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ZUHp|DHmUi| p|'8 ;] D| \% ;`Jf ~~I ?mDO |"mD~UjNp|~
Up
i~+Li)I J 8 ?m~UU +DU% ?~% =#|~Hp|+~UT J Z+U~ ;+~ =U~Zm~Hp|U~I =
~ZU>p|+S ?mZ QU!






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R:D D@6 R 8)6

}{ |i+p|'p~B;_~KfNpm'~kMc~B=ZRf=Z~Zm`J }@ }@ .ic ic } +~A+LiDcp|


U #NV?mZUj~iUj~ sZN]W\U ;'~U?D~]U ;'~U?Uj~ D s  ~~U
ZBA ;'~U?H>; U|~ ZQy{}| yZN]W\LD+U#>L]~I=UQ+>;`J+f~\U;~B? p|fD
sUHmUZ]m ~gp|+'D C !U% _ ~ i~_ZUm~ J ;'U~ ?~U I ?|UUU ~U J U+
QpU m  > DQ{}| sZpN< W DP
?U'~ UZm
~p|mZ ?mZm!y JO ?)AZ\p|
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smU~ ; U+ W\U~ =Zm~U h
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?mK;T;pUZp|+;++~  Np~U ~ ~B?>Z f
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=Z~Z J1
}@ }c 4 .ic }ic X~ UgZg_Z% J J]m ?Um#|
iU U\{}|+
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~ ?|mP J]md> p|UI =Z| K J 8 ?m~U~s~yU~ ;~D@p|M sUpL] W D ?mZk [FZ"p|UsDpD
p|+ sZpN< W D~yU Z+pB~ ;_~bD bbI J 8 ?p~Z ~s|fDU~ =Z~ i ?D"+B~ L]mmQ




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}{ |#mmpDp~Z D |~ ?U*D J]mfNpmmw?~UJ >JLU#U ?ZZ ]Z@=ZZ


~pDpm"~9Mc~U=U% U~'I=K=Zm DU~m"U]~w?~U;~fNp~%==Z>;_p~B?Z]m~bm
Z?K;fU~U!UfD~@UD+pK;_D~U? ?D~ i ?Np~U'U|p|%;_mK ~F?Zm~%=HI?|Z]m~
J_UfU  ~I =?UU~ ?D ;B~ ? DD~Z!ZmU.
J UpDp~Z!~Uym m~NMfZ+>;U
~~'B~ ;_m~Np K J~ZK ; +> ;~fNp~UUXMc~B=Z gp|fN'p| ~U;~mcf;_m Q|~BAU
QZ% AUZ_U U| ?mZU~7 U~ =Z|~~Z"DI =ZD"ZU\p| ZmU~ ?m_~p|m~"Z@ =ZZ+
i|mDp|+Dp|m|m [vQZ! iI ;`JfU sZpN< W D b #U9 : ~8 lfD*~~pU~ J+'p
UU~ ?m|fDip|+Uw ;p|+|p%| ;_\mUZU*~ \B~ ?'i|Uip|+Dp|+~ X;_mU~ ? 
sZpN< W DH~
s  ~UT QU_D \I ;gJf ~* sI J+K KHB~ =Z|bUI =UspUDspHpUI =Z
JD W\Up_p|fDgU~ =Z|'UI =Zc
[dZg+8 =Z b"D"Z_Zp Uip| ZO =UZU~ ;~p|fN'p|
;tD~~I =tZ UpU~ ?mUX~'~ ZD|p> ;" ;_~< ?m~w ?mDg :Hp|I ?m_Up|+U~ =Z|
UI =U\U~F ?U~ ;~fD~I = Dp+j J]sm U~ ?DtU+
;U~ ?D_ZU~"US|I| ; ;Z
p|Ud ; ?Z~I ?~% ?
(tUj_U~ ;9;_m~Dj|fD`
Q|U~ ADgU+1
sZpN< W D*U_U~> ;_mt{}|+m)Z+p|
p ;_#U ZUtUT Jf ?)AsU{}|+~9 ?U J*m K ;| ;~Z@ ;9;_p D p|
Z@ =ZZ+'> JZ+p|_~+4 [dL+~) bHp|ZI =Z|Z~p~Z [d+ b4 ^ p|_Up|+'|fD! QZ~' 8s
+UUpNt ~
p|_p|DHp|m~p]Z~~Z
U|H|fU [d b K ; i|B~ ?|)||pI| ;
UHp|+> ;'i|)Zm
ZsU+U Jf> ?)ADmT :
p|+~ ?D"p|Z~p~Zg~9 [xfb~I ?
p|+ZO =UZ|fU ;~ZO ;9;mp> JZ+}|~+ [vf+ CKCrb
{}|I ;`JcUf~O ?mX~UI =Z mF ;_~` JU > ?mKmI =Zc~m@U+Up|m =ZmK ;mpU~ ?
NpU Q|U~ ADK QZ'U+` QUI AUZ+c|fZyZ~O ?mmSp~UI =Z@ ?|! W DpKp|fN@U~O ?mSp~UI =U


