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Title Allison Leonard Group Members: Caitlin Riley and Calvin Strehl BIOL 130L: Human Physiology Winter

2011

Results

First, the relationship between clench force and the electrical activity recorded by the electromyography (EMG) was established. In a separate test for each arm, the subject clenched four times, beginning with a minimal clench, and ending with her maximum voluntary clench. The EMG activity increased along with the increasing clench force for both arms, respectively. The dominant arms curve increased more sharply with the final contraction. Also, a difference in the magnitude of clench force that could be generated by each arm was immediately observed. The mean clench force (CF) for the dominant arm (R) was 10.97 kg, whereas the mean CF of the non-dominant arm (L) was 8.31 kg. The maximum clench force generated by the R surpassed the L by about 7.23 kg. The mean integrated EMG on R was 0.226 mV, and the mean integrated EMG on L was 0.244 mV. Although the EMG values increased with increasing CF, note that the overall mean EMG was actually higher in the non-dominant arm. Next, the effects of muscle fatigue on clench force (and thereby, on the EMG signal) were tested on each of the arms. In both arms, there was a steady decrease in the clench force over a period of time. It took about 43 s for the non-dominant arm to fatigue1, and over that period of time, the mean CF was 13.79 kg. The dominant arm took longer to fatigue, about 61 s, and the mean CF generated was 13.51 kg. Cite tables and figures After, the maximum voluntary contraction of the subject was tested using two different positions in the dominant arm. In the first test, the wrist was held straight. In the second, it was

1 Fatigue here is defined as the time that it took for clench force to fall to 50% of the maximum value.

bent downwards at a roughly 90-degree angle. Students t-test.

Relationship EMG-CF EMG increased with the CF, which makes sense based on our understanding of surface electromyography. The EMG electrodes recorded the compound motor action potentials between two points on the body. It detected the action potentials based on the electrical fluctuations in the extracellular fluid (2). With skeletal muscle, more than one action potential is usually required to bring the membrane to threshold (source). And.An increasing clench force implicated an increasing number of action potentials. The dominant arm generally achieved a higher clench force. The same concepts can also be used to explain the surprising presence of more electrical activity recorded in the L, in spite of a weaker clench force. The EMG records only the action potentials generated within the vicinity of the electrode. The dominant arm probably utilized a wider range of muscle fibers, not all of which were in the immediate forearm region. Fatigue over time. The dominant arm endured a longer period of clenching before completely fatiguing, but the mean CF of the dominant arm was actually less than that of the non-dominant arm. This can perhaps be explained by a difference in the type of muscle fiber present in each arm

Effect of wrist position on EMG activity and clench force.

The CF for the straight wrist averaged 16.331.02 kg, while the CF of the cocked wrist averaged only 10.951.05 kg (P value = 0.023855). relationship between EMG activity and clench force maximum clench force depends on wrist position change in EMG with muscle fatigue relationships between EMG activity, clench force and fatigue compared in the right and left arms References 1. Ogren, L. Biology 130 Lecture, lecture date. 1. Ogren, L. Biology 130 Lecture, 10 January 2011. 2. Ogren, L. Exercise 2: Nerve Conduction Velocity. In: Human Physiology Laboratory Manual, Biology 130L, Winter 2010. 3. Widmaier, E. P., Raff, H., and Strang, K. T. Vanders Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. 11. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2008, p. ?. Tables and figures Tables . Group pages containing tables together in numerical order and do the same with figures.

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