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1xEV-DO Technical Overview

2John Bowne 2/25/02 MAR | Re | 1 08/00 |

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Technical Overview


Agenda
Introduction

What is 1xEV-DO?
Terminology Timeline Misconceptions Overview Protocol Stack

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer
Channel Overview Forward Link Reverse Link

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Measurement Overview Questions and Answers

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

What is 1xEV-DO?
Terminology
Introduction

1xEV-DO is also known as:


HDR cdma2000-1x Evolution Data Oriented/Optimized/Only TIA IS-856 3GPP2 C.S0024

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

AN (Access Network) is the new term for base station AT (Access Terminal) is the new term for the mobile device Forward Link
AN transmits to the ATs

Reverse Link
AT transmits to the ANs

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

What is 1xEV-DO?
Development and Deployment Timeline
Introduction
12/1998 Milestone Description 10/1999 1xEV-DO Open Air Network 1/2000 1xEV-DO Open Air Capacity Tests 5/2002 Public Deployment in Korea

What is 1xEV-DO?
9/1998 HDR Live Demo @ PCS '98 4/1999 US West Lab Trial

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

1/1997 1/1997

1/1998

1/1999

1/2000

1/2001

1/2002 12/2002

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

6/1999 Sprint PCS 1xEV-DO Lab Trial 8/1997 HDR Concept Presentation to CDG

10/2000 IS-856 Standard Approved

5/2000 HDR Proposed to CDG as 1xEV-DO

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

What is 1xEV-DO?
Misconceptions
Introduction

Misconceptions
1xEV-DO is a sub/superset of cdma2000 1x 1xEV-DO uses the same protocol stack as cdma2000 1x 1xEV-DV will be an upgraded version of 1xEV-DO

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Reality
Channel Overview Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

1xEV-DO shares the chip rate and bandwidth of 1x cdma2000 A number of internal components of cdma2000 are used, but not identically The protocol stack uses some common terminology, but it is different Common timing system with cdmaOne and cdma2000

However
1xEV-DO contains provisions to allow for handoffs to cdma2000 1x Future revisions of cdma2000 1x will support handoffs to 1xEV-DO
2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

John Bowne 2/25/02

What is 1xEV-DO?
Overview
Introduction

1xEV-DO is a TDMA system


Uses CDMA-like principles for information coding, and addressing AN transmits at a constant output power Channels are differentiated by timing, Walsh encoding and preambles
Pilot is a periodic burst that occurs multiple times within a frame (Fwd)

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

MAHO are used, however soft handoffs are not used


An AT receives data from a single AN An AT monitors the Pilot and MAC from visible ANs AT makes the decision of which AN to receive data from AT specifies forward link data rate, dynamically Multiple ANs may receive data from the AT

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

The forward link transmits only a single channel at a time


With the exception of the Pilot and MAC channels

The reverse link transmits up to 4 different channels simultaneously Forward link data rates to 2.4 Mbps Reverse link data rates to 153.6 Kbps

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

What is 1xEV-DO?
Protocol Stack
Default Signaling Application
Signaling Network Protocol Signaling Link Protocol Radio Link Protocol Default Packet Application Location Update Protocol Flow Control Protocol Test Application Forward Test Application Protocol Reverse Test Application Protocol

Introduction

Application Layer

What is 1xEV-DO?
Stream Layer
Stream Protocol

Protocol Stack

Session Layer

Session Management Protocol Air Link Management Protocol

Address Management Protocol

Session Configuration Protocol

Channel Overview
Connection Layer

Initialization State Protocol

Idle State Protocol

Connected State Protocol Overhead Message Protocol

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion
Security Layer

Packet Consolidation Protocol

Route Update Protocol

Security Protocol

Key Exchange Protocol Forward Traffic Channel MAC Protocol

Authentication Protocol

Encryption Protocol

MAC Layer

Control Channel MAC Protocol

Access Channel MAC Protocol

Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Protocol

Physical Layer

Physical Layer Protocol

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Channel Overview
Introduction

An overview of the various channels within 1xEV-DO


Definitions
Forward and reverse link channels

What is 1xEV-DO?

