PRACTICAL NO.

Aim:- TO STUDY & SIMULATION OF Seven & Nine LEVEL Phase-Shifted

Multicarrier Modulation

Theory:Phase-Shifted Multicarrier Modulation

The CHB inverter introduced above can be extended to any number of voltage levels. The per-phase diagram of seven- and nine-level inverters are depicted in Fig. (b)&(c), where the seven-level inverter has three H-bridge cells in cascade while the nine-level has four cells in series. The total number of active switches (IGBTs) used in the CHB inverters can be calculated by Nsw = 6(m 1) In general, a multilevel inverter with m voltage levels requires (m 1) triangular carriers. In the phase-shifted multicarrier modulation, all the triangular carriers have the same frequency and the same peak-to-peak amplitude, but there is a phase shift between any two adjacent carrier waves, given by


 

Figure 7.4-1 shows the principle of the phase-shifted modulation for a seven level CHB inverter, where six triangular carriers are required with a 60 phase displacement between any two adjacent carriers. Of the three-phase sinusoidal modulating waves, only the phase A modulating wave Vma is plotted for simplicity. The carriers vcr1, vcr2, and vcr3 are used to generate gatings for the upper switches S11, S12, and S13 in the left legs of power cells H1, H2, and H3 in Fig. 7.3-2a, respectively.The other three carriers, vcr1, vcr2 and vcr3, which are 180 out of phase withvcr1, vcr2 and vcr3, respectively,

produce the gatings for the upper switches S31, S32,and S33 in the right legs of the H-bridge cells. The gate signals for all the lower switches in the H-bridge legs are not shown since these switches operate in a complementary manner with respect to their corresponding upper switches.

Figure (a) Phase-shifted PWM for seven-level CHB inverters (mf = 3, ma = 0.8, fm = 60 Hz, and fcr = 180 Hz).

The inverter phase voltage can be found from VAN = vH1 + vH2 + vH3 where vH1, vH2, and vH3 are the output voltages of cells H1, H2, and H3, respectively. It is clear that the inverter phase voltage waveform is formed by seven voltage steps: +3E, 2E, E, 0, E, 2E, and 3E.

(b) 7 level inverter

(c)9 level inverter

7 level simulation
S i n e W av eR . >= <= g C g C vc r1 .1 m E m <= .1 1 >= vc r-1 S i n e W av eR 1 .6

s11

s13

vc r2

>= .3 C C <= g g + - v

.2

s14

s12

.10

.7 vc r-2 <= .1 2 >=

.9
m m

s21

s23
E

0.

vc r3

.4 >= .5 <=

.15
g C g m m

vc r-3

.8 <= .1 3 >=

s24

s22
E

S i n e W av eR 3 S i n e W av eR 2

m g m

s31

s33
E

.14 s34
S co p e2

s32
E

S co p e1 S i n e W av eR 4

C ontinuous powergui
S i n e W av e1

V cr T o Wo rksp ac e S i n e W av e3 .2 8 >= <= .1 7 g C g C .1 9 >= vc r-4

Vl T o Wo rksp ac e1

.1 6

vc r4

m g

<=

s1

s3
E

vc r5

>= .2 5 C C <= g g + v -

.2 4

s4

s2

.18

.2 9 vc r-5 <= .2 0 >=

.31
m m

s5

s7
E

0.1

vc r6

.2 6 >= .2 7 <=

.23
g C g m m

vc r-6

.3 0 <= .2 1 >=

s8

s6
E

g m g m

s9

s15
E

s16

s10
E

.22

S i n e W av e4

.3 2 >=

S i n e W av e5 .4 4 <=

.3 3 g C g vc r7 m m <=

s17

s26
E

.3 5 vc r-7 >=

vc r8

>= .4 1 C C <= g g + v -

.4 0

s27

s25

.34

.4 5 vc r-8 <= .3 6 >=

.47
m m

s28

s30
E

0.2

vc r9

.4 2 >= .4 3 <=

.39
g C g m m

vc r-9

.4 6 <= .3 7 >=

s35

s29
E

g m g m

s36

s19
E

.38
g C m

s20

s18
E

OUTPUT

Seven level carrier signal 1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

a m p litu d e

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 tim e

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8 x 10

2
4

Output Phase Voltage for Seven Level Inverter 300 200 100 V o lta g e 0 -100 -200 -300 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Time 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x 10 2
4

Output Line V oltage for Seven Level Inverter 500 400 300 200 100 V o lta g e 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Time 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x 10 2
4

9 LEVEL SIMULATION
Cg

IGBT/Diode6
Sine Wave m E <= Relational Operator NO T Logic al Operator <= Repeating Sequence3 Relational Operator1 <= Repeating Sequence1 Relational Operator2 NO T Logic al Operator1

