1. Chapter 16-17 Vocabulary Abnormal Psychology 2. Psychological Disorders- Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns 3.

ADHD- a psychological disorder marked by age 7 with these symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity 4. Medical Model- The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured 5. DSM-V- the APAs Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used to classify psychological disorders 6. Neurosis- a class of functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations, whereby behavior is not outside socially acceptable 7. Psychosis- a symptom or feature of mental illness typically characterized by radical changes in personality, impaired functioning, and a distorted or nonexistent sense of objective reality 8. Anxiety Disorders- psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors 9. GAD- an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal 10. Panic Disorder- an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread 11. Panic Attacks- attacks during which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations 12. Phobia- persistent irrational fear of a thing or situation 13. Specific Phobia- a generic term for any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects 14. Social Phobia- an intense fear of being scrutinized 15. Agoraphobia- the fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult 16. OCD- anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions 17. PTSD- disorder characterized by memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpiness, and insomnia 18. Somatoform Disorders- a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury 19. Conversion Disorder- condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation 20. Hypochondrias- a belief that physical symptoms are signs of a serious illness, even when there is no medical evidence to support the presence of an illness 21. Dissociative Disorder- disorder where a person appears a sudden loss of memory or change in identity 22. Dissociative Identity Disorder- people have two or more distinct identities that alternately control the persons behavior, with memory impairment across the different personality states 23. Dissociative Amnesia- a dissociative disorder that can be caused by extreme stress and result in suppressed memories of a traumatic event 24. Dissociative Fugue- one or more episodes of amnesia in which the inability to recall some or all of one's past

25. Personality Disorders- a type of mental illness in which you have trouble perceiving and relating to situations and to people, including yourself 26. Avoidant Personality Disorder- a disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to potential or actual rejection and criticism, a strong need for uncritical acceptance, social withdrawal 27. Schizoid Personality Disorder- a typological representation of bad character, of a vicious disposition formed by habitual passion 28. Histrionic Personality Disorder- a disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior 29. Narcissistic Personality Disorder- a disorder in which people have an inflated sense of their own importance and a deep need for admiration 30. Borderline Personality Disorder- an emotional disorder that causes emotional instability, leading to stress and other problems 31. Dependent Personality Disorder- a lack of self-confidence coupled with excessive dependence on others 32. Mood Disorders- mental disorders characterized by periods of depression, sometimes alternating with periods of elevated mood 33. Major Depressive Disorder- a moderate to severe episode of depression lasting two or more weeks 34. Dysthymia- a mild, but chronic, form of depression, usually lasting two or more years 35. Cyclothymia- a mood and mental disorder in the bipolar spectrum that causes both hypomanic and depressive episodes 36. Serotonin- neurotransmitter that affects mood 37. Norepinephrine- neurotransmitter that affects the autonomic nervous system 38. Mania- a euphoric, hyperactive, wildly optimistic state 39. Bipolar- a mood disorder where a person alternates between depression and mania 40. Learned Hopelessness Theory to Depression- the view that clinical depression and related mental illness result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation 41. Optimistic Explanatory Style- explain the causes of negative events as external, unstable and specific 42. SAD- form of depression occurring at certain seasons of the year, especially when the individual has less exposure to sunlight 43. Schizophrenia- a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions 44. Delusions- false beliefs 45. Hallucinations- false sensory inputs 46. Flat Affect- severe reduction in emotional expressiveness 47. Catatonia- a state of neurogenic motor immobility, and behavioral abnormality manifested by stupor 48. Paranoid Schizophrenia- a schizophrenia subtype in which the patient has false beliefs (delusions) that somebody or some people are plotting against them 49. Disorganized Schizophrenia- psychological disorder characterized by unusual thought processes 50. Catatonic Schizophrenia- immobility, extreme negativism, parrotlike repetition

51. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia- many and varied symptoms 52. Residual Schizophrenia- withdrawal, after hallucinations and elusions have disappeared 53. Dopamine Hypothesis- a high level of dopamine may intensify brain signals, creating paranoia and hallucinations 54. Word Salad- a mixture of random words that, while arranged in phrases that appear to give them meaning, actually carry no significance 55. Delusions of Grandeur- delusion (common in paranoia) that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are 56. Persecutional Delusions- delusions where everyone is out to get you 57. Echolalia- the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person 58. Echopraxia- the automatic repetition of movements made by another person 59. Psychotherapy- an emotionally charged interaction between a therapist and patient 60. Eclectic Approach- an approach that uses techniques from various forms of therapy 61. Psychoanalysis- free association, resistances, dreams, and transferences 62. Free Association- declaring the first word that comes to mind when faced with a key word 63. Resistance- the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material 64. Transference- the transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships 65. Psychodynamic Therapies- therapy focused on themes across important relationships 66. Interpersonal Psychotherapy- a brief therapy effective in treating depression by gaining insight into the roots of their difficulties, based on change here and now 67. Humanistic therapy- emphasized on peoples inherent potential for selffulfillment 68. Carl Rogers- psychologist who emphasized client-centered therapy 69. Client-centered Therapy- techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment 70. Non-directive Therapy- technique where a therapist listens, without judgment or interruptions, and refrains from directing the client toward certain insights 71. Active Listening- technique of empathic listening where a listener echoes, restates, and clarifies 72. Unconditional Positive Regard- a nonjudgmental, grace-filled environment where people may accept even their worst traits and feel valued 73. Behavior Therapy- therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors 74. Counterconditioning- a therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors 75. Exposure Therapy- therapies that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear 76. Mary Cover Jones- gradually moves the rabbit closer to Peter 77. Systematic Desensitization- therapy where the object of fear is presented in a nonthreatening manner in which a patient can become used to its presence

78. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy- therapy treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears 79. Aversive Conditioning- type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior 80. BF Skinner- psychologist 81. Token Economy- an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior that can be exchanged for privileges or treats 82. Cognitive Therapy- teaches people new, adaptive ways of thinking and acting 83. Aaron Beck- therapist trained in Freudian techniques, sought to reverse catastrophizing beliefs about themselves 84. Martin Seligman- wrote about changing negative thinking styles 85. Cognitive Behavior Therapy- combines cognitive and behavior therapy 86. Group Therapy- treats group as a system influenced by behaviors of others 87. Psychotherapy- focuses on what happens inside a person rather than outside influences 88. REBT- focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives 89. Biomedical Therapy- physically changing the brains functioning by altering its chemistry 90. Psychopharmacology- the study of effects of drugs on mind and behavior 91. Tardive Dyskinesia- involuntary movements of facial muscles, tongue, and limbs 92. Antianxiety Drugs- Xanax, Ativan 93. Antidepressant Drugs- Prozac, Lexipro, Zoloft, Paxil 94. SSRI- inhibits the reuptake of serotonin neurotransmitters 95. ECT- shock therapy to cure depression 96. Psychosurgery- surgery on the brain to cure mental disorders 97. Lobotomy- the removal of brain tissue in order to fix people