Channel view diagram


Protocol Stack

Single and multiple ANs

Forward Link overview


Channel Overview

Forward Link Rate Control

Reverse Link overview


Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

RL Power Control Reverse Link Rate Control

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Channel Overview
Definitions
Introduction

Forward Link Channels


Pilot DRCLock
Data Rate Control Lock Channel

Reverse Link Channels


Pilot RRI
Reverse Rate Indicator Channel

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

RPC
Reverse Power Control Channel

DRC
Data Rate Control Channel

Channel Overview

RAB
Reverse Activity Bit Channel

ACK
Acknowledge

Data
Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Data

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Channel Overview
All channels Single AN
Pilot TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN CDM MAC TDM RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATA1

Introduction

TDM

What is 1xEV-DO?

AN (Access Network)
Data

TDM

Protocol Stack
TDM within slot CDM via MACIndex

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion
ACK DRC Pilot RRI DATA TDM CDM CDM via fixed Walsh codes

TDM within slot

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Access Terminal

TDM at slot boundaries

Channel Overview
All channels Multiple ANs
Pilot TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN CDM MAC TDM RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATAX TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATA1 TDM at slot boundaries

Introduction

TDM

What is 1xEV-DO?

AN - A
TDM Data

Protocol Stack

Pilot

Channel Overview

TDM CDM MAC TDM

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

AN - B
TDM Data TDM within slot CDM via MACIndex ACK DRC Pilot RRI DATA TDM within slot

TDM

CDM

CDM via fixed Walsh codes

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Access Terminal

Channel Overview
Forward Link
Pilot TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN CDM MAC TDM RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATAX TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATA1

Indicates that the DRC subchannel is being received properly 1

Introduction

TDM

What is 1xEV-DO?

AN - A
TDM Data

Protocol Stack

Pilot

Channel Overview

TDM CDM MAC TDM

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

AN - B
TDM Data

AT acknowledges successful receipt of data packet 4

ACK DRC Pilot RRI DATA TDM

Data delivered 3 using specified rate and sector


CDM

AT requests forward 2 rate and serving sector

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Access Terminal

Channel Overview
Reverse Link
Pilot TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN CDM MAC TDM RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATAX TDM RPCN DRCLOCKN RPC1 DRCLOCK1 RAB DATAN DATA1

Reverse Link is power controlled to optimize levels at AN(s). 1

Introduction

TDM

What is 1xEV-DO?

AN - A
TDM Data

AN(s) requests to lower reverse data rates. 2

Protocol Stack

Pilot

Channel Overview

TDM CDM MAC TDM

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

AN - B
TDM Data

AT specifies Reverse Link rate. 3a

ACK DRC Pilot RRI TDM CDM

AT sends packet to AN(s) 3b

DATA

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Access Terminal

Physical Layer
Forward Link
Introduction

Forward Link Topics


Timing Physical Structure Operation Overview Channel Description Coding Spreading Modulation

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Timing Structure
Introduction

Source
Like cdma2000, all AN timing is derived from a GPS reference (PP2S)

What is 1xEV-DO?

Hierarchy
Protocol Stack

Control Channel cycle


426.67 ms duration Control Channel broadcast once per cycle

Channel Overview

Frames
Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

26.67 ms duration 16 Frames per Control Channel cycle 75 Frames per 2 second period (PP2S)

Slots
1.67 ms duration 16 Slots per frame 2048 PN chips per slot

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Timing Structure (continued)
Introduction

Forward Link Details


PN offset used to differentiate Pilots (Sectors and/or Base stations)
Rollover point of the I and Q PN generators is different than cdma2000 and 1xEV-DO access terminals

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Frames aligned to PP2S edge (and zero offset PN rollover) The Slot is split into 2 Half Slots
0.83 ms duration 1024 PN chips per half slot 800 Data chips (in two 400 chip regions) 128 MAC channel chips (in two 64 chip regions) 96 Pilot chips

