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1 Definition
"A computer program that uses artificial intelligence to solve problems, to make decision and clarify uncertainties by using specialized domain and analytical rules that ordinarily requires human expertise."
1.3 Domain
The area of knowledge addressed by the expert system.
2 Explanation
In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning about knowledge, like an expert, and not by following the procedure of a developer as is the case in conventional programming.
"IF it is living THEN it is mortal" "IF his age = known THEN his year of birth = date of today - his age in years" "IF the identity of the germ is not known with certainty AND the germ is gram-positive AND the morphology of the organism is "rod" AND the germ is aerobic THEN there is a strong probability (0.8) that the germ is of type enterobacteriacae"
2.2.4 Example
A good example of application of expert systems in banking area is expert systems for mortgages. Loan departments are interested in expert systems for mortgages because of the growing cost of labor which makes the handling and acceptance of relatively small loans less profitable. They also see in the application of expert systems a possibility for standardized, efficient handling of mortgage loan, and appreciate that for the acceptance of mortgages there are hard and fast rules which do not always exist with other types of loans.
3.5 - Domain Specific Expert system has a particular system casters a narrow area of specialization; Example an medical expert system cannot find faults in an electric circuit Quality of advise order by an expert system is depend on the amount of knowledge stored. 3.6 - Capability to assign confidence value Expert system can deliver quantitative information it can also interpret qualitatively derived values and can imprecise and incomplete data through assignment of confidence values
Role of expert system in evaluating the gap disparity in the business process to help out the management .
Explanation
Different tasks in business problem solving require different computation tools. Artificial intelligence techniques, (Expert System) as a tool, provide the capability to the program to solve complex problems by extracting ideas from data of a knowledge-base usually a database using a domain oriented set of rules in a manner that a human brain archives decision-making process to come up with a comprehensible solution. Expert systems are profession specialized programs. They are artificial intelligent systems but are inclined to only one area of professionalism. Artificial intelligence unlike conventional programs which concentrate on what data to analyze to come up with a solution, they concentrate on how an expert makes choices when faced with a professional challenge and why he/she makes such choices. These abilities are only provided by Artificial intelligence techniques and this is a role they play in decision support functions.
Example
Business Insight is an expert system for assessing and developing marketing and product/service strategies for larger businesses. By combining responses to questions with its built-in rules, it generates numerous conclusions about your business's strategies etc. These give unique insights into the complex relationships between hundreds of business concepts and enable strategies to be reviewed, modified and enhanced before implementation. Business Insight includes separate knowledge bases for product- and service-based enterprises. Its assessments can be exported to Microsoft Word and PowerPoint as well as to the PDF format and the Internet. Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/Vista/Win7 is required.
Expert Systems afford the opportunity of making the experienced employee's knowledge more available to newer, less experienced employees and of keeping that knowledge in the firm longer, even after the employees have left.
d. Judgment Problem:
Expert Systems cannot apply the judgment and intuition, which is an Important ingredient for problem solving. An Expert System has no common sense or judgment. There is no doubt thatcuring the next few years effective Expert Systems will continue to -be successfully applied. However, the accomplishment will not come easily. Among all of the possible application domains, the one that are selected will be the ones that best meet the firm's overall objectives in terms of maximizing payoff and minimizing risk of failure.