Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FTTH 100 Mbps ADSL2+ 25 Mbps LTE 10 Mbps ADSL 3 t 5 Mb to Mbps HSPA+ Mbps HSPA 5 Mb HSDPA 1 Mbps UMTS 350 kbps EDGE 100 kbps GPRS 40 kbps p
1 Mbps
ADSL 1 Mbps
10 kbps 2000
6
2005
2010
Broadband Approaches
Strength Mobile broadband (EDGE, HSPA, LTE) Constant connectivity Broadband capability across extremely wide areas Good G d access solution f l ti for areas lacking wireline infrastructure Capacity enhancement options via FMC Excellent voice communications Wireline broadband (e.g., DSL, DOCSIS, FTTH) High capacity broadband at very high data rates Evolution to extremely high throughput rates Expensive to deploy new networks, especially in developing economies lacking infrastructure Weakness Lower capacity than wireline approaches Inability to serve highbandwidth applications such as IP TV
10
Traffic Growth
700 600
500
400
300
200
100
20 0 15 10 5 0 2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
11
11
Wireless Approaches
Approach
TDMA
Comments
First digital cellular approach. Hugely successful with GSM GSM. New enhancements being designed for GSM/EDGE. Basis for nearly all new 3G networks. Mature, efficient, and will dominate wide-area wireless systems for the remainder of this decade. Effective approach for broadcast systems, higher bandwidth radio systems, and high peak data rates in large blocks of spectrum spectrum. Also provides flexibility in the amount of spectrum used. Well suited for systems planned for y p the next decade.
CDMA
OFDM/OFDMA
12
TDMA
Most widely deployed cellular technology in the world. P ld Provides voice and id i d data service via GPRS/EDGE. Data service for GSM networks. An k enhancement to original GSM data service called GPRS. Advanced version of EDGE that can double and eventually quadruple throughput rates. 70 kbps to 130 kbps 30 kb 70 kbps to 130 kbps 30 kb
EDGE
TDMA
13
HSPA
CDMA
HSPA+
CDMA
LTE
OFDMA
14
2008 EDGE DL: 474 kbps UL: 474 kbps HSPA DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 5.76 Mbps In 5 MHz
2009
2010 Evolved
EDGE DL: 1.89 Mbps UL: UL 947 kb kbps
2011
2012
2013
E EDGE
HSPA
Rel 7 HSPA+
DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps In 5 MHz
Rel 8 HSPA+
DL: 42 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps In 5 MHz
LTE
DL: 326 Mbps UL: 86 Mbps In 20 MHz
CDMA2000 0
LTE
LTE (Rel 9)
EV-DO Rev A
DL: 3.1 Mbps UL: 1.8 Mbps In 1.25 MHz
EV-DO Rev B
DL: 14.7 Mbps UL: 4.9 Mbps In 5 MHz
UMB
UMB
DL: 280 Mbps UL: 68 Mbps In 20 MHz
UMB Rel 2
Fixed WiMAX
Rel 1 5 1.5
15
Notes: Throughput rates are peak theoretical network rates. Radio channel bandwidths indicated. Dates refer to expected initial commercial network deployment except 2008 which shows available technologies that year. No operator commitments for UMB.
16
17
Total spectrum 2x60 MHz 2x60 MHz 2x75 MHz 2x45 MHz 2x25 MHz 2x10 MHz 2x70 MHz 2x35 MHz 2x35 MHz 2x60 MHz 2x25 MHz 2x18 MHz 2x10 MHz 2x10 MHz
Uplink [MHz] 1920-1980 1850-1910 1710-1785 1710-1755 824-849 830-840 2500-2570 880 915 880-915 1749.9-1784.9 1710-1770 1427.9 - 1452.9 698-716 777-787 788-798
Downlink [MHz] 2110-2170 1930-1990 1805-1880 2110-2155 869-894 875-885 2620-2690 925 960 925-960 1844.9-1879.9 2110-2170 1475.9 - 1500.9 728-746 746-756 758-768
18
19
Expected Features/Capabilities
Year 2008 Features HSUPA seeing significant deployment momentum in networks and device availability. First HSUPA networks with 5.8 Mbps peak uplink speed capability. HSPA devices with 7.2 Mbps downlinks widely available. Various operators offering FMC based on UMA. Operators announcing commitments to femto cell approaches. Greater availability of FMC 2009 Networks and devices capable of Release 7 HSPA+, including MIMO, boosting HSPA peak speeds to 28 Mbps Enhanced IMS-based services (for example, integrated voice/multimedia/presence/location) 2010 Evolved EDGE capabilities available to significantly increase EDGE throughput rates HSPA+ peak speeds further increased to peak rates of 42 Mbps based on Release 8 LTE introduced for next-generation throughput performance using 2X2 MIMO Advanced core architectures available through EPC/SAE, primarily for LTE but also for HSPA+, providing benefits such as integration of multiple network types and flatter architectures for better latency performance Most new services implemented in the packet domain over HSPA+ and LTE 2011 and later 2012 LTE enhancements such as 4X2 MIMO and 4X4 MIMO LTE Advanced specifications completed. LTE Advanced potentially deployed in initial stages.
