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Incineration
Incineration eliminates pollutants by burning the soil in a kiln at temperatures ranging from 650-1200C. The ash is then fed into a cooling screw conveyor and sprayed with water to further reduce its temperature before being transferred into dumpsters which are later removed and deposited off site. A secondary combustion chamber (SCC) operating at a higher temperature further reduces any residual contaminants in the gas. A quench chamber is used to cool gases leaving the SCC through water evaporation. Optional scrubbers can be used to remove and acid gas that may have been produced during combustion by neutralizing with sodium hydroxide.
Incineration
Pros Short treatment duration Removes range of organics and combustible compounds (PCBs etc) Permanently destroys hazardous and organic contaminants Flexible application to wide range of materials and soil types Cons Efficiency dependent on soil characteristics Can be costly Limited applicable area: excavation soil deeper than topsoil impractical Concern over air emissions and restrictions put in place by regulatory bodies limit use
Resources
(1) Page, C.A., Diamond, M.L., Campbell, M. &McKenna, S.. (Aug 1998) Take a life-cycle view of site remediation. Chemical Engineering Progress. New York. Vol. 94, Iss. 8; pg. 63, 8 pgs (2) Hockman, B. (1992) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 32, 129-136 (3) Harbottle, M.J., Al-Tabbaa, A., Evans, C.W. (April 2008). Sustainability of land remediation. Part 1: overall analysis. Geotechnical Engineering. Issue GE2 pg 75-92 (4) Perdek, J.M. (1997). Decision Analysis of Incineration Costs in Superfund Site Remediation. Environmental Engineering Science. Vol 14, 1 (5) Valenti, M. (1994). Cleaning soil without incineration. Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 116, Issue 5 (6) Acharya, P., Pfrommer, C.. (1998). Twenty years of site remediation via incineration in the United States. Environmental Progress. Vol. 17, iss. 1, pg 31-37 (7) Leuser, R.M, Velazquez, L.A, Cohen, A. & Janssen, J. (1990). Remediation of PCB Soil Contamination by On-Site Incineration. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 25 pg375-385 (8) Simon, J. (2007). Editors Perspective- Surverys Reveal Trends in Remedy Selection. Remediation, Winter pg 1-5