Clave Classification Tree


90 angle ?
yes

no

# isoceles
triangles

# isoceles
triangles
0
Rumba

1
Son

3
Bossa-Nova

Gahu

axis of symmetry?
no

yes
Shiko

Soukous

Mc~B=Z ! ^

]U~BJH+8?~~Z pmHp_U+p>;tD~U?U ?D~t|~P?UD+

~+~U?Dpm@s8lfU?mZ ?+~U\~U;~pmDUJ]sm Dpm U|_|fDby~@?mmb~UI=Z


U yZN] W\LD |fD p|U{}| yZN] W\LD ~H* ZU N U d ;_N~U;_U mU
~@Z+\~'i|U~ ?|H% JsU|i ;_mpK|fUK~pKm8 ;bUbmZm'f>?m_UKZ~UJUc{}|+
sZpN< W Dt|fU Z\~pm+Up~pmDU\UbI =U|j|m"UgUUbI =Dp|*Z+j
:4 ?ZpU
iI ;`Jf~cp|+Z|I| ;i~p|" ~@ ?mXp~UI =ZmUN~@U ;~Z>@ ;T;mU"HU~ =Z|
UI =Um \% ;`Jf"~mfD\U6 =ZmK ;mpU~ ?U_]> A~I =+I l~D#ppDZ~fU |pI| ;%~m!


%,

=@R:IP6>=HG73435 6D@D@G 396>=HG7R:B R




AC0 %=0MIJD

K ;mU~ ?DmI?|Up|+Zmw?~UJ>J]UU|T?mZZZO=UZHmmm~I=#p|
|p|%;_T?U J]jmp)| U+K;_Dp~B?.?D~ i ?Np~UU+ ?K=U~~Z7UH||I;_m {}|
U_mZmpUyp>=Z~ p|_|p|I; 8?>=Z~~ZO?mpU~I=K;| ?Zp~B?_~U=ZfD 'CKCQ
+f> ;D U~ &9?+ pm9~_|gp ?mp~Z UD}p|*Up*Zpm ^H%?*|
U
> J+~|g ;tN ?|~I =t~ ZI =Z| Jmym ||I| ; pP Jg ?mUB~ i
U+gZmgp8 ;Dpm
{}|~ ;tN ?|~I ='K J ; ~ ;_U U~~Sp| +~% = UO~U` Ai!- y U]~ ;D
ZUy ~mHU]mw ?m~U  ;_UF A~I = lU@~p DKpU~ ; U d  ymZm p|~K J8 ;
~ ~pB@ Ai*D UUfFQNf+~U'~ &9?++K J8 ; 'CKC QR ^ HDZ> ?| pZZ |~
K J ;~ K AjZ. ;_D ?|ZmU ?O ?mB~ ?|~ J]sm|I AifNpm)U p|
Zmtp ;_+D mK ;_pU~ ?NpsI ?|Ubp|U+ZZm |m ;_U|+O@{}|~~
~pDpmT JL9i~p|t8 ?m~~Zpm "U+K ;tNpU~ ?Ug ?mU~|~T ?ZD+si~|Z+
Ai~I =i|mp|d
YU ZU>p|V JDi~
{}|+8 ?~~Z#m~\~pD~d McU~ =U ! : ~\UI ;_m*p|Dis|fZ'DU+ > J+U~
p|++UpHZ+mi~2 ?m@ ?U~ ?HZS [FU2 ?> ;_p |]Z@ =ZZ bsDp|+ZI =Z| yU6 Ai|B~ ?|
UUpip||p%| ;j6 Mc~imw ;~+~X|Z@ =ZU#|U_Z8 =ZUI =ZU : cp|Usm
~T W^ | s A p|+*|p%| ; ~_m~| \I ;gJf+6 QUZ sZp W\LD+ {}|mg|m ?D

J'~BL]p~Dpm J ?mK;+p~I=t|'I;`J Db~@?mm p~U%=ZmX?mZU~ D Zmp~B?mHUKp|


Z@Z= ZO  m*U iI;`JfcZZQZDp|+Z sZ W D+2: |tZ@=ZU|fU*Z
 Z= m DIZ= yp|mt>=ZU~'y6?K;+p|iI;`JKU]~O?mc~DI=Zm: ]| Dy~@?
p~U%Z= ms|fUZ+| U|)||Ij; 9^ |i~D ~p|m~HZ+jZ~O?mm p~UI=U
pF_; ~~@p|+"~HU
L+~ UbO;9; mpZ: K|"U+yH~ >  jQ y"|fZ'p|+ Q |~BUA U+
U|i~s|fZ|gQ ZIDA ZXW Dp|fD ZU@||mg; U _; mp+
+gU
A i~I'= i|+~U? | ~yp| Up~I'= U US| |p|%; UDp|? U2]J U D~9? K; +!
{}|Sfi y U~~UOTm? K_; ++pUj~U; UUZ= U~|I; sZfi ~I= p|N~\U@@;T; m
U+wm? ~B]J mdJ >mpm bU+ 'C Q