IGBT/Diode5
m E

Repeating Sequence2

Vdc1
Cg

IGBT/Diode3
m E

IGBT/Diode4
m E

g C

Cg

Cg

m E

<= Repeating Sequence7 Relational Operator3

Logic al Operator2

Vdc2
g C NO T Logic al Operator3

m E

NO T

IGBT/Diode10

IGBT/Diode9

Cg

+ - v Cg

IGBT/Diode7
m E

IGBT/Diode8
m E

Vab1

>= g C Repeating Sequence5 Relational Operator4 NO T Logic al Operator4

IGBT/Diode14
m E

IGBT/Diode13
m E Sine Wave3 g C

Vdc3

>= Repeating Sequence6 Relational Operator5 >= Repeating Sequence4 Relational Operator6 >= Repeating Sequence8 Relational Operator7

NO T Logic al Operator5 NO T Logic al Operator6 NO T Logic al Operator7

IGBT/Diode11
m E

IGBT/Diode12
Cg m E

Cg

g C

Sc ope4

IGBT/Diode16

IGBT/Diode15
m E m E Sine Wave4

Vdc4
Cg

IGBT/Diode1
m E

IGBT/Diode2
m E

g C

Cg

Continuous
Sine Wave5

powergui

Cg

IGBT/Diode45
Sine Wave2 <= Relational Operator16 NO T Logic al Operator16 <= m E Repeating Sequence19 Relational Operator17 <= Cg g C NO T Logic al Operator17

IGBT/Diode44
m E m E m E g C

Repeating Sequence18 Cg Cg

Vdc9
Cg

IGBT/Diode29
Sine Wave1 m E <= Relational Operator8 NO T Logic al Operator8 <= Repeating Sequence11 Relational Operator9 <= Repeating Sequence9 Relational Operator10 NO T Logic al Operator9

IGBT/Diode28

IGBT/Diode42

IGBT/Diode43
m E

Repeating Sequence10

Vdc5

Cg

Cg

IGBT/Diode26
m E

IGBT/Diode27
m E

Repeating Sequence17

Relational Operator18

m E

<= Repeating Sequence23 Relational Operator19 g C g C

Logic al Operator18

Vdc10
g C NO T Logic al Operator19

m E

NO T

IGBT/Diode34

IGBT/Diode48

Cg

+ - v Cg

m E

<= Repeating Sequence15 Relational Operator11

Logic al Operator10

m E

NO T

IGBT/Diode18

IGBT/Diode32

IGBT/Diode46
m E

IGBT/Diode47
m E

R2

Vab3

>= g C

Vdc6
g C Cg NO T Logic al Operator11

+ -v

m E

IGBT/Diode30

IGBT/Diode31
m E m E

R1

Vab2
>= Repeating Sequence22 Relational Operator21 >= Repeating Sequence20 Relational Operator22 >=

Logic al Operator20

Vdc11

g C

m E

m E

Repeating Sequence13

Relational Operator12

g C

NO T Logic al Operator21 NO T Logic al Operator22 NO T Logic al Operator23

g C

>= NO T Logic al Operator12

IGBT/Diode22 Vdc7

IGBT/Diode21

IGBT/Diode35
m E

IGBT/Diode36
g C m E

Cg

m E

Repeating Sequence21

Relational Operator20

NO T

IGBT/Diode38

IGBT/Diode37

g C

IGBT/Diode40

IGBT/Diode39
m E m E g C

>= Repeating Sequence14 Relational Operator13 >= Repeating Sequence12 Relational Operator14 >= Repeating Sequence16 Relational Operator15

NO T Logic al Operator13 NO T Logic al Operator14 NO T Logic al Operator15

IGBT/Diode19

IGBT/Diode20
m E Cg m E Cg

g C

Vdc12 IGBT/Diode33
Cg

Cg

m E

IGBT/Diode24
m E

IGBT/Diode23
m E

Repeating Sequence24

Relational Operator23

IGBT/Diode41
m E

g C

Continuous powergui2

Vdc8
Cg

IGBT/Diode17
m E

IGBT/Diode25
m E

g C

Continuous powergui1

OUTPUT

9 level carrier output 1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2 a m p lit u d e

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 time

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2 x 10 4

Outp ut Phase Voltage fo r Nine L evel Inverter 600 400 200 V o lta g e 0 -200 -400 -600 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Tim e 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x 10 2
4

Output Line Voltage for Nine Level Inverter 1000

500

V o lt a g e

-500

-1000 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Time 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x 10 2
4