is not only steel building construction but also become popular for speed construction. They are complete work in a short period of time. This approaches is good for commercial and industrial buildings. This approaches is good opportunity to get more projects. Isuru Eng. Also doing construction work in foreign countries.

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2. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT

This is a seven stories commercial building. It has six stories and a basement. Constructed at Defonseka road Bambalapitiya Colombo 05.

Project description It has a reinforced concrete structure with block A and block B, aluminum frame Doors and Windows and steel staircase. Details of project Project Client Consultant Contractor Contract sum No of stories Type of foundation Type of contract Time for Completion Proposed for shopping complex and showroom. Soft logic holding (Pvt.) Ltd. Perigon Lanka private Ltd. Isuru Engineering (pte) ltd. Rs. 32.5miollion Seven stories include a basement. Raft foundation. Fixed Price Measure and pay contract Ten months

Period of maintenance Six months

When I attended the site, excavation finished for block A basement and earth work support also finished.

3. SITE STRUCTURE

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Project coordinator is responsible for the project. This project is to be complete this year. Manager - Construction who is at the top level of site management visits the site and supervises occasionally. Site Engineer, Quantity Surveyor, Technical officers and Storekeeper work under the Project Manager. Project coordinator is the senior representative for the site. He is the leader and chief executive of the contractors site organization, and because of the many day-today decisions that have to be taken he is usually given wide discretionary powers. His main duties are to see that the construction is carried out economically and by time, and in accordance with the contract documents. He is usually qualified technically. Site Engineer is responsible for setting-out the works, records and quality control procedures. He also prepares and monitors detailed work programs and co-ordinates the flow of drawings and other information. It is also his responsibility to manage the labors and materials. Contractors quantity surveyor is responsible for interim and final measurement of the construction. He handles all legal and financial aspects of the contract, and together with the clients consultant quantity surveyor agrees for the valuation of variation orders and day- works and the settlement of any claims. It is also his duty to measure and agree on all sub contractors accounts. And also maintain material reconciliation. Storekeeper is responsible for all the clerical tasks. Time keeping Payment of wages Checking and storage of material and General office functions

3.1. SUB-CONTRACTORS INVOLVED AT SITE In Soft logic site most of the construction works are carry out by subcontractors. But the materials are supply by the Isuru eng. Even though Isuru eng. is the main

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contractor, they have sublet to other sub contractors as well. Finishing materials are supply by the client for isuru eng. And also the client appoints separate contractors for mechanical and electrical works. In this case the QSs duty is an essential thing when dealing with the sub contractors Sub contractors are divided into three categories: Nominated sub-contractor Domestic sub-contractor Labour-only sub-contractor Nominated sub- contractors Nominated sub contractors act as a separate organization. The client or the architect and who are acceptable to the contractor appoint them. In the Soft logic site, the subcontractors carry out the works such as aluminium doors and windows, steel staircase and waterproofing. Selection of the sub contractors must be carefully done apart from the acceptable price. In the bill of quantity an architect could make provisions in the from of a prime cost sum or provisional sum where normally it is intended that a known subcontractor is to undertake the work of a specialist nature. Nominated subcontractors enter into a contract using a nominated subcontract form, which binds them to agree to: Do the work to the specification of the contractor and architect Ensure themselves against claims Complete their work in time Indemnify the main contractor against the substandard work Allow cash discount to the main contractor to each certificate paid

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Labour-only sub-contractors In the Soft logic site, labour-only sub contractors did most of the cost significant works. They are carrying out the works such as masonry, bar bending and scaffolding. Isuru eng. has an own labour force that involve in construction work, in addition other sub contractors are also engaged to minimize heavy workload and for timely completion. Sub-contractors payment Since Isuru eng. has an own labour force, the payments for the subcontractors are made as monthly wages and allowances. Except other subcontractors are made according to the interim valuation to the agreed measurements of the works carried out. While preparing a sub contractors payment certificate, it is very important to deduct some amount from their payments. Generally advance payment and retention money are deducted, the limit of retention is five to ten percent of the estimated labor cost.

4. FUNCTIONS OF A SITE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

Role of the quantity surveyor in the sites is an essential for construction projects, because he has to perform several activities white handling the project with consultant and client as well. The activities are as follows: Measures the work done on-site in order that an acceptable figure can be agreed with the clients professional quantity surveyor Records variations to the work shown in the Bills by the architect, so that the claims can be made for payment Prepares final account, taking into consideration other cost such as day-works and fluctuations Records and agrees the work done monthly with the various subcontractors Responsible for cost control information being sent to head office

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4.1. QUANTITY SURVEYOR AND PROJECT MANAGER Since the quantity surveyor is a subordinate of the project manager, the QS must have a healthy relationship with the PM. Several functions are under taken according to their discussion, such as: Prepare a detail program of work incorporating the milestones set in the master program Extract the material requirements and labour requirements Cash flow Preparation of interim claims Rates for extra items of works Variation Price variation Preparation of final claim Preparation of detail monthly program

5. WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNT?

During this time, the following works were carried out by the trainee relating to the Quantity Surveying profession: Taking off for interim valuations Preparation of subcontractors bills Preparation of cost breakdowns Taking-off measurements and produced BOQ for the electrical substation Supervision of labors during the construction process Preparation of cost statements 5.1. PRICING THE BILLS OF QUANTITIES The contractors, who are to compete for the work, receive the Bill of Quantities with other contract documents directly from the Architect or consultant. The contractors estimator will go through all the documents to get a thorough feel for the proposed

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work. After that a study of the drawings will be made. The site will be arranged and a note will be made of any particular difficulties that may be apparent. Discussions with other members of the building team may be held to decide on the best construction methods to use. Meanwhile building material suppliers and sub contractors quotations will be obtained for use in pricing the bill. When submit a tender major function is pricing the BOQ Pricing BOQ is mainly two part. One is preliminaries and second is items. Bidding strategies different to org. to org. In Isuru Eng., there are put same rate for each floor. The prices are not different to floor to floor. Pricing the preliminaries is the difficult part we need more construction experience and have to visit the site also. Pricing for the item, up date BSR rate for current materials prices and added overhead & profit margin. This depend many factors, type of contract, type of tender, duration of the project, location of the project, maintenances period, liquid damage, etc. Having accumulated all this information the estimators can then work through the calculating the prices for each item in detail. Finally the bill may be totaled and a decision will be made as to the percentage to be added to allow for the contractors overheads and profit. This total sum is the contractors offer for a particular contract, which is known as the tender price.

5.2. INTERIM VALUATION Prepare the interim bills is the most important part of a contractor QS. According to ICTAD condition of contract clause 60(3), the minimum value of payments suggested by the engineer. Contactor has to wait until the particular amount of work to be completed in order to submit his bill. In Soft Logic site the amount is 1.5 million. After exceed the bill amount more then 1.5million, sent the bill to consultant QS. After submitting the bills, at least three weeks will be taken for checking and certifying these bills and then payment will made for the contractor. If the QS prepare the bills properly, the duration may be reduced in checking process. The following sections are included in an interim bill.
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Valuing preliminary items Taking-off measurements Valuing extra works and variations Material at site and Bill summary

Recovery of advance payment Recovery of advance payment starts by deducting in each bill depending on the amount of the advance payment. According to the clause 60(1) of the ICTAD conditions of contract, the deduction will commence from first bill. The deduction is 20 percent up to the total amount reach. The total amount is 15 percent of contract sum. Retention money According to the clause 60(4) of the ICTAD conditions. The limit of retention is 5 percent of the contract sum and 10 percent of each bill is retained until the 5 percent of the contract sum reaches.

5.2 CASH FLOW CHART The constructing firms prepare cash flow chart for each project. The cash flow chart prepare monthly or for a specific period of time to estimate the cash flow of the organization. In Softlogic site prepared cash flow chart in each billing period. Here the cost is brake down on specific period based on planning technique used. The amount calculated approximately with the guide of contract document BOQ. First refer the planning technique used for that site and calculate roughly each percentage of activities include that period, and take off the quantities of each activities respectively. The quantities are taken based on BOQ quantities. Rate is same to tender rate. Estimate with that rate. This gives the total income of that period. This is helpful to the org. for forecasting and planning the future activities of the org. And also it helpful to the client for allocates money to pay the constructors bills payment. Therefore consulting firm asks the cash flow chart from the constructors. Refer annexes.

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MATERIAL RECONCILIATION Material reconciliation is maintained for the large projects. This is calculating normally monthly wise. But in Soft logic site, after every bill submit ion. Because of it is easy to calculate the balance materials quantities at site. Principal items of that that materials as concrete, brick, reinforcement, timber and plywood are accounted separately. Actual used materials quantities are compared to billing quantities and ordered quantities. Actual used quantities of materials are taken from the store records (received quantities balance quantities). Billing quantities are directly taken from the interim bill. If any considerable variation happens the site QSs need to submit the reasons for variation. (Wastage may be allow up to 10%) Refer annexes

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5.3. VALUING EXTRA WORK AND VARIATION However the contract document is well prepared, there are always changes that are required to suit circumstances encountered that are different from those envisaged at time of design. The contractor will be instructed to carryout the altered work, usually result in an increase in cost, and the valued as far as possible using existing contract rates as appropriate.

5.4. MEASUREMENT ON SITE Quantities are measured on site by the quantity surveyor as the actual work is completed. This is done for different purposes: Valuation Subcontractors payments Find material requirements Final account

5.5. SITE MEETINGS Site Meetings in Soft Logic site were held on every Thursday. During that time Architect, Consultant Quantity Surveyors, Project Coordinator and site engineer, if necessary, major sub contractors and suppliers representatives attend the meeting. In a meeting, all queries regarding the following would be discussed: Drawing, bills of quantities and specification Progress Extension of time Payment Contractual claim-day-works, variations, etc. Quality of main contractors work

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Quality of subcontractors work Any other queries or problems to maintain good working relationships between all other parties involved in the contract.