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Timing / Physical Structure
Introduction
PP2S
Pulse Per 2 Second 2 seconds

n-1

n+1

n+2

What is 1xEV-DO?
75 Frames

Frames
26.67 ms period

Protocol Stack

...1 0(15)1... ...1 0(15)1... Zero Offset I & Q Pilot PN Sequence Rollover

26.67 ms

16 Slots

Slots

Channel Overview

1.67 ms period 1.67 ms

1 Slot (2048 chips)

Half Slots

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

0.83 ms period 1 Half Slot (1024 chips) Data 400 chips MAC 64 chips Pilot 96 chips MAC 64 chips Data 400 chips

Chips
1.2288 MHz chip rate 813.8 ns chip period

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Operational Overview
Introduction

No simultaneous transmissions
i.e. only a single data stream is transmitted Each subchannel is defined by TDMA principles The entire output of the base station is dedicated to a specific AT
Except Simultaneous power control to active mobiles in the MAC subchannel Overhead messages Pilot Channel

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

MACIndex is a selector that specifies an active AT Packets sent by the AN use an integral number of slots
(preamble + data length + pilot + MAC) mod 2048 = 0

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Channel Descriptions
Introduction

Pilot
Used as a timing reference and a beacon to multiple ATs
MAHO is performed by the AT using pilots from multiple ANs

What is 1xEV-DO?

No information content other than a relative PN offset


Protocol Stack

MAC
Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

The only code domain encoded signal on the forward link A single bit per code channel per slot is transmitted Sub Channels
RAB Reverse Activity Bit MACIndex = 4 Update rate of the bit is configurable (from 8 to 64 slots) Indicates to the ATs that they should raise or lower the reverse data rate Not absolute, final decision is statistically based

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Channel Descriptions (continued)
Introduction

MAC (Continued)
Sub Channels (Continued)
RPC Reverse Power Control MACIndex from 5 to 63 Individual power control bits to active ATs (via their MACIndex) Single power control bit per slot (600 Hz update rate) If (RPC == 0) then AT increases power else AT decreases power DRCLock Data Rate Control Lock Replaces the RPC bit on a periodic basis (TDM) Indicates that the AN is unable to receive the DRC channel from the AT If (DRCLock == 0) then AT may not point at that specific AN This is a recent change to the 1xEV-DO specification (C.S0024 v2.1)

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Channel Descriptions (continued)
Introduction

Data
Preamble
Used to address a physical packet to a specific AT (via the MACIndex) Using a bi-orthogonal W32 cover MACIndex from 5 to 63 Length depends on data rate

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Traffic
Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Data rates from 38.4 to 2457.6 Kpbs Packet sizes from 1024 to 4096 bits (Using 1 to 16 slots per packet) Packets requiring more than 1 slot must be use an interleave factor of 4

Control
Data rates from 38.4 to 76.8 kbps (Using 8 or 16 slots per packet) Packet size is 1024 bits Formatted exactly as a traffic frame Differences exist in upper layers MACIndex 2 (38.4 kbps) or 3 (76.8 kbps) Control channel packets must be started within the first 4 slots of the control channel cycle

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Traffic/Control Channel Framing Details
1 Slot (2048 chips) Half Slots
0.83 ms period 1 Half Slot (1024 chips)

Introduction
Data 400 chips MAC 64 chips Pilot 96 chips MAC 64 chips Data 400 chips

What is 1xEV-DO?

Chips
1.2288 MHz chip rate 813.8 ns chip period

Protocol Stack
128 Control 64 Traffic 0

400 chips

400 chips

400 chips

400 chips

1024

1600

256

512

Channel Overview

Packet Size

Modulation Type

Chips in this slot

Y Y Y Y Y N

38.4 kbps 1024 1/5 QPSK 76.8 kbps 153.6 kbps 307.2 kbps 614.4 kbps 307.2 kbps 614.4 kbps 1228.8 kbps 921.6 kbps 1843.2 kbps 1228.8 kbps 2457.6 kbps
1. Preamble always starts on a full slot boundary 2. MACIndex encoded as W 32 on I channel only

16 576 8 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 1088 1344 1472 1536 1472 1536 1536 1536