20
DL LTE(20MHz) 300M
DL LTE(10MHz) 140M
20 Mbps
UL LTE (10MHz) 50M UL LTE (10MHz) 25M HSDPA 14.4M
10 Mbps
HSDPA 1.8M
HSUPA 1.5M
1 Mbps
DL R99-384k UL R99 384k
HSPA DL and UL peak throughputs expected to double every year on average 1 Mbps Limitations not induced by the technology itself but time frames required to upgrade infrastructure and transport networks, obtain devices with corresponding capabilities and interoperability tests
100 kbps
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Subs scriptions
UMTS/HSPA
GSM/EDGE
1990
22
2000
2010
2020
2030
1xRTT
1xRTT
23
Throughput Comparison g
Downlink Peak Network Speed Peak And/Or Typical User Rate Uplink Peak Network Speed Peak And/Or Typical User Rate
473.6 kbps 236.8 kbps 200 kbps peak 70 to 135 kbps typical
473.6 kbps 236.8 kbps 200 kbps peak 70 to 135 kbps typical 473.6 kbps 947.2 kbps
2.048 Mbps 384 kbps 350 kbps peak 200 to 300 kbps typical
768 kbps 384 kbps 350 kbps peak 200 to 300 kbps typical 384 kbps 384 kbps > 5 Mbps peak 700 kbps to 1.7 Mbps 1 7 Mb typical 2 Mbps > 1.5 Mbps peak 500 kbps to 1.2 Mbps 1 2 Mb typical 350 kbps peak
25
Uplink Peak And/Or Typical User Rate Peak Network Speed 5.76 Mbps 5.76 Mbps 11.5 Mbps > 5Mbps typical expected 11.5 11 5 Mbps > 3 Mbps typical expected Peak And/Or Typical User Rate
326 Mbps p
86 Mbps p
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802.16e WiMAX expected Wave 1 (10 MHz TDD DL/UL=3, 1X2 SIMO) 802.16e 802 16e WiMAX expected Wave 2 (10 MHz TDD, DL/UL=3, 2x2 MIMO) 802.16m
23 Mbps
4 Mbps
46 Mbps
4 Mbps
TBD
TBD
27
28
Thro oughput [Mbps s] 0.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 10
10 0% 95 % 90 % 85 % 80 % 75 % 70 % 65 % 60 % 55 % 50 % 45 % 40 % 35 % 30 % 25 % 20 % 15 % 10 % 5% 0%
Throughput Distribution
-106 dBm
Mobile
Mobile
100 90 80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
70
700
770
840
280
420
490
140
210
350
560
630
910
980
1120
1260
1330
1050
30
1190
1400
154 123 97 74 54 37 23 12
32
GPRS Rel97
HSPA
LTE
0 -15 15
-10 10
-5 5
10
15
20
33
LTE 4X2 MIMO LTE 2X2 MIMO HSPA+ SIC, 64 QAM HSPA+ 2X2 MIMO HSDPA MRxD, Equalizer
UMB 4X2 MIMO UMB 2X2 MIMO Rel 1.5 4X2 MIMO Rel 1.5 2X2 MIMO Rev B Cross-Carrier Scheduling Rev A, MRxD, Equalizer
UMTS R99
34
UMTS to LTE
CDMA2000 to UMB
WiMAX
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
HSUPA Rel 6 UMTS R99 R 99 to Rel 5 LTE 1X2 Receive Diversity HSPA+ Interference Cancellation, 16 QAM LTE 1x4 Receive Diversity
Future Improvements UMB 1X4 Receive Diversity Future Improvements Rel 1.5 1X4 Receive Diversity
35
UMTS to LTE
CDMA2000 to UMB
WiMAX
Future Improvements Rel 1.5 EVRC-B 6kbps Rel 1 5 1.5 EVRC 8 kbps
UMTS to LTE
CDMA2000 to UMB
WiMAX
Subscriber Growth
37
Throughput Requirements
Microbrowsing (for example, Wireless Application Protocol [WAP]): 8 to 128 kbps Multimedia messaging: 8 to 64 kbps Vid telephony: 64 to 384 kbps Video t l h t kb General-purpose Web browsing: 32 kbps to more than 1 Mbps Enterprise applications including e-mail, database access and VPNs: 32 kbps to more access, than 1 Mbps Video and audio streaming: 32 kbps to 2 Mbps
38
GPRS/EDGE Architecture
Mobile Station Mobile Station Mobile Station Base Transceiver Station Base Transceiver Station
Circuit-Switched Traffic Base Mobile Station Switching Controller Center IP Traffic Home Location Register g
39
1 TCH 1 TCH
2 TCH 2 TCH
3 TCH 3 PDTCH
4 TCH 4 PDTCH
5 PDTCH 5 PDTCH
6 PDTCH 6 PDTCH
7 PDTCH 7 PDTCH
BCCH 0 PBCCH
BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel carries synchronization, paging and other signalling information TCH: Traffic Channel carries voice traffic data; may alternate between frames for half-rate PDTCH: Packet Data Traffic Channel Carries packet data traffic for GPRS and EDGE PBCCH: Packet B d PBCCH P k t Broadcast Control Ch t C t l Channel additional signalling f GPRS/EDGE used only if needed l dditi l i lli for GPRS/EDGE; d l d d
40
41
44
45
47
GSM/EDGE