34/N7, -    0   d7 -

0


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 fDp+pU@DpKZDU~mgUD~B?D~Z+ ~I?m+~I=#U+K;_Dpm8?mK=Z~p~UD
|p|%;_\~Hp NN .Z D =ZD\D>D@Dpm~Z#|fU6Jm*ZU*T;U~I="p|
KJ ?m~ZV ?mK ;_+~tU>8 l% ? ~ | if Uc~+ZF ;tD~Zp|+Z aD#Q f!"Q-  ymUfi|m
U~I =i~p| |I| ; Z ?UUsmpU~ ?~UU~ =Np~U` ?Z+~+sUK J ?m~Z|+K ;_mf+
"i~p| ~fDU~ ;'~QbU+pU}pU~ ;~y|U~ J+~gDU~mU w ?m+fUi~~Z+\
^ #U\p|
D~bK JmDD~ZbUp|+~N A~~ ?mZI ?mmti~|"p|\]mw ?m+~ZU Ud) U+'~2 C" Z {H
HK? sZZ~F ?Zmm p|fDyU_~O ?|ZZ+pU~DS~mpU~ ?UfmI ?| DR ?m@ ?)A YpB~ ?a ZB~ ?~p
~| |I ;_U I J ?m_U ~% ?U UfDp~I =*pZI =Uy> A JNp
|mK ;U
Ai#U\ d U p DP
QK{>"fUU|U :BD sZ 'C# dp|+ f LQU~ D |pI| ;
~}Uw =UiUI =
^

 ?23 =G 8:2


39R:N:BMG =HG 8$2L6 B ; 2A R:ACIJ6 B 392L39R:IP;M572 G =HG 2D
@ZmZUg?UmpU#p|~I?m~J|~ I=K=Z~I=|mVJfU}U}y!U}~pI?m~Z}U
|:p I =K=U|8 ;#N ^ p|HU|s|fU!+U~ ?)A~%=" p|JfUsU I=K=Z~I=p| ; ~}UU|
;_D :jUp|+}sU}yU
Ap|D\]mw ?m+pUSZ6?K=U~~Z?mK;+~ ~}Uip|>;_
U_]mZF ;tU% ? ?mK ;+~Z : ~tU~_8 ?> =Z~  *K ;_p|~I =)|fUmI ?m*~ :
p|+'p> ;s*p|+~+ K =ZB~ ?U +~U~>DZgi|
DgK J ?mp~Zk ;_Dp|+8 ;_DpB~ ?U ;U'D
?> ;_~g|Z+)> =Zm"i~p|~p|mV
?K =Z+~p~ZZUw ;_UI ?k ?mK ;+~p~9 : p|~8 ?p~U
y~w ?mU ?K ;fU|m ;D\Uc|V ?K ;~ Uc|pI| ; i~p|#m8 ?m pp|~
?Z|pI| ;6 ?Z+~+m*~|~}U]mR ^ U>p|V
;Um\~}m
,.+

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C>D H ;_bDO~F afUZZD)~+Zw;_D~ZQp|mZp~B?g;U_Us|T?mK;+~

U b9if~8lmI?"~jp|+g?UHU@fDT?K;m~Z!i{}|m~ ZcU>?|gDUfNp\p|
?>;_~tUc if+~pH8lmI?JF?U+~I=p|+S=U~Zm8lmI?K; m}~U=U|i>A~I='Z
p|+|Z %J l+I?mT[yZ+)bi|fD |fZU\ZmJ]mgmg~I=p|w?U! @Zm#p~U;
% ?| yZ ~ U ~ Zw ; fUUy. =Zi~% = Z@ ?> J+UZ ( |+ p|"F ?U~ i~| p|
~  _Up|+~Z@ ?> J+U ~p|T ;_U_D ?K ;~ Usp|_8 lmI ?D MfZS ?m@ ?~U? l+I?m
% ?|)D p|'|I| ; ?Z~mm|+~ ~ &T?m~mH +> ;~P ?Z% ?DfD~Z
DbZ#y
~+DI ?mKUp||I| ;vfNpm"~I ?m}Hm % J l+I ?myi~@ J]yZ J' ;_~~I = Z% =Z
C

Clave Son
(a) 1001001000101000
(b) 10010010001010001001001000101000
(c) 10010010001010001001001000101000
1 2