15 7 3 1

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y N

1024 1024 1024 1024 2048 2048 2048 3072

1/5 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 8-PSK

3 1

3072 1/3 8-PSK 1 1536 4096 1/3 16-QAM 2 1536 4096 1/3 16-QAM 1 1536
Code Rate Total Slots

1 Packets requiring multiple slots use a 4 slot interlace system.

Preamble

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Coding / Spreading / Modulation
Introduction

A multistage spreading scheme is used


Each subchannel is encoded/processed with a variety of schemes
Turbo coding Interleaving / Bit repetition / Puncturing Walsh covering QPSK / 8-PSK / 16 QAM Modulation Time domain multiplexing / gating Gain controls

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

A long code is NOT used on the Forward Link Final spreading is done using a Hybrid PSK system
Simplified version of the cdma2000 Forward Link spreading system

Bandpass and phase compensation filters are applied to the final signal
These filters are IDENTICAL to the ones used for cdmaOne / cdma2000

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Forward Link
Subchannel Encoding / Spreading / Modulation
Subchannel encoding Quadrature Spreading (Complex Multiply) AN RF Convertor

TDM

TDM
cos(2fct)

Introduction
I Data I Q I Q I Forward subchannels Preamble O Q Q Q Data I Q

+
I Data

Bandpass Filter

Phase Compensation

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

To Antenna

Channel Overview

sin(2fct) I MAC Q PNQ Q-Channel PN Sequence @ 1.2288 Mcps PNI I-Channel PN Sequence @ 1.2288 Mcps I Pilot O Q

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Physical Layer
Reverse Link
Introduction

Reverse Link Topics


Timing Physical Structure Operational Overview Access Channel Overview
Channel Description Coding Structure

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Reverse Traffic Channel Overview


Channel Description Coding Structure

Spreading Modulation

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Timing Structure
Introduction

Source
All timing is derived from the received AN zero offset PN rollover
This provides a reference for the reverse frames Forward link flight time is invisible

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Hierarchy
Channel Overview

Frames
26.67 ms duration

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Slots
1.67 ms duration 16 Slots per frame 2048 PN chips per slot

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Timing / Physical Structure
Introduction
FwdLink Frames
26.67 ms period Zero Offset PN Sequence Rollover ...1 ...1 0(15)1... 0(15)1...

What is 1xEV-DO?

One Way Delay (~3 us/km)


(Invisible at Access Terminal)

Protocol Stack

RevLink Frames
26.67 ms period ...10(15) 1... (15) 1... ...10
26.67 ms

Channel Overview

PN Sequence Rollover
16 Slots

Slots

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

1.67 ms period
1.67 ms

1 Slot (2048 chips)

Chips
1.2288 MHz chip rate 813.8 ns chip period

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Operational Overview
Introduction

Reverse Link Overview


Multiple subchannels implemented using CDMA and TDMA techniques Two different operating modes
Access Discontinuous transmission Traffic Continuous transmission

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

The AT PN rollover point is different than for the AT (15 chips later)
Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

AT: Midway between a string of 15 0 bits and a 1 bit This is the same as in cdmaOne and cdma2000 on both forward and reverse links AN: Midway between a 1 bit and a string of 15 0 bits

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Channel Description Access
Introduction

Access Channel
Uses
Communications with the AN when an active session has not been set up Registration of the AT within the network Requesting a session to be created

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Implementation
Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Consists of two subchannels (Pilot, Data) Pilot is an all zero datastream (W160 encoded) on the I channel only Data is a 9.6 kpbs datastream (W42 encoded) on the Q channel only 256 bit packets Constant output power between preamble and data phases Data subchannel power is scaled relative to pilot power Pilot power is reduced by 6 dB during data phase Similar operation to the access probe sequencing defined in IS-95/IS-2000 Minimum data transmission length is 16 slots Governed by the message length of the Access Channel message Minimum preamble transmission length is 16 slots Governed by parameters specified by the network MAC layer
2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

John Bowne 2/25/02

Reverse Link
Access Channel Structure
Introduction
ts ) Slo kets x n l Pa c 6 1 ica ys Ph n

What is 1xEV-DO?
(

Protocol Stack
gth en leL mb

Channel Overview

I
x 16

a Pre

6 dB

ts Slo C) A (M

nly so bp k 9.6

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion
Pilot Data P

Q t

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic
Introduction

Uses
Used continuously during an active session

What is 1xEV-DO?

