Sie sind auf Seite 1von 6

Supply chain management (SCM) Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they

move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by the end customers (Harland, 1996). Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally." Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows:
y y

The product flow The information flow

y The finances flow The product flow includes the movement of goods from a supplier to a customer, as well as any customer returns or service needs. The information flow involves transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. The financial flow consists of credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and title ownership arrangements.

There are two main types of SCM software: planning applications and execution applications. Planning applications use advanced algorithms to determine the best way to fill an order. Execution applications track the physical status of goods, the management of materials, and financial information involving all parties. ORDER MANAGEMENT An ERP order management system takes in orders on the front end and fulfills those orders on the back end. On the front end, the system captures data such as customer number, product part number and due date for routing and indexing when an order arrives, no matter whether the order is in the form of a fax, phone call, email, or whether it is paper-based or electronic. Captured data is then transferred to an order management application. In the back office, the manufacturing order management makes sure that the order gets fulfilled -- and at the lowest cost, said Greg Aimi, a research director at AMR Research who analyzes clients' demanddriven supply.

Orders can be received from businesses, consumers, or a mix of both, depending on the products. Offers and pricing may be done via catalogs, websites, or broadcast networkadvertisements. An integrated order management system may encompass these modules:
         

Product Information (descriptions, attributes, locations, quantities) Inventory Availability (ATP) and Sourcing Vendors, Purchasing, and Receiving Marketing (Catalogs, promotions, pricing) Customers and Prospects Order Entry and Customer Service (including Returns and Refunds) Financial Processing (credit cards, billing, payment on account) Order Processing (selection, printing, picking, packing, shipping) Data Analysis and Reporting Financials (Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, General Ledger) LOGISITCS Logistics is the management of the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet the requirements of customers or corporations. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and often security. Logistics is a channel of the supply chain which adds the value of time and place utility. Today the complexity of production logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized and optimized by plant simulation software, but is constantly changing. This can involve anything from consumer goods such as food, to IT materials, to aerospace and defense equipment. Logistics is one of the main functions within a company. The main targets of logistics can be divided into performance related and costrelated. They are high due date reliability, short delivery times, low inventory level and high capacity utilization. But when decisions need to be made, there is always a trade off between these targets. This is what makes being a logistician challenging and interesting.

Given the services performed by logistics, one can distinguish the main fields of it as it follows:
    

Procurement Logistics Production Logistics Distribution Logistics After sales Logistics Disposal Logistics

Procurement Logistics consists of activities such as market research, requirements planning, make or buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order controlling. The targets in procurement logistics might be contradictory - maximize the efficiency by concentrating on core competences, outsourcing while maintaining the autonomy of the company, and minimization of procurement costs while maximizing the security within the supply process.

Production Logistics connects procurement to distribution logistics. The main function of production logistics is to use the available production capacities to produce the products needed in distribution logistics. Production logistics activities are related to organizational concepts, layout planning, production planning, and control. Distribution Logistics has, as main tasks, the delivery of the finished products to the customer. It consists of order processing, warehousing, and transportation. Distribution logistics is necessary because the time, place, and quantity of production differs with the time, place, and quantity of consumption. Disposal Logistics' main function is to reduce logistics cost(s), enhance service(s), and save natural resources. SCM-BASIC PRINCIPLES

TASKS To be able to plan for SCM as a part of project management, it is necessary to understand the tasks in the SCM process. The five tasks of the SCM process are configuration identification, change control, version control, configuration auditing, and reporting. These tasks relate to software configuration items (SCIs) and can be seen as concentric layers that apply to SCIs as the project progresses.

The Tasks in the SCM Process course includes:


y y y y y

Configuration Identification Change Control Version Control Configuration Auditing Reporting INTERFACES

Supply chain interfaces are areas where information or physical goods are exchanged between one trading partner and another - where trading partners "interface" with one another to achieve the successful transfer of goods or information. Interfaces, by their very nature, tend to be unique for each trading partner dyad, i.e, what works for one dyad may not work for another depending on the nature of the goods and information being exchanged. Collaborative logistics management (CLM) is one area where interfaces play a key role in achieving success because of the interenterprise nature of the processes required for execution. In the logistics arena, and in CLM specifically, three important players in managing supply chain interfaces, and the players studied in this work, are: (1) transportation carriers; (2) logistics service providers (LSPs); and (3) logistics service intermediaries (LSIs).

MODULE-8 TYPES OF SCM There are two types of supply chain: External supply chain - involving other companies. Supply chain management involves relationships with: the customer through marketing and sales; and with suppliers through the procurement function. Internal supply chain - involving functions / departments / business units within the organisation.

Four Key Benefits of Supply Chain Management

Improve Your Supply Chain Network Supply chain softwares provide complete, 360 degree visibility across the entire supply chain network something that cannot be easily achieved with disjointed manual processes. With supply chain, users can monitor the status of all activities across all suppliers, production plants, storage facilities, and distribution centers. This enables more effective tracking and management of all related processes, from the ordering and acquisition of raw materials, through manufacturing and shipping of finished goods to customers or retail outlets. So the status of mission-critical activities can be tracked at all times, and potential inefficiencies or problems can be identified and corrected immediately, before they become unmanageable. Minimized Delays Many supply chains particularly those that havent been enhanced with a supply chain application are plagued by delays that can result in poor relationships and lost business. Late shipments from vendors,

slow downs on production lines, and logistical errors in distribution channels are all common issues that can negatively impact a companys ability to satisfy customer demand for its products. With supply chain software, all activities can be seamlessly coordinated and executed from start to finish, ensuring much higher levels of on-time delivery across the board. Enhanced Collaboration Imagine having the ability to know exactly what your suppliers and distributors are doing at all times and vice versa. Supply chain softwares make that possible, bridging the gap between disparate business softwares at remote locations to dramatically improve collaboration among supply chain partners. With supply chain softwares, all participants can dynamically share vital information such as demand trend reports, forecasts, inventory levels, order statuses, and transportation plans in real-time. This type of instantaneous, unhindered communication and data-sharing will help keep all key stakeholders informed, so supply chain processes can run as flawlessly as possible. Reduced Costs A supply chain software can help reduce overhead expenses in a variety of ways. For example, it can:


Improve inventory management, facilitating the successful implementation of just-in-time stock models, and eliminating the strain on real estate and financial resources caused by the need to store excess components and finished goods Enable more effective demand planning, so production output levels can be set to most effectively address customer requirements without the shortages that result in lost sales, or the waste that drains budgets Improve relationships with vendors and distributors, so purchasing and logistics professionals can identify cost-cutting opportunities such as volume discounts. BARRIERS OR POSSIBLE OBSTACLES IN SCM y y y y y y y y Lack of guidance for creating alliances with supply chain partners Failure to develop measures for monitoring alliances Inability to broaden the supply chain vision beyond the procurement or product distribution to encompass larger business processes Inability to integrate the companys internal procedures Lack of trust inside and outside a company Organizational resistance to the concept Lack of integrated information systems and electronic commerce linking firms Lack of suitable organizational setup

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen