(CASEBASED)

A.
Precipitating Factors: Hypertension Hyperlipidemia

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Predisposing Factors:

VASOCONSTRICTION

Life style (sedentary) Age Diet Sex Heredity

Blockage of the blood vessel Embolism Lack of oxygen & ANEURYSM RUPTURES nutrients supply

Cerebral Ischemia

Hypoxia Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

High blood pressure, smoking, and a family history of burst aneurysms.

- Cell death - Decreased Oxygen level

Altered cerebral metabolism Venous Stroke

Severe dehydration, severe infection in the sinuses of the head and medical or genetic conditions that increase a persons tendency to form blood clots.

Intracerebral

Decreased cerebral perfusion Large Artery INTRACEREBRAL diabetes, smoking and high Hypertension, HEMORRHAGE levels. cholesterol Strokes

P A R A L Y S I S

Local Acidosis

(left basal ganglia bleeding)

Cytotoxic Edema(vasogenic edema)

Transient Ischemic Attack

Same with Ischemic stroke

Aneurysm Rupture

Small Artery Stroke

Hypertension, diabetes and smoking.

Embolic strokes

Irregular heart beat (atrial fibrillation), a heart attack (myocardial infarction), heart failure or a small hole in the heart called a PFO (Patent Foramen Ovale).

Brain tissue Damage

B.NARRATIVE EXPLANATION
A stroke is caused by a blocked or bleeding artery in the brain. Most strokes are due to blocked arteries that supply blood to the brain and are called ischemic strokes. Strokes due to bursting of brain blood vessels are called hemorrhagic strokes. Intracerebral hemorrhage is caused by bleeding into the brain itself, while subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to bleeding around the base of the brain. Intracerebral Hemorrhage This type of stroke is caused by the bleeding of a blood vessel within the brain. As a result of the bleeding a blood clot forms in the brain, which puts pressure on the brain and damages it. Although intracerebral hemorrhage is less common than ischemic stroke and it is more serious. The most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage is high blood pressure. Another cause, especially in younger people with intracerebral hemorrhages, is abnormally formed blood vessels in the brain (vascular malformations or aneurysms). Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage results from the bleeding of an artery around the base of the brain. It is the least common stroke type, accounting for about 5% of all strokes. The most frequent cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding from an aneurysm. An aneurysm is a weakening and ballooning of a short portion of an artery (similar to a bubble on the side of an old hose). The factors that can increase a persons risk of this type of stroke include high blood pressure, smoking, and a family history of burst aneurysms.