Implementation
Protocol Stack

Consists of five subchannels (Pilot, Data, RRI, DRC, ACK) Continuous transmission
The Data subchannel is present only when there no data to send The ACK subchannel is present only when receiving Forward data packets

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Minimum data transmission length is 16 slots


The encoded length of a reverse link physical packet is always 16 slots

Power control
Pilot channel is directly power controlled via Forward MAC subchannel Other channels are specified (via messaging) relative to the Pilot channel

Code division (from other ATs) is done via User long code masks
The long code is reset to a specific value at every reverse link frame start

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic
Introduction

Subchannels
Pilot
Used to train the AN receiver and assist in the recovery of reverse link data Pilot is an all zero datastream with a W160 cover on the I channel only

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

RRI
The 3 bit reverse data rate is encoded and spread/repeated across 16 slots Possible rates are: No data, 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, and 153.6 Kbps The first 1/8 of each slot of the Pilot channel is replaced with the RRI channel RRI has a W160 cover and transmitted on the I channel only

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

ACK
Used to acknowledge the successful reception of a forward traffic packet May be used to early terminate a packet transmission A single bit is spread/repeated across the first half of the slot Nothing is transmitted in its place in the second half of the slot Data is W84 covered on the I channel only Transmitted only when the AT is receiving packets on the forward link

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic (continued)
Introduction

Subchannels (continued)
DRC
Used to communicate two pieces of information to the AN Data rate control Specifies the rate that the AT can receive for the current conditions The 4 bit data rate is encoded as an 8 bit bi-orthogonal value Serving AN point Identifies which AN point is to deliver forward traffic to the AT Encoded as 1 of 8 W8 covers of the data rate control value DRC is transmitted for an entire slot, but is shifted one half slot late DRC has a final W168 cover and transmitted on the Q channel only MAC Parameters DRC Length (1 8) slots (sets the amount of time that an estimate is valid) DRC Gating (This allows the AT to transmit the DRC data only once and it remains in effect for DRCLength slots)

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Channel Description Traffic (continued)
Introduction

Subchannels (continued)
Data
Data rates range from 9.6 to 153.6 kbps with packet sizes of 256 to 4096 bytes The encoded length of a reverse link physical packet is always 16 slots Frame Offset specifies the offset from the start of the reverse link frame to the start of the packet Data has a W42 cover and transmitted on the Q channel only Power level is set relative to the reverse pilot and per reverse rate setting

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Reverse Traffic Channel Structure
Introduction
1/2 t Slo

What is 1xEV-DO?

I
1/2

t Slo

Protocol Stack

Physical Layer Forward Link


Unity Gain

ACK

Channel Overview

ACKGain

1/2

t Slo

RRI

Pilot

Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

DRCGain

Q
DRC Data

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Spreading / Modulation
Introduction

A multistage spreading scheme is used


Each subchannel is encoded/processed with a variety of schemes
Turbo coding Interleaving / Bit repetition / Puncturing Walsh covering Time domain multiplexing / gating Gain controls

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Channel Overview

Separate I and Q long code masks are used


Long code state is reloaded at every PN rollover with 0x24B91BFD3A8

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Each subchannel is summed into the I or Q domain before the final spreading operation Final spreading is done using a Hybrid PSK system
Same as the cdma2000 Reverse Link spreading system

Bandpass filters are applied to the final spread signal


These filters are IDENTICAL to the ones used for cdmaOne / cdma2000

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Reverse Link
Subchannel Encoding / Spreading / Modulation
Subchannel encoding Pilot TDM cos(2fct) + RRI subchannel Quadrature Spreading (Complex Multiply) AT RF Converter

Introduction

What is 1xEV-DO?
ACK subchannel

I Data -

Bandpass Filter

Protocol Stack
DRC subchannel +

To Antenna

Channel Overview
Data subchannel

Q Data

+ sin(2fct)

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion
I-Channel Short PN Sequence I-Channel Access/User Long-Code PN Sequence

