AMIE(I)

STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.)

A Focused Ap proach

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Filter Circuits
As we have seen that the output obtained from rectifiers contains A.C. ripples also. If such a pulsating D.C. is fed to electronic devices/circuits, it produces hum and the performance of the device circuit is not satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary that the undesired A.C. from ripples may be removed(filtered). The circuit which remove or filter out A.C. ripples from rectifier output and provide a smooth D.C. are known as filter circuits.

TYPES OF FILTER CIRCUITS

Important filter circuits used in electronic devices are : (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Shunt capacitor filter Series inductor filter Choke input LC filter Capacitor input filter

Choke input LC filter

In this circuit, a choke L(in series) as well as a capacitor C(in shunt, i.e. parallel) is connected. The combined action of both improves the effectiveness of the circuit. The inductor blocks A.C. components and allows D.C. components to reach the load. The capacitor in its turn allows A.C. components to pass through it and D.C. components to the load. Therefore, by these combined actions of the two most of the D.C. components manage to reach the load. The effectiveness of the circuit can be improved further by using designed number of LC networks.

Choke input LC filter Above figure shows the circuit.

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AMIE(I)

STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.)

A Focused Approach

Capacitor input filter

This is just like LC filter circuit plus an additional capacitor across the output (figure a). This gives the circuit a shape of (figure b) and hence the name.

Capacitor input filter C1 block D.C. components which, therefore, move towards the load. It provides low resistance path to A.C. components which flow through the inductor L. L allows D.C. components, but blocks A.C. components and is heated up. C2 filters those components which manage to cross C1 and L , and only pure D.C. appears across the load. This is the most superior filter circuit and gives almost pure D.C. Can be used with H.W as well as F.W. circuits. Costly and heavier. Example A single phase full wave rectifier makes use of a section filter with two 10F and a choke of 10 H. The secondary voltage is 280 V rms with respect to centre tap. If the load current is 100 mA, determine the d.c. output voltage and percentage of ripple in the output. Assume supply frequency of 50 Hz. Solution The load resistance RL = 280/0.1 = 2800 Ripple factor = 3300/(10 x 10 x 10 x 2800) = 0.118 % Now, Vm = Vdc + (Idc/4fc) 396 = Vdc + (0.1/4 x 50 x 10 x 10-6)
Vdc = 346 volt

Problem An L-Section filter with L = 2 H and C = 40F is used in the output of a full wave single phase rectifier that is fed from a 40-0-40 V peak transformer. The load current is 0.2 amp. Calculate the ripple factor and output d.c. voltage. Assume that the rectifier diodes are ideal. Show the circuit diagram. Hint: Edc = EmIdc/ 40 x 2/3.14 volts, Ripple factor(f or 50 Hz frequency) = 1.195/LC.
P.B. NO.77, 2 ND FLOOR, SULTAN TOWERS, ROORKEE 247667 UTTARANCHAL PH: (01332) 266328 Email : pcourses@hotmail.com