Packet-Switched Networks UMTS Core Network (MSC, HLR, SGSN, SGSN GGSN)
WCDMA, HSDPA
Circuit-Switched Networks
48
49
Channelizatio Codes on
2 msec Time
50
User 2
Time
User 2 User 1 User 2 User 1 User 2 User 1
L1 Peak Rate (Mbps) 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.8 3.6 3.6 7.2 7.2 10.2 14.4 0.9 09 1.8
QPSK/ 16QAM Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Both Both QPSK QPSK
Soft Channel Bits 19200 28800 28800 38400 57600 67200 115200 134400 172800 172800 14400 28800
53
HSUPA Category
1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
Codes x Spreading
1 x SF4 2 x SF4 2 x SF4 2 x SF4 2 x SF2 2 x SF2 2 x SF2 2xSF2 2xSF4 2 SF2 + 2 SF4 2xSF2 + 2xSF4
TTI
10 10 2 10 10 2 10 10 2
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HSPA+ Objectives
Exploit the full potential of a CDMA approach before moving to an OFDM platform in 3GPP LTE. p Achieve performance close to LTE in 5 MHz of spectrum. Provide smooth interworking between HSPA+ and LTE, thereby facilitating the f ilit ti th operation of b th t h l i ti f both technologies. A such, operators As h t may choose to leverage the EPC/SAE planned for LTE. Allow operation in a packet-only mode for both voice and data. Be backward-compatible with previous systems while incurring no performance degradation with either earlier or newer devices. Facilitate migration from current HSPA infrastructure to HSPA+ infrastructure.
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HSPA as defined in Release 6 Release 7 HSPA+ DL 64 QAM, UL 16 QAM Release 7 HSPA+ 2X2 MIMO, DL 16 QAM, UL 16 QAM QAM Release 8 HSPA+ 2X2 MIMO DL 64 QAM, UL 16 QAM HSPA+ 2X2 MIMO, Dual Carrier (anticipated in Release 9)
5.76 11.5
28.0
11.5
42.2 84
11.5 11.5
56
Traditional HSPA Architecture GGSN User Plane Control Plane RNC Node B SGSN
HSPA with One-Tunnel Possible HSPA+ with Architecture One-Tunnel Architecture GGSN SGSN RNC Node B Node B GGSN SGSN
57
HSPA scheduler
HSPA
IuPS
PS R99
NodeB
58
RNC
VoIP CS CS + VoIP
0.8
PS Evolution
59
LTE Capabilities
Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth Uplink p p peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth p p Operation in both TDD and FDD modes. Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz Increased spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA by a factor of two to four Reduced latency, to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and the base station and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to station, active
LTE Configuration Downlink (Mbps) Peak Data Rate 172.8 326.4 326 4 Uplink (Mbps) Peak Data Rate 57.6 86.4 86 4
Using 2X2 MIMO in the Downlink and 16 QAM in the Uplink Using 4X4 MIMO in the Downlink and 64 U i i th D li k d QAM in the Uplink 60
61
62
IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMS
Home Subscriber Server (HSS) ( ) DIAMETER Call Session Control Function (CSCF) (SIP Proxy) Media Resource Gateway Control SIP Application Server
SIP
DSL
Wi-Fi
Control
MME
PCRF
User Plane
Serving Gateway
PDN Gateway
IP Services, IMS
Conclusion
Through constant innovation, the EDGE/HSPA/LTE family provides operators and subscribers a true mobile broadband advantage advantage. EDGE is a global success story. Evolved EDGE will achieve peak rates of over 1 Mbps. HSDPA offers the highest peak data rates of any widely available wide widearea wireless technology, with peak user-achievable rates of over 4 Mbps in some networks. HSUPA has increased uplink speeds to peak achievable rates of 1 Mbps. HSPA+ has peak theoretical rates of 42 Mbps, and in 5 MHz will match p LTE capabilities. LTE will provide an extremely efficient OFDMA-based platform for future networks. p EDGE/HSPA/LTE is one of the most robust portfolios of mobilebroadband technologies and is an optimum framework for realizing the potential of the wireless-data market.
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