Walsh Cover (+=) + Decimate by 2 Q-Channel Short PN Sequence Q-Channel Access/User Long-Code PN Sequence

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Measurements
Introduction

Measurement Specifications
Minimum Performance Specifications for Access Networks (MPS_AN)
A set of tests for the access networks at all layers including the physical layer 3GPP2 C.S0032 TIA/EIA IS-864

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Minimum Performance Specifications for Access Terminals (MPS_AT)


Channel Overview

A set of tests for the access terminals at all layers including the physical layer 3GPP2 C.S0033 TIA/EIA IS-866

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

Test Application Specification


Specification for AN and AT applications that run on the protocol stacks Used to control the operation of the device for testing purposes
3GPP2 C.S0029-0 TIA/EIA/IS-890

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Measurements
Physical Layer AT Tx
Section # Measurement Name Frequency Coverage Frequency Accuracy Time Reference Waveform Quality and Frequency Accuracy Redundant ACK Transmission Range of Open Loop Output Power Time Response of Open Loop Power Control Range of Closed Loop Power Control Maximum RF Output Power Minimum Controlled Output Power Standby Output Power RRI Channel Output Power Code Domain Power DRC Channel Output Power Code Domain Power ACK Channel Output Power Code Domain Power Data Channel Output Power Conducted Spurious Emissions Radiated Spurious Emissions Occupied Bandwidth Measurement Type Design Time Check Waveform Quality Waveform Quality vs Time Waveform Quality CDP (Triggered) Power (Triggered) Power vs Time Power vs Time Power Power Power (Triggered) CDP (Triggered) CDP (Triggered) CDP (Triggered) CDP (Triggered) Spectrum Spectrum Spectrum

Introduction

3.1.2.1.1 3.1.2.1.2 3.1.2.2.1

What is 1xEV-DO?

3.1.2.2.2 3.1.2.2.3

Protocol Stack

3.1.2.3.1 3.1.2.3.2 3.1.2.3.3

Channel Overview

3.1.2.3.4 3.1.2.3.5

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

3.1.2.3.6 3.1.2.3.7 3.1.2.3.8.1 3.1.2.3.8.2 3.1.2.3.8.3 3.1.2.4.1 3.1.2.4.2 3.1.2.4.3

Measurement descriptions from the 3GPP2 document C.S0033 (C00-20011015-109__AT-MPS_PPV.doc) 15-Oct-2001

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

1xEV-DO Measurements
Physical Layer AT Rx
Section # Measurement Name Demodulation of Forward Traffic Channel in AWGN Demodulation of Forward Traffic Channel in Multipath Fading Channel Decision of Power Control Bit for Channels belonging to Different Power Control Sets Decision of Power Control Bit for Channels belonging to the Same Power Control Set Demodulation of Reverse Power Control Channel during Soft Handoff Receiver Sensitivity and Dynamic Range Single Tone Desensitization Intermodulation Spurious Response Attenuation Adjacent Channel Selectivity Conducted Spurious Emissions Radiated Spurious Emissions Measurement Type PER PER Power vs Time Power vs Time Power vs Time PER PER PER PER Spectrum Spectrum

Introduction

3.1.1.2.1 3.1.1.2.2 3.1.1.2.3

What is 1xEV-DO?

3.1.1.2.4 3.1.1.2.5

Protocol Stack

3.1.1.3.1 3.1.1.3.2

Channel Overview

3.1.1.3.3 3.1.1.3.4 3.1.1.4.1

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

3.1.1.4.2

Measurement descriptions from the 3GPP2 document C.S0033 (C00-20011015-109__AT-MPS_PPV.doc) 15-Oct-2001

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

Summary
Introduction

What is 1xEV-DO?

Protocol Stack

Technical overview of 1xEV-DO Detailed examination of channel operation Forward link overview Reverse link overview Brief overview of the measurements defined for 1xEV-DO

Channel Overview

Physical Layer Forward Link Physical Layer Reverse Link Measurement Overview Conclusion

John Bowne 2/25/02

2002 Wireless Symposium - 1xEV-DO - Technical Overview

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