Mc~U=Z+VD+:ppNp~%=p|V?mK;_++D~Z

DX|SH ;_ O~ ?mK;_+~tUXp|V?mZQZO

lI?m DX||p|I;#\U#+>;?mZ~mi|V?UQZ~ppNp ~ Mc~U=Z+D+K{}|+


|p%| ;~cJ~fU*UpDp~Zg~H|i)~ Mc~U=Z+kD [dKb iD~I= ~ ?Z p~B;_~ p|
f J~fDpm*~ MX~U=ZgD [xJbMX~U=ZSD [x?b\|i >?|
+m%J l+I?mU Jp|w?U
mfUDpm J
~> ;_U\
;tDw AUmU J]mmi~| U ~I;`J++D|! MfZ'p|
?Zk
QZg~jmI J lI ?mU =Z+pNp J#p|+~\@?mHU+*p|mZp|kHS ;_ O~
?> ;_~t~} lU!p~O
{}|~g ;_Ut~mD~U U~ ;" ?K ;+ C" sU~'~ ?mK ;_+m K J 8 ?p~Z ~p|
mp|fD\~ ~ + ifmg2 ;tD|8 ;_DU~ ?DUb{}|mZ~\|fDX JmgZmgU T ;U
Ub|I| ; ?mK ;+~ Jd ;'U~ ?mZK =U~ ~pp
~*p|+'U+K ;_Dpmg ?K =Z+~p~Z*DK|pI| ;
 ymUXmB~ ;_~fUjU~ ;UcmDUDp~Z
Up|T
HS8 ;]m O~ ;_U ?K ;fU
pp|
?> ;_~)w ?m~Z J|I ;_U% J 8 ?p"~+8 =D~U  !d){}|2
?mK ;_U~ZD
p|+~S ;_U_i~p|)|Up|mg ;UmU|pI| ; ?> ;_~ +~w ?m\
JL>i~|m8 ?
pjp| ~h
?Z fDpm'+w ?mB~ J]m > J]UU ?U% ifw ;| 4 Mfp|mw ;ZD@K A~% =gD
p|+ w ?mZm"K J+D~mZ| ~h
?U |p%| ;_'~\
McB~ =Z [i~p|U+'Z ?mK ;_U~I =j*p|
U| ;D) b|iHp|fDp|~ ;_U+'~ l~' &9?m~{}|m"~ UU ;Z  DU~UI ?m'~
p|+F ?ZmyD!D~p|m !"U D+ 'p|+F ?ZiUj ;_> AUHUZZ+~mI ?m*~
p> ?|~I =UK~I =H| |I| ;_mN MfZK+> ;j Q|U~ AD~@p|iB~ ;_+bUp|\~"|p%| ;_m+U+
U|ZUp| ;_U ?K ;] JU| ?K =U~  yDUNUm>p|R HS8 ;]m O~ ?mK ;+~p~
U !ZR J]U| USp|+H|I| ;N : }U+]Us|fD}~+ZF ;tD~Z"|ZmU~ ?;UmiU Ui J
p ?U+p+Hsm!||% ;tU#w ?m+fUdI ?K =U~~ZDjZw ;_UI ?m ?K ;~~sUc|I| ;


,
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U L
K~I= Z]UX;_UU| ?mK=Z~p~UR?mK;+~U|p|%; JfD"U'@?|UK=D
~U?U++~%?~+@Up|}%?ZfNp~U_~"p|}||I; DK+~BL]mymUKDO+  d c{}|+
Ums~_pK ~I=  #] ZK| |Z_U U~bZ |+L9g;UUT?UB?Dp
p|+g?>=Z~~US?mK;+~UK||I;_~B?D+i{}|g?mK=Z~p~ZS?K;~p~}Ucp|p D +~
fDpmN;_U}U]ZU}fDpUsNUifDN?K;+"i~| K ~I=%_ N;N
+UH|ij~2Mc~U=UM : XyH>AD p|kCEDL<J~}fDp}U>p|?mZH||I;f~~|8;
~Z~pU!Z+RJ~py>?|!+UtUt| K m~I=D|?K;~~bUOp|\Z ?Z]U~%=
~pisKJ+D~UDm Zip| K ~I=P?>=Z~~U?mK;_+~p~miU@p|+~d?U|p|%;_mMfZ
+>;Up|XQ|+~UAUfDpm9?Z~pUO|6?ZI?DpmfD~ZUO|ifDp ' C d ' C Cd

CKC

Rhythm Complexity Measures


Lempel-Ziv

Pressing

Metric

Shiko

Son

14.5

Soukous

15

Rumba

17

Bossa-Nova

22

Gahu

19.5

Mc~U=Z+ ?>;_fD~Z

U>p|V;Um UX|p|%; ?K;~Z

Cognitive Complexity
a.

2.5

f.

5.5

b.

g.

c.

4.5

h.

7.5

d.

6.5

i.

e.

10

j.

7.5

Mc~B=Z c{}|X?K=Z+~p~Z?mK;_+~p~mKUO9JfU~U?i|p|I;

fNpmy>? ?Z~I=p K m~I= #Q

C ]U CHQ \~I=pgMc~U=Z+ y KJ+pU~p|X?K;~p~+CZ@!U ZypUpU


T
UD+ ^ p|U|i|fU+#| iI;`J~m\Km~I= ?mK=Z~p~ZV?K;~tU)  !  ! !
  C c+>;_~~%=| K~I=?K=U~~Zj?>;_~~mKU Uf~9?mZ |p|I;s~ MX~U=Z
ZUN;'I?| ;Z}~+ZF;tD~Zp|fD|6HS8;]m O~S?K;~~m p|iw?mZmU}~ LOmm
Ug|DU~UI ?m~ l~Uw =ZpU% =Z~I =K ; DtZ\p|k Q|U~ ADtp#UZ | sUpL]W D+ {}|+
w?mZmDU~ =Z> =Z8 ;i~|
p ?|~I =jUUw ;~I =~%?UPQ|~BAU#~HDZ
iI ;`Jf"~}|Ump|fD QU!fU sZpN< W DU D|jU p||fU\UX|~ |pI| ;


,

 2Q=@ACG73G =

6 B IP2Q=@ACG73439R:I ;M5 2 G =

{}| ?Z%?gUttB pU~p~ZfU jp p|+)I;`J#U J]sm ;Z Z


=ZU@?~I= >?8?mpm jm~'~B;_~U?m~pD|'|fU J]m~I= DD ~ ?U~U?U ;'~U?
UpDp~Z fKf#d: }~}'|~mpUF?|~U?U]UUI=Z ;_mUJ]Dp}D ~BL]}mI=Up|+:Um Z yZwA
CL

metrical accent
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

time unit

Mc~B=Z +K{}|tdQU]FFUH
p~B_; ~

mfD| UjZ>?)ADL %f C SZ}'p~B;_ ~fD#DCED

J!5HK;tD U#QIH mfD|>UjZ>?)AUm>L f%C ZZm* ?Z+pI?mX?Dm#tFQU]FfFp


Zmw? ~UJ~I=p|p ;_ZpD@@?|UK=Z~B?UKUw=U+~  Np~U
U||I;_~B?fDND;m~U?U
Zm_{}|~V_; p~B? UcpIm? Z p|+dCELD p~B_; ~~UDKmDUpp|9? ZUh]J m
fDpmm? Z~m|m~c~+pDpm~kcM ~BZ= s+c{}|+I? p} fi +b %m? p~Z|fD_; U
p|+~Uc|Hp~B_; +~}|Dp~ZHpmIU= |jUc~_; p~B? UO>?8m? y{}|U~m\ p
mw? ~UJ |Im? ~Z ~SJ I;T; ~%#= mUU]J Dpmp|kfi ZbU_; p~U? DK>?8m? 
J D~HUmNHmU
~U; ~ pU~I= NH~+ H|" ? ZZmK.]J D~HD)D
mUNHp~U; H~Up~It= N +~+\p|p|~#ZX ]J D~D*D mZmN
p~B_; ~iUp~I= Di~\+(V? U~~ |~FU|~U#+ZIJ ~I'= |~U; ~DU"]J sm
p~B_; +~pDmZm)Zd2: p|~s)~U; ~ j8m? ~U ]J DpU i fUgp~B_; ~
? m~Zm !.J Np{}|Hp~U; +~G+D C + U\C #Uy>A J Np!~U; '~p D LC U
; ~I; pmIU= |dJ Df+~ ~}Z%Z= \U+~\"~}p|+pZIZ= mj]J D
 _; U+D!p|X? K; ~US|p|%; ? U J fi m.fJ Um Z_| ]J ZX? Z%? 
U; mpmcM ~Kfi i; U}D|pDUO_; p~Bs? pmIU= |DOH||Iv
; U+9? U~tdQ D
: K~@~B_
; p|}I1
; UD|
; m~U? U>?8m? pbUp|+]J Dp@+~ ||Ij
; fM Z@+>
; U
p|+9m? ZTQ U|UUpmDHp~B_; '+~+f +D NC U LC "{}|+9; m~B? Uc>?8m? p~ cM ~BZ= '
? UmZ~I_= tp|+p~U; ~p U!UC !]tD +f m8? p~UZ{}|+Zp|_; p~U? ~
U}|P? Z Q Z ?8? U~I*= pjp| |+~Uw? |+~U? DsUpU%Z= 8; "UjSH mfU|+U7Z?)UA +>L
L f%C 
~8l fUp\CEf 4Q ~I? t|~_; p~U? Dyp%m? p+ |fD"*~B_; +_U|~BZ= | pIm? m7|+~Uw? |
|~BJ ~~I_= TU= NU UKO;9; mpZp|_; p~U? ~ I? p~Z*fi mg|g? U J ~sm
U
; UD_; p~Bi? Q N @I? |~c~c~UZZ~ZfDi|fDci~ J ? U tFQ
N .Z D.\W Upp|D|9t; N~B'; I; DUUp|+T; m~Um? ~gUV+i Zt+Upm~)j~pm+~
p~B_; iF? U? DUyO? mcLC Up|mZ|; m~B?jm? K; +~"i~ ]J  fi +UXLC S; ~
p|+_; p~B? ~Zc{}|+ZH|_; p~U?m? K; +~U p|m? ZSQ U!+Zy+>; D~XLC  CEf  
p|Z%Z= |j|`; mp~U? U pIm?  fi +4J SH mfU|+cU+ Z>?)UA m>
L ~jfJ Um
Z ()p
Z b+ZU '; +~Ut? U\_; |k]J t~U; ~~F? Z  s~'~Zmp|+mU~~I=
m p|ZIZ= | i|~B? | p ~ ~U? U:U N ;~U? U |p|I; O sZmmU~|~
; U_|fU~p@? |ZKZ= ~B? U~BZ= ~BiI? UIm? _UZ+~UU '; ~B? UN; ~XDsU~~
UHDU~
U KJ  m? ~Z9_; Dp| t; Np~U? U _; UU~ |9H _; O~2? K; ~
Dh_; fi +
mfD~B? D~ZUbNpp>m? ~Zk; m|'Zcp|+}U+Kt; Npkm? U~ i ? D~ZU|p|I;
c+>_
; ~fD~Z'DOp|+j
; m~B? ? K
; ~w? UUp|i~km? Zi||I_
; ~ XM ~UZ= \ mUUKp|fD
p|+~}~smU| `'; I? | J m; UH|fU p|VSH _; O~9m? K_; +~Z@{}|HDU~UIm? H~
UUf>J UQ |~BUA t|U |sm F? ZUK \I;gfJ [ !K}b |fU _|~BZ= |iF? Zp|U4Q U\[ \b U+


CEf

Hamming Distance Matrix


Shiko
Shiko

Son

Son Soukous Rumba Bossa Gahu

Soukous
Rumba
Bossa-Nova

Gahu

18

10

14

18

14

14

Mc~B=ZgC+K{}| ;T;~I=~UI?m;tNp~ D>|~ |p|%;_m{}|+SJUpK;


? |j||I; p|I;%U>p|~DI?m\~i~K; |Up|miZD

~~B?DZ

sZpN<W

D_~>;ZI=Ui|g;ZX?mK;i~p|*_F?ZUD+  ymZmO|g;m~B?S?mK;+~
;U'~ UHU=ZgUMKm~I=I_ ?K=U~~Zg?K;~Z yZN]W\LD U+ U| U`;Z
~'&T?m H|fU`QZIADZDZ +>;DZUp| ;mp~U?N?>;_~V;DyUIAQUIAUZ+
Ui|fU}|fU D|O



34/N7, -   27 7 
`/N7 -

0


.-



 

}p|+H|UiUXU UB=ZZ~p|%;vZ ?>;_fD~%=+8?>=Z~  ~I=Z ?U~~%=""|p|I; ~m}`;N


+
UH|
~B;_~U~ Jmym:y |p|I;{}|m
+~i~*DU~ D;m|tZ
;U~I=)|*~U;~D~U y|p|I; mp J~%=UO;gJ]Z :m9p|
mp~I =*DU~ ;_D_fNpmh;tDw?|~%=jKJ8; ~d?mU~B?UbKJ ; ~)fD ?K=U~
p~Z U ?> ;_pHF ?~I ?m_~ =UmpU CLd{XU~p~UfU~B;_~U~2Jmys#fDpm~
;Umd
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+ i~\
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( |m|'sp~I=ZU`J~fU* l+I?mDpU;D"Us+~pUI?m"Z Z~B;_~U~
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p|+UKs\@?D~Z+!~Hp|+j CDN< J~G J~fU~% =ii|+y6 ;_~w ;_Dw ?|HO ? ?cU+|- > ;9;_~I =
~DI?kJmym U| Uh
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~w ?+~Z UOp|HDB~ ?D~ZUOp|_UFUQUO@pp|X ;_U8 ;D U~ ;~U~~ ;'+U~ ? ~


=Z~Z J ^ gU \Z1
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;'U~ ?
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sZ~m\|+Np~U*U@|~.?U|p|%;_ Uj?ZZgZO=UZi~ Mc~B=Z y{}|
Z@=ZZ+H~U;9;_m~DjI=K=ZmDU~gUs]ZB~ J"|fUDp"Z8?pZUS?|Up>?pm~  ~I=
p|+'|p|I; sZI?mpDp~I= Zg|'ZmpB~ ?mHUbp|'ZO=UZ  [
)b Zk?mZ
AU SkJ]H|H~pmfDSUI =Z U p|+ Fp| Zm] ^ p|+HUp|m}|fU ~i~I ="|H]U@ =ZZU
t8l%?"UbmI=Z  [
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FE5GGE 
GE ? GE!@ GE A

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C!

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Interval Vector Distance Matrix


Son Soukous Rumba Bossa Gahu

Shiko

Shiko

1.41

2.45

3.16

1.41

1.41

1.41

2.83

2.83

4.24

3.16

1.41

Son
Soukous
Rumba
Bossa-Nova

Gahu

11.02 8.47 12.48 11.02 9.65 14.80

MX~U=ZkCKCZK{}|~pUI?V;_Dp~tU>p|~DU!U8?pZ\i~p|

p| K I?m~+U2;mp~U?D

8?m~Bi ?U#t|p|%; i~J]mmcJ  [


bi|m K~\|'I;`J
U@Up~U?m FA~ J#p| d|*Z@=ZZjI=UpU~I=tD\Zpg>J]mj+i{}|~ ~\p~U
p|+p;_Up|+ lI?mUK~ Zm~U;~pDU\~I?|~U;~pDUX~\|'I;`J
U ZmU~ ?miw A~#}ZDK{}|~U~ ;~U~k Jmy#s|p%| ;_  [
zbU+
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J]sm*|y_U8 ?pZ U
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|p|%;_mbjZ@UmyZ|"Uyp|+s|~BZ= |6[]C  Zb U"y6[  >Sb DU>Z U|"UkQ Z!
m8?p~UZgH~ HSO?)AD afZ#s|U'UFZ= mZwm? mU>K; p|T'; ~B? |U)]Z~D}~m
p|+t~Blm"Usp| U|h]J mbfDp!#{}|t+pK+J pU~m|m +~9t; Np| t; D~U? U
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CED

Minimum Spanning Tree


Soukous

Son

Rumba

Shiko

Bossa-Nova

Gahu

Mc~B=ZjCL

{}|;_~~U;'%; U~I=pymw;~+`Jp|y~U%? ;_Dp~Df~pmDUZ ?mpU

y#||I;{}|k;~~B;'I; fU~I= p2[d Q{jbU  ~|'IJI=ZU| U  |fDH~ t


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~2 =ZmUSp|S ;~B~ ;'I ; fD~% =S ;_ Uj J]B~ lU{}|+~j ;_UUU =UZ~pI| ;sZ
?> ;_p~% = p|k
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p D'Z% =gU'+4 ?m@ ?U ?D! K@ ?m~I =g~p|~s)i~|p|t~UI ?mP ;_Dp~~
McB~ =ZT
CKCklU~ ?)A*+pH~*p|+k ;_~U~ ;'% ;%fU+~I = m"|i ~c McB~ =Z CL{}|'ZZK =D
U p| ;_~U~ ;I ; fU+~I =pmj~ MXU~ =Z4 CL+~mtD_c =ZDI ?j =U ~U | p|
w ;_Us+~pUI ?mV
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B~ ;_~UK'p|HU| i+Z|pI| ;N : F> ?j QZ~yp| ?mpm\D =Up~_UX| pH~tp|H
p|Di~i~p|Hp|fN6 ;_~U~ ;~  y|I ; Uc+~pUI ?mg [i~|~ |HpE bstUOU|im


,

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{}|i~I=U>p|;~~B;'I; U~I="pm~ Mc~U=U`C"+m}U\Dp8;+}9lfD~pDp~Z


~fU~  U|'~pUI?mH~*|"~DI?`;_D~jURMc~B=Z CKCZVMfZ\p|~ ]U'p|+"~
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Z CEDyU)Up|+m2MfZmpU~U| pd?Z+pI?mI?|)pm 'CDQ {}|+ sK;
Np~UfU s~O ?|+8 ;~ \mUw ?| U Us|T Qi~g Mf+pD :~ppU{>8 ?|+Z>=U [ K{ b
> L]'jy8 JB~ ?tZ
?K ;+~I =j|K =ZmmU~ ?pmK ; ~DI ?P ;_DU~ ?mIJ%;_~pmp
p|+~sZm- |ZI =U| U~ =Zm Z}U+U~ ?Dp~Zpk =ZmH l+I ?mUU~~. ;Z8 ?+UR J~Z
K =UU+|K =Z+mpB~ ? m ?DP
J]X ?Z+pI ?m ZyU~UI ?m ;_Dp~I ?|Uy|U> J+U~
> ; 8 l% ? U U}~ |pI| ;R QI ?| m}mZH"F ?B~ J] | ?~I ="Np~U|~
Jmy*K J 8 ?pj ;'I ?|jU~ AD p|S
;Z pU~p~ZfU]|~mpUF ?|U~ ?U
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CL

Phylogenetic Tree

Bossa-Nova

Gahu

Son
Soukous

Shiko

Rumba

Mc~B=ZjCEf+>{}|U+fU"+|K=Z+mp~B?sp ?mZp%?mpm"K;p|y~U%? ;_Dp~~kMc~U=UXCKCZ

~ fNUfU~ CL#d
{s]m\Dc|>=Zp~B?m}p|fNi~~~B=Z|+~fD~  Dp~Zty?mK;_++pmK;
p|+j~UD U8?pZ~DI? ;tNp~UMc~U=Z+4CKCZ{}| i_~p|+jUU7pmj|i ~
McB~ =Z CEf+  mt|_t~+piI ?||fD.
[dU ;'I ?| U]ZB~ J bp|+t|+Z KI ?m~U
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fU~UX|pI| ;i~ |~UI ?mV ;tD~O QI ?|j"mS ?mZp% ?mpmjK ; |H~U% ?V ;tNp~ D
McB~ =Z CKC~\|i
~ McB~ =Z9
CEf+}{}|+~ m'> =D~ ?U|i|fD QZg~\|g ;Z U~ ;~U
|p%| ; p'|Hm}i|mD U|~s| ;Z}+B~ L]m U|jD QZI ADZ\UHm~mp_p|
p|mfU~{}|+m"~ ~UgDP =UUI ?mUU+B~ ;tNp~U*pUX|% ;_mU~ ?U
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p9 ?Z+pI ?mK ; |~U% ?9 ;tD~gU McU~ =U. CKC~|i~h
MXU~ =Z. C 9 :|~H
p|+P ;_~U~ ;I ; UFQUS~UI ?m_pZmm~pU~% =gp|tm Jmyy
2 [U+
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Jmym U|U QUI AUZ+'~ # 2 :p|tUpm|K =UpU~ ?
p}p|+~b~U% ?i~KZZ~ZfD+pHp|+\+~pUI ?m\pZmmU [ZmpB~ ?U ?mK ;]Z+Z% b
> ; p| U|j+_p|+U +\|+~pUI ?mpZm*iD9 [ZpB~ ?U ?> ;_Zm
Z% b> ; | Up*|2 QUI AUZ+"+U
{}| U+|K =Z+mpB~ ?tp |ik ?U p|
|~pDw ?|B~ ?U ?~I =pI ?m p|fDy~p J]sm#U||I| ;b{}|X isfUp~~Z~~
p|+s. ?mpm sZpN< W D U U|
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?Hp|+ J+ A~pd Q|+U~ AUjU p|+Dp|m|mUg QZ! QUI AUZ+U+
iI ;`Jf+N MX~fUUI QUd J> A\ K ; p|+U~6 QZI AUUD iI ;`J+


 G.IPG = N-A6 ;M0 D


yj i~~Z*|k;~~B;'I; fU~I= pU+gp|'+|K=Z+mp~B?pm?Z~mm)J]Z"+8?
pU~j+w ?mB~ J]|+~pUI?m'I?p'~*|+~pUI?m`;tNp~jU pmUM\sZmSZ;t
JH~pmpmj~.
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,

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root

Rooted Phylogenetic Tree

Bossa
Nova

Son

Shiko
Rumba
Soukous

Gahu

Mc~U=Z+kC K{}|+Dp|>=Zp~B?mS?mZp%?mpmjZ|~U%?V;tNp~
Gahu

~ Mc~U=Z+kCKCZ

Bossa-Nova

Son

SplitsTree

Rumba

Shiko
Soukous

Mc~B=ZkC"!K{}|Q~p{XV?UI?p#Zp|++~pUI?mS;_D~t~ Mc~B=Z`CKCZ

~pmpD|~8?|+~Uli|~B?|)~"p|~H~+Uw;_Dp~Zg~ .=ZU| p|fN~.=Z+


U~  Np~UgUs mU ^H+I ?|+> ;_+"~ | "+  d{}| ~Z~ U y~mm
~
w ;_UD > L]
y8 J mU~ ?mUk ?K ;+~I = Q+~{>m {}|d Q+~{>m ?mZp% ?mpm
> ; |'~pUI ?g ;tD~#U McU~ =U9 CKC'~|+Li ~ McB~ =ZT C! : K|pI ?mm U
;_D ?| p|fDp#8 ?p*p|m% =ZU+~H#Uw ; fUUK =Zp ;_ii|Zt~  ~ZZ
p~ZfUKjp|+P ;_~F ;tDw ?|!2 : McU~ =U C!|_UmI =Z~I ?m~mpjp|P QZ|fU. J]m~
 ymUp|fUUK =Zp ;_yUmD~Utw ;_Ud+~U~ ?Dp~I ='p|Dip|m~I =pI ?m~
Z% =Z_pm U~ ADU
B~ L] U> ?|pmw ;~+~I ="~>|m~I =9=ZpU+|#D@~U% ?V ;tNp~ ~p
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