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6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AT SITE

During the period of the industrial training, identified some practical problems at site according to my knowledge. At the beginning, the trainee had to face the new environmental behavior and the problems encountered during that time were in preparing the interim bill and measuring the actual work done at site, this was a difficult task, because measuring the area of wall plastering for a wall that has been built beyond the roof level, in this case it is difficult to take the actual measurements. Descriptions for the bill of quantities were not written properly in accordance with the Standard Method of Measurements (SMM7). While referring the BOQ, it was difficult to understand and had to clarify the doubts frequently. The computer facilities were not provided to the Soft Logic site. So that QS has to go to the head office to obtain the computer facilities. Prepare Interim bills Letters, variation bills and extra work bills by the quantity surveyor. It consumes the time because the quantity surveyor spends two or three days at the head office to get the prints. So that quantity surveyors works at site are delayed due to this reasons. Therefore the site should be provided with the computer facilities to increase the efficiency and the effectiveness of the quantity surveyor. Whenever there is a need for a copy of any document, it has to be taken from a photocopy machine. Several documents are often photocopied at a private photocopy center for site requirements. In some occasion they bring documents to the head office for photocopying free of charge. Even though a photocopy machine is an expansive, it is advisable to provide a photocopy machine to the site uses. This provides the following benefits: The money spent on photocopying may be saved or reduce Time consume to get photocopies is highly minimized The photocopying machine can be used by the organization in future projects.

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The site staffs often go to the head office for their official matters. For instance if a QS has to go to the head office, at that time he has to use private transport services and during the construction progresses staffs or labourers may seriously injured, immediately there will be a requirement for a vehicle to go to a hospital. Therefore a vehicle should be provided to the sites. Materials should be ordered and supplied in good time to the site. The Project Coordinator gives the material requisition order to the head office, which supplies those materials to the site. Unnecessary delays due to lack of material were observed during the training period, especially in reinforcement works. It occurs, as the head office has to supply materials to various sites. Therefore head office should take into account material management to supply materials in advance to avoid unnecessary delays. When doing construction work, there are lot of variations may happen in design and there are lot of constructional problem happened. Asked Architect or Consultant to clarify those problems. There is no telephone facility in the site. Therefore some time dont ask some doubt. Later it becomes a big problem. These may delay the construction work. In every project material management is very important. When do the material reconciliation, we are using one conversion factor for calculate the reinforcement weight and the consultant QS gave a conversion factors. The two has some different. Because of that the billing quantities more than the actual used quantities. this is difficult to check materials.

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7. PRACTICAL SOLUTION TO IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS

Every quantity surveyor must improve their construction technological knowledge like the management and economics Site QS has to prepare the measurement sheet or whatever clearly and neatly, it helps the consultant quantity surveyor to check the measurement. All the required information and details concerning a new product or current prices should be informed to QS to make a good decision or to price the bills of quantities in a better way. In all stages of the building process, a quantity surveyor should be involved in order to get optimum output. ICTAD should provide appropriate methods and instructions for preparing bills to avoid unnecessary disputes among parties. The quantity surveyor should have a sound knowledge of the site activities, it will help him carry out work easily. Communication is an essential part, therefore quantity surveyors must have an effective communication skill. In the case of extra work and variations, it should be undertaken with proper written permission. This will help the contractor in disputes. QS should utilize the computer even preparing the sub contractors bills to reduce the time and to carry out the work efficiently. Provide telephone facility to the site to clarify the problems. Follow a unique conversion factor for calculate reinforcement weight.

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Conclusion

Industrial Training Report

CONCLUSION
The thirty-four weeks of industrial training has been successfully completed. During this time I gained many experiences and knowledge not only in quantity surveying practice but also in construction technology. The training at the consultant firm as well as the contractor firm gave me the understanding and knowledge in the following areas: Preparation of interim valuation, extra works and variations Taking-off measurements for preparing Bills of Quantities as well as interim bill. Preparation of cost breakdown Preparation of cost statement Labour supervisors

Moreover, the trainee was familiarized with the site environment and the office environment, learnt good manners and developed observation and communication skills with various people. During the industrial training it was realized by the trainee, Senior Quantity Surveyors did not think about the trainees who wanted to gain knowledge, they just gave some works, never taught the techniques. So to avoid that the university must take this into account and should provide a guideline to them about the objective of the training. Finally, there is no doubt this training enables the any undergraduate to prepare himself as a fully qualified person while entering the industry after the graduation. In addition this industrial training is an essential part to an undergraduate during the four years journey.

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APPENDIXES

Appendix - Organization Charts

Industrial Training Report

Organization Chart of Surath Wickramasinghe Associates

Department of Building Economics

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Appendix - Organization Charts

Industrial Training Report

Organization Chart of Kadawatha Site The Bus Depot Project

Project M anager (EPC)

Chief Resident Engineer

Resident Engineer

Site Engineers

Quantity surveyor

Store keeper

Supervisors

Technical officers

Department of